The steam boiler is heated by fuel oil, which is assumed to contain only carbon and

hydrogen. Air is supplied to the burner at 4°C and 0,1 MPa. The average result of the analysis
of the anhydrous fraction of the flue gas is 12,9 % CO 2 by volume, 3,8 % O2 by volume and
the rest N2. The flue gas temperature at the base of the stack is 293°C and the pressure is
also 0,1 MPa.
Calculate:
a) Excess air.
b) The mass percentage of carbon in the fuel oil.
c) The supply air consumption in m3 per kg of fuel oil.
d) Volume of flue gas at the base of the stack in m3 per 1 kg of fuel oil.
Results:
a) Excess air is 20.7 %.
b) The carbon content of the fuel oil is 87,7 % by weight.
c) Air consumption is 13,8 m3 per 1 kg of fuel oil.
d) The volume of flue gas is 29,5 m3 per 1 kg of fuel oil.
Calculate the pressure drop when hydrogen flows through a new steel pipe of 1.2 km length
and 250 mm internal diameter. Hydrogen flows at a mean velocity of 20 m.s -1. The pipe has
seventeen 90° bends, seven 180° bends with large radius of curvature and five open scopes.
How will the pressure drop change if the pipe is severely corroded? Calculate the local
resistances using equivalent lengths of pipe. The mean hydrogen temperature is 30°C, the
mean pressure is 0.588 MPa.
Result:
The pressure drop in the new pipe is 10,3 kPa. Corrosion of the pipe increases this pressure
drop by a factor of about 1.45.
Drawing:

(drawing of the water pipeline between the waterworks and the plant)
Calculate the amount of water at 20°C that a centrifugal pump can deliver under the
following conditions: water is pumped from one open tank to another and their levels are
16.7 m apart vertically. The pipeline is 100 m long, has an internal diameter of 100 mm and
incorporates a suction basket, a straight shut-off valve and three 90° elbows. The pump
characteristics are given in the table. For the calculation, assume that the coefficient of
friction in the pipe has a constant value of 0,038 in the volume flow range 400 to 1000 l.min -
1
. Use the local resistance coefficients in the calculation.

Characteristics of the centrifugal pump:

V / l.m-1 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

HC+ / m 23 23,5 23,8 23 21,8 19,8 17

Result:
At the specified pumping conditions, the centrifugal pump delivers 710 l.min -1 of water to
the pipe network.
Calculate the length of the pipe bundle in a countercurrent bundle exchanger in which 0.004
m3.s-1 of methanol is cooled from 65°C to 25°C (the volume is measured at 25°C). The cooling
water enters at 19°C and flows through the intertube space at 0.6 m.s -1. The bundle consists
of 25 steel tubes with an outer diameter of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 16 mm,
enclosed in a casing consisting of a tube with an inner diameter of 200 mm.
Result:
The required length of the bundle is 12,4 m. The exchanger would need to be divided into
two or three sections connected in series.