SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BMEE306L
Computer Aided Design and Finite Element Analysis
Class ID: VL2023240504236
Slot: G2+TG2
Venue: MB212

S RENOLD ELSEN
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Sr
DDA/SMEC
Mobile: 9994304360
Mail ID: renoldelsen.s@vit.ac.in
TOPIC

Lecture
Module Introduction to CAD
Hours

Raster-scan graphics-Coordinate systems-Database

structures for graphic modelling-Engineering Data
Management system- Transformation of geometry-3D
1 4
Transformations-Clipping-Hidden line/surface removal-
Colour-Shading
Introduction
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the usage of
computer technology to assist in the creation,
modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.
Zeid, Ibrahim. (2006). Mastering CAD/CAM. McGraw-Hill Education.

Geometric
Modeling TASK OF CAD
 Geometric modelling
 Engineering analysis
Computer  Design review & evaluation
Design
Graphics  Automated drafting
 Parts classification and coding
CAD Tools for design process

DESIGN PHASE REQUIRED CAD TOOLS

Design conceptualization Geometric modelling technique; graphics aid; manipulation and

visualization
Design Modeling and Geometric modelling technique; graphics aid; manipulation and
simulation visualization, animation; assemblies; special modelling package.
Design analysis Analysis packages; customized programs and packages

Design optimization Customized application; structural optimisation.

Design evaluation Dimensioning; Tolerance; BOM; NC

Design communication and Drafting and detailing

documentation
Modeling
The process of creating a digital representation of physical objects or
systems using specialized computer software.
2D Modeling: Involves creating two-dimensional representations of objects or
systems.
3D Modeling: Involves creating three-dimensional representations of objects or
systems.
Wireframe Modeling: Represents objects using only lines and curves.
Solid Modeling: Represents objects as complete, watertight solids.
Surface Modeling: Focuses on the creation and manipulation of surfaces rather than solids.
Freeform or Sculptural Modeling: Allows for the creation of organic and freeform shapes.
Parametric Modeling: Utilizes parameters and constraints to define
relationships between geometric elements.
Assembly Modeling: Involves assembling multiple components into a cohesive
system.
FEA and CFD Modeling: Involve a systematic process of defining the problem,
setting up the model, running the simulation, and analyzing the results.
Application of CAD
 Conceptual Design
 3D Modeling
 Drafting, Documentation, and Collaboration
 Design Validation
 Assembly Validation
 Computer-Aided Manufacturing
 FEA and CFD
 Kinematics and Dynamics
 Visualization and Rendering
 3D printing
 Reverse Engineering
 AR & VR
Role of computers in manufacturing
1.Monitoring and Control of the manufacturing process
2.Manufacturing support for actual manufacturing and
post-manufacture operations

 CAD Computer Aided Design

 CADD Computer Aided Design and Drafting
 CAE Computer Aided Engineering
 CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing
 CAPP Computer Aided Process Planning
 CATD Computer Aided Tool Design
 CAQ Computer Aided Quality Assurance
 CAT Computer Aided Testing
Types of Scanning
A method of images or scenes generation in computer graphics.
Random Scan/ Vector Scan / Stroke writing
displays

Raster Scan
Raster Scan Graphics
In this technique, an image is composed on grid of pixels/pels (picture
elements), by assigning a specific color or intensity from electron beam scans.

Scan Line

Ht retrace

Vt retrace

Raster scanning Interlaced scanning

Raster scan graphics, also known as rasterization

CRT displays

Refresh Display – (Random scan technology)

Direct View Storage Tube DVST – (Random scan technology)

Raster Display – (Raster scan technology).

Raster Scan Display
The whole display surface is divided into a matrix of small dots called
pixel/pel (picture elements) and the electron beam scans the whole surface
area line by line

Raster scan displays have a refresh rate of at-least

60 (60Hz) to 120 frames per second (120Hz).
Normal Display
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Colour Display
The Shadow Mask method produces wider range of colours by varying
the intensity levels of the three electron beams.
Combinations of beam intensities produce a small light spot for each
pixel position, since our eyes tend to merge the three colors into one
composite
Low-cost systems, the electron beam can only be set to on or off, limiting
displays to eight colors.
Adv of Raster scan over Random Scan
Cost-Effectiveness: The technology required for raster scanning is simpler and
less expensive to implement.
Complexity of Graphics: They can easily represent intricate shapes and pattern as
they are better suited for displaying complex images and detailed graphics.
Vector displays may struggle with detailed imagery.
Processing Efficiency: Inherently more compatible with the way images are
stored and processed in computer memory. Images are typically stored as a grid of
pixels, making it easier to directly map them to a raster display.
Vector displays, on the other hand, require additional processing to convert vector data into
displayable images.
Versatility: can efficiently display both static and dynamic images.
Widespread Adoption: Raster scan displays have been widely adopted in the
computer industry, leading to a larger availability of software and hardware
support.
Color Representation: Raster scan displays are well-suited for representing
colors, as each pixel can be individually colored.
Vector displays may face challenges in accurately representing a wide range of colors.