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Solutions Advanced Level Problem Solving - 2333

JEE 2023 | Mathematics
Syllabus: Differential Calculus-2, Integral Calculus-1

1.(A) Suppose the line lx  my  1 is normal to the curve at ( x1, y1) . Then
 y1
Equation of normal at ( x1, y1) to y 2  4ax is y  y  ( x  x1 )
2a
That is xy1  2ay  (2ay1  x1 y1 )  0
is normal at ( x1, y1) . But lx  my  1 is normal at ( x1, y1)
y1 2a 2ay1  x1 y1
 
l m 1
2al 1 1  2al
Solving we get y1  & x1   2a 
m l l
From equation (i) we have y1  4ax1. Therefore
2

4a 2l 2 (1  2al )
2
 4a  l 3a  m2  2alm2  l 3a  2alm2  m2
m l
dx
2.(C) Differentiating the given equation we get  a ( sin   sin    cos )  a cos 
d
dy
 a (cos   cos    sin )  a sin 
d
 dy  dy / d 
We can suppose that cos   0 so that     tan 
 dx  dx / d
Therefore, the equation of the normal is
y  a (sin    cos )   cot [ x  a(cos    sin )]
On simplification, we have x cos   y sin   a whose distance from (0,0) is a.
(| x | 1)(| x | 2)
3.(C) g ( x) 
(| x | 3)(| x | 4)
g ( x) is an even function as there is an extrema at x  0
Also, number of extrema for x  0 will be equal to number of extrema for x  0 for x  0
( x  1)( x  2)
g ( x) 
( x  3)( x  4)
Number of extrema = 2
 Total extrema = 5

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4.(AC) Since f is differentiable, h is also differentiable. Also

 1  1
2
h '( x)  f '( x)[1  2 f ( x)  3( f ( x)) ]  3 f '( x)  f ( x)    
2
 3  9 
h '( x)  0 if f '( x )  0
h '( x)  0 if f '( x )  0
So, h is increasing or decreasing according as f is increasing or decreasing.

5.(BC) Suppose ax  by  c  0 is normal to the curve xy  1 at ( x1, y1 ) . Differentiating xy  1 with respect x

1
we have 
dy 
 
 dx ( x1 , y1 ) x12
( x1 y1  1  x1  0 & y1  0) . Therefore, equation of the normal at ( x1, y1) is

y  y1  x12 ( x  x1 )  x12 x  y  y1  x13  0

a b c a
But ax  by  c  0 is the normal at ( x1, y1) Therefore      x12  0
x12 1 y1  x1
3 b
So, a and b must have opposite signs. This means a  0, b  0 or a  0, b  0

6.(A) Let ( x)  ex f ( x) so that

(a)  is continuous on [ a , b]
(b) Differentiable in (a, b)
(c) (a )  (b) (
f ( a)  f (b)  0)
Therefore, by Rolle’s theorem  '(c )  0 for some c  (a, b). Then
ec [f (c)  f '(c)]  0  f '(c)  f (c)  0
That is, for each , there corresponds c  (a, b) such that
f '(c)  f (c)  0
That is, f '( x )   f ( x )  0 is solvable forever real  . Hence (A) is correct.
n 1
a x a1x n a2 x n 1 a x2
7.(C) Let F ( x)  0    ....  n 1  an x
n 1 n n 1 2
Obviously F ( x ) is continuous and differentiable for al real x. Also (by hypothesis) F (0)  0 and
F (1)  0. Therefore by Rolle’s theorem (using on [0, 1]), F '(c)  0 for some c  (0,1). That is
a0c n  a1c n 1  a2c n  2  ....  an  0, 0  c  1
n 1
That is a0 x  a1x  .....  an  0 has a root in (0, 1). So, (C) is correct.
n

8.(C) We have, f ( x)  2 x3  x 2  4 x  2 Clearly


f  2 0 f   2
Using Rolle’s theorem on   2,
  
2  , we get f '(c)  0 for some c   2, 2 . Therefore

6c 2  2c  4  0  3c 2  c  2  0  (3c  2)(c  1)  0
So, c  1, 2 / 3 and both values belong to  2, 2 ,  
Hence (C) is correct

