2023 Mathematics Ext 1 HSC Trial

YEAR 12
2023 TRIAL HSC

EXAMINATION
Mathematics Extension 1
General • Reading time – 10 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference is provided at the back of this paper
• For questions in Section II, show relevant mathematical
reasoning and/or calculations
• Write your Student ID below and on each additional working
booklet
Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 2–6)

70 • Attempt Questions 1–10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Section II – 60 marks (pages 7–14)

• Attempt Questions 11–14
• Use a separate writing booklet for each question
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section
STUDENT ID ______________________________________
THIS PAPER CANNOT BE RELEASED IN PUBLIC UNTIL AFTER 25th AUGUST 2023
This paper is used with the understanding that it has a Security Period. ©Total Education Centre
Mathematics Extension 1 HSC Trial 2023
Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1-10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Use the provided answer sheet for Questions 1-10.
1 Which of the following is the correct solution for |3 − 2𝑥| > 2 ?
1 5
A. <𝑥<
2 2
1 5
B. 𝑥 < ,𝑥 >
2 2
−5 −1
C. <𝑥<
2 2
5 1
D. 𝑥 < ,𝑥 >
2 2
! !
2 If − " ≤ 𝑥 ≤ "
, find the maximum and minimum values of 𝑓(𝑥) = √3 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥.
A. Maximum = 2, Minimum = −2
B. Maximum = 2, Minimum = −√3
C. Maximum = √3, Minimum = −2
D. Maximum = √3, Minimum = −√3
3 A circle has centre (2, −3) and radius 4.
If the parametric equations of this circle are 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 cos(𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝑐 + 𝑑 sin(𝑡),

where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑑 are integers, what are the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑑?
A. 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = − 2, 𝑐 = 4 and 𝑑 = 3
B. 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 2, 𝑐 = 4 and 𝑑 = −3
C. 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 4, 𝑐 = −3 and 𝑑 = 4
D. 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 4, 𝑐 = 3 and 𝑑 = 4
© Total Education Centre 2023 –2–

! #!
4 It is given that "
< 𝜃 < 𝜋 , and 𝜋 < 𝛼 < "
, where cos 𝜃 = 𝑝 and sin 𝛼 = 𝑝.
Which of the following is the correct expression for sin(𝛼 + 𝜃)?
A. −1
B. 1 + 2𝑝"
C. 2𝑝" − 1
D. 𝑝 + E1 − 𝑝"
5 The population 𝑃(𝑡) of a species is modelled by the logistic differential equation.
Which one of the following differential equations could represent the population for
suitably chosen positive constants 𝑟 and 𝐶?
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
A. =
𝑑𝑃 𝑟𝑃(𝐶 − 𝑃)
𝑑𝑃 𝑃−𝐶
B. = 𝑟𝑃 I J
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
𝑑𝑡 1
C. =
𝑑𝑃 𝑟(𝐶 − 𝑃)
𝑑𝑃
D. = 𝑟(𝑃 − 𝐶)
𝑑𝑡
6 A function 𝑓(𝑥) has x-intercepts, −2 and 5, and a y-intercept of −1.
Which of the following gives the correct 𝑥 and 𝑦 intercepts of the graph 𝑦 = 𝑓(|𝑥|)?
A. 𝑥-intercepts are −2 and 5, and the 𝑦-intercept is 1

B. 𝑥-intercepts are 2 and −5, and the 𝑦-intercept is 1
C. 𝑥-intercepts are −2 and 2, and the 𝑦-intercept is −1
D. 𝑥-intercepts are −5 and 5, and the 𝑦-intercept is −1

7 It is given that,
𝑎 𝑥
K "
𝑑𝑥 = 2 tan$% +𝑐
𝑏+𝑥 √2
where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ.
What is the value of 𝑎?
A. √2
B. 2
!
C. 2 √2
D. 2√2
8 The diagram shows eleven points lying on two straight line intervals.
How many quadrilaterals can be formed using the points as vertices?
A. 90
B. 210
C. 290
D. 330

9 A differential equation has a direction field shown below.
A solution curve to this differential equation includes (1, −3).
Which one of the following points will the solution curve also include?
A. (−1, −1)
B. (−1, 0)
C. (0, 0.75)
D. (1, 2)

%
10 It is given that 𝑥 = sin$% and that the value of 𝑦 increases at a constant rate of 0.5
√'
units/second.
At what rate (in units/second) does 𝑥 increase when 𝑦 = 2?
1
A. −
8
1
B. −
4
1
C. −
2
𝜋
D.
4

Student ID:
HSC TRIAL
2023 EXAMINATION
Section II
60 marks
Attempt Questions 11–14
Allow about 1 hours and 45 minutes for this section
Instructions
• Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet.
• Your responses should include relevant mathematical

reasoning and/or calculations.
• Write your Student ID above
Please turn over

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.
(a) Find the equation of the quartic shown below.
(b) Find the domain of 𝑦 = cos $% (𝑥 " − 𝑥). 3
(c) Forces of 60𝑁 and 20𝑁 act on an object, considered point A, as shown in the
diagram.
NOT TO
SCALE
(i) Find the sum of the resolved parts of the forces in the horizontal direction. 1
(ii) The vector sum of these forces acting on the object at point 𝐴 is called the 2
resultant force.
Find the resultant force vector using 𝑖 − 𝑗 notation.
Question 11 continues on page 9

Question 11 (continued)
(d) Solve 3 sin 𝑥 + 4 cos 𝑥 = 1 , where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°, using the substitution 4

