Record work english

Here is a detailed response to each of your requests:

### III. NOTICE

**Cultural Programme Announcement:**

```
NOTICE
Date: April 23, 2024

FOUNDER’S DAY CULTURAL PROGRAMME REGISTRATION

The school is thrilled to announce the upcoming Cultural Programme in celebration of

our Founder’s Day. We encourage students to showcase their talents and participate in
various events such as dance, music, drama, and more.

Interested students are requested to register their names with the undersigned by May
5, 2024. Please specify the event you wish to participate in at the time of registration.

Let’s come together to make this event a memorable one!

For further details, contact the Cultural Secretary.

Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Student Editor
```

**Magazine Contribution Invitation:**

```
NOTICE
Date: April 23, 2024

CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS: SPECIAL DIAMOND JUBILEE EDITION

Our school is approaching its Diamond Jubilee, and to commemorate this milestone,
we will be publishing a special edition of our school magazine. We invite students,
teachers, and alumni to contribute articles, poems, anecdotes, puzzles, etc.

Please submit your contributions to the magazine office by June 10, 2024. Let’s make
this edition a treasure trove of shared memories and creative expressions!

For submission guidelines, contact the magazine editorial team.

Warm regards,
[Your Name]
Student Editor
```

### IV. EMAIL

**Email to Celebrity:**

```
Subject: Invitation to be the Guest of Honour at Our Founder's Day Celebration

Dear [Celebrity's Name],

I hope this message finds you well. My name is [Your Name], and I am writing on
behalf of [School Name] to cordially invite you to be the guest of honour at our
upcoming Founder's Day celebration on [Date].

Your presence would immensely inspire our students and add a remarkable highlight
to our celebration. We are eager to hear from you and hope you can join us on this
special day.

Looking forward to your positive response.

Warm regards,

[Your Name]
[Your Position]
[Contact Information]
```

**Email to Teachers:**

```
Subject: Seeking Your Suggestions for the Diamond Jubilee Edition of Our School
Magazine

Dear Teachers,

As we prepare to celebrate the school’s Diamond Jubilee, we aim to make the special
edition of our school magazine a memorable one. We highly value your insights and
would appreciate any suggestions you might have regarding content, themes, or
features that could enhance this edition.
Please share your ideas with us by [Date]. Your contributions are crucial to the
success of this project.

Thank you for your continued support and enthusiasm.

Best regards,

[Your Name]
Student Editor
[Contact Information]
```

### V. PREPOSITIONS

**Use of Phrasal Verbs in Sentences:**

1. **Act on** - The committee decided to act on the suggestions provided in the
feedback.
2. **Break out** - News of the celebrity's arrival broke out among the fans.
3. **Bear with** - Please bear with us while we resolve the technical issue.
4. **Call out** - The coach called out instructions from the sidelines.
5. **Call off** - The match was called off due to rain.
6. **Come of** - Nothing good will come of this hurried decision.
7. **Deal in** - That company deals in pharmaceutical products.
8. **Fall out** - They had a disagreement and fell out over the project details.
9. **Lay by** - We need to lay by enough supplies for the winter.
10. **Set in** - The cold weather has set in earlier this year.
11. **Ask around** - I'll ask around to see if anyone knows a good plumber.
12. **Chip in** - Everyone chipped in to help clean up after the event.
13. **Fall apart** - The agreement fell apart after the negotiations failed.
14. **Bear off** - The pilot managed to bear off from the storm.
15. **Set about** - He set about organizing the files for easier access.
16. **Ball up** - The cat balled up the yarn playfully.
17. **Dig in** - They dug in immediately, enjoying the feast before them.
18. **Jazz up** - She jazzed up her outfit with bright accessories.
19. **Lash into** - The manager lashed into the team for not meeting the deadline.
20. **Nail down** - We need to nail down the details of the agreement soon.

### VI. CONJUNCTIONS

**Use of Conjunctions in Sentences:**

1. **Supposing** - Supposing it rains, will the event be moved indoors?

