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e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:05/May-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE BY PARTIAL
RELACEMENT OF CEMENT BY USING GLASS POWDER
Nikhil Khadgi*1, Rachit Patil*2, Sandesh Jamgade*3, Pappu Pandey*4
*1,2,3,4Department Of Civil Engineering, Nagpur Institute Of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
*5Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering, Nagpur Institute Of Technology,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT
The pervious concrete is a special type of concrete consists of a gap-graded system, generally contains cement,
coarse aggregate, little or no sand, admixtures, and water and has a slump value near to zero. The combination
of these components will produce a hardened material that allows water to pass through the concrete easily.
Pervious concrete could be more considered as environment friendly concrete for sustainable construction.
Pervious concrete is generally used in sidewalks, for low-traffic volume roads and for parkings. This special
class of concrete has several other environmental benefits such as reduce improved road safety because it is
able to enhance the skid resistance, and reduce urban heat-island effects.
Keywords: Pervious Concrete, Porous Concrete, No Fine, Sustainable, Storm Water, Low Cost.
I. INTRODUCTION
Pervious Concrete is a special sort of concrete in which no fine aggregates are used. This is a homogeneous
mixture of cement, aggregate / gravel and water. Pervious Concrete is also called as “no-fines” concrete.
Pervious concrete has similar basic constituents as conventional concrete that is, 15% -30% of its volume
which is made of interconnected void network, which permit water to cross the concrete. Aside from being
used to get rid of or reduce the nessesity for exorbitant retention ponds, contrivers and other private
companies are also using it to valuable real estate for enlargement, while still rendering a paved park.
Pervious concrete is also a idiosyncratic and effective means to address important environmental issues and
sustainable growth. When it rains, pervious concrete spontaneously acts as a drainage system, by that means
putting water back where it belongs. Pervious concrete is rugged textured, and has a honeycombed surface,
with modest amount of surface raveling which occurs on stiffly travelled roadway.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Jangid et al (2014) discovered that the properties of concrete by limited replacing of cement by waste glass
powder 5% to 40% at an interval of 5% each Glass powder, When the glass powder is put in up to 15 %
compressive strength enlarges, but after that it was starting to decrease and when glass powder is added up to
20 % it was starting to decrease.
Figure 1: Schematic view of Pervious concrete pavement

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Khatib et al. (2014) looked into the properties of concrete by partial restoring of cement by waste glass powder
of 0% to 40%. The compressive strength of concrete is increased up to 20% replacement, but after that it
started to decrease.
Meininger 2005, studied the effect of different aggregate sizes (10mm and 20mm) on hardened properties of
non-fine concretes and the results showed that compressive strength reduces with increase in aggregates size.
It declared the drop of aggregate size led to higher pervious concrete strength, resulting from the increase of
the interface strength between the aggregate and cement paste.
M. Harshavarthana Balaji 2006, carried out research on Design of eco friendly pervious concrete. From the test
results it was concluded that the mix design with aggregate and cement ratio of 3 has the maximum strength,
This mix design gives us the required strength of M20 grade concrete and this mix design has the required void
ratio for the water seepage.
III. OBJECTIVES
1. To achieve the compressive strength of pervious concrete by adding admixture like glass powder.
2. To reduce the cost of the concrete as compared to normal concrete.
3. To enhance skid resistance while providing absolute removal of water from the pavement surface and
structure.
4. To get aesthetical appearance on the structure .
IV. METHODOLOGY
MAKING OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
Pervious concrete (also known as porous concrete, permeable concrete, no fines concrete and porous
pavement) is a specific type of concrete with excessive porosity applied for concrete flatwork applications that
permits water from precipitation and other sources to pass right through, thereby lessening the runoff from a
site and letting groundwater recharge,
Pervious concrete is produced using large aggregates with little to no fine aggregates. The concrete paste then
covers the aggregates and permit the water to pass through the concrete slab. Pervious concrete is routinely
used in parking areas, areas with light traffic, residential streets, pedestrian walkways, and greenhouses. It is a
prime application for sustainable construction and is one of many low impression development techniques
used by builders to safeguard water quality.
Figure 2: Making of Pervious concrete

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MIX DESIGN
Mix Proportioning process
Figure 3: Steps involved in mix proportioning process