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9.(1) Clearly f ( x)  2 & f ( x)  2, if cos x  1 and cos 2  1. This happens when x  0. Also
cos x  1  x  2m
n
cos 2 x  1  2 x  2n  2m  x   mn0
2
Therefore at x  0 only f ( x ) is maximum
10.(1) If 0    1, then x  (, )  f ( x)  f (0)  1
Hence f is locally maximum at x  0

dy
11.(B)  3 x 2  4 x  C1
dx
dy 
y  x3  2 x 2  C1x  C2 Also,  0 & y ]at x 1  5
dx  at x 1

12.(B) Observe that both x and y are positive. Differentiating the given equation w.r.t. x we have
dy y

dx x
 dy  y
Therefore,    1
 dx ( x1 , y1 ) x1

y1 x y
Now equation of the tangent at ( x1, y1) is y  y1   ( x  x1 )   2
x1 x1 y1

Therefore, the sum of the intercepts is 2 x1  2 y1  2  

x1  y1  2  2  4

13.(D) Suppose ( x1, y1) is a point on the curve at which the normal makes intercepts on the axes that are
numerically equal. Differentiating y 2  x3 w.r.t. x we get

dy 3x 2

dx 2 y
 dy  3x12
So that,   
 dx ( x1 , y1 ) 2 y1
Therefore,
2 y1
Slope of the normal at ( x1, y1 ) 
3 x12
Since the intercepts of the normal are numerically equal, we have slope   1. Therefore
2 y1 4
2
 1  2 y1   3x12  2 x13/ 2   3x12  x1 
3 x1 9
8  4 8   4 8 
This gives y1   . Since the curve is symmetric about x-axis the points are  ,  or  ,  .
27  9 27   9 27 

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14.(AD) Differentiating the curve equation w.r.t. we get

dy dy dy 2 dy 2 x
3y2  6 x  12 ; ( y  4)  2 x ;  2
dx dx dx dx y  4

Tangent is vertical  y 2  4  y   2

So, y   2  ( 8)  3x 2  12( 2)
24  8 16 4
x2   ( y  2  x 2  0)  x  
3 3 3
15.(AB) Differentiating y  x 4  6 x3  13x 2  10 x we get
dy
 4 x3  18 x 2  26 x  10
dx
Since, the slope of the line y  2 x is 2, we have

4 x3  18 x 2  26 x  10  2  2 x3  9 x 2  13x  6  0
Clearly x  1 is a root. So ( x  1)(2 x 2  7 x  6)  0  ( x  1)( x  2)(2 x  3)  0
Therefore x  1, x  2, x  3 / 2. So the points are (1,3), (2,5), (3/2,15/6) at which the tangent are
parallel to the line y  2 x and the tangents at (1,3) and (2,5) are same and the common tangent is
y  2 x  1.

16.(C) Clearly f is continuous at x  1 because

lim f ( x)  ( 1  2)3  1
x  1

lim f ( x)  ( 1) 2/3  1

x  1

3( x  2)2 for  3  x  1


f ( x)  2 1/3
 x for  1  x  2
3
f '(1 )  3(1  2)2  3
2 2
f '( x  1 )  (1)  
3 3
Imply that f is not differentiable at x  1 and f '(0) does not exists. Hence 1 and 0 are critical
points. Further f '( 2)  0 gives that 2 is also a critical point. Hence all the critical points of f are
2,  1,0.
At x  2 : f '( x ) keeps the same sign so that f has no local extremum value at x  2.
At x  1
x  1  f '( x)  0
2 1/3
x  1  f '( x)  x 0
3
Therefore, f has local maximum at x  1
At x  0

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2 1/3
x  0  f '( x)  x 0
3
x  0  f '( x)  0
Hence f has local minimum at x  0
Therefore, f has no local maximum and one local minimum. Hence (C) is correct

x2 y 2
17.(D) Now  1
a2 a2
dy b2 x
Differentiating with respect to x we get,  2
dx a y
We can see that x  a cos , y  b sin  are the parametric equations of the curve
x2 y 2
 1
a 2 b2
 dy  b 2 (a cos ) b
Therefore,    2   cot 
 dx e a (b sin ) a
The equation of the tangent at ( a cos , b sin ) is
b sin 
y  b sin    ( x  a cos )  (b cos ) x  (a sin ) y  ab
a sin 
x y
 cos   sin   1
b b
Therefore, area of the triangle formed by the tangent and the axes is
1  a  b 
    ab | cosec2 |  ab
2  cos   sin  
It equals so ab when 2 is an odd multiple of  / 2. Hence (D) is correct.