2. **Since** - Since it was getting late, they decided to head home.
3. **Yet** - He is young, yet very skilled in his craft.
4. **However** - She wanted to go to the concert; however, tickets were sold out.
5. **Whereas** - I like to hike, whereas my brother prefers to swim.
6. **As much as** - As much as I enjoy skiing, I have to be careful about my knee.
7. **No less than** - The museum housed no less than a thousand artifacts.
8. **Unless** - Unless you apologize, I won't lend you the book.
9. **Otherwise** - You need to hurry; otherwise, we'll be late.
10. **Hence** - He was not well-prepared, hence his low score.
11. **Therefore** - There is a heavy storm approaching; therefore, the event is
canceled.
12. **Though** - Though it was raining, they went for a walk.
13. **Else** - Do your homework now, else you'll lose playtime.
14. **Still** - It was expensive, but I still bought it.
15. **Till** - Wait till I come back.
16. **Lest** - Speak softly lest you wake the baby.
17. **While** - While I read, he cooked dinner.
18. **In spite of** - In spite of the rain, the event was a success.

### VII. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

**Rules for Changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech:**

1. **Change in Pronouns**: Pronouns in direct speech should be changed to match
the subject or object in the indirect speech sentence.
2. **Change in Tenses**: If the reporting verb is in the past tense, shift the tense of
the verb in the direct statement back:
- Present simple to past simple (e.g., "says" to "said")
- Present continuous to past continuous
- Present perfect to past perfect
- Will to would
3. **Change in Time and Place References**: Words indicating time and place in
direct speech are adjusted:
- "Now" becomes "then"
- "Today" becomes "that day"
- "Tomorrow" becomes "the next day"
- "Yesterday" becomes "the day before"
- "Here" becomes "there"
4. **Adjustments in Reporting Verbs**: Depending on the statement, question, or
exclamation, verbs like say, tell, ask, exclaim, etc., are used appropriately.
5. **Question Formation**: If the direct speech is a question, the indirect form uses a
connecting word (that, if, whether) and the sentence ends with a period instead of a
question mark.
6. **Exclamations and Commands**: Exclamations and commands in direct speech
are transformed into statements or requests/instructions in indirect speech.

**Change 15 Sentences from Direct to Indirect Speech:**

1. **Direct**: "I am going to the store," he said.

**Indirect**: He said that he was going to the store.
2. **Direct**: "Do you need anything?" she asked.
**Indirect**: She asked if I needed anything.

3. **Direct**: "I will help you tomorrow," Tom promised.

**Indirect**: Tom promised that he would help me the next day.

4. **Direct**: "I have finished my homework," Mary said.

**Indirect**: Mary said that she had finished her homework.

5. **Direct**: "We were waiting for the bus when he called," they explained.
**Indirect**: They explained that they had been waiting for the bus when he called.

6. **Direct**: "I can't see the board," he complained.

**Indirect**: He complained that he couldn't see the board.

7. **Direct**: "I won't go to the party," she stated.

**Indirect**: She stated that she wouldn't go to the party.

8. **Direct**: "He doesn't understand the instructions," the teacher said.

**Indirect**: The teacher said that he didn't understand the instructions.

9. **Direct**: "I'll see you here tomorrow," she reminded.

**Indirect**: She reminded me that she would see me there the next day.

10. **Direct**: "Are you coming with us?" he inquired.

**Indirect**: He inquired whether I was coming with them.

11. **Direct**: "I have been learning French for two years," he mentioned.
**Indirect**: He mentioned that he had been learning French for two years.

12. **Direct**: "We should start early," she suggested.

**Indirect**: She suggested that we should start early.

13. **Direct**: "I must go now," he said.

**Indirect**: He said that he had to go then.

14. **Direct**: "Did you see the movie last night?" he asked.
**Indirect**: He asked if I had seen the movie the night before.

15. **Direct**: "You must finish your assignment," the teacher ordered.
**Indirect**: The teacher ordered them to finish their assignment.

### VIII. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

**Rules for Changing Active to Passive Voice:**

1. **Identify the Object**: The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of
the passive sentence.
2. **Verb Changes**:
- The verb form changes to be composed of a form of "be" (am, is, are, was, were,
etc.) followed by the past participle of the main verb.
- Tense is retained from the active voice.
3. **Reposition the Subject**: The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent
in the passive sentence, introduced by "by".
4. **Omit the Subject**: When the agent is obvious or unimportant, it is often omitted
in the passive voice.

**Change 15 Sentences from Active to Passive Voice:**

1. **Active**: The chef prepares the meal.

**Passive**: The meal is prepared by the chef.

2. **Active**: They built the house in 1998.

**Passive**: The house was built in 1998.

3. **Active**: She writes the emails every morning.

**Passive**: The emails are written by her every morning.

4. **Active**: The teacher corrected the tests.

