Color Response Curve

Color Response Curve

The relation between the color levels and the signal levels are determined by setting COLOR
RESPONSE, NOISE LIMITER,GAIN OFFSET and SIGNAL LEVEL. That is, this function
specifies dynamic range of display.

In the color conversion curve, the horizontal axis corresponds to the input signal level and the
vertical axis to the color signal level in 0-100% relative value. The color level is specified at
each 10% of the input signal level.

The following describes the parameters concerned in the setting of color-response curve as well
as the method of varying the parameters. There are three parameters involved:

1) Gain Offset
2) NL
3) Signal Level

To determine the setting of colors appearing on the display screen, the foregoing three kinds of
parameters are added to the curve selected by color-response setting or the original curve. Usually, the
effect of gain offset, noise-limiter and signal-level adjustments are not shown on the color response
curve indicated on the screen, except when the “off-center key" is pressed during curve indication.
While pressing the "off-center key", the curve modified by settings of these three parameters is
displayed with white doted line.

55
 Color Response Curve

GAIN OFFSET

The GAIN OFFSET setting determines the input signal which may be displayed with maximum color
level.

GAIN OFFSET 12 GAIN OFFSET 0

GAIN OFFSET 12

GAIN OFFSET 0

56
 Color Response Curve
Noise Limiter

The noise limiter specifies the input signal level from the maximum input level specified with
the display gain and corresponding dynamic range.

57
 Color Response Curve

SIGNAL LEVEL

The SIGNAL LEVEL function is able to delete up to 15 of 32 kind of colors indicated. That is, colors
corresponding to low-level echoes are deleted.

SIGNAL LEVEL
SIGNAL LEVEL 5

58
 Color Response Curve
Color Response Curve setting

Displayed while pressing “off center” key. Set upper limit level with GAIN
OFFSET setting.

Displayed
Color level

Input Signal Level

Set offset level with NL and 59
SIGANL LEVEL settings.
 Color Response Curve
Color Response Curve setting
Appearance of echo with various signal level, versus color response curve setting.

Range of color gradation presenting echo

corresponding to response curve.

Displayed color according to the input

signal level.

When signal level is saturated, which

caused by the high setting of gain, echo is
displayed with the shades of red.
In this case, pull the upper portion of the
curve down, instead of reducing the gain.
Reducing the gain is not proper for long
range detection generally.
60
 Color Response Curve
Color Response Curve setting vs. Display Color Setting

How much colorfully the echo

is presented is not only
depend on the color
response curve, but also
depend on the color
gradation.
Adjust the color graduation
as the need arises.

Suppress noise

Echo
Noise 61
 Color Response Curve
Color Response Curve setting
Dynamic Range
Dynamic Range corresponding to inputted signal is determined with the response curve too.
For displaying a signal widely between the low and high level signal, keep wide dynamic range
with the form of response curve.

12
12 dB
dB

12
12 dB
dB 55 dB
dB 3.2
3.2 dB
dB

6dB 3.5dB 2.5dB 2.0dB 1.6dB 1.3dB 1.2dB 1.0dB 1.0dB 62

 Auto Filter

Auto Filter
Screw Noise

Auto Filter: ON Auto Filter: OFF

The “Auto Filter” suppresses a noise and interference.

63
 Auto Filter

Auto Filter
Accurate ship’s speed, course and heading data are required for the auto filter
function.
z Ship’s Speed Mode
Ship’s speed mode controls the filter function according to the ship’s speed,
course and heading data inputted from external equipment.
When one of above mentioned data is interrupted, the auto filter function is canceled
automatically.

z Full Auto Mode

Full Auto mode functions based on the frequency of received signal itself. When
the frequency data of the received echo can not be obtained, the auto filter function
is replaced with “ship’s speed mode” automatically.

Center of
Determined by the ship’s Determined by the setting of
bandwidth
speed or frequency of bandwidth in system menu
received signal and range (pulse length)

64
 Auto Filter

Bandwidth setting for Auto filter

When auto filter is on, the bandwidth of RX circuit is determined by the setting of the
system menu shown bellow, and depend on the transmission pulse length “KP”.

When TX pulse length (KP) becomes longer,

bandwidth becomes narrower.
TX pulse length changes depend on the range
setting and menu setting.