dy
18.(D) Differentiating y  x 2  6 we get  2x
dx
dy
At (1, 7) we have  2(1)  2
dx
Therefore, the equation of the tangent at (1, 7) is
y  7  2( x  1)  2 x  y  5  0 …(i)
From equation (i), we have y  2 x  5 . Substituting this value of y in the second curve equation we get
x 2  (2 x  5)2  16 x  12(2 x  5)  c  0
c
 5 x 2  60 x  85  c  0  x 2  12 x  17   0 …(ii)
5
The line given by equation (ii) touches the second curve if and only if the quadratic equation has equal
roots. This means Quadratic equation has equal roots
 c
 144  4 17    0  c  95
 5
Therefore, the second curve equation is x 2  y 2  16 x  12 y  95  0
Now, it can be verified that (6,  7) is the only common point for the line given by equation (i) and the
second curve. Hence (D) is correct.

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19.(2) (1, 0) is a point of intersection of the curves.

dy 1  dy 
Now, y  3 x 1 log e x   3x 1 log e x  3x 1      0 1 1
dx x  dx (1,0)
dy  dy 
Again y  x x  1   x x (1  log e x)    1
dx  dx (1,0)
Therefore, the slopes of the two curves at (1, 0) are equal. Hence, they touch each other at (1, 0). This
implies that cos   1 or 2cos   2.

x4
20.(7) Let I   4  x5
dx

2
Put 4  x5  t 2 so that x 4 dx  tdt
5
2 2 2
I
5  dt  t  c 
5 5
4  x5  c
p 2
  pq7
q 5

21.(D) Since f ( x ) is differentiable. F ( x ) is also differentiable. Hence

f '( x  a) f '( x  2a) f '( x  3a)
F '( x)  f (a) f (2a) f (3a)
f '(a) f '(2a) f '(3a)
and F '(0)  0 ( Two rows are identical)
F ( x)  0 
Now lim is   form. Therefore
x0 x 0
F ( x) F ( x)
lim  lim  F '(0)  0
x0 x x 0 1

22.(D) Differentiating y  x 2  x  1 w.r.t. we get

dy
 2x  1
dx
 dy 
Therefore,    2 x1  1
 dx  P ( x1 , y1 )
From y  x3  x 2  2 x  1
 dy 
   3x22  2 x2  2
 Q ( x2 , y2 )
dx
 dy   dy 
      2 x1  3 x2  2 x2  1  3x2  2 x2  (1  2 x1 )  0
2 2
 dx  P  dx Q
So, there will be infinitely many values of x1 such that the above quadratic equation in x2 has real
2
solutions, because its discriminant 4  12(1  2 x1 )  0 for all x1 
3

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1 1
23.(A) We have, 
1  x 1  x2
 x 2  x  0  x  0,1
Therefore, the common points are (0,1) and (1,1/2). Now
1 dy 1
y  
1 x dx (1  x)2
 dy 
   1
 dx (0,1)
1  dy 
y   0
1 x 2
 dx (0,1)
Therefore at (0,1) the tangent to the second curve is horizontal

dx
24.(D) Let I   x 2  a 2 ( x  a)
Put x  a  1/ t so that dx  (1 / t 2 )dt. Therefore
1  1 
I   2  dt
1 
2
2 1
t 
  a   a  
t  t
 
dt 1  (1  2at ) (1/2) 1 
    c
1  2at 2a  1
 1 
 2 
1 1 2a 1 xa
 1  2at  c   1  c  c
a a xa a xa

dx
25.(A) Let I   ( x  3)2 x2  6 x  4
Put x  3  1/ t so that dx  (1 / t 2 ) dt. Therefore

t2  1
I    2  dt
1 
2
1   t 
  3  6  3  4
t  t 
t
  dt
(1  3t ) 2  6t (1  3t )  4t 2
t 1
  dt  1  5t 2  c
1  5t 2 5
1
where t 
x3

