CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

“There can be no daily democracy without daily citizenship.” Nader

LEGAL AND HISTORICAL BASIS OF NSTP

Article 2, 1987 Philippine Constitution
Section 4: The Government's primary duty is to serve and protect the people.

Section 5: Maintenance of peace and order.

Section 13: Recognition of the youth's vital role in nation-building.

HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1994 REPUBLIC ACT 7722

- CHED align with the goal of NSTP to develop center excellence and national
development

National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law or RA 9163

-“An Act Establishing the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for Tertiary
Level Students” Enacted on January 2002
NSTP- a program that aim to develop youth’s well-being and promote defense ethics.

THE 3 COMPONENT OF THE PROGRAM NSTP

1. Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)

- To provide military training to tertiary level students.

2. Literacy Training Service (LTS)

- To train students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills.

3. Civic Welfare Services (CWTS)

- Activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the
members of the community

THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

 1. Malolos Constitution (1898-1901)
- First Philippine Constitution; First republican constitution in Asia
2. Commonwealth and Third Republic/1935 Constitution
- The United States passed the Philippine Independence Act in 1994.
- Through Constitutional Convention the draft of Philippine Constitution was
produced.
- Was ratified through a national plebiscite on May 14, 1935, and fully implemented on
November 15, 1935.
3. Japanese-Sponsored Republic/Second Republic/1943 Constitution (1943 –
1945)
- Japanese-sponsored government nullified the constitution during the World War II.
- New constitution was introduced through a Preparatory Committee on Philippine
Independence, which was used by President Jose P. Laurel's administration.
4. Martial Law Constitution/ 1973 Constitution
- President Ferdinand Marcos replaced the 1935 Constitution with a new one.
- He used a citizen assembly to approve it through Viva Voce (secret ballots), despite
opposition.
- This new constitution became effective on January 17, 1973.
5. Freedom Constitution/ 1987 Constitution
- President Corazon Aquino suspended parts of the 1973 Constitution.
- Formed a Constitutional Commission to draft a new charter. The new Constitution
was ratified on February 11, 1987.

THE PREAMBLE
- Derived from the word “Preambulare” which means to walk before.

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a
just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and
aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of
law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and
promulgate this Constitution.”

BILL OF RIGHTS
1. Life, liberty, and property protected with due process.
2. Protection from unreasonable searches, need for probable cause.
3. Inviolable privacy, inadmissible evidence.
4. Freedom of speech, expression, press, assembly.
5. Religious freedom, no religious tests.
6. Protected liberty of abode and travel.
 7. Right to access government information.
8. Right to form unions, associations.
9. Protection of private property, compensation.
10. No laws impairing contracts.
11. Access to courts, legal assistance.
12. Accused rights, no torture, confession rules.
13. Right to bail, even during habeas corpus suspension.
14. Due process, presumption of innocence.
15. Habeas corpus limits.
16. Right to speedy case resolution.
17. Protection against self-incrimination.
18. No detention for political beliefs, no involuntary servitude.
19. No excessive fines, cruel punishment, death penalty limits.
20. No imprisonment for debt or poll tax.
21. Protection against double jeopardy.
22. No ex post facto laws, bills of attainder.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO CITIZEN

Duties or Obligation- Something that citizen is required to do by law.
EXAMPLES:
 obeying laws,
 paying taxes,
 and defending the nation

Rights- something that a person should do but are not required by the law.
EXAMPLES:
 Voting,
 attending civic meetings,
 petitioning the government,
 And running for office.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO CITIZEN

1. Loyalty to the Republic and respect for the Philippine flag.
2. Exercise rights responsibly, respecting the rights of others.
3. Engage in gainful work to ensure a dignified life for themselves and their families.
4. Right to cast vote, and vote for qualified citizens.

UNITED NATIONS PRINCIPLE ON HUMAN RIGHTS

 - Every person has inherent rights that protect them from harm, enabling peaceful
coexistence.