Bandwidth
Narrow
AUTO

Standard
setting: 4/KP

Wide

When auto filter is off, this setting is ignored, and bandwidth is set at fixed value.

“Auto Band width” setting: on/off

When “Auto Band Width” setting is set to ON (select AUTO), the band width is automatically
controlled corresponding to the distance in the selected range. This function is available only when
the “reverberation” is set to “0”.

65
 Auto Filter
MIN BANDWIDTH setting
The bandwidth determined with BANDWIDTH setting is limited according to the range selection and MIN
BANDWIDTH setting.
For example, when BANDWIDTH setting is 4/KP, bandwidth over the range selection “2500 m” is fixed at
the setting of the MINBANDWIDTH.

Range Pulse 1/ KP 2/ KP 3/ KP 4/ KP 8/ KP 16/ KP

60 1.5
Maximum limit Wider
100 2.5
of bandwidth
150 3.8
200 5.0
300 7.5 Varies with
400 10 range settings
500 13
600 15
800 20
1000 25
1200 30 Minimum limit of
1600 40 bandwidth
2000 50
2500 63
3000 75
3500 88
4000 100
Narrower
5000 100 66
 Auto Filter

When “Full Auto” of Auto filter is selected,

COR START DISTANCE, COR WINDOW

LENGTH, AND GAIN AT CORRR settings
shall be set when the FULL AUTO function
is selected, but otherwise these setting
are ignored.

e
Rang

COR

COR: area at where the frequency is detected.

No need to change the default setting basically.

67
 Interference Rejecter
Interference Rejecter (IR)
[IR: 1]
IR function is effective to eliminate unnecessary
Din 1 picture delay signal which appears discontinuously, however, tow
Minimum
Dout high setting of the IR function may eliminate signal
of small fish school.
[IR: 1]
Echo by 1st transmission
The image signal is compared to the previous one, and a
signal with smaller level is output. This eliminates strong
echo signals input directly from other devices having a
different transmission cycle.
Echo by 2nd transmission
[IR: 2]
Din Echo by 1st transmission
1 picture delay 1 picture delay
Median
Dout

Disappear
Median value extraction is used in this method to prevent Echo by 2nd transmission
loss of signals due to the low S/N ratio in addition to the
function of Interference Elimination 1. z Effectiveness for eliminating
interference of fish echo.
[IR:3]
Din 1 picture delay 1 picture delay IR: 0 > IR: 2 > IR: 1 > IR: 3
Minimum
Dout

When detect a active fish school, set the IR to off

(0), otherwise, the fish school may disappear
This is an enhanced function of Interference Elimination from screen.
1 stated above. Two panels of the previous images are
used to compare. It is effective to eliminate echo signals
with an approximate transmission cycle.
68
2 ND AGC (User Menu) 2AGC

This is a function to control the echo level on or after the seabed automatically, so that the fish school can be
identified without being masked in the strong echo from the seabed. When 2 AGC is activated, TVG curve at the
seabed echo and after the seabed echo is suppressed. The following graph shows the TVG curve control
conceptually. ND
2 AGC Flag Enable Point

Gain 2ND AGC Flag Disable Point

Original TVG Curve

New TVG Curve caused by
2ND AGC function

Distance
The detector output is integrated in the circumference direction in horizontal mode, or in the vertical direction in
vertical mode, to detect the echo level across the circumference or the section. If the integrated output is larger than
the threshold level set from user menu, it is regarded as an strong echo from the sea bottom, and a flag to stop
growing of the TVG curve is enabled. After the flag is enabled, the TVG gain curve is kept flat as shown by a broken
line in the above graph.

Control of TVG curve

Picture vs.TVG curve with 2 ND AGC : 0 Picture vs.TVG curve with 2 ND AGC : 4
69
 2AGC

2ND AGC Distance setting

With this function, the 2ND AGC doesn’t function within the distance set by the “2AGC
distance”.

Invalid area of 2ND AGC function

Set by the “2ND AGC distance”

This function is effective to increase the sensitivity at short distance and suppress
the noise at long distance.
However, unexpected echo may appears at the distance within the distance set with
the “2ND AGC Distance” setting according to the sea condition.

70
 2AGC

2ND AGC

The 2nd AGC of the FSV-30 detects a signal at the output of the Post-TVG amplifier, and then
controls both Pre-TVG and Post-TVG curves on the BMF in parallel.

