1 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

DAY 2
I/ ESSENTIAL WORDS:
1. Advocate (verb): ủng hộ
- Definition: to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of
doing something.
- Example: She advocates taking a more long-term view.
2. Burden (noun): gánh nặng
- Definition: something difficult or unpleasant that you have to deal with or
worry about.
- Example: I'm afraid this role may have become too much of a heavy burden for
you.
3. Compile (verb): soạn thảo, biên soạn
- Definition: to collect information from different places and arrange it in a book,
report, or list.
- Example: We're compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on the
subject.
4. Deviate (verb): lạc hướng, trệch hướng
- Definition: to do something that is different from the usual or common way of
behaving.
- Example: The recent pattern of weather deviates from the norm for this time of
year. He had been making millions, but he deviated from the
right path and fell into huge debts.
5. Encounter (verb): đối mặt, trải nghiệm
- Definition: to experience something, especially something unpleasant.
- Example: When did you first encounter these difficulties?
6. Flourish (verb): Phát triển
- Definition: to grow or develop successfully.
- Example: Watercolor painting began to flourish in Britain around 1750.
2 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

7. Gradual (adjective): dần dần, từ từ (sự thay đổi)

- Definition: happening or changing slowly over a long period of time or
distance.
- Example: There has been a gradual improvement in our sales figures over the
last two years.
8. Hostile (adjective): thù địch
- Definition: unfriendly and not liking something.
- Example: The president had a hostile reception in Ohio this morning.
9. Manipulate (verb): thao túng
- Definition: to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly
or dishonestly.
- Example: Throughout her career she has very successfully manipulated the
media.
10. Neglect (verb): ngó lơ, không quan tâm
- Definition: to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your
responsibility.
- Example: He neglects that poor dog – he never takes him for walks or gives
him any attention.
11. Obstacle (noun): chướng ngại vật, thử thách
- Definition: something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or
action is prevented or made more difficult.
- Example: The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road.
12. Unpredictable (adjective): không thể đoán trước được
- Definition: likely to change suddenly and without reason and therefore not able
to be expected before it happens or depended on.
- Example: The weather there can be unpredictable – one minute it's blue skies
and the next minute it's pouring rain.
13. Quantify (verb): đo lường (số lượng)
- Definition: to measure or judge the size or amount of something.
- Example: It's difficult to quantify how many people will be affected by the
change.
=> Quantity (noun)
3 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

14. Reconcile (verb): Hòa giải, làm cho hòa hợp

- Definition: to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are opposed to
each other can agree and exist together.
- Example: It is sometimes difficult to reconcile science and religion.
15. Simulate (verb): mô phỏng
- Definition: to do or make something that looks real but is not real.
- Example: In cheap furniture, plastic is often used to simulate wood.
16. Tactic (noun): chiến lược
- Definition: a planned way of doing something.
- Example: These bomb attacks represent a change of tactics by the terrorists.
17. Undermine (verb): làm cho suy yếu
- Definition: to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likely to
succeed, or to make something weaker, often gradually.
- Example: The president has accused two cabinet members of working secretly
to undermine his position.
18. Warrant (verb): đảm bảo
- Definition: to make a particular activity necessary.
- Example: Obviously what she did was wrong, but I don't think it warranted
such a severe punishment.
19. Yield (verb): gặt hái
- Definition: to supply or produce something positive such as a profit, an amount
of food or information.
- Example: The investigation yielded some unexpected results.
20. Acknowledge (verb): thừa nhận
- Definition: to accept, admit, or recognize something, or the truth or existence
of something.
- Example: Historians generally acknowledge her as a genius in her field.
4 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

21. Bias (noun): thành kiến

- Definition: the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in
an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your
judgment.
- Example: There has always been a slight bias towards employing liberal arts
graduates in the company.
22. Cease (verb): dừng lại
- Definition: to stop (something).
- Example: Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen.
23. Derive (verb): bắt nguồn từ (derive from)
- Definition: to get something from something else.
- Example: The institute derives all its money from foreign investments.
24. Entail (verb): đòi hỏi, bao gồm
- Definition: to make something necessary, or to involve something.
- Example: Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk.
25. Friction (noun): sự bất hòa, bất đồng ý kiến
- Definition: disagreement or unfriendliness caused by people having different
opinions.
- Example: There's a lot of friction between my wife and my mother.
26. Guarantee (verb): đảm bảo chắc chắn cái gì đó sẽ xảy ra
- Definition: to promise that something will happen or exist.
- Example: European Airlines guarantees its customers top-quality service.
27. Hypothesis (noun): giả thuyết
- Definition: an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts
but has not yet been proved.
- Example: Several hypotheses for global warming have been suggested.
28. Modification (noun): sự điều chỉnh
- Definition: a change to something, usually to improve it.
- Example: Modification of the engine to run on lead-free fuel is fairly simple.
5 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

29. Omit (verb): loại bỏ

- Definition: to fail to include or do something.
- Example: She was omitted from the list of contributors to the report.
30. Prospect (noun): 1 khả năng
- Definition: the possibility that something good might happen in the future.
- Example: Is there any prospect of the weather improving?