**Passive**: The tests were corrected by the teacher.

5. **Active**: The gardener is planting new flowers.

**Passive**: New flowers are being planted by the gardener.

6. **Active**: They have finished the project.

**Passive**: The project has been finished.

7. **Active**: He was washing the car.

**Passive**: The car was being washed by him.

8. **Active**: The kids are playing a game.

**Passive**: A game is being played by the kids.

9. **Active**: They will announce the results tomorrow.

**Passive**: The results will be announced tomorrow.

10. **Active**: She sent the letter yesterday.

**Passive**: The letter was sent by her yesterday.

11. **Active**: The company employs 200 workers.

**Passive**: Two hundred workers are employed by the company.
12. **Active**: The choir sang the anthem.
**Passive**: The anthem was sung by the choir.

13. **Active**: Someone stole my wallet.

**Passive**: My wallet was stolen.

14. **Active**: They had postponed the meeting.

**Passive**: The meeting had been postponed.

15. **Active**: The scientists are researching new technologies.

**Passive**: New technologies are being researched by the scientists.

### IX. TOO... TO/SO... THAT:

**Rules:**
1. **Too... to**: Used to express a situation where something is excessive and
therefore prevents an action or state. It follows the structure:
- [Subject] + [be/is/are/was/were] + too + [adjective] + to + [verb].
2. **So... that**: Used to show cause and effect, indicating that something is the case
to such a degree that it leads to another situation. It follows the structure:
- [Subject] + [be/is/are/was/were] + so + [adjective] + that + [clause].

**Examples:**
1. **Too... to**: The box is too heavy to lift.
2. **Too... to**: He was too tired to go to work.
3. **Too... to**: This coffee is too hot to drink right now.
4. **Too... to**: She was too upset to speak about the incident.
5. **Too... to**: The film was too long to watch in one sitting.

6. **So... that**: He was so tired that he fell asleep in the chair.

7. **So... that**: The cake was so delicious that we ate it all in one sitting.
8. **So... that**: It was so cold that the water pipes froze.
9. **So... that**: She spoke so quietly that we could hardly hear her.
10. **So... that**: The news was so shocking that everyone was speechless.

### X. IF... / UNLESS

**Rules:**
1. **If**: Used to discuss conditions where one thing depends on another. The
general structure includes a conditional clause starting with "if" and a main clause
which tells what will happen if the condition is met.
2. **Unless**: Acts as the negative form of "if" and means "if not." It introduces a
condition that must not happen for the main part of the sentence to occur.

**Examples:**
1. **If**: If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
2. **If**: If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
3. **If**: If she hurries, she can catch the bus.
4. **If**: If you heat ice, it melts.
5. **If**: If he calls you, let me know.

6. **Unless**: Unless you apologize, I won’t forgive you.

7. **Unless**: Unless we leave now, we will be late.
8. **Unless**: You won’t pass the test unless you study.
9. **Unless**: She won’t come unless you invite her.
10. **Unless**: We will not go to the beach unless the weather improves.

### XI. AS SOON AS.../ NO SOONER...

**Rules:**
1. **As soon as**: Indicates that an action will follow immediately after another.
Both actions are often in the future.
2. **No sooner... than**: Used to show that one event follows another immediately.
The structure is a little formal, often used with a past perfect in the first part and
simple past in the second part.

**Examples:**
1. **As soon as**: As soon as he arrives, we will start the meeting.
2. **As soon as**: I will call you as soon as I get home.
3. **As soon as**: She started cooking as soon as she finished cleaning.
4. **As soon as**: They cheered as soon as the winner was announced.
5. **As soon as**: He apologized as soon as he realized his mistake.

6. **No sooner... than**: No sooner had I stepped outside than it began to rain.
7. **No sooner... than**: No sooner had she completed her speech than the applause
started.
8. **No sooner... than**: No sooner had we sat down to eat than the phone rang.
9. **No sooner... than**: No sooner had the movie started than the power went out.
10. **No sooner... than**: No sooner had they announced the engagement than the
congratulations poured in.