Control Detection of 2nd AGC

Pre-TVG Curve Post Gain Curve

BMF

Pre-TVG AMP Post GAIN AMP

Need to adjust more carefully, when grow post or Near AGC functions are on.

71
 2AGC

2ND AGC function when activating the grow post function

When both 2ND AGC and grow post function are activated, both functions control the
Pre-TVG and Post-Gain together.
z When grow post function is off, the 2ND AGC has an effect only for the Pre-TVG Curve.
z When grow post function is ON, the 2ND AGC functions to Pre-TVG and Post Gain curves
at the same time, since the post TVG curve is growing.

Example:
The 2nd AGC functions to both of Pre-TVG curve and Post-Gain curve, when Pre-TVG is not
clipped.
On the other hand, when the Pre-TVG curve has already clipped, the 2nd AGC functions on the
only Post-gain curve. Refer to the Figure.2.17.
Pre-TVG Curve Post Gain Curve
TVG H1
TVG H1

dB
dB

Range (m) Range (m)

Pre-TVG Gain: 96 dB, Pre-TVG Gain: 96 dB

Pre-TVG Compensation Level: 48 dB, Pre-TVG Compensation Level: 12 dB,
Post Gain: 28 dB Post Gain: 28 dB

Figure. 2.17 The 2nd AGC when activating the glow post
72
 2AGC

2ND AGC function activating the NEAR AGC

The 2ND AGC functions on both Pre-TVG and Post-Gain curves in order to keep the
total gain equal.
Gain

10 (50 log)
9 (45 log) Effect of 2nd AGC
8 (40 log)
7 (35 log)
6 (30 log)
5 (25 log) Pre-TVG Curve
4 (20 log)
3 (15 log)
2 (10 log)
1 (5 log)
Post Gain
Near AGC Setting

10 m
1 Distance
2 N
3
4
5
6
7 Near AGC Distance Setting
8
9 40 to 400 m (20 m steps)
10

Relation of Near AGC Setting, TVG Curve and Post Gain Curve

73
Interference
When receive the interference from other sonar, following functions are used to eliminate the
interference.
Auto Filter, Frequency Shift, Interference Suppression (INT SUPRRESS), Interference Rejecter.
As explained on the sheet “IR”, the IR function tends to eliminate the fish echo itself. Therefore, functions of
Auto Filter, Frequency Shift, and INT Suppression are recommended for eliminating the interference.

BMF board

RX signal Filter BMF Band Limit Filter

(TRX board)
Band width is wide and fixed.
Band width is set with auto filter function
Center frequency is set with in menu.
frequency shift function.

Range: 2500 m and bellow.

Shifting the frequency
between 22 and 26 kHz is
6 kHz recommended. Shifting the
frequency at both upper
and lower limit may cause
week sensitivity.
21 kHz 27 kHz
21 kHz 27 kHz
24 kHz 24 kHz
Range: 3000 m and above.
Note
When use simultaneous
3 kHz
transmission mode,
separate both frequencies
of H1H2 at least 2 kHz.
22.5 25.5
21 kHz 27 kHz
kHz kHz
24 kHz 24 kHz
74
INT SUPRESS (0.1.2.3)
Signal suppression caused by the acoustical interference of other equipment of own or
other ship.

When FSV-30 receives a strong interference, it causes the signal suppression of own
echo, and looks like the sensitivity down.
In this case, use INT SUPRESS function to reject the interference.
The band width narrowed by the INT SUPRESS is as follows.
Setting 0: +3.0 kHz, 1: +2.0 kHz, 2: +1.4 kHz, 3: +0.6 kHz,

4 kHz 2.8 kHz 1.2 kHz

6 kHz

21 kHz 27 kHz 22.0ｋHz 26.0ｋHz 22.6 kHz 25.4 kHz 23.4 kHz 24.6 kHz

When use INT SUPRESS, sift the center frequency of the band with “FREQ SHIFT”
so as to separate from the frequency of the interference.

