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COLLEGE/DEPARTMENT: DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

SUBJECT: AR 131L | AR I-3D-F | ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 1-INTRODUCTION TO
DESIGN
TIME SCHEDULE: Lecture: 7:30 AM- 8:50 AM Tuesday, Studio: 8:50 AM - 11:30 AM TThS
Room: S431

RESEARCH WORK NO.: RSW No. F1

RESEARCH WORK TITLE: “SPLIT-LEVEL RESIDENTIAL HOUSE”
RESEARCH WORK DUE: JULY 2, 2024

Reference/s:
Book:
 McAlester, V. (2015). A Field Guide to American Houses. Alfred A. Knopf.
 Baker, J. M. (2017). American House Styles: A Concise Guide. W.W. Norton &
Company.
 Ching, F. D. K. (2014). Architecture: Form, Space, and Order. John Wiley & Sons.
 Ames, D. L., & McClelland, L. F. (2002). Historic Residential Suburbs: Guidelines
for Evaluation and Documentation for the National Register of Historic Places. U.S.
Department of the Interior.
 Poppeliers, J. C., & Chambers, S. (2003). What Style Is It? A Guide to American
Architecture. John Wiley & Sons.
Web Source:
“March District House”. Kit Architects. 2013. From
https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2014/07/March-District-House-by-
Kit_dezeen_784_2.jpg
 G.J. Gardner Homes Floor Plan. 2024. From
https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Vjq3YJ2wc2Nt5yq4Jshsk17y3D0_KulD7YPEAl
LQ-opOMKGKWXTUAvitQgDua8GS6xHToVRduj73xj1WTCkjvhgtluBE-
N3JGPea5hGPDNMh5mEhAR1buDUCLpYYcA
STUDENT: RIMANDO, LOVELY BLESS A.

INSTRUCTOR: Ar. N.K. Latogan. MS Arch.

I. Introduction/background:
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Split-level residential houses, a distinctive architectural style, emerged prominently in the mid-
20th century. Characterized by staggered floor levels connected by short flights of stairs, these homes
maximize spatial efficiency and offer a unique blend of open and private spaces. The design typically
includes a lower level for recreation or family rooms, a mid-level for common areas such as the
kitchen and living room, and an upper level dedicated to bedrooms. This layout promotes functional
separation while maintaining a cohesive aesthetic. (McAlester, V., 2015)

The appeal of split-level homes lies in their adaptability to various site conditions and family
dynamics. They provide an effective solution for sloped lots, using the natural terrain to create
distinct living zones without the need for extensive grading. The architectural design also enhances
natural light distribution and ventilation, making the home feel more spacious and inviting. This
efficient use of space and light is a key factor in the enduring popularity of split-level homes. (Baker,
J. M., 2017)

Historically, split-level homes gained traction in suburban areas during the post-World War II
housing boom, reflecting the era's desire for innovative residential designs that addressed evolving
lifestyle needs. The style has since evolved, incorporating modern elements such as open floor plans
and energy-efficient features. Understanding the significance of split-level homes in architectural
history provides valuable insights into their continued relevance and appeal in contemporary
residential design. (Ching, F. D. K.,2014)

II. Objectives of this research:

This research aims to explore the architectural and functional aspects of split-level residential
houses, providing insights into their design principles and relevance in modern housing. By
examining the historical context and evolution of this architectural style, the paper intends to
highlight the unique benefits that split-level homes offer in terms of spatial organization and
adaptability. The objectives of this research are as follows:

1. To analyze the historical development of split-level residential houses and their impact on
suburban architecture.

2. To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of split-level homes in comparison to other

residential styles.

3. To illustrate a sample floor plan of the split-level.

III. Contents of the research topic:

This section delves into the specifics of split-level residential houses, addressing the objectives
outlined earlier. It will provide a comprehensive analysis of the historical context, design features,
and the practical benefits and challenges of split-level homes. By examining these aspects, the
research aims to enhance understanding of the split-level style and its place in contemporary
architecture.