### XII. DEGREES OF COMPARISON

**Rules:**
1. **Positive Degree**: This is the base form of the adjective or adverb. It makes no
comparison and simply describes the quality of a noun (e.g., "tall," "smart").
2. **Comparative Degree**: Used to compare two things, showing which has more or
less of the quality. It typically adds "-er" to shorter adjectives or uses "more" with
longer adjectives (e.g., "taller," "more intelligent").
3. **Superlative Degree**: Used to compare three or more things, indicating the
extreme level of a quality. It typically adds "-est" to shorter adjectives or uses "most"
with longer adjectives (e.g., "tallest," "most intelligent").
**Examples:**
1. Positive: John is tall.
Comparative: John is taller than Bob.
Superlative: John is the tallest in the class.

2. Positive: She is intelligent.

Comparative: She is more intelligent than her brother.
Superlative: She is the most intelligent in her family.

3. Positive: This book is interesting.

Comparative: This book is more interesting than that one.
Superlative: This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.

4. Positive: He is fast.
Comparative: He is faster than his friend.
Superlative: He is the fastest runner in the team.

5. Positive: It is a cold day.

Comparative: Today is colder than yesterday.
Superlative: Today is the coldest day of the year.

6. Positive: She is happy.

Comparative: She is happier today than she was yesterday.
Superlative: She is the happiest she has ever been.

7. Positive: That car is expensive.

Comparative: That car is more expensive than this one.
Superlative: That is the most expensive car in the showroom.

8. Positive: This task is difficult.

Comparative: This task is more difficult than the last one.
Superlative: This is the most difficult task I've ever done.

9. Positive: He is careful.
Comparative: He is more careful than his brother.
Superlative: He is the most careful among his peers.

10. Positive: The coffee is hot.

Comparative: This coffee is hotter than the one I had earlier.
Superlative: This is the hottest coffee I’ve ever had.

### XIII. SIMPLE, COMPOUND, AND COMPLEX SENTENCES

**Rules:**
1. **Simple Sentences**: Contains one independent clause (a complete thought that
can stand alone with a subject and a verb).
2. **Compound Sentences**: Contains two or more independent clauses connected
by coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
3. **Complex Sentences**: Contains one independent clause and at least one
dependent clause (which cannot stand alone and is connected by subordinating
conjunctions like because, although, since, etc.).

**Examples:**
1. Simple: The dog barked.
2. Compound: The dog barked, and the cat hissed.
3. Complex: The dog barked because it saw a stranger.

4. Simple: She sings beautifully.

5. Compound: She sings beautifully, and she plays the piano.
6. Complex: She sings beautifully whenever she is happy.

7. Simple: I finished my homework.

8. Compound: I finished my homework, so I went for a walk.
9. Complex: I went for a walk after I finished my homework.

10. Simple: It is raining.

11. Compound: It is raining, but I am still going out.
12. Complex: Although it is raining, I am going out.

13. Simple: He likes coffee.

14. Compound: He likes coffee, yet he avoids it late at night.
15. Complex: Although he likes coffee, he avoids it late at night because it keeps him
awake.

### AV. LITERARY DEVICES

**Definition and Examples:**

1. **Alliteration**: The repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighboring words or

syllables.
Example: "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."

2. **Hyperbole**: An exaggerated statement or claim not meant to be taken literally,

used for emphasis or effect.
Example: "I've told you a million times not to exaggerate!"

3. **Irony**: A literary technique where the intended meaning of words or actions is

opposite to their literal or expected meaning.
Example: "The fire station burned down."
4. **Metaphor**: A figure of speech that directly compares two unrelated things by
stating that one thing is another.
Example: "Her voice is music to my ears."

5. **Metonymy**: The substitution of the name of an attribute or associated concept

for that of the thing meant.
Example: "The White House issued a statement" (referring to the President or
government).

6. **Oxymoron**: A figure of speech that combines contradictory terms in a brief

phrase.
Example: "Jumbo shrimp" or "bittersweet."

7. **Personification**: A figure of speech where human qualities are attributed to

non-human entities.
Example: "The flowers danced in the gentle breeze."

8. **Simile**: A figure of speech that compares two unlike things using "like" or
"as."
Example: "She was as brave as a lion."

9. **Pun**: A play on words that exploits the different meanings of a word or the
similar meanings of words with different sounds.
Example: "I'm reading a book on anti-gravity. It's impossible to put down!"

10. **Onomatopoeia**: The formation of a word from a sound associated with what
is named.
Example: "Buzz," "crash," "bang."

11. **Paradox**: A statement that seems contradictory or absurd, but upon closer
inspection, may reveal a deeper truth.
Example: "Less is more."

12. **Synecdoche**: A figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the

whole or vice versa.
Example: "All hands on deck" (referring to sailors).