II/ INVERSIONS: goes = does go

1. Type 1 (without auxiliary verb): Specific subject: the nurse, Tom, Bill, Andy
=> specific subject =>pronoun
“There goes Tom!” // “There he goes!” Pronouns: he, she, it, etc.

“Up went the ballon!” // “Up it went!”

balloon
“I’ve just finished.”, said Tom // “I’ve just finished.”, Tom said.
he said (not "Tom said")
2. Type 2 (with auxiliary verb):
a. Inversions with “no”:
__________ + auxiliary verb + subject + verb
In no way: Không bằng cách nào / Không đời nào
Never was she seen.
In no way should you compromise your values.
goes => does go
At no time: Không bao giờ
At no time does he go to the
At no time was the suspect seen near the crime scene. supermarket.
nghi phạm hiện trường vụ án
On no account: Không bao giờ/Không vì bất cứ lí do nào went => did go
On no account are employees permitted to share confidential information.
bảo mật
Under no circumstances: Không vì bất cứ lí do nào
Under no circumstances should you open this door during the experiment.
For no reason:
For no reason did he abandon his lifelong dream.
bỏ đi
Nowhere:
Nowhere could we find a more perfect spot for our picnic.
No longer:
No longer does she worry about trivial matters.

She no longer worries about trivial matters.

No longer does she worry about trivial matters.

6 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

I shall buy no sneakers for you.

No + noun:
No sneakers shall I buy for you. No sneakers shall I buy for you.
b. Inversions with “only”:
Only by: + V_ing / Noun + đảo ngữ
Only by working together can we overcome this challenge.
Only when: + S + V + đảo ngữ
Only when the sun sets does the night sky reveal its true beauty.
Only after: + V-ing/ Noun / S+V + đảo ngữ
Only after thorough testing should the product be released to the market.
Only if: + S + V + đảo ngữ
Only if all safety protocols are followed will employees be allowed to operate
the machinery. quy tắc
Only in this way: + đảo ngữ
Only in this way can we ensure the preservation of these endangered species.
Only then:
Only then did she realize the true value of her education.
Only with _______: + Noun + đảo ngữ
Only with proper preparation can students excel in their exams.
c. Inversions with “not”:
Not until: Not until + mốc thời gian / S+ V + đảo ngữ
Not until the last minute did he submit his assignment.
Not since: Not since + mốc thời gian / S+V + đảo ngữ
Not since the 1980s has this style of music been so popular.
Not even once: + đảo ng
Not even once has she missed a day of work in her entire career.
Not only … but also: Not only + đảo ngữ, but also giữ nguyên
Not only did she win the competition, but she also set a new record.
Not any + noun: + đảo ngữ
Not any chances will we work together in the future.
Not a chance (fixed phrase)
 7 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

d. Inversions with “So” / “Such”:

So: So + adj + to be + Subject + that So exhausted had she been ....
So exhausted was she after the marathon that she slept for twelve hours
straight.
So + adverb + aux + Subject + verb + that
So quickly did the news spread that within an hour, the whole town knew about
the incident.
Such: Such + to be + noun + that
Such was his dedication to the project that he worked through weekends and
holidays.
e. Inversions with conditionals (learned) (Formal form)
f. Other structures:
Never:
Never have I tasted such delicious sushi.
Rarely:
Rarely does one encounter such kindness from strangers.
negative adverbials
Hardly:
Hardly can she contain her excitement about the upcoming concert.
Seldom:
Seldom do we see such perfect weather conditions for stargazing.
Little: Little does sb know/realize ....
Little did they realize the impact their discovery would have on modern
science.
Little does she know about history.
Never before: She knows little about history.

Never before has the city experienced such extreme temperatures.

No sooner … than: No sooner + đảo ngữ / than + S + V Note: No sooner (past perfect)
than (past simple)
No sooner had we arrived at the beach than it started to rain.
Hardly … when: Hardly + đảo ngữ / when + S + V Hardly (past perfect),
when (past simple)
Hardly had I fallen asleep when the phone rang.
Scarcely … when: Scarcely + đảo ngữ / when + S + V
Scarcely had the plane taken off when the passengers heard a strange noise.

