Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

BDwbU - 5
wkÿY-wkLb mvgMÖx I DcKiY msMÖn I Dbœqb

Awa‡ekb-28 : ICT wkÿvi Dc‡hvMx wkÿY-wkLb DcKiY

Awa‡ekb-29 : `y®cÖvc¨ mvgMÖx Ges ¯^ícÖvc¨ miÄvgmn m¤ú`
e¨e¯’vcbv I msiÿY
Awa‡ekb-30 : ¯^íg~‡j¨i wkÿY-wkLb DcKiY
Awa‡ekb-31 : webvg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY
Awa‡ekb-32 : Ab¨vb¨ ICT welqK cvV¨cy¯ÍK
Awa‡ekb-33 : Ab¨vb¨ wkÿY-wkLb mvgMÖx : wfwWI, wUwf I
B›Uvi‡bU

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gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

204
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-28

ICT wkÿvi Dc‡hvMx wkÿY-wkLb DcKiY

f~wgKv
cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB cvV`vb‡K AvKl©Yxq, Avb›``vqK Ges wkÿv_x©i g‡bv‡hvM a‡i
ivLv, AvMÖn e„w× I †cÖlYv m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi DcKiY e¨eüZ n‡”Q|
wkÿv`v‡b wewfbœ cÖKvi DcKiY e¨env‡ii d‡j wkÿv`vb cÖwµqv GKw`‡K †hgb
mwRe I cÖvYešÍ nq Ab¨w`‡K wkÿv_x©iv cvV mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i, mn‡R g‡b
ivL‡Z cv‡i Ges wkLb `xN©¯’vqx nq| ZvQvov A‡bK weg~Z© welq Av‡Q hv
DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡j wkÿv_x©iv mn‡R Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

ICT n‡”Q cÖhyw³ wbf©i dwjZ welq| d‡j G wel‡q ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbvi mv‡_ mv‡_
A‡bKwKQzB nv‡Z Kj‡g wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ (ICT) -
†Z Z_¨ msMÖn, msiÿY I Av`vb cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` Kv‡R A‡bK hš¿cvwZ I †KŠkj
e¨eüZ nq| d‡j mwVK I djcÖm~ ICT wkL‡bi Rb¨ ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK Dfq
†ÿ‡ÎB DcKiY e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRb c‡i| eZ©gvb Awa‡ek‡b ICT wkL‡b wewfbœ
DcKi‡Yi e¨envi, †kªYxKiY I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv BZ¨vw` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

D‡Ïk¨
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l Avcwb 

 wkÿv DcKiY‡K msÁvwqZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

 wkÿv DcKi‡Yi †kªYx wefvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

 wkÿv DcKiY e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

 ICT †Z e¨eüZ wkÿv DcKiYmg~‡ni ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

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ce©mg~n

 ce©-K : wkÿv DcKiY

cÖwkÿYv_x©e„›`, Avgiv cvV`vb Kv‡R wewfbœ cÖKvi e¯‘MZ D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g
cvV`vb‡K Avb›``vqK, AvKl©Yxq I djcÖm~ K‡i †Zvjvi †Póv K‡i _vwK| Gme
DcKiY wkÿv_x©‡`i Bw›`ªqmg~n‡K Dchy³fv‡e mwµq K‡i †Zv‡j| d‡j wkÿv_x©i
wkLb mnR I ¯’vqx nq| cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ Gme g~Z© wRwbm¸‡jvB wkÿv
DcKiY bv‡g cwiwPZ| cÖwkÿYv_x©, Gevi Avcwb wk‡ÿvcKi‡Yi KZ¸‡jv Kvh©Kix
msÁv Luy‡R †ei Kiæb Ges wb‡Pi Q‡K ZvwjKv AvKv‡i wjLyb :

wk‡ÿvcKi‡Yi Av‡iv wKQz Kvh©Kix msÁv:



Gevi Avcbvi evQvBK…Z msÁvmg~n g~j wkÿYxq wel‡q †`Iqv msÁvmg~‡ni mv‡_
wgwj‡q †`Lyb|

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 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

 ce©-L : wkÿv DcKi‡Yi †kªYxKiY

me wkÿv DcKiYB wkÿv_x©‡`i me¸‡jv Bw›`ªq‡K DwÏß K‡i †Zv‡j bv| †Kvb
wkÿv DcKiY wkÿv_x©i †Kvb Bw›`ªq‡K DwÏß ev mwµq K‡i Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i
wkÿv DcKiY‡K cÖavbZ wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v:
1. `k©bg~jK wkÿv DcKiY (Visual Teaching Aids)
2. kªeYg~jK wkÿv DcKiY (Audio Teaching Aids)
3. kªeY-`k©bg~jK wkÿv DcKiY (Audio-Visual Teaching Aids)

1. `k©bg~jK wkÿv DcKiY (Visual Teaching Aids) t †h me wkÿv

DcKiY wkÿv_x©i `k©b Bw›`ªq DwÏß K‡i wkÿv`v‡b mnvqZv K‡i Zv‡K `k©bg~jK
wkÿv DcKiY ejv nq| †hgb- †Møve, g¨vc, PvU©, wewfbœ ai‡bi ev¯Íe e¯‘ I bgybv,
Qwe, g‡Wj, cÖvmw½K wRwbm - dzj, e·, †evZj, cvZv, Le‡ii KvMR, Kw¤úDUvi,
hš¿cvwZ, †cv÷vi BZ¨vw`|

ZvQvov wdj¥w÷ªc, ¯øvBW cÖ‡R±i I Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i Øviv cª‡ÿwcZ wewfbœ cÖKvi
wPÎ, MÖvd ev Qwe BZ¨vw` Avgv‡`i `k©b Bw›`ªq‡K DÏxß K‡i e‡j G‡`iI GB
†kªYxi AšÍfy©³ wkÿv DcKiY wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|

2. kªeYg~jK wkÿv DcKiY (Audio Teaching Aids)t †h me wkÿv DcKiY

Avgv‡`i kªeY Bw›`ª‡qi gva¨‡g wkÿv`v‡b mnvqZv K‡i Zv‡K kªeY wfwËK wkÿv
DcKiY ejv nq| †hgb- †iwWI, MÖv‡gv‡dvb, †Uc‡iKW©vi BZ¨vw`|

3. kªeY-`k©bg~jK wkÿv DcKiY (Audio-Visual Teaching Aids) t †h

mg¯Í wkÿv DcKiY GKB mv‡_ kªeY I `k©b Bw›`ª‡q DÏxcbv m„wó K‡i wkLb Kv‡h©
mnvqZv K‡i Zv‡K kªeb-`k©bg~jK wkÿv DcKiY ejv nq| †hgb- †Uwjwfkb,
Kw¤úDUvi, wfwmAvi, mevK Pjw”PÎ