FLAG HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES- RA 8491

- The code's main purpose is to foster reverence and respect for the national flag,
anthem, and other symbols representing the nation's ideals and traditions.

HALF MAST- is a sign of mourning. It is displayed on the official day of announcement of

the death of the following officials:
A. Presidents (10 days)
B. Vice Presidents, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Senate President and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives (7 days)
C. Cabinet Secretaries, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Members of the Senate and
House of Representatives, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and
the Director-General of the Philippine National Police (5days)
D. Head of National Government Agencies, including Government Owned and Control
Corporations and Government Financial Institutions (3 days)
E. The Commanding Generals of the Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Army and the
Flag Officer in Command of the Philippine Navy (3 days)
F. Governors, Vice-Governors, city and municipal Mayor, city and municipal Vice Mayors
(3days)
G. Members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Sangguniang Panlungsod and Sangguniang
Bayan (on the day of interment)
H. Barangay Chairmen and Barangay Councilmen on the day of interment
I. Former National or Local Government Officials, appointive or elective
J. Regional Directors, Superintendents, Supervisors, Principals, Teachers and other school
officials
During calamities and disasters, National Flag shall also be flown at half-mast.
RULE: The flag must be raised to top of the pole before it is lowered to the
half-ma position; before it is lowered for the day it must be raised to the top
again.

PROHIBITED ACTS
1. Defacing or ridiculing the National Flag.
2. Dipping it in compliment.
3. Inappropriate use as drapery, pennant, or staff.
4. Improper display in certain venues.
5. Wearing it as clothing.
6. Adding any markings.
7. Printing or attaching it to merchandise.
8. Displaying foreign flags in public.
 9. Using it in advertisements.
10. Displaying it in front of buildings occupied by aliens.

GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES

1. Love for God or Pagkamaka-Diyos
2. Love for Fellowmen or Pagkamaka-Tao
3. Love for Country or Pagkamaka-Bayan
4. Love for the Environment or Pagkamaka-Kalikasan

VOTER CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

SUFFRAGE- The citizens right to vote, elect, and participate during the elections.
ELECTION is the process where people choose officials for fixed periods to represent and
exercise government powers.
Qualification& Requirements of Voters:
1. A citizen (male or female) of the Philippines;
2. Not otherwise disqualified by law;
3. At least eighteen (18) years of age;
4. Have resided in the Philippines for at least one (1) year and in the place wherein he
proposes to vote for at least six (6) months preceding the election.

Republic Act 10742, known as the SK Reform Act, expanded the age range for SK
voters from 15-21 to 15-30 years old. This change means that SK voters now fall into two age
groups: 15-17 and 18-30, with the latter group being eligible to vote in both SK and Barangay
Elections.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTORAL EXERCISES

Regular Elections Special Elections

• National • Plebiscite
• Local • Referendum
• Barangay • Initiative
• BARMM • Recall
• Sangguniang Kabataan(SK)

How often are Election Held?

1. Every 2nd Monday of May for national and local elections
a. President and Vice-President: every 6 years
b. Senators, Congressmen, Provincial, City and municipal officials: every 3 years
b. Every last Monday of October, every 3 years for barangay and SK officials
c. Every 3 years from March 1993 – BARMM elections

What is Registration?
Registration refers to the act of accomplishing and filing of a sworn application for
registration by a qualified voter
Why should I register?
To have the opportunity to choose our leaders.

What is validation of Registration?

It is a process wherein fingerprints of the voter would be captured electronically at no expense to
the voter

The 3 Branches of the Government

 EXECUTIVE- Managerial and leadership skills
o Implements programs & projects
o Monitors programs & projects
o Provides basic services
o Performs ceremonial functions
EXECUTIVE POSITION:

National: President, Vice President

Local: Governor, Mayor, and Brgy. Captain

 LEGISLATIVE- Analyst and able to express minds

o Reviews & evaluates proposals, position papers
o Conducts research on proposed bills & position papers
o Consults experts
o Defends & analyzes proposed bills
LEGISLATIVE POSITION:

National: Senators

Local: Congressman, Board Member, Vice Governor, Vice Mayor, City

Councilors, Brgy. Counselors

What qualities should I look for?