Barely ... when

8 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

Neither: cũng không

He hadn’t done any homework, neither had he brought any of his books to
class.
Nor: cũng không
We didn’t get to see the castle, nor did we see the cathedral.
So:
“I like chicken.” Beautifully though she sings, she doesn't study very well.

“So do I.”
Beautiful though she is, she doesn't study very well.
Though: / As Adj + though + subject + to be
Adv + though + subject + verb
Tired though she was, she continued working on her project.
Although she was tired, ....
As:
Italy produces many excellent wines, as does Spain. auxiliary verb of "produces" => does
France is is a founder member of the EU, as is Belgium.
Than:
Children living in villages watch more television than do their counterparts in
inner city areas.
The infants of humans are more helpless than are those of most other animals.
May:
May your journey be safe.

III/ EXERCISES:
1. Choose the correct option.
1: “I’m going out now” “________ you happen to pass a chemist’s, would you get me
some aspirins?”
A. Had
B. Did
C. Would
D. Should
9 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

2: “Did you know the Queen was in town yesterday?” “Yes. ________ I gone
shopping, I would have seen her.”
A. Were
B. Was
C. Had
D. Should
3: “I can’t understand our new French teacher’s accent.” “________”
A. Nor can I
B. Nor do I
C. Neither do I
D. Neither will I
4: “So, how was the film?”. “It was great! ________ you come, you would have
enjoyed yourself.”
A. Should
B. Had
C. Were
D. Would
5: “Jane bought a new dress this morning.” “What a circumstance! ________.”
A. So have I
B. So did I
C. Nor did I
D. Nor have I
2. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
one (using the word given).
1: You must never mention this to him. CIRCUMSTANCES
 ____________________________________________________________.
Under no circumstances must you mention this to him.

2: They could only get to the island if they hired a single-engine aircraft. BY
 Only __________________________________________________________.
by hiring a single-engine aircraft could they get to the island

3: He talks so much that he drives everyone mad. DOES

 So ____________________________________________________________.
much does he talk that he drives everyone mad.
10 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

4: You must not leave the iron switched on for a long time. ACCOUNT
 ____________________________________________________________.
On no account must you leave the iron switched on for a long time.

5: I hardly ever travelled abroad when I was a student. TRAVEL

 Rarely _________________________________________________________.
did I travel abroad when I was a student.

6: I was opposed to the new road being built. Everyone else in the village was
opposed to it, too. AS
 ____________________________________________________________.
I was opposed to the new road being built, as was everyone else in the village.

7: Compared with their counterparts 20 years ago, the highly educated now receive
vastly higher salaries. THAN
 ____________________________________________________________.
8: The public was never in danger.
 Never _________________________________________________________.
was the public in danger.
When being on a trip, I feel
9: He only felt entirely relaxed with close friends and family. exhausted. (unpopular)
 Only __________________________________________________________.
when being with / with close friends and family did he feel entirely relaxed

10: I didn’t imagine that the boss had called me into her office to fire me.
 Little __________________________________________________________.
did I imagine that the boss had called me into her office to fire me

11: If it were not for financial assitance from the government, the museum would have
assistance
closed long ago.
it not for financial assistance from the government, the museum would have closed long ago
 Were __________________________________________________________.
12: If we had known how ill Rob was, we would have taken him straight to the
hospital.
 Had __________________________________________________________.
we known how ill Rob was, we would have taken him straight to the hospital

3. Complete the sentences with an appropriate adverb and a form of either

“go” and “come”.
down came the rain and we got
1: We’d just got to the top of the hill when __________
thoroughly soaked. the rain came down
2: Just when you’ve bought a computer that you think will last a liftime, __________
along comes
some new software that needs an even bigger hard disk.
3: Whenever I ask the class a question, __________
up went their hands and they sit patiently
until I choose one of them to answer.
4: I asked Dave to get three kilos of potatoes from the supermarket and he only bought
one, so __________
back he __________
went to get some more.

Phrasal verb: Verb + preposition

11 LỚP CHUYÊN ANH MÙA HÈ – CHUYÊN ANH TUTORIALS

in came
5: After I’d been waiting for an hour, the door opened and __________ the nurse, who
said the dentist would be able to see me.
along came a man
6: We’d given up hope of getting the car out of the three, when __________
with a ladder.
off
7: As soon as I’d given Jo some pocket money, __________ went
she __________ to buy
sweets from the shop.

REFERENCES: Grammar in use, Destination C1/C2, CPE Use of English by

Virginia Evans.