1 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

DAY 3
I/ ESSENTIAL WORDS:
1. Regulate (verb): kiểm soát (ở lượng vừa phải)
- Definition: to control something, especially by making it work in a particular
way.
- Example: Her mother strictly regulates how much TV she can watch.
2. Substantial (adjective): lớn, đáng kể
- Definition: large in size, value, or importance.
- Example: The first draft of his novel needed a substantial amount of rewriting.
3. Trigger (verb): kích động, gây ra
- Definition: to cause something to start.
- Example: Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.
4. Venture (noun): hành động mạo hiểm (liên quan đến doanh nghiệp)
- Definition: a new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty.
- Example: She advised us to look abroad for more lucrative business ventures.
5. Withstand (verb): chịu đựng, chống chọi
- Definition: to be strong enough, or not be changed by something, or to oppose
a person or thing successfully.
- Example: Our toys are designed to withstand the rough treatment of the
average five-year-old.
6. Abandon (verb): bỏ rơi
- Definition: to leave a place, thing, or person, usually for ever.
- Example: As a baby he was abandoned by his mother.
7. Brief (adjective): ngắn gọn
- Definition: lasting only a short time or containing few words.
- Example: It'll only be a brief visit because we really don't have much time.
8. Contrast (noun): sự khác biệt
- Definition: an obvious difference between two or more things.
- Example: There's a marked contrast between his character and hers.
(her character)
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9. Detect (verb): phát hiện

- Definition: to notice something that is partly hidden or not clear, or to discover
something, especially using a special method.
- Example: Financial experts have detected signs that the economy is beginning
to improve.
10. Exclude (verb): loại bỏ, tách ra
- Definition: to prevent someone or something from entering a place or taking
part in an activity.
- Example: Women are still excluded from the club.
11. Fulfill (verb): hoàn thành, thực hiện
- Definition: to do something that is expected, hoped for, or promised, or to
cause it to happen.
- Example: A school fails if it does not fulfill the needs of its pupils.
12. Heritage (noun): di sản
- Definition: features belonging to the culture of a particular society, such as
traditions, languages, or buildings, that were created in the past and still have
historical importance.
- Example: These monuments are a vital part of the cultural heritage of South
America.
13. Inhibit (verb): cấm, cản trở
- Definition: to prevent someone from doing something by making them feel
nervous or embarrassed.
- Example: Some workers were inhibited from speaking by the presence of their
managers. Legislature: lập pháp trias politica
Executive: hành pháp
14. Legislation (noun): bộ luật Judiciary: tư pháp
- Definition: a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official
by a parliament.
- Example: The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuel
emissions from cars.
15. Notional (adjective): trên ý tưởng (không có thật)
- Definition: existing only as an idea, not as something real.
- Example: Almost everyone will have to pay a higher tax bill than the notional
amount suggested by the Treasury Secretary.
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16. Oppress (verb): đàn áp

- Definition: to govern people in an unfair and cruel way and prevent them from
having opportunities and freedom.
dictatorship
- Example: For years now, the people have been oppressed by a ruthless dictator.
độc tài
17. Phenomenon (noun): hiện tượng
- Definition: something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially
something unusual or interesting.
- Example: There's evidence to suggest that child abuse is not just a recent
phenomenon.
18. Reinforce (verb): củng cố (nhấn âm 3)
- Definition: to strengthen (an existing feeling, idea, or habit).
- Example: The final technical report into the accident reinforces the findings of
initial investigations.
19. Sustain (verb): duy trì
- Definition: to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time.
- Example: The economy looks set to sustain its growth into next year.
đã sẵn sàng, đã chuẩn bị đầy đủ
20. Transparent (adjective): rõ ràng
- Definition: clear and easy to understand or recognize.
- Example: I think we should try to make the instructions more transparent.
21. Verify (verb): chứng thực / chứng minh là đúng
- Definition: to prove that something exists or is true, or to make certain that
something is correct.
- Example: These numbers are surprisingly high and they'll have to be verified.
22. Violation (noun): sự vi phạm (pháp luật)
- Definition: an action that breaks or acts against something, especially a law,
agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect.
- Example: The takeover of the embassy constitutes a blatant violation of
international law. trắng trợn
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Coincidence (noun) => Coincident (adj)

23. Coincide (verb): trùng hợp

- Definition: to happen at or near the same time.
- Example: If the heavy rain had coincided with an extreme high tide, serious
flooding would have resulted.
24. Evolve (verb): Phát triển, tiến hóa
- Definition: to develop gradually, or to cause something or someone to develop
gradually.
- Example: Did humans evolve from apes?
25. Fragment (noun): Mảnh, mảnh vỡ
- Definition: a small piece or a part, especially when broken from something
whole.
- Example: The road was covered with fragments of glass from the shattered
window.
26. Infer (verb): Suy luận