R ighteous governance
I ntegrity
G iftedness
H eart
T rack Record

DRUG EDUCATION
REPUBLIC ACT 9165 or Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002
Important Provisions in RA 9165
Sec. 5: Sale, distribution, and transportation of drugs.
Sec. 6: Maintenance of den, dive or resort.
Sec.11: Possession of dangerous drugs.
Sec.15: Use of dangerous drugs.
Sec.19: Unlawful prescription of drugs
Sec 36: Authorized drug testing
Sec.54: Voluntary submission of drug dependent to rehabilitation
Sec.60: Confidentiality of records of voluntary submission
Sec.61: Compulsory confinement of drug dependent who refuses to apply under the voluntarily
submission.
DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD 2019 STATISTICS
 A total of 55 treatment and rehabilitation facilities reported to Treatment and
Rehabilitation Admission Information System (TRAIS). 53 are residential and 2 are
outpatient. A total of 5, 227 admissions were recorded. 5, 119 are new cases, 22 is re-
admitted and 86 undergone treatment in outpatient facility.
  89.02% admission cases were male, around 11% are females and 0.52% are LGBT. The
ratio of male to female is 9:1, with the mean age of 32 and median of 33 years old. The
youngest of 7 and the oldest is 68. The highest percentage belongs to age group of 40
years old and above 27.13%.
 Shabu is the most abused drugs with 93.72% of total admission. Followed by Marijuana
at 22.59%, and Rugby with 0.73%.
 Mono Drug use is still the nature of drug taking and the routes is through sniffing, and
oral ingestion.

What is Drug Abuse?

It is the use of any chemical substance, licit or illicit, which results an individual’s
physical, mental and social impairment.

It may refer to any of the following:

1. Using without prescription.
2. Using drugs different from being prescribed.
3. Using drugs having no legitimate medical application.

CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS

(According to Dangerous Drug Act of 1972)
1. PROHIBITED DRUGS- all the drugs that produce psychological effects, relieves pain
and induce sleep.

2. REGULATED DRUGS- which include self-inducing sedatives or other hypnotic drugs.

DRUGS THAT ARE COMMONLY ABUSED

1. STIMULANTS
Drugs which increase alertness and physical disposition.
Examples:
 Amphetamine
 Cocaine
 Caffeine and Nicotine
2. HALLUCINOGENS (PSYCHEDELICS)
Drugs which affects the sensation, thinking, self-awareness and emotions.
Examples:
 Mescaline
 Marijuana
3. SEDATIVES
Drugs which may delay reduce anxiety and excitement.
  Barbiturates
 Non-barbiturates
 Tranquilizer and Alcohol
4. NARCOTICS
Drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep.
Examples:
 Opium
 Morphine
 Codeine and Heroin

5. OTHER THAN DRUGS

Substances like glue, paint thinners, gasoline and other breathable solvents that
contains dangerous chemicals.
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG REASONS BEHIND DRUG ABUSE
ABUSERS
 Curiosity
1. Experimenters  Peer pressure
2. Occasional Users  New sensations
3. Regular Users  Rebellion
4. Drug Dependents  Escapism
5. Mentally Ill Chemical Abuser

ADDICTION DRUG ADDICTION

 Pertains to dependency on drugs
 Not having control over taking
 Unpleasant withdrawal
something until it becomes harmful.
symptoms/effects on the user
 Having difficulty time without it
 Addictive drugs can make the person
during the day.
to crave for more until the
withdrawal symptoms disappeared

COMMON TYPES OF DRUGS

1. MARIJUANA (Cannabis Sativa)
  Comes from Cannabis Sativa, like leave tops stems flowers and roots. These
are dried and prepared for smoking or taken orally as brownies.
 It has psychoactive effects. It is taken into the body in the form of smoke or
vapor.
 Can be consumed and mixed into food or steeped tea.
 It is believe to act as the “gateway” to other more serious substance.
SYMPTOMS:
 Faster heartbeat and pulse rate.  Forgetfulness
 Bloodshot eyes  Impaired reflexes
 Dry mouth and throat  Acute panic anxiety reaction
 Altered sense of time