21 kHz 27 kHz 27 kHz

24 kHz 21 kHz
24 kHz 24 kHz
24 kHz

75
 Grow Post and BGC Function

Grow Post and BGC Function

The “Grow Post and BGC Function” are used when the signal is suppressed
with unexpected strong noise; such as screw noise,engine noise, and others.
The Grow Post function consists of the NEAR GAIN, PRETVG, POST
GAIN, PRETVG CORRECT and POST CLIP GAIN settings.
The BGC function consists of the BGC CORRECT, BGC
BOW and BGC STERN settings.

Since the bandwidth of the FSV-30 is

comparatively wide, it’s sometimes
affected by the noise such as screw
noise.
When the pre-TVG amp gain is set to
high, strong noise signal is amplified
to saturation, and then the echo signal
is suppressed by this saturated noise
Grow Post signal, as result.
To solve this problem, Gain of the pre-
BGC Function TVG amplifier must be reduced, and
increase the post gain amp in order to
compensate the gain reduced at the
pre-TVG amplifier basically.
The grow post and BGC functions are
prepared for this purpose.

76
 Grow Post and BGC Function
Grow Post Function
Setting on the system menu: PRE-TVG CORRECT (0 to 96 dB) and Post Clip Gain (0 to 96 dB)
The “Grow Post Function” is used when the gain of pre-amplifier is suppressed with
unexpected strong noise; such as screw noise,engine noise, and others.
Generally, when noise is caused by the screw only, use BGC function to remove it’s affection.

[PRE TVG] -「PRE TVG CORRECT」

Post Clip Gain setting
Pre-TVG Curve

Post Gain
Grow post function: off Grow post function: on

Example
96dB
When settings are as follows;
Pre-TVG value :96 dB Post Gain Curve
Pre-TVG Correct value :48 dB 48 dB
Post Gain ：28dB 38dB Pre-TVG Curve
System
Post Clip Gain setting :96 dB
Gain
28dB
Pre-TVG curve clips at the level of
38 dB. On the contrary, the post
gain curve grows from the distance
where the pre TVG is clipped.

77
Range
 Grow Post and BGC Function
BGC Function
Settings (System menu—TRX setting…H) : BGC CORRECT (0 to 30 dB), BGC BOW (0 to
+/-120 degrees, BGC STERN (0 to +-80 degrees)

z BGC function is used when Pre-BGC BMF Post-BGC

the gain is suppressed with
abnormal screw noise.
－BGC(θ) + BGC(θ)
z BGC function decrease the
amplitude of the pre-TVG BGC BOW
amplifier and increase the post
0dB
gain amplifier.
z The lever of decreasing and
increasing with BGC function BGC CORRECT
are same, therefore total gain
doesn’t change with this
BGC STERN
function.
30dB
z BGC bow and stern settings -180° -90° 0° 90° 180°
set the area for correcting the STERN BOW STERN
gain. +0°～+10°
Increase BGC Correction value.

+40°

BGC: OFF BGC: ON

78
 Grow Post and BGC Function

Composite function of BGC and grow post.

The Glow Post function is to erase the effect of sensitivity suppression by non-directivity
noise that is not related to the direction. This function is activated in the beyond distance
decided by PRE TVG CORRECT level setup. When BGC is activated, the Glow Post function
and BGC CORRECT function overlay over the distance set by the Glow Post function.

BGC Function Grow Post Function BGC and Grow Post Function

To cure the sensitivity suppression caused by the noise, utilizing the both function is
recommended.

79
 Grow Post and BGC Function

Effect of grow post and BGC functions

Full speed & Grow post OFF Full speed & Grow post ON

Signal is suppressed by noise.

Full speed & BGC OFF Full speed & BGC ON

Signal is suppressed by noise.

80
 Grow Post and BGC Function

Screw noise signal caused by a grating robe.

When increase the Post Gain too high, screw noise caused by a grating robe may
appears. To suppress this noise, reduce the pose gain by the POST CLIP GAIN setting
and BEAMWIDTH setting.
The grating robe can be reduced by widening the vertical beam width with the BEAMWIDTH
setting basically.
When this noise appears on BGC function, set the BGC BOW angle wider outside of the direction of
this noise.

Screw noise caused by a

grating robe.

Fig. 1P-Clip Gain: 96 dB

Fig. 2 P-Clip Gain: 58dB

5 5 5 2
dB dB

Fig. 3 P-Clip Gain: 55 dB Fig. 4 P-Clip Gain: 52 dB 81