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dx
26.(BC) Let I   sin x  sec x
cos x
 dx
sin x cos x  1
2cos x
 dx
2  2sin x cos x
(cos x  sin x)  (cos x  sin x)
 dx
2  2sin x cos x
cos x  sin x cos x  sin x
 dx   dx
2  2sin x cos x 2  2sin x cos x
cos x  sin x cos x  sin x
 dx   dx
3  (sin x  cos x) 2
1  (sin x  cos x 2
dt dz
 
3t 2
1  z2
t  sin x  cos x
z  sin x  cos x

27.(AC) Differentiating the given equation with respect to x we get

dy dy
2y  6 x2  4 0
dx dx
dy 3x 2
 
dx y  2
 dy  3h2
  
 dx ( h, k ) k  2
Now equation of the tangent at ( h, k ) is

3h2
yk  ( x  h)
k 2
This tangent passes through the point (1,2). This implies
3h2
2k  (1  h)
k 2
3h3  3h 2  2k  4  k 2  2k  0 …(i)
Also, ( h, k ) lies on the curve. This implies

k 2  2 h3  4 k  8  0 …(ii)
Adding equation (i) and (ii), we have
h3  3h 2  4  0
 (h  1)(h  2)2  0  h  1, 2
Now, h  1  k is imaginary. So
h  2 & k  22 3
Hence the slopes are  2 3

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28.(BCD) Differentiating the given curve we have

dy
 2ax  b
dx
Since the line y  x touches the curve, at the point x  1, we have
dy
1  2a  b
dx
 2a  b  1 …(i)
Also, (1,1) lies on the curve implies
a  b  c 1 …(ii)
Again, the curve passes through the point (-1, 0) implies
a  b  c 1 …(iii)
1 1 1
Solving equation (i) – (iii), we get a  ,b ,c
4 2 4
(tan 1 x)2
29.(6) We have  dx   t 2dt where t  tan 1 x
1 x 2

1 1
 t 3  c  (tan 1 x)3  c
3 3
So m  n  3  3  6

1
1
x 1
2
x2
30.(1) Let I  x x 4  3x 2  1

1
dx
x  2 3
2
x
Put x  (1 / x)  t. Therefore
dt
I 
t2 1
 sin 1 t  c


 log e t  t 2  1  c 
2
 1  1
 loge  x     x    1  c
 x  x

( x 2  1  x 4  3x 2  1)
 loge c
x
 k 1

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31.(A) g '( x)  (2 x 2  ln x) f ( x)
1 1
f '( x)  3
3x 2  2x
ln x ln x 2
x( x  1)
f '( x)   0 x  1 ; f ( x)  f (1)  f ( x)  0  x  1
ln x
For g ( x) is increasing

g '( x)  0  2 x 2  ln x  0 as ( f ( x)  0)
Let H ( x)  2 x 2  ln x

1 4 x2  1
H '( x)  4 x    0 where x  1
x x
H ( x)  H (1)  ( x)  2
 g '( x)  0  x  (1, )
 g ( x) is increasing on (1,  )

32.(B) Differentiating the given equations we get

dx
 a (1  cos )
d
dy
 a sin 
d
dy dy dx sin 
 
dx d  d  1  cos 
 dy 
   1
 dx 
2
and ordinate of the point    / 2 is a. Therefore, length of the normal is
2
 dy 
a 1    a 11  a 2
 dx  
2

33.(B) The given equation is x3  y 3  a3 . Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x we have

dy  x 2
 2
dx y

 dy   x02
   …(i)
 dx ( x0 , y0 ) y02

 x02
Equation of the tangent at ( x0 , y0 ) is y  y0  ( x  x0 )
y02
x02 x  y02 y  x03  y03
This passes through ( x1, y1) . Therefore

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x02 x1  y02 y1  x03  y03  a 3  x13  y13