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
 Smoked cannabis produces a  Infection
dreamy state of consciousness,  Decrease sperm production
which ideas seem disconnected.  Symptoms of mental illness
 Impairment of memory and cognitive  Bronchial passage wear and tear
decline.  Persistent cough
 Impairment of motor skills.  Struggles with breathing
 Premature babies.  Excess mucus secretion
 Panic  Heart attack and hear damage
 Motivational syndrome
 Burnout

2. SHABU (Methamphetamine Hydrochloride)

 White odorless crystal powder with bitter numbing taste.
 Type of amphetamine also known as “poor man’s cocaine” its other names
are shabu, siopao, ubas, sha and ice.
 Abusers take this drug by ingestion and inhalation sniffing or injection.
 It is regularly absorbed orally and are associated with rapid action, usually 1
hour.
 Through injection they have an almost immediate effect.
ADVERSE EFFECTS
 Anxiety and irritation  Acute psychotic reaction and
 Talkativeness and loss of self-control recklessness
 Loss of appetite and inability to sleep  Physiologic Meth: chest pain,
 Euphoria elation irregular heartbeat, high blood/low
 blood pressure, Weight loss, Death from cardiac arrest

3. INHALANTS
 Refer to a group of drugs that are inhaled in the form of gas or solvent.
 Inhalant Abuse is the deliberate inhalation of volatile chemical substance that
contains psychoactive vapors causing intoxication.
 Commonly in household: nail polish remover, glue, gasoline, cleaners and
nitrous oxide.
 Also include fluorinated hydrocarbons found in aerosol: hairspray, paint
and household cleaners.
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS: DELAYED EFFECTS:
 Confusion  Loss of memory
 Aggressive behavior  Inability to think
 Hallucinations  Muscle weakness
 Illusions  Abdominal pain
 Nausea and vomiting  Damage to nervous system, kidney,
 Drowsiness liver and bone marrow.

4. ECSTACY (Mythylenedeoxymethamphetamine or MDMA)

 Commonly known as “X-TC” or “Adam and Eve Tablet.”
 Term used for group of “Designer” drugs closely related to amphetamine
family.
 Price soar up to 2,000 PHP.
 First developed as an appetite suppressant in 1914 by German Company
Merck.
 In 1970, Alexander Shulgin use the drug to help patients to explore their
feelings.
HOW DOES MDMA WORK IN THE BODY?
A. You take ecstasy.
B. Most of the molecules move to stomach then to small intestine.
C. Ecstasy is absorbed to bloodstream, then travel throughout the body and into brain.
D. In the liver, a portion of MDMA is metabolized to inactive compounds.
E. Ecstasy is then carried to lungs via circulatory system.
F. Then passes to the blood-brain barrier, which affect the neocortex and limbic system.
G. It takes about 5 half-lives, or 40 hours for over 95% of MDMA to be cleared from the
body.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS
 Extreme lifting of mood  Fatigue
 Feeling of comfort  Restlessness
 Feeling of love and empathy  Nausea and Vomiting
 Increase awareness  Rise in blood pressure and heart rate
 Experience intense sensation  Brain and liver damage
 Urge to hug and kiss someone

5. OPIATES (Narcotics)
 Narcotics are called as a of group drugs that are medically used to relieve
pain.
 It comes from resin taken from the seed pod of Asian Poppy
 Opium refers to coagulated juice from opium poppy
 Opium Poppy refers to any part of plant including seeds, branches, leaves and
any part thereof.