(
𝑡 = tan " . Give your answers to the nearest degree.
(e) Find in simplest exact form: 3

!
"
K 4sin" 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
!
#
End of Question 11

(a) One of the terms in the expansion of (3𝑥 − 2𝑦)) is 𝑘𝑥 " 𝑦 # . 2
Find the value of 𝑘.
(b) A projectile is launched from the origin at ground level with initial velocity vector
𝑣% = 16𝑖 + 30𝑗.
At the same time, a second projectile is launched from a point 60 metres to the right
of the origin and 25 metres above ground level with initial velocity vector
𝑣" = −8𝑖 + 20𝑗.
(i) Find the displacement vectors of both objects given 𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑠 $" . 2
(ii) Show that the two projectiles collide. 2
(c) It is given that 3

1+𝑥
K 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥)√1 − 𝑥 + 𝑐
√1 − 𝑥
where 𝑐 ∈ ℝ.
Use the substitution 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 to find 𝐴(𝑥).
(d) A solid of revolution is to be formed by rotating about the 𝑦-axis, the region 3
bounded by the curve, 𝑦 = 2 ln(𝑥 − 1) and the y-axis between 𝑦 = 0 and
𝑦 = 2 ln 2.
Find the simplest exact value for the solid’s volume.
© Total Education Centre 2023 – 10 –

(e) The diagram below shows triangle AOB, where aaaaa⃗

𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎 and aaaaa⃗
𝑂𝐵 = 𝑏 . 𝑂𝐶 and 𝑂𝐸
aaaaa⃗ while C bisects aaaaa⃗
are medians which intersect at X as shown. 𝐸 bisects 𝑂𝐴 𝐴𝐵.
(i) Find aaaaa⃗

𝑂𝐶 in terms of 𝑎 and 𝑏 . 1
aaaaa⃗ is perpendicular to 𝐴𝐵
(ii) If 𝑂𝐶 aaaaa⃗ , prove that triangle AOB is isosceles. 2
End of Question 12

(a) A group of 8 co-workers made up of 4 men and 4 women are participating in a 2

team-building activity. They are to be organised in a circular formation.
The arrangement must adhere to these guidelines:

1. No two men can be positioned adjacent to one another.
2. No two women can be positioned adjacent to one another.
3. Elizabeth and Charles must be positioned side by side.
How many different arrangements are possible?
(b) 𝛼 and 𝛽 are acute angles which satisfy the following equations
2𝜋
𝛼 + 2𝛽 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑
3
𝛼
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽 = 2 − √3
2
*
(i) Show that tan " and tan 𝛽 are the roots of the quadratic 2
𝑥 " − g3 − √3h𝑥 + 2 − √3 = 0
!
(ii) Using double angle formulae, show that 𝛼 = . 2
+
(c) Let points 𝐴 and 𝐵 represent the position vectors 𝑎 = 3𝑖 + 4𝑗 and 𝑏 = 5𝑖 + 12𝑗
respectively.
(i) Find the unit vector of 𝑎 and 𝑏. 2
(ii) Let the unit vectors of 𝑎 and 𝑏 represent points 𝐴′ and 𝐵′ respectively. 2
Find, giving all mathematical reasoning, the unit vector which bisects
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵.

(d) Students play a game where they can take a leap to the right with a probability of
0.45 or a leap to the left with a probability of 0.55.
(i) Determine the probability that after completing 9 leaps, a student finds 2
herself 5 leaps to the left from her initial position. Give your answer correct
to two decimal places.
(ii) By using a normal approximation to the sample proportion, estimate the 3

probability that after 50 leaps, the same student finds herself to the right of
her initial position. Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
End of Question 13

(a) Use mathematical induction to prove that 3
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + ⋯+ =
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) (𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2) (𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 3) (2𝑛 − 1)2𝑛 2𝑛
for all integers 𝑛 ≥ 1.
,'
(b) Find the particular solution to the differential equation ,( = 1 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 that 4
passes through the point (2, −1).
(c) A tank contains 100 L of pure water.
Water containing 0.25 kg of salt per litre is pumped into the tank at 4 litres per
minute. At the same time, the well-mixed solution is pumped out of the tank at 6
litres per minute.
(i) Giving clear reasoning, show that the mass m kg of salt in the tank after t 2
minutes can be modelled by the differential equation
𝑑𝑚 3𝑚
+ =1
𝑑𝑡 50 − 𝑡
(ii) Show that the general solution to the differential equation can be written as 2
1
𝑚(𝑡) = 𝑐(50 − 𝑡)# + (50 − 𝑡)
2
where 𝑐 is some constant.
(iii) Find the maximum mass of salt (in kg) in the tank, giving your answer 4
correct to one decimal place.
End of paper

Student ID:
HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE
2023 TRIAL EXAMINATION
Year 12 Trial HSC
Section I Answer Sheet
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response circle completely.
1 A B C D
2 A B C D
3 A B C D
4 A B C D
5 A B C D
6 A B C D
7 A B C D
8 A B C D
9 A B C D
10 A B C D
© Total Education Centre 2023