- Definition: to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the

information that you have.
- Example: What do you infer from her refusal?
27. Manifest (verb): Thể hiện (cảm xúc)
- Definition: to show something clearly, through signs or actions.
- Example: The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of
strikes. đình công (không làm việc)
28. Neutral (adjective): trung lập
- Definition: not saying or doing anything that would encourage or help any of
the groups involved in an argument or war.
- Example: If there's an argument between my daughter and her mother, it's
important that I remain neutral.
29. Obligation (noun): nghĩa vụ, nhiệm vụ
- Definition: something that you must do.
- Example: I don't have time to do his work for him – I have too many
obligations as it is.
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30. Perceive (verb): hiểu, tin là

- Definition: to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about
something.
- Example: America is perceived of as being less class-conscious than Britain.
quan tâm về giai cấp

II/ WISHES – UNREAL PAST: I wish => Lùi thì

1. Wishes: Hiện tại => Quá khứ
Quá khứ => Quá khứ hoàn thành
Regret about a present situation:
to be: were As if, I would rather S +
I wish (If only) he were here now.
Regret about a past situation:
I wish (If only) he had been with be yesterday.
Complaint / Request / A wish for a change:
I wish (If only) he would stop lying. (complaint)
I wish (If only) you would help me. (request)
I wish (If only) it would stop raining. (a wish for a change)
NEVER SAY: I wish I would…
Regret about a present situation due to lack of ability:
thiếu khả năng
I wish (If only) he could speak French.
2. Unreal past:
Past simple: (Lùi thì: Từ hiện tại => quá khứ)
từ chức
Conditional type 2: If I were you, I would resign.
Wishes (present): I wish I were in London.
I wish I would rather + S + V (lùi thì)
Tôi mong là
ai đó sẽ làm gì đó
I would rather/sooner (present): I would sooner you answered me now. (khoanh trắc nghiệm)
Giả sử Suppose/Supposing: Suppose you were fired, what would you do?

Kiểu như là As if/though: He behaves as if he were rich.

Đã tới lúc It’s (about/high) time: It’s time we left.

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Past perfect: (Lùi thì => Từ quá khứ => quá khứ hoàn thành)
Conditional type 3: If I had been told earlier, I wouldn’t have acted this way.
past => past perfect Wishes (past): If only you hadn’t ruined my dress!

past => past perfect I would rather/sooner (past): I would rather he hadn’t behaved like that last
night.
Suppose/Supposing: Suppose you had lost all your money, what would you
have done?
As if/though: He looked as if he had won the prize.
3. Other structures:
Regret: Regret + V_ing
I regret reading / having read the letter.
It’s a pity: Không lùi thì
increase (verb)
Đó là điều đáng tiếc It’s a pity I read the letter. increase (noun)

Sẽ là tốt hơn nếu bạn You would be better off: + V_ing

You would be better off driving more carefully.
You had better: = You should + V0
You had better drive more carefully.
It would have been better if: (conditional type 3)
ING verb
It would have been better if you hadn’t behaved impolitely.
Prefer/Would prefer: I prefer something to something.
I prefer apple juice to tomato juice. I prefer V_ing to V_ing.
I prefer swimming to climbing.
I prefer to travel by car rather than (travel) by coach. I prefer to do sth rather than do sth.

I would prefer to have apple pie rather than have spinach pie.
I would prefer to do sth
rather than do sth.
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III/ EXERCISES:
1. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given.
stop talking => keep quiet
1: Please, stop talking because I can’t concentrate on the film. QUIET
 I _______________________________________
wish you would be quiet / keep quiet because I can’t concentrate on the
film.
2: Why don’t you show me your stamp collection? LET
 I _______________________________________
wish you would let me see your stamp collection.
3: You look tired. Why don’t you go to bed early tonight? HAD
 You _______________________________________
had better go to be early tonight because/as you look tired.
4: Zoe has a job which makes her feel very stressed. LESS stressful (adj): something
stressed (adj): someone's feeling
 Zoe _______________________________________
wishes she had a less stressful job.
I'm surprised.
5: Meg wants to be left alone because she’s upset. RATHER It's surprising.
I feel relaxed.
 Meg _______________________________________
would rather be left alone because she’s upset. The film is relaxing.
I would rather + V0
6: I regret having committed myself to so many private lessons in the evenings. NOT
I would rather
+ S + V (lui thi)  If _______________________________________
only I had not committed myself to so many private lessons in the
evenings. regret + V_ing (hành động đã ở quá khứ)

7: He regrets not taking her threats of leaving him seriously. WISHES

wishes he took her threats
 He _______________________________________ of leaving him seriously.
wishes he had taken her threats
8: I would love to go on a round-the-world trip. ABLE
 I _______________________________________
wish I were able to go on a round-the-world trip.
9: Why didn’t you take the day off work? BETTER
 It _______________________________________
would have been better if you had taken the day off work.
10: “You’d better tidy your desk.”, he said. TO
 He _______________________________________
advised me to tidy my desk.
11: He’d rather eat with friends than eat alone. PREFERS prefers to eat with friends
rather than eat
 He _______________________________________
prefers eating with friends to eating alone.
12: If we don’t leave now, we won’t catch the train. OR
 We’d _______________________________________
better leave now or we won't catch the train.
(else)
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13: It’s time for you to start learning French. STARTED