COMMONLY ABUSED OPIUM

1. OPIUM- dark brown chunks or powder, usually smoked or eaten.
2. MORPHINE- white or brownish powder, usually dissolved in water then injected.
3. HEROINE- usually diluted or cut with other substance such as sugaror quinine.
4. CODEINE- found in cough syrup.
5. SYNTHESIZED OPIATES- come in syrup, tablet, capsule and suppositories.
DANGERS OF OPIATES ABUSE
I. Opiates may cause drug dependence. The user will crave for more and more until they get
the same effect.
II. Overtime, it may cause infections in heart lining and valves, skin abscesses, and
congested lungs.
III. Infections from unsterile injections: needle, syringe that can cause illnesses such as
lover disease, tetanus and AIDS.
IV. Opiate dependent woman can suffer to anemia and may give birth to defective babies.
V. The symptoms begin 4-6hrs after last dose of drugs, 24-27hrs after and subside 7-10days.
Sometimes sleeplessness and drug craving can last for months.
THE EFFECTS OF OPIATES ON THE THE EFFECTS OF OPIATES ON
BRAIN NERVOUS SYSTEM

 Can cause daytime sleepiness.  Can cause greater pain and

 Higher risk of depression sensitization
 Slowing of physical movement
THE EFFECTS OF OPIATES ON
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE EFFECTS OF OPIATES ON
IMMUNE SYSTEM
 Slow digestion leading to
constipation  Increased susceptibility to infection.
 Nausea and vomiting

AVAILABLE TREATMENT FOR OPIATE ADDICTS

I. Detoxification in a hospital.
II. Rehabilitation in therapeutic communities
III. Outpatient drug free program
IV. Methadone maintenance

HOW TO AVOID OPIATE ADDICTION?

a) Talk to someone you trust.
b) Learn how to deal with bad feelings
c) Solve the PROBLEM:
P- problem, what is it?
R- results, what do you intend to happen?
O- open a file, what info do you need to collect?
B- brainstorm, what options are there?
L- look at the consequences, what would happen by following each of
the options?
 E- evaluate and execute, which is the best choice? Make it.
M- make sure it works, have you got what you wanted?

6. COCAINE
 Produced in 1860, was hailed as cure-all.
 A drug from the leaves of Erythroxylon Coca Plant, shrub originated in South America.
 The drug effects the nervous system as stimulants.
 Cocaine exaggerates changes caused by at least two brain chemicals: Noradrenaline and
Dopamine, which increase alertness and causing euphoria.
 Doctors use it to treat anxiety and depression until they realized it was addictive.
WHY COCAINE IS DANGEROUS?
I. It may create psychological problems.
II. An overdose may cause delirium, convulsions, and respiratory failure to death.
III. May cause paranoiaor or “cocaine psychosis” (Hallucinations to touch, smell, taste, and
sight)

RISK OF COCAINE USE

I. Injecting cocaine with unsterile equipment can cause hepatitis and other infections.
II. Preparation of freebase exposes the user to death and serious injuries from fire or
explosion that can occur.

PERMANENT EFFECTS ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

 Persistent or chronic cough
 Infections of nasal linings and sinuses
 Lung damage
 Bleeding of lungs
 Pulmonary infection
 Asthma

PERMANENT EFFECTS ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

 Ischemia
 Abnormal flow of blood
 Shortness of breathing
 High blood pressure
 Heart attack
 7. SEDATIVES
 The hypnotics such as tranquilizers, sleeping pills or drugs which depress or
slow down body functions.
 Can be dangerous when taken without physician’s prescription.

8. STEROIDS
 This substance are used to build muscle mass and strengths.
 Typically consist of male sex hormones and can be very damaging when used
without proper prescription.
9. TOBACCO
 When inhaled, Nicotine is absorbed through lungs and reaches the brain
within 7 seconds.
 Often smoked in the form of cigarettes or chewed.
 It contains nicotine, which is highly addictive substance known to cause
cancer and other diseases.
 Nicotine works by mimicking the action of natural brain chemical
“acetylcholine” by docking special receptor molecules.
 Some nicotine receptors in the brain activate part of the pleasure center, which
could be the effect of nicotine