Mathematics Advanced
REFERENCE SHEET
Measurement Financial Mathematics

Length A = P (1 + r )
n
q
l= ´ 2p r
360
Sequences and series
Area
Tn = a + ( n - 1) d
q
A= ´p r2
360
n n
h
A = (a + b) Sn = éë 2a + ( n - 1) d ùû = ( a + l )
2 2 2
Surface area Tn = ar n -1
𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 " + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 " a ( r n - 1) a (1 - r n )
Sn = = ,r ¹1
Volume r -1 1- r
1
V= Ah a
3 S= , r <1
4 1- r
V = p r3
3
Functions
Logarithmic and Exponential Functions
-b ± b2 - 4ac
x= log a a x = x = a loga x
2a
For ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 : log b x
log a x =
b log b a
a + b +g = -
a a x = e x ln a
c
ab + ag + bg =
a
d
and abg = -
a
Relations
( x - h) + ( y - k )
2 2
= r2
Trigonometric Functions Statistical Analysis

opp adj opp
sin A = , cos A = , tan A = x-µ An outlier is a score
hyp hyp adj z= less than Q1 - 1.5 ´ IQR
1 s
A= ab sin C or
2 more than Q3 + 1.5 ´ IQR
a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C Normal distribution
𝑐 ! = 𝑎! + 𝑏! − 2𝑎𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐶
a 2 + b2 - c 2
cos C =
2ab
l = rq
1
A = r 2q
2
Trigonometric identities • approximately 68% of scores have
1 z-scores between -1 and 1
sec A = , cos A ¹ 0 • approximately 95% of scores have
cos A
z-scores between -2 and 2
1
cosec A = , sin A ¹ 0 • approximately 99.7% of scores have
sin A z-scores between -3 and 3
cos A E(X ) = µ
cot A = , sin A ¹ 0
sin A
Var ( X ) = E é( X - µ ) ù = E ( X 2 ) - µ 2
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛! 𝑥 = 1
ë û
Compound angles Probability
sin ( A + B ) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B P ( A Ç B ) = P ( A) P ( B )
cos ( A + B ) = cos A cos B - sin A sin B P ( A È B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B )
tan A + tan B
tan ( A + B ) = P ( A Ç B)
1 - tan A tan B P ( A | B) = , P( B) ¹ 0
A 2t P ( B)
If t = tan then sin A =
2 1+ t2 Continuous random variables
1- t2 x
cos A = P ( X £ x ) = ò f ( x )dx
1+ t2
a
2t b
tan A =
1- t2 P ( a < X < b ) = ò f ( x )dx
1 a
cos A cos B = éëcos ( A - B ) + cos ( A + B ) ùû
2 Binomial distribution
1
sin A sin B = éëcos ( A - B ) - cos ( A + B ) ùû P ( X = r ) = nCr pr (1 - p )
n-r
2
1 𝑋 ∼ 𝐵𝑖𝑛(𝑛, 𝑝)
sin A cos B = éësin ( A + B ) + sin ( A - B ) ùû
2 ⇒ 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥)
1 𝑛
cos A sin B = éësin ( A + B ) - sin ( A - B ) ùû = q r 𝑝 ( (1 − 𝑝))$( , 𝑥 = 0,1, . . . , 𝑛
2 𝑥
1 E ( X ) = np
sin 2 nx = (1 - cos 2nx )
2 Var ( X ) = np (1 - p )
1
cos 2 nx = (1 + cos 2nx )
2
Differential Calculus Integral Calculus

Function Derivative
1
f ¢( x) [ f ( x) ] dx = [ f ( x) ] + c
n +1
ò
n
dy n +1
= nf ¢( x) [ f ( x) ]
n -1
y = f ( x) n
dx where n ¹ -1
dy dv du
y = uv =u +v
dx dx dx ò f ¢( x)sin f ( x)dx = - cos f ( x) + c
dy dy du
𝒚 = 𝒈(𝒖), 𝒖 = 𝒇(𝒙) = ´
dx du dx
ò f ¢( x)cos f ( x)dx = sin f ( x) + c
du dv
u v -u
dy
y= = dx 2 dx
ò f ¢( x)sec f ( x)dx = tan f ( x) + c
2
v dx v
dy
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑓 (𝑥) = f ¢( x) cos f ( x)
dx
ò f ¢( x)e dx = e f ( x ) + c
f ( x)
dy
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑓 (𝑥) = - f ¢( x)sin f ( x)
dx
f ¢( x)
dy ò f ( x)
dx = ln f ( x) + c
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑓 (𝑥) = f ¢( x)sec2 f ( x)
dx
dy a f ( x)
y = e f ( x) = f ¢( x)e f ( x )
dx ò f ¢( x)a f ( x ) dx =
ln a
+c
dy f ¢( x)
𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑓 (𝑥) =
dx f ( x) f ¢( x) f ( x)
ò dx = sin -1 +c
a 2 - [ f ( x) ] a
2
y=a f ( x)
f ¢( x) 1 -1 f ( x)
dy ò a + [ f ( x)]
2 2
dx =
a
tan
a
+c
= ( ln a ) f ¢( x)a f ( x )
dx
dy f ¢( x)
𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔" 𝑓 (𝑥) = dv du
dx ( ln a ) f ( x) ò u dx dx = uv - ò v dx dx
dy f ¢( x)
y = sin -1 f ( x) =
dx 1 - [ f ( x) ]
2 b
b-a
ò f ( x)dx » 2n
{ f (a) + f (b) + 2 [ f ( x1 ) + ... + f ( xn-1 )]}
a
dy f ¢( x)
-1
y = cos f ( x) =- where a = x0 and b = xn
dx 1 - [ f ( x) ]
2
dy f ¢( x )
y = tan -1 f ( x) =
dx 1 + [ f ( x) ]2
Combinatorics
n!
n
Pr =
( n - r )!
ænö n n!
ç ÷ = Cr =
èrø r !( n - r ) !
ænö ænö
( x + a ) = x n + ç ÷ x n-1a + ... + ç ÷ x n-r a r + ... + a n
n
è1ø èrø
Vectors
u = xi + yj = x2 + y 2
! ! !
u × v = u v cos q = x1 x2 + y1 y2 ,
! ! ! !
where u = x1i + y1 j
! ! !
and v = x2 i + y2 j
! ! !
𝒓̰ = 𝒂̰ + 𝝀𝒃̰
Complex Numbers
z = a + ib = r ( cos q + i sin q )
= reiq
éë r ( cos q + i sin q ) ùû = r n ( cos nq + i sin nq )
n
= r n einq
Mechanics
d 2 x dv dv d æ 1 ö
2
= = v = ç v2 ÷
dt dt dx dx è 2 ø
x = a cos ( nt + a ) + c
x = a sin ( nt + a ) + c
x = -n 2 ( x - c )
!!
2023 Mathematics Extension 1 Year 12 Trial HSC