MIX DESIGN CALCULATIONS BY IS 10262:2009 METHOD
Mix Proportioning as per IS 10262:2009
 Target strength for mix proportioning
 Selection of w/ c ratio
 Selection of water content
 Corrections in water content
 Calculation of cement content
 Proportion of volume of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate content
 Corrections
 Mix calculations
Design stipulations for proportioning
 Mix Grade: M20
 Type of cement: OPC 43 grade confirming to IS 269:2015
 Maximum nominal size aggregate: 20 mm
 Exposure condition: Severe – very severe
 Minimum cement content: 340 kg/m3
 Method of concrete placing: Hand Mixing
 Maximum cement content: 450 kg/m3
 Specific gravity of cement: 3.00
 Specific gravity of coarse aggregate: 2.74
 Slump value 150-175 mm
 Specific gravity of Glass Powder: 2.50
Target Strength for Mix design
The target strength is given by

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Fck= fck + 1.65 x S
Where:
Fck = target mean compressive strength at 28 days in N/mm2
Fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days in N/mm2
S = standard deviation in N/mm2
1.65 is tolerance factor
The value of standard deviation can be assumed from Table from Table 1 of
IS 10262:2009
Table 1: Assumed standard deviation
Fck = fck + 1.6 (S)

Fck = 35 + 1.65 (4)
Fck = 41.60 N/mm2
Determination of water cement ratio
Basically water cement ratio depends upon the exposure conditions From Table 1. of IS-456:2000
Maximum water/cement ratio is 0.45
Adopt W/C ratio = 0.45
Table 2: Minimum cement content, maximum w/c ratio and minimum
Grade of concrete for diff. exposures

Determination of water content
Water content depends upon the maximum size of aggregate From Table 2 of IS 10262:2009
Maximum water content for 20 mm size aggregate is 186 liters
The obtained 186 liters is for slump value of 25-50 mm (IS 10262:2009 Clause 4.2)

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Table 3: Maximum water content per cubic meter of concrete for nominal maximum size of aggregate
Target slump is 150-175 mm

As per is 10262:2009 clause 4.2, we can increase 3% of water for every additional 25 mm slump
50-75 = 3 %
75-100 = 3 %
100-125 = 3 %
125-150 = 3 %
150-175 = 3 %
So we have to increase Total of 15% in order to achieve
175mm slump
186 + 15% of 186 = 213.9 liters
Calculation of cement content
As Per Table 3 IS 456:2000
For very severe exposure condition minimum cement content is 260 Kg/m3
Water cement ratio = 0.45
Actual water content is 213.9 liters Kg/m3
Hence 213/0.45 = 475.33 kg/m3
Cement obtained is greater than 450kg/m3 hence adopt 450 kg/m3
Mix design calculation per unit volume of the concrete
Volume of concrete is 1 m3
Volume of cement = Mass of cement/ volume of cement x 1/1000
= 450/3 x 1/1000
= 0.150 m3
Volume of water = Mass of water/volume of water x 1/1000
= 213.9/1 x 1/1000
= 0.2139 m3
Volume of Voids assuming 15%
= 15/100
= 0.15 m3
Volume of aggregate = Total volume of conc. - (volume of cement + volume of
water + volume of voids)
1- (0.150 + 0.2139 + 0.15) = 0.4861 m3
Mass of coarse aggregate = 0.4861 x 1 x 2.74 x 1000 = 1331.914
Mass of Glass Powder aggregate Replacing 10% of glass powder with cement

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Assuming specific gravity of glass powder as 2.50
10% of 450 Kg/m3 = 45 kg
Cement: Fine Aggregate: Coarse Aggregate : Glass powder
1: 0: 3.32: 0.1  1:0:3.5:0.1
V. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Cement-1000 gm (1 kg)
2. Course Aggregate - 3500 gm (3.5 kg)
3. Water-450 ml
4. Glass Powder-upto 20% by weigth of cement (5%,10%, 15%, 20%)
5. Ratio 1: 3.32: 0.1
EXPERIMENTAL VALUES
CEMENT (43 GRADE ULTRATECH CEMENT)
Specific gravity :3.02
Fineness of cement :3.15
Consistency :34%
Initial setting time: 30min.
COARSE AGGREGATE
Specific gravity :3.00
Bulk density :1.50
GLASS POWDER
Specific gravity 2.5
Compressive strength of Pervious Concrete at 7, 14, and 28 Days
Table 4: 5% replacement of cement with glass powder
% Replacement of W/C Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

Sr.No.
cement ratio 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
1 5% 0.45 7.32 8.91 11.25
2 5% 0.45 7.77 9.56 11.89
3 5% 0.45 8.04 8.67 10.79
Avg. Compressive
7.71 9.04 11.31
Strength

Sr.No.
1 10% 0.45 8.68 10.67 13.65
2 10% 0.45 7.94 11.34 13.05
3 10% 0.45 8.76 11.56 14.45
Avg Compressive
8.46 11.19 13.71
Strength

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Sr.No.
1 15% 0.45 8.94 11.98 17.08
2 15% 0.45 9.67 12.65 18.78
3 15% 0.45 9.22 12.89 18.65
Avg Compressive
9.27 12.50 18.17
Strength