Historical Development of Split-Level Residential Houses and Their Impact on Suburban

Architecture
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Image 1. March District House, From https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2014/07/March-District-House-by-Kit_dezeen_784_2.jpg

Split-level residential houses originated in the mid-20th century, gaining popularity in the post-
World War II housing boom. This era saw a significant rise in suburban development, with families
seeking affordable and efficient housing solutions. The split-level design, characterized by staggered
floor levels connected by short flights of stairs, offered a practical solution for sloped lots and
maximized the use of available space. (Ames, D. L., & McClelland, L. F., 2002)

The architectural style was innovative, providing distinct living zones that catered to various
family activities. This separation of spaces allowed for privacy while maintaining an open feel, a
departure from the traditional single-story ranch homes. The design efficiently integrated living,
dining, and recreational areas, enhancing family dynamics and promoting a modern lifestyle.

The introduction of split-level residential houses had a significant impact on suburban architecture,
shaping the development and aesthetic of mid-20th century neighborhoods. This architectural style
emerged as a response to the changing needs of post-World War II families, who desired more space
and a modern lifestyle within the constraints of suburban plots. Split-level homes, with their
staggered floor levels and efficient use of space, offered a practical and appealing solution.

One of the key impacts of split-level houses on suburban architecture was the diversification of
housing styles. Before their introduction, suburban neighborhoods were dominated by single-story
ranch homes and traditional two-story houses. Split-level designs provided an alternative that broke
the monotony of these layouts, offering a visually interesting and functional variation. The staggered
floors allowed for a separation of living spaces without requiring a large footprint, making them ideal
for the smaller lots common in suburban areas.

Additionally, the design of split-level homes promoted a more efficient use of natural light and
ventilation. Large windows and open floor plans became integral components, enhancing the sense of
space and bringing more natural light into the home. This emphasis on light and openness influenced
broader trends in suburban architecture, encouraging the incorporation of these elements into other
housing styles. The practical and aesthetic innovations introduced by split-level homes have had a
lasting influence, contributing to the evolution of suburban residential design. (Ching, F. D. K., 2014)
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Split-Level Homes Compared to Other Residential Styles

Advantages
1. Efficient Use of Space
Split-level homes maximize space on smaller lots by utilizing multiple levels, which allows
for more living space without a larger footprint.
2. Zoned Living Areas
The separation of living, sleeping, and recreational areas provides privacy and reduces noise,
making them ideal for families.
3. Natural Light and Ventilation
Large windows and open layouts enhance natural light and airflow, creating a bright and airy
environment.
Disadvantages
1. Accessibility Challenges
Multiple levels and stairs can be difficult for individuals with mobility issues, making these
homes less suitable for aging in place.
2. Complex Floor Plans
The staggered layout may feel confusing or inconvenient for some, especially when moving
between levels frequently.
3. Renovation Limitations
Remodeling split-level homes can be challenging due to structural constraints, potentially
limiting design flexibility compared to other styles like ranch or bungalow homes.
Image 2. G.J. Gardner Home Floor Plan, From
https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Vjq3YJ2wc2Nt5yq4Jshsk17y3D0_KulD7YPEAlLQ-

opOMKGKWXTUAvitQgDua8GS6xHToVRduj73xj1WTCkjvhgtluBE-N3JGPea5hGPDNMh5mEhAR1buDUCLpYYcA

When you design structures with split levels, you could face problems when
placing elements that belong to more than one level, such as multi-story walls or stairs. Multi-story
walls have also one home story like all the other Archicad elements, but due to their openings, they
could be tied to several other stories too. Accordingly, in the case of split-level design issues working
with calculations and schedules can require some extra attention. On split levels the automatic listing
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of doors and windows may not self-organize as expected: when designing a split-level house, you
often use multi-story elements. If these have openings, it might seem so in the schedules that they are
not always assigned to the wall they are placed in. The reason behind this is that doors and windows
are displayed in the schedules according to the story where their midline belongs. (Poppeliers, J. C.,
& Chambers, S., 2003).