 It’s _______________________________________.
(high/about) time you started learning French

14: I prefer to go by car rather than go by coach. SOONER I would sooner do sth than do sth
I would rather do sth than do sth
 I _______________________________________
would sooner go by car than (go) by coach.
15: You really should learn to drive. HIGH
 It’s _______________________________________.
high time you learned/learnt to drive

16: I’d prefer you to do the washing-up now. RATHER

 I’d _______________________________________
rather you did the washing-up now.
2. Choose the correct option:
1: If only I _______ then what I know now!
A. had known
B. knew
C. could know
D. was known
2: “It’s time you _______ in bed. It’s almost midnight, isn’t it?”
“You’re right.”
A. are
B. have been
C. had been
D. were
3: “That trip was a nightmare.”
“Yes, I wish we _______.”
A. went
B. have gone
C. hadn’t gone
D. go
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4: “I overslept and was late for work again.”

“You’d _______ that clock fixed; it hasn’t worked for over a week now.”
A. rather have
B. better to have
C. better have
D. rather had
5: “You missed an exciting start to the football match.”
I
“Yes, it’s a pity _______ on time.”
A. am not
B. haven’t been
C. wasn’t
D. hadn’t been
6: If only I _______ the bill; we wouldn’t have been cut off.
A. paid
B. have paid
C. had been paid
D. had paid
Should have done sth: diễn ra trong quá khứ
7: “I shouldn’t have missed Mary’s party.”
“It’s a pity you _______; we had a lovely time.”
A. haven’t come
B. didn’t come
C. weren’t coming
D. hadn’t come
8: He regrets _______ enough time to finish the exercises.
A. not to have
B. not have had
C. not having
D. to not have
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9: “Do you mind if I tell Mary about your trip?”

“Well, I’d rather you _______ anyone else about it.”
A. wouldn’t tell
B. didn’t tell
C. not to tell
D. haven’t told
10: “You’re looking tired.”
“I’m exhausted. I wish my neighbors _______ loud music when I’m trying to
sleep.”
A. haven’t played
B. wouldn’t play
C. won’t play
D. hadn’t played
11: “It’s a pity Sarah is still unemployed.”
“Yes, if only she _______ university.”
A. would have finished
B. had finished
C. would finish
D. finishes
12: I wish I _______ their help when it was offered.
A. would accept
B. have accepted
C. had accepted
D. accepted
13: Suppose she _______ that outrageous story circulating around the office; she’d be
furious! => Mixed conditional
A. has heard
B. would hear
C. were heard
D. had heard
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14: “Susan looks ready to cry.”

“It looks as if Peter _______ her birthday again!”
A. had been forgetting quá khứ => quá khứ hoàn thành

B. had forgotten
C. has been forgetting
D. has forgotten
15: “Why are you glaring at me?”
“You treat me as if I _______ your slave.”
A. were
B. was being
C. have been
D. had been
16: I’d rather you _______ the deal in writing by the end of next week.
A. confirmed
B. have confirmed
C. had confirmed
D. confirm
17: “You’re looking rather pleased with yourself.”
“Suppose your boss _______ you a big bonus, you would too.”
=> Mixed conditional
A. had offered
B. has been offering
C. would offer
D. had been offered
18: It’s time you _______ about your future.
A. to think
B. had thought
C. thought
D. think
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19: If only she _______ to her principles, she wouldn’t have been led astray.
A. sticks
B. stuck
C. had stuck
D. have stuck
20: “I can’t think of a good excuse for being late.”
“You _______ be honest and tell the truth.”
A. had better
B. would better It would have been better if => conditional type 3

C. would have been better

D. had better to
snobbish (adj)
21: She’s such a snob; she behaves _______ the Queen.
A. as if she has been
B. like she were
C. as if she were
D. like she was
22: “Have I done something wrong?”
“I wish you _______ more tactful; you’re always offending people.”
A. were
B. have been
C. were being
D. had been being
23: I’d rather you _______ a noise last night; I couldn’t get to sleep.
A. wouldn’t make
B. hadn’t make
C. didn’t make
D. haven’t made
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24: If only we _______ more people, then we wouldn’t be feeling so lonely.

A. had known
B. knew
C. have known
D. were known
25: It’s high time you _______ the balcony. It’s covered in leaves and dust.
A. cleaned
B. to be cleaned
C. had cleaned
D. to have cleaned

REFERENCES: Grammar in use, Destination C1/C2, CPE Use of English by

Virginia Evans.