Eng – Language study notes

June Exam
Singular and plural
Singular – One person or thing.
Example :
Child
School
Plural – Referring to more than one person or thing
Example:
Children
Schools
Conjuctions
Conjunctions are connecting words that join words, phrases or clauses. In
most cases it joins two sentences together by using one word ( for, and ,
nor, but, yet, because, since, etc.)
Example :
My soup was cold and flavourless and the waiter was very rude to us!

*IMPORTANT
It isn't grammatically correct to start a sentence with a conjuction.
 Formal Informal
enquire ask

Types of language assist

stomach
help
tummy
inform tell

• Formal language : Use of standard English when

writing professional or academic purposes.
Example : The balloon was inflated for the experiment.

• Informal language (slang) : Nonstandard English with

shorter sentences and more casual, usually when you
speak to someone you know.
Example : Wanna go for a brunch ?
Parts of speech

Noun
A word used to identify any of a class of people, places or things.
Example :
He drives a car.

Adjective : Describes the noun

Example : He drives a blue car.
Pronouns

• Reflexive
The actions of the verb is turned back on the subject
Example :
My baby brother has leant to feed himself.
Verb Reflexive
Subject
pronoun
Apostrophe

A punctuation mark ' to indicate either possession or the omission

of letters or numbers.
Example :
Can't – can not
Don't – do not
That's – that is
Preffix and Suffix
Preffix
Is a syllable we put before a root word that either changes its meaning or makes
an antonym of the word
Un – Happy = Unhappy

Suffix
Are word endings and comes at the end of the word
-er Buy = Buyer
-less Effort = Effortless
Homonyms and Homophones
Homonyms
Two words that are spelled the same, sound the same ,but have different meanings.
Example :
• She has a lot of books.
• I will book a table at the restaurant.

Homophones
Two words that sounds the same, but have different spelling and meanings.
Example :
• We ate stew yesterday.
• My sister turned eight this year.
Collective nouns

Name that is give to a group of individuals, animals , objects.

Example :
• A swarm of bees
• A school of fish
• A group/circle of friends
Synonyms

Two different words that has the same meaning.

Example :
Awful – terrible
Difficult - challenging
Degrees of comparison
Positive (Big) Comparative (Bigger) Superlative (Biggest)
Warm Warmer Warmest
Small Smaller Smallest
Smelly Smellier Smelliest
Simple sentences

• Two simple sentences can be joined together by using a

conjunction.
Example :
We bathed the dog ,because he ran out into the rain.

Simple sentence Simple sentence

Conjuction
Active and Passive voice
Active voice
When the subject (person) of a sentence performs the action of the verb.
Example :
Susan gave me the book.
Passive voice
When the subject (person) is the recipient of the action.
Example :
The book was given to me by Susan.