As ( x1, y1) lies on the curve. Hence

x1 ( x02  x12 )   y1 ( y02  y12 )

x1( x0  x1) y0  y1
 
y1( y0  y1) x0  x1
= Slope of the line joining ( x0 , y0 ) and ( x1, y1)
Which is the slope of the tangent at ( x0 , y0 ) . So from equation (i)

 x1 ( x0  x1 )  x02
 2
y1 ( y0  y1 ) y0
x1x0 y02  x12 y02  y1 y0 x02  y12 x02
x0 y0 ( x1 y0  x0 y1 )  ( x1 y0  x0 y1 )( x1 y0  x0 y1 ) …(ii)
Suppose x1 y0  x0 y1  0 so that
x0 y0
 
x1 y1
Hence, x0  x1, y0  y1 so that

a3  x03  y03  3 ( x13  y13 )  3a3

Which implies   1 and hence x0  x1 and y0  y1 a contradiction. Therefore x1 y0  x0 y1  0. Hence
from equation (ii)
x0 y0  ( x1 y0  x0 y1 )
x1 y1
Dividing both sides with x0 y0 we have  1
x0 y0
34.(C) Let I be the given integral. Then
sin x cos x
I  dx
1  cos x  sin x
sin x
 dx
sec x  1  tan x
sin x(1  tan x  sec x)
 dx
(1  tan x)2  sec2 x
sin x(1  tan x  sec x)
 dx
2 tan x
1 sin x(1  tan x  sec x)
  dx
2 2 tan x
1
  (cos x  sin x  1) dx
2
1
  (sin x  cos x  x)  c
2

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x3  3
35.(AC) I  dx
( x  1)( x 2  1)
x3  1  2
 dx
( x  1)( x 2  1)
x2  x  1 dx
 dx  2
x 1
2
( x  1)( x 2  1)
 x   1 x 1 
  1  2  dx     2  dx
 x 1  x 1 x 1
1 1
 x  log e ( x 2  1)  log e | x  1|  log e ( x 2  1)  tan 1 x  c
2 2
 x  log e | x  1|  log e ( x 2  1)  tan 1 x  c
Hence (C) is correct. Also

tan 1 x   cot 1 x
2
Therefore (A) is also correct

36.(BD) Differentiating the curve equation w.r.t. x, we have

dy
8 x  18 y0
dx
dy 8x 4x 8
   
dx 18 y 9y 9
So, that x  2 y. Since the point lies on the curve, we have

4(2 y)2  9 y 2  1
1
 y
5
1 2
y   x
5 5
 2 1  2 1
Therefore the points are   , & , 
 5 5  5 5
dy 1  x2
37.(AB) The given curve is defined for x  1. Now   m0&n0
dx (1  x 2 ) 2
38.(2) We have
sin 2 x sin(5 x  3 x)
 sin 3x sin 5 x dx   sin 3x sin 5 x dx
sin 5 x cos3 x  cos5 x sin 3 x
 dx
sin 3 x sin 5 x
1 1
  (cot 3x  cot 5 x) dx  log e | sin 3 x |  log e | sin 5 x |  c
3 5
 | p  q |  |35|  2

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cosec2 x  7
 cos7 x dx   sec xcosec xdx  7 sec xdx
7 2 7
39.(6)

 ( cot x)sec7 x   ( cot x)7sec6 x(sec x tan x) dx  7  sec7 xdx

  cot x sec7 x  7  sec7 xdx  7  sec7 xdx   cot x sec7 x  c      7 1  6

2 x 2 x
40.(2) We have I   ( x2  1)3/2 x2  1
dx  
x2  1
dx
( x 2  1)2
x2  1
2 x( x 1 )  2 x( x 2  1)
Put dx  2tdt
( x 2  1)2
2 x
 dx  tdt
( x  1)2
2

1 x2  1 1 1
I   (t ) dt  t  c  c ; k or  2
t x2  1 2 k

41.(A)

has local maximum at x  0 .

42.(A) We have to find points on the curve at which the tangents are parallel to the line 3 x  2 y  1  0. Let
( x1, y1) be a point on the curve at which the tangent is parallel to the given line. Differentiating the
curve equation w.r.t. x we get
dy
6x  8 y 0
dx
 dy  3x
   1
 dx ( x1 , y1 ) 4 y1
The tangent is parallel to the line 3 x  2 y  1  0 . This implies
3x1 3
  x1  2 y1
4 y1 2
( x1, y1) lies on the curve. This implies

3 x12  4 y12  72  12 y12  4 y12  72  y1   3

Therefore the points on the curve are (6, -3) and (-6, 3) whose distances from the line 3 x  2 y  1  0,
respectively, are 13 & 11/ 13. Therefore, the nearest point is (-6, 3) and its distance from the given
line is 11 / 13.