Sr.No.
1 20% 0.45 9.23 10.88 14.65
2 20% 0.45 9.17 11.05 13.89
3 20% 0.45 8.91 11.58 15.64
Avg Compressive
9.10 11.17 14.72
Strength
Compressive strength of Normal Concrete at 7, 14 and Days
Table 8: Compressive Strength of concrete at 7, 14 28 Days
Average Cmpressive Strength(N/mm2 )
Sr.No. W/C Ratio
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
1 0.45 8.90 12.06 18.79
2 0.45 7.89 13.64 19.55
3 0.45 8.65 13.90 19.61
Avg Compressive
8.05 13.89 19.22
Strength
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 From the experimental value we found that the compressive strength of pervious concrete and normal
concrete are nearly same.
 Pervious concrete is suitable for pavements, footpath etc Pervious concrete allows increased the ground
water level and aquifer recharge, reduction of peak water flow through the drainage channels, and
minimization of flooding.
 It is claimed that the high flow rate of water through a permeable concrete pavement allows the capture of
rainfall, thus reducing storm water runoff issues.
VII. CONCLUSION
 The miniature the size of coarse aggregate should be capable to produce a higher compressive strength and
at the same time bring about a higher permeability rate.
 Finally, further study should be conducted on the pervious concrete pavement produced with these
material proportions to meet the condition of increased compressive stresses due to high vehicular
loading and traffic volumes.
 Pervious concrete should be must used in India, as there is no need of any special drainage system, if its use
as a base for footpaths and the pavements.

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 Another remarkable advantage in India is low-priced labour juxtapose to western countries, much of the
pervious concrete is laid manually without using heavy machinery, so this can be put down at lower costs
even in rural areas.
 In future with enlarged urbanization, shrinking ground water levels and focus on sustainability technologies
such as pervious concrete are probable to become even more favoured in India compared to other countries.
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE
 Pervious concrete is presence in the concrete industry is likely going to continue to grow. As todays
situation is the the increasing the price of materials and changes in the asphalt industry will help to push
its growth.
 The greatest market prospective for pervious is parking lots. a future for pervious concrete as a structural
drainage fill beyond retaining walls.
 But possibly the biggest achievement for pervious concrete is its ability to influence the current concrete
market.
IX. REFERENCES
[1] Ajamu S.O. Junoh AA, Oluremi J.R.. "Evaluation of Structural Performance of Pervious Concrete in
Construction". International Journal of Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 2049-3444, Volume 2, No. 5,
May 2012.
[2] "Methods of Tests for strength of concrete", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 18:516-1959.
[3] "Specifications for 53 grade ordinary Portland cement", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi IS:
12269-1987.
[4] Jangid Jitendra B.. Saoji A.C. "Experimental Investigation of Waste Glass Powder as the Partial
Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production", IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering
(IOSR-JMCE) - ISSN: 2278-1684, P-ISSN: 2320-334X, PP 55-60.
[5] Jing Yang Guoliang Jiang, "Experimental Study on Properties of Pervious Concrete Pavement Materials
Cement and Concrete Research 33, Pg. 381-386. 2003,
[6] Kumar Prema W. Ananthayya M. Vijay K."Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement with Waste Glass
Powder on the Properties of Concrete", ISSN 2319-6009, Volume 3, No 2, May 2014.
[7] Nadgoudu Kshitija, Ghadib Pratik, Gharat Manish, Revati Gurav, Margaje Tejal, Shirke Eesha. "The Use
of Pervious Concrete in Rainwater Management" 4 Nirma University International Conference on
Engineering 2013.
[8] Raju Shilpa, Kumar P. R.,"Effect of using Glass Powder in Concrete". International Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. ISSN (Online): 2319-8753, Volume 3, Special Issue
5.July 2014.
[9] Ravindrarajah, Yukari A., "Environmentally Friendly Pervious Concrete For Sustainable Construction",
35 Conference on our World in Concrete & Structures. Singapore, August 2010.
[10] Tennis Paul, Leming Michael L... Akers David J.Pervious Concrete Payments" Portland Cement
Association, national ready mixed concrete association, 2004.
[11] Vijayakumar G., "Studies on Glass Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production",
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 3,
Issue 2, February 2013.

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e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

Figure 1: Schematic view of Pervious concrete pavement

Figure 2: Making of Pervious concrete

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Figure 3: Steps involved in mix proportioning process

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Fck = fck + 1.6 (S)

Grade of concrete for diff. exposures

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Target slump is 150-175 mm

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

% Replacement of W/C Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

% Replacement of W/C Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

% Replacement of W/C Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

% Replacement of W/C Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

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