Suicide by installment
Much money are wasted
Organs of the body are injuries
Kills both smokers and non-smoker
Infants are poisoned
Nervous system deranged
God’s temple is ruined

CIGARETTE CONTENTS
I. AMMONIA- use to clean bathroom.
II. CADMIUM- car battery
III. CARBON MONOXIDE NICOTINE- use for insecticide
IV. TAR- ingredients for asphalt.
V. VINYL CHLORIDE- use for plastic
VI. CYANIDE- poison gas used by Hitler in his poison camps
VII. DDT- use to kill cockroaches
VIII. FORMALDEHYDE- for embalming

EFFECTS TO THE BODY

 Death from cardiovascular diseases  Cataracts
 Deadly lung conditions  Hearing loss
 Psoriasis  Tooth decay
 Emphysema  Stomach ulcer
 Discolored fingers  Buerger’s disease
 Deformed sperm

10. ALCOHOL
 ALCOHOLISM- a disorder of behavior characterized by repeated drinking
of alcoholic beverages.
 ALCOHOLIC- a person who indulge in heavy uncontrolled drinking to
detriment of the person’s health personality.
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
a. Beer- lower alcoholic contents (3-5%)
b. Wine- contains 10-20% alcohol
c. Whisky, Gin, Brandy, Rum, Vodka and Liquors – much higher alcoholic content (40-
50%)
Effects of Alcohol in Blood
a. 0.1% noticeable breath odor
b. 0.2% clumsy movement
c. 0.3% staggering gait or unstable walking
d. 0.4% helplessness
REASONS WHY PEOPLE BECOME ALCOHOLIC
i. Feeling lonely or depressed
ii. To forget his/her feelings
iii. To be accepted by the peer group
iv. As an outlet for anger, anxiety, and boredom
v. For macho image
 vi. For many cases, it starts as recreation then becomes a habit then becomes a vice or
alcohol addiction.

PERMANENT EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE BODY

 Liver damage
 Korsakoff’s syndrome
 Motor system control loss
 Walking difficulty
 Vision problems
 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
 Fatigue
 Difficulty in breathing
 Swelling of legs and feet

SIGNS OF DRUG DEPENDENCY

i. Mood swings or explosive outburst
ii. Staying out late
iii. Frequent absences from work or school or declining work or school performance.
iv. Unexplained need for money
v. Minimal interaction with the family
vi. Noticeable change in friends
vii. Tiredness or changes in sleep patterns
viii. Bloodshot or glassy eyes
ix. Loss of motivation or lethargy
x. Changes in physical appearance

COUNTER MEASURE FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE

01 02 03 04
Classification Abstainer  Experimenters Drug dependents Substance
 occasional users abused
 Regular users Psychosis
Management Preventive Counseling Drug Psychiatric
Education Rehabilitation Treatment

SOCIETAL ROLE IN DRUG PREVENTION

The Role of the Individual
 Improve his/her personality and develop traits and characteristics that would help him
build up his self-confident.
 Maintain good physical and mental health
 Understand self, accept and respect for he/she is.
 Learn to effectively relate to others.
 Learn to cope with problems without the use of drugs.
 Develop strong moral and spiritual values.
 Devote yourself to studies
 Stay away from people and places that promotes drugs.
 Educate yourself about the effects of drug abuse.
 Always say no.
The Role of the Family
 Good children do not come by accident, they are products of good parenting.
 Good parenting, on the other hand does not happen by chance. It follows basic principle:
 Principle of love
 Principle of discipline
 Principle of values
 Principle of modeling
The Role of School
 School is an extension of the home having the strategic position to control crime
delinquency.
 Responsibility to prevent the feeling of insecurity and rejection of the child which
contribute directly to maladjustment and criminality by setting up objectives of
developing a child into a well-integrated and useful law abiding citizen.
The role of Church
 The church influences the people’s behavior with the emphasis on morals and life’s
highest spiritual value

Therefore, drug abuse is everybody’s concern. Or else, this will be your destinations:
 Rehabilitation
 Prison
 Cemetery