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43.(D) x  0  y  1 so that the given point on the curve is P (0,1). Differentiating the curve equation w.r.t. x,
we have
dy  dy y  2sin x cos x
 (1  x) y  log(1  x)  
dx  dx 1  x  1  sin 4 x
 dy 
   1(0  1)  0  1
 dx (0,1)
So normal equation at (0, 1) is
y  1  1( x  0)
x  y 1

44.(CD) Differentiating the given equation with respect to x we get

dy
x y 1  0
dx
dy 1 x
0  0  x 1
dx y
x  1  y2  4
Therefore, the points are (1, 2) and (1, -2)
dy 2a
We have, y  4ax  
2
45.(ABCD)
dx y
 dy  2a 1
   
 dx  P 2at2 t2
The normal at P at y  2at2  t2 ( x  at2 )  t2 x  y  2at2  at2
2 3

2
This passes through the point R ( at1 , 2at1 ). Therefore
t2 (at12 )  2at1  2at2  at23
t2 (t12  t22 )  2(t2  t1 )
2
Since t2  t1, we have t2 (t1  t2 )  2  t1  t2 
t2
Thus (A) is true. Similarly
2 2
t1  t3   t1  t3  
t3 t3
Thus (B) is also true, Now
2 2 2 2 2( t  t )
t2   t1  t3   t3  t2    3 2  t2t3  2
t2 t3 t2 t3 t2t3
Hence (C) is also true. Now, the product of the ordinates of P and Q is
(2at2 )(2at3t )  4a 2t2t3  4a 2 (2)  8a 2
Thus (D)is true.
cos 4 x  1 2cos2 2 x sin x cos x
46.(ACD) We have  dx   dx
cot x  tan x cos 2 x
1 1
  cos 2 x sin 2 x dx   sin 4 x dx  cos 4 x  c
2 8

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x2 1 3
47.(0) Let I   1  x6 tan ( x )dx
3x 2
Put tan 1( x3 )  t so that dx  dt
1  x6
1 1 1
I   dt  t 2  c  (tan 1 x3 ) 2  c
3 6 6
mn  k  6  6  0
ex
48.(4) We have I   2 x dx
e  ex  5
dt
 where t  e x
(t  1)(t  5)
1  1 1  1  ex  1 
4  t 1 t  5 
   e c  |ab|  4
   e x  5 
dt log
4  

49.(1) Let
2x dt
 ( x2  1)( x2  2) dx   (t  1)(t  2) where t  x 2

 1 1   x2  1 
    e  b  a  2 1  1
  x 2  2 
dt log
 t 1 t  2   

50.(B) I. Differentiating the given function, we have

dy
 3x 2  2
dx
Since the tangent is perpendicular to the line x  14 y  4  0 we have
dy
 14  3x 2  2  14  x   2
dx
Hence the required points on the curve are (2, 18) and (-2, -6)
Equation of the tangent at (2, 18) is y  18  14( x  2)  14 x  y  10
Equation of the tangent at (-2, -6) is y  6  14( x  2)  14 x  y  22  0
II. Consider the curve y  be x / a . It meets y-axis in (0, b). Differentiating we get
dy b  dy  b
  e x / a    
dx a  dx (0, b) a
b
So the equation of the tangent to y  be x / a at (0, b) is y  b   ( x  0)  bx  ay  ab
a
If b  3, a  2 then the equation of the tangent at (0, 3) is 3 x  2 y  6
III. If b  14 and a  1, then the equation of the tangent at (0, 14) is 14 x  y  14
IV. Differentiating the given equation with respect to x we get
 dy   dy  dy 2
3x 2  3 y 2    6  y  x   ( y  2 x)  2 y  x 2
 dx   dx  dx
dy 2 y  x 2  dy  69
  2      1
dx y  2 x  dx (3,3) 9  6
Hence normal at (3, 3) is y  3  1( x  3)  x  y  0

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