Marking Guidelines
Section 1
Multiple-choice Answer Key (explanations over page)
Question Answer
1 B
2 B
3 C
4 C
5 A
6 D
7 D
8 A
9 C
10 A
© Total Education Centre 2023 –1– Mathematics Ext 1 Marking Guidelines

Explanation of Multiple Choice Answers
Question Answer Explanation

Need to solve 3 − 2𝑥 > 2 and 3 − 2𝑥 < −2
1 B % -
∴ 𝑥 < " and 𝑥 > "
Consider writing √3 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 in the form 𝐴 sin(𝑥 + 𝜃).

!
𝐴 = 2 and 𝜃 = +
!
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 sin q𝑥 + + r
2 B ! !
We also need to consider the domain, − " ≤ 𝑥 ≤ "
!
Maximum value is 2 , while minimum value occurs at 𝑥 = − " , 𝑓(𝑥) =
−√3
Rewrite parametric equations in the form,

($. '$0
/
= cos 𝑡 and , = sin 𝑡
Squaring these equations and adding them gives,
𝑥−𝑎 " 𝑦−𝑐 "
3 C q r +q r =1
𝑏 𝑑
For a circle, 𝑏 " = 𝑑 " = 16 (
∴𝑏=𝑑=4
Since the centre is (2, −3) ,
𝑎 = 2 , 𝑐 = −3
If cos 𝜃 = 𝑝 , then sin 𝜃 = E1 − 𝑝" , since sin 𝜃 > 0 .

If sin 𝛼 = 𝑝 , then cos 𝛼 = −E1 − 𝑝" , since cos 𝛼 < 0 .
4 C 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝜃) = sin 𝛼 cos 𝜃 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝜃
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝜃) = 𝑝 × 𝑝 + q−E1 − 𝑝" r × qE1 − 𝑝" r
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝜃) = 𝑝" − (1 − 𝑝" ) = 2𝑝" − 1
,1 3 ,2 4
5 A When rewriting ,2 = 42(3$2) , we have ,1 = 3 𝑃(𝐶 − 𝑃)
When sketching 𝑦 = 𝑓(|𝑥|) , the graph is symmetrical about the y-axis

6 D
with the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) for 𝑥 ≥ 0 and its reflection in the y-axis.

𝑎 1 𝑎 𝑥
K "
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 K " 𝑑𝑥 = tan$% I J + 𝐶
𝑏+𝑥 g√𝑏h + 𝑥 " √𝑏 √𝑏
. ( (
Since we know tan$% q r + 𝐶 = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛$% + 𝐶,
√/ √/ √"
7 D
𝑏=2
𝑎
∴ =2
√2
∴ 𝑎 = 2√2
We need to consider 7𝐶" × +𝐶" since the corner point can’t be used to
8 A
make any quadrilateral.
There is a straight line asymptote at around 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 for the family of

curves below this asymptote. (1,2) falls on the upper side of this
asymptote and (−1,0) fall on the asymptote. (−1, −1) is out of ‘range’
for the particular solution in question. Note: 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 actually also
serves as a particular solution to the underlying differential equation.
9 C
1 $# %
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 2 𝑦 " 1 𝑦" 1
= = × = # =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 1 2 −4𝑦 " E𝑦 − 1 −4𝑦E𝑦 − 1
10 A u1 −
𝑦
𝑑𝑥 1 1
∴ 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 2, = =−
𝑑𝑡 −4 × 2√2 − 1 8

Section II
Note: An incorrect answer in a previous part will not necessarily preclude students from
achieving full marks in a later part. Answers here are based on correct prior part answers.
Marking will need to adapt to pursue correct method with the use of incorrect prior parts.
Question 11 (a)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
• Determines that the required function takes the form
1
𝑦 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)# , or equivalent merit
Sample answer:
Since the function is a quartic, with an x-intercept at 𝑥 = −3, and a triple root at 𝑥 = 2,
the function takes the form
𝑦 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)#
To find the value of 𝐴, consider the y-intercept at 𝑦 = −4.
−4 = 𝐴(0 + 3)(0 − 2)#
1
∴𝐴=
6
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)#
𝑦=
6
Question 11 (b)
Criteria Marks
• Makes significant progress by giving
% " - 2
0 ≤ q𝑥 − "r ≤ 7
, or equivalent merit
% " %
• Recognises that −1 ≤ 𝑥 " − 𝑥 ≤ 1 or rewrites 𝑥 " − 𝑥 as q𝑥 − "r − 7 1
Sample answer:
We need to consider −1 ≤ 𝑥 " − 𝑥 ≤ 1

% " % %
Note, 𝑥 " − 𝑥 = q𝑥 − "r − 7 , with a minimum value of − 7 .
Therefore the inequality becomes,

1 1 " 1
− ≤ I𝑥 − J − ≤ 1
4 2 4
1 " 5
0 ≤ I𝑥 − J ≤
2 4
1 − √5 1 + √5
∴ ≤𝑥≤
2 2
Question 11 (c)(i)
Criteria Marks
Sample answer:
Resolve forces in a horizontal direction.

√#
For the force of 20𝑁, the horizontal component is 20 cos 30° = 20 × "
= 10√3.
%
For the force of 60𝑁, the horizontal component is −60 cos 60° = −60 × " = −30.
The sum of these horizontal components gives g10√3 − 30h 𝑁
Question 11 (c)(ii)
Criteria Marks
• Finds the vertical components of the given forces 1
Sample answer:
Consider the vertical components of the forces.
%
For the force of 20𝑁, the vertical component is 20 sin 30° = 20 × " = 10.
√#
For the force of 60𝑁, the vertical component is 60 sin 60° = 60 × "
= 30√3.
The resultant vector is g10√3 − 30h 𝑖 + g10 + 30√3h𝑗

Question 11 (d)
Criteria Marks
• Provides complete solution 4
• Finds one correct solution for 𝑥, or equivalent merit 3
• Evaluates the t-value 2
• Makes progress transforming the equation in x to an equation in t 1
Sample answer:
"1 %$1 "
Using t-formulae, we have 3 × %81 " + 4 × %81 " = 1
× (1 + 𝑡 " ) gives 6𝑡 + 4(1 − 𝑡 " ) = 1 + 𝑡 "

6𝑡 + 4 − 4𝑡 " = 1 + 𝑡 "
5𝑡 " − 6𝑡 − 3 = 0
6 ± E36 − 4(5 × −3) 6 ± √96
𝑡= =
2×5 10
( +87√+ ( +$7√+
∴ 𝑡 = tan " = %9
, and 𝑡 = tan " = %9
( (
∴ " = 57.66646 … , 237.66646 … and " = 159.20342 … , 200.79657 …
∴ 𝑥 = 115° and 𝑥 = 318° to the nearest degree, for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°.
Also, check if 𝑥 = 180° is a solution.

𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 3 sin 180° + 4 cos 180° = −4
≠1
∴ 𝑥 = 180° is not a solution.
Question 11 (e)
Criteria Marks
• Integrates correctly, or equivalent merit 2
• Correctly writes integral in cos 2𝑥 1
Sample answer:
! ! !
" " "
1
K 4sin" 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = K 4 × (1 − cos 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2 K(1 − cos 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
! ! !
# # #
!
1 "
= 2 •𝑥 − sin 2𝑥€!
2
#
𝜋 1 𝜋 1 2𝜋
= 2 •I − sin 𝜋J − I − sin J€
2 2 3 2 3
𝜋 1 √3 𝜋 √3
= 2• + × ‚ = +
6 2 2 3 2

Question 12 (a)
Criteria Marks
• Provides the correct solution 2
• Determines the correct value of 𝑛, or equivalent merit 1
Sample answer:
A term in this expansion takes the form )𝐶4 (3𝑥)4 (−2𝑦))$4 .

∴ 𝑛 = 5 and 𝑟 = 2
𝑘 = -𝐶# (3)" (−2)# = −720
Question 12 (b) (i)
Criteria Marks
• Finds the displacement vector of one of the particles 1
Sample answer:
For 𝑣% = 16𝑖 + 30𝑗 , the displacement vector 𝑠% = (16𝑡)𝑖 + (30𝑡 − 5𝑡 " )𝑗
For 𝑣" = −8𝑖 + 20𝑗 , the displacement vector 𝑠" = (−8𝑡 + 60)𝑖 + (20𝑡 − 5𝑡 " + 25)𝑗
Question 12 (b) (ii)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution with reasoning 2
• Finds 𝑡 = 2.5 by equating either the horizontal or vertical components,
1
or equilvant merit
Sample answer:
For the projectiles to collide, equate horizontal components for both displacement vectors
to find time 𝑡.
−8𝑡 + 60 = 16𝑡
+9
∴ 𝑡 = "7 = 2.5 seconds.
We need to check if the vertical components of the displacement vectors, that is, the
heights of the projectiles, are equal for 𝑡 = 2.5.
For 𝑠% , the height at 𝑡 = 2.5 is 30 × 2.5 − 5(2.5)" = 43.75
For 𝑠" , the height at 𝑡 = 2.5 is 20 × 2.5 − 5(2.5)" + 25 = 43.75
∴ the projectiles collide since they are at the same point at the same time after projection.

Question 12 (c)
Criteria Marks
• Integrates correctly and writes solution in terms of 𝑥, equilvant merit 2
• Correctly rewrites integral in terms of 𝑢, or equivlant merit 1
Sample answer:
𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 à 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑑𝑢
𝑥 =1−𝑢
1+𝑥 2−𝑢 𝑢−2
𝐼=K 𝑑𝑥 = − K 𝑑𝑢 = K 𝑑𝑢
√1 − 𝑥 √𝑢 √𝑢
2 2 # %
𝐼 = K I√𝑢 − J 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢" − 4𝑢" + 𝑐
√𝑢 3
2 % 2
𝐼 = I 𝑢 − 4J 𝑢" + 𝑐 = I (1 − 𝑥) − 4J √1 − 𝑥 + 𝑐
3 3
2 2
∴ 𝐼 = I − 𝑥 − 4J √1 − 𝑥 + 𝑐
3 3
2
∴ 𝐴(𝑥) = − (𝑥 + 5)
3
Question 12 (d)
Criteria Marks
• Integrates correctly and attempts to find the volume required 2
• Writes the correct expression for volume, or equivalent merit 1
Sample answer:
" :; " " :; "
' " '
𝑉=𝜋 K q𝑒 " + 1r 𝑑𝑦 = 𝜋 K q𝑒 ' + 2𝑒 " + 1r 𝑑𝑦
9 9
' " :; " " <) "
𝑉 = 𝜋 …𝑒 ' + 4𝑒 " + 𝑦† = 𝜋 •I𝑒 " <) " + 4𝑒 " + 𝑦J − (𝑒 9 + 4𝑒 9 + 𝑦)€
9
𝑉 = 𝜋[(4 + 4 × 2 + 2 𝑙𝑛 2) − (1 + 4 + 0)]
∴ 𝑉 = 𝜋(7 + 2 𝑙𝑛 2) cubic units

Question 12 (e) (i)
Criteria Marks
Sample answer:
aaaaa⃗
𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐴 aaaaa⃗ + 𝐴𝐶
aaaaa⃗
1
aaaaa⃗
𝑂𝐶 = 𝑎 + g𝐴𝐵 aaaaa⃗ h
2
1
aaaaa⃗
𝑂𝐶 = 𝑎 + g𝑏 − 𝑎h
2
1
∴ 𝑂𝐶 aaaaa⃗ = g𝑎 + 𝑏h
2
Question 12 (e) (ii)
Criteria Marks
• Makes progress towards required solution 1
Sample answer:
Given that aaaaa⃗

𝑂𝐶 is perpendicular to aaaaa⃗
𝐴𝐵, their dot product is equal to zero.
%
Using part (i), " g𝑎 + 𝑏h . g𝑏 − 𝑎h = 0
1 1
𝑏 .𝑏 − 𝑎 .𝑎 = 0
2 2
" "
Š𝑏Š − Š𝑎Š = 0
∴ Š𝑎Š = Š𝑏Š
∴ since the two sides, 𝑂𝐴 and 𝑂𝐵 of the triangle are equal, triangle AOB is isosceles.

Question 13 (a)
Criteria Marks
Sample answer:
First, we arrange all women (apart from Elizabeth) in (3 − 1)! = 2! ways.

Then consider Elizabeth, Charles and one other man as a group of 3, with Elizabeth being in
between. The second man can be selected in #𝐶% = 3 ways and so the group can be
arranged within itself in 3 × 2 = 6 ways.
Finally, we arrange the remaining 2 men and 1 group of 3 in between the 3 women in
3! = 6 ways.
∴ Total number of arrangements = (2!) × (3 × 2) × 3! = 72 ways
Question 13 (b)(i)
Criteria Marks
Sample answer:
"! * !
Given 𝛼 + 2𝛽 = #
, divide by 2 to give " + 𝛽 = #
* !
We consider tan q " + 𝛽r = tan # = √3
Expand the L.H.S to give,
𝛼
tan 2 + tan 𝛽
𝛼 = √3
1 − tan 2 tan 𝛽
*
Using 𝑡𝑎𝑛 "
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽 = 2 − √3 ,
𝛼
tan + tan 𝛽 = √3 × q1 − g2 − √3hr
2
𝛼
∴ tan + tan 𝛽 = 3 − √3
2
* *
Sum of tan " and tan 𝛽 is 3 − √3 , while the product of tan " and tan 𝛽 is 2 − √3 .
Therefore, they are roots of a quadratic in the form

𝑥 " − g3 − √3h𝑥 + 2 − √3 = 0
© Total Education Centre 2023 – 10 – Mathematics Ext 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 13 (b)(ii)
Criteria Marks
*
• Finds tan " = 2 − √3 , or equivalent merit 1
Sample answer:
Looking for the two solutions of the quadratic in part (i), whereby their sum is 3 − √3 and
their product is 2 − √3. We have the solutions 1 and 2 − √3.
Since 𝛼 and 𝛽 are acute angles,

𝛼
tan ≠ 1
2
∴ tan 𝛽 = 1
𝜋
∴𝛽=
4
*
Using double angle formulae, given tan " = 2 − √3 , we consider
#
" =>; "?"$√#@
tan 𝛼 = "
# = "
%$1.)" %$?"$√#@
"
%
∴ tan 𝛼 =
√#
𝜋
∴𝛼=
6
Question 13 (c) (i)
Criteria Marks
• Finds one of the unit vectors required 1
Sample answer:
1
𝑎Œ = q3𝑖 + 4𝑗r
5
1
𝑏• = q5𝑖 + 12𝑗r
13

Question 13 (c) (ii)
Criteria Marks
• Identifies that vector bisecting ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 passes through midpoint of 𝐴′𝐵′
1
or equivalent merit
Sample answer:
Triangle 𝐴′𝑂𝐵′ is isosceles, since length of 𝑂𝐴′ = 𝑂𝐵′ = 1.
Therefore the vector required which bisects angle 𝐴𝑂𝐵 passes through the midpoint of 𝐴′𝐵′.
If this midpoint is 𝑋,
% A
𝑂𝑋 = g𝑎Œ + 𝑏•h = q4𝑖 + 7𝑗r
Then aaaaa⃗ " +-
√+-
∴ unit vector required = +-
q4𝑖 + 7𝑗r
Question 13 (d) (i)
Criteria Marks
• Makes significant progress towards required solution 1
Sample answer:
For this to be possible, the student must make a total of 2 leaps to the right and 7 leaps to
the left.
Let 𝑋 be a binomial random variable representing the number of leaps made to the right.
𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = B𝐶" × (0.45)" × (0.55)C = 0.11

Question 13 (d) (ii)
Criteria Marks
• Makes significant progress towards finding the required probability 2
• States the value of the standard deviation of 𝑝̂ 1
Sample answer:
This is possible if the majority of the student’s leaps are to the right.
Thus, 𝑋 = 26, 27, … , 50
Let 𝑃• be the random variable representing the sample proportion of leaps made to the right.
𝐸g𝑃•h = 𝑝 = 0.45
D(%$D) 9.7-(%$9.7-) 9.7-∗9.--
Standard deviation g𝑃•h = u )
=u -9
=u -9
"+
We seek 𝑃 q𝑃• ≥ -9r (i.e. the majority of leaps are to the right)
"$
$9.7-
Now, 𝑧 = %&
&.!%∗&.%%
≈ 1.0 (2 dec places)
G
%&
"+
∴ 𝑃 q𝑃• ≥ -9r = 𝑃(𝑍 ≥ 1.0)
Using the empirical rule for normally distributed random variables,

%99%$+A%
𝑃(𝑍 ≥ 1.0) = "
= 0.16

Question 14 (a)
Criteria Marks
• Proves true for 𝑛 = 1 and incorporates the assumption 𝑃(𝑘) into
2
𝑃(𝑘 + 1)
• Proves true for 𝑛 = 1 1
Sample answer:
Required to prove:
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + ⋯+ =
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) (𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2) (𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 3) (2𝑛 − 1)2𝑛 2𝑛
for all integers 𝑛 ≥ 1.
Consider 𝑛 = 1.
1 1
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = =
1(2) 2
1 1
𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆 = =
2×1 2
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆
∴ true for 𝑛 = 1
Assume statement true for 𝑛 = 𝑘, for 𝑘 ∈ ℤ8

i.e.
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + ⋯+ =
𝑘(𝑘 + 1) (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) (𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 + 3) (2𝑘 − 1)2𝑘 2𝑘
Prove true for 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1

i.e.
1 1 1 1 1
+ + ⋯+ + +
(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) (𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 + 3) (2𝑘 − 1)(2𝑘) 2𝑘(2𝑘 + 1) (2𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 2)
1
=
2(𝑘 + 1)
Now using assumption,

1 1 1 1
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = − + +
2𝑘 𝑘(𝑘 + 1) 2𝑘(2𝑘 + 1) (2𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 2)
(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 1) − 2(2𝑘 + 1) + (𝑘 + 1) + 𝑘
=
2𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 1)
"
2𝑘 + 𝑘 𝑘(2𝑘 + 1) 1
= = =
2𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 1) 2𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 1) 2(𝑘 + 1)
∴ true for 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1
Hence, by mathematical induction, statement is true for all positive integers 𝑛 ≥ 1

Question 14 (b)
Criteria Marks
• Makes significant progress towards the required solution 3
• Integrates correctly, or equivalent merit 2
• Correctly separates variables, or equivalent merit 1
Sample answer:
First, consider the general solution:

,'
,(
= 𝑦(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 − 1)
,'
,(
= (𝑥 − 1)(𝑦 − 1)
Notice that 𝑦 = 1 is a constant solution.
Separate variables to give,

%
∫ '$% 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
%
ln|𝑦 − 1| = " 𝑥 " − 𝑥 + 𝑐
) "
|𝑦 − 1| = 𝑒 "( $(80
% "
|𝑦 − 1| = 𝑒 0 𝑒 "( $(
% "
𝑦 − 1 = ±𝑒 0 𝑒 "( $(
% "
𝑦 = ±𝑒 0 𝑒 "( $(
+1
) "
( $(
𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 " + 1, where 𝐴 ∈ ℝ to also account for the constant solution 𝑦 = 1
At (2, −1), we have

−1 = 𝐴𝑒 9 + 1
∴ 𝐴 = −2
% "
∴ 𝑦 = −2𝑒 "( $(
+1

Question 14 (c) (i)
Criteria Marks
• Makes progress towards finding the required solution 1
Sample answer:
,I
,1
= mass rate of salt into tank − mass rate of salt out of tank
,I
= concentration in × volume rate in − concentration out × volume rate out
,1
,I I
,1
= 0.25 kg/L × 4 L/min − J × 6 L/min
*+,-
,I +I
,1
= 1 − %99$"1
,I #I
,1
= 1 − -9$1
𝑑𝑚 3𝑚
+ =1
𝑑𝑡 50 − 𝑡
Question 14 (c) (ii)
Criteria Marks
• Makes progress towards finding the required solution 1
Sample answer:
1
𝑑𝑚 3𝑚 1 3 …𝑐(50 − 𝑡)# + 2 (50 − 𝑡)†
"
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = + = •−3𝑐(50 − 𝑡) − € +
𝑑𝑡 50 − 𝑡 2 50 − 𝑡
1 3
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = −3𝑐(50 − 𝑡)" − + 3𝑐(50 − 𝑡)" + = 1 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
2 2
%
Hence, 𝑚(𝑡) = 𝑐(50 − 𝑡)# + " (50 − 𝑡) is the general solution.

Question 14 (c) (iii)
Criteria Marks
• Finds the correct value for 𝑡, or equivalent merit 3
,I
• Uses ,1 = 0 to make significant progress towards finding the correct
2
value for 𝑡
• Finds the value of 𝑐, or equivalent merit 1
Sample answer:
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 0, 𝑚 = 0
%
∴ 0 = 𝑐(50)# + " (50)
"- %
𝑐 = − -9. = − -999
(-9$1). %
∴ 𝑚(𝑡) = − -999
+ " (50 − 𝑡)
,I
Maximum mass occurs when ,1
=0
#I
∴ 0 + -9$1 = 1
3𝑚 = 50 − 𝑡
#(-9$1). #
∴− + (50 − 𝑡) = 50 − 𝑡
-999 "
#(-9$1)" #
− -999 + " = 1 (𝑡 ≠ 50 since tank is empty then)
3(50 − 𝑡)" = 2500
"-99 -9 %
𝑡 = 50 ± u #
= 50 ± = 50 q1 ± r
√# √#
𝐵𝑢𝑡 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 50
% -9
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡 = 50 q1 − r= g√3 − 1h
√# √#
.
%&
K-9$ ?√#$%@L
√. % -9
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚I.( = -999
+ " I50 − g√3 − 1hJ ≈ 9.6 𝑘𝑔
√#

2023 Mathematics HSC Trial Extension 1

Mapping Grid
Section I
Question Marks Content Syllabus

outcomes
1 1 ME-F1 Further Work with Functions ME11-1
2 1 ME-T3 Trigonometric Equations ME12-3
4 1 ME-T2 Further Trigonometric Identities ME11-3
5 1 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12-4
7 1 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12-1
8 1 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11-5
9 1 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12-4
10 1 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12-1

Section II
Question Marks Content Syllabus

outcomes
11a 2 ME-F1 Further Work with Functions ME11-1
11b 3 ME-T1 Inverse Trigonometric Functions ME11-3
11c(i) 1 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12-2
11c(ii) 2 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12-2
11d 4 ME-T3 Trigonometric Equations ME12-3
11(e) 3 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12-1
12a 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11-5
12b(i) 2 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12-2
12b(ii) 2 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12-2
12c 3 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12-1
12d 3 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12-4
12e(i) 1 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12-2
12e(ii) 2 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12-2
13a 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11-5
13b(i) 2 ME-T2 Further Trigonometric Identities ME11-3
13b(ii) 2 ME-T2 Further Trigonometric Identities ME11-3
13c 2 ME-T2 Further Trigonometric Identities ME11-3
13d 2 ME-F2 Polynomials ME11-1
13e(i) 2 ME-S1 The Binomial Distribution ME12-5
13e(ii) 3 ME-S1 The Binomial Distribution ME12-5
14a 3 ME-P1 Proof by Mathematical Induction ME12-1
14b 4 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12-4
14c(i) 2 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12-4
14c(ii) 2 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12-4
14c(iii) 4 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12-4

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2023 Mathematics Ext 1 HSC Trial

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YEAR 12

2023 TRIAL HSC

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 2–6)

Section II – 60 marks (pages 7–14)

Use the provided answer sheet for Questions 1-10.

1 Which of the following is the correct solution for |3 − 2𝑥| > 2 ?

3 A circle has centre (2, −3) and radius 4.

If the parametric equations of this circle are 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 cos(𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝑐 + 𝑑 sin(𝑡),

© Total Education Centre 2023 –2–

Which of the following is the correct expression for sin(𝛼 + 𝜃)?

5 The population 𝑃(𝑡) of a species is modelled by the logistic differential equation.

6 A function 𝑓(𝑥) has x-intercepts, −2 and 5, and a y-intercept of −1.

A. 𝑥-intercepts are −2 and 5, and the 𝑦-intercept is 1

© Total Education Centre 2023 –3–

What is the value of 𝑎?

How many quadrilaterals can be formed using the points as vertices?

© Total Education Centre 2023 –4–

9 A differential equation has a direction field shown below.

A solution curve to this differential equation includes (1, −3).

© Total Education Centre 2023 –5–

At what rate (in units/second) does 𝑥 increase when 𝑦 = 2?

© Total Education Centre 2023 –6–

• Your responses should include relevant mathematical

• Write your Student ID above

Please turn over

© Total Education Centre 2023 –7–

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Find the equation of the quartic shown below.

(b) Find the domain of 𝑦 = cos $% (𝑥 " − 𝑥). 3

Find the resultant force vector using 𝑖 − 𝑗 notation.

Question 11 continues on page 9

© Total Education Centre 2023 –8–

(d) Solve 3 sin 𝑥 + 4 cos 𝑥 = 1 , where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°, using the substitution 4

(e) Find in simplest exact form: 3

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Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) One of the terms in the expansion of (3𝑥 − 2𝑦)) is 𝑘𝑥 " 𝑦 # . 2

Find the value of 𝑘.

(i) Find the displacement vectors of both objects given 𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑠 $" . 2

(ii) Show that the two projectiles collide. 2

(c) It is given that 3

Use the substitution 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 to find 𝐴(𝑥).

Find the simplest exact value for the solid’s volume.

Question 12 continues on page 11

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(e) The diagram below shows triangle AOB, where aaaaa⃗

(i) Find aaaaa⃗

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Question 13 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) A group of 8 co-workers made up of 4 men and 4 women are participating in a 2

The arrangement must adhere to these guidelines:

How many different arrangements are possible?

(i) Find the unit vector of 𝑎 and 𝑏. 2

Question 13 continues on page 13

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(ii) By using a normal approximation to the sample proportion, estimate the 3

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Question 14 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Use mathematical induction to prove that 3