NAME: RIMANDO, LOVELY BLESS A.
DATE: 06/01/23 COURSE: MEXE I-3-F
THEORIES PROPONENTS KEY CONCEPTS
From the bottom of the
hierarchy upwards, the
needs are: physiological
(food and clothing), safety
(job security), love and
MASLOW’S THEORY Abraham Maslow
belonging needs
(friendship), esteem, and
self-actualization
Children's pleasure-seeking
urges are focused on a
different area of the body,
Psychosexual Theory of
Sigmund Freud called an erogenous zone,
Development
at each of the five stages of
development: oral, anal,
phallic, latency, and genital.
Piaget's theory of cognitive
development is based on
the belief that a child gains
thinking skills in four stages:
sensorimotor,
Theory of Cognitive Jean Piaget
preoperational, concrete
Development
operational, and formal
operational. These stages
roughly correspond to
specific ages, from birth to
adulthood.
preconventional,
Kohlberg's theory of moral Lawrence Kohlberg
conventional, and
development
postconventional
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
SOURCE OF
"MENTALLY HEALTHY"
MALADJUSTMENT
PERSON
A mentally healthy
Limited and biased
person exhibits self-
sample of self-
actualization, autonomy,
actualized individuals,
growth, and creativity,
overlooking cultural
and is motivated by
and individual
personal fulfillment
differences. And lack
rather than external
of empirical evidence.
rewards.
Unfalsiability and A mentally healthy
overemphasis on early person has a strong
childhood experiences sense of identity and has
as determinants of successfully resolves
personality and each psychosexual stage
behavior. of development.
Underestimating the Ability to engage in
role of culture and logical and abstract
social interactions in reasoning, consider
shaping cognitive multiple perspectives,
development and and adapt beliefs and
overemphasis on behaviors based on new
individual differences. information.
Neglect of non- Ability to think
Western cultural abstractly, consider
 perspectives, gender multiple perspectives,
bias, lack of attention and base moral
to behavior, and decisions on universal
limited age range ethical principles, not
studied. just external rules.
people hold beliefs about Lack of clear Individuals who exhibit
what they're really like— empirical evidence congruence between
their actual self—as well as
and failure to consider their actual, ideal, and
Self-Discrepancy Theory Edward Higgins what they would ideally like
to be—their ideal self—and cultural influences of ought selves, and
what they think they should self-discrepancy and possess flexibility in self-
be—their ought self self-evaluation. evaluation.

REFERENCE:
Hock, R. R. (2013). Forty studies that changed psychology: Explorations into the history of psychological research (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Keith, K. D. (Ed.). (2013). The encyclopedia of cross-cultural psychology (Vols. 1, 2, 3).

Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Keith, K. D. (2012). Student handbook to psychology: Vol. 1. History, perspectives, and applications. New York, NY: Facts on File.

Kuther, T. L., & Morgan, R. D. (2013). Careers in psychology: Opportunities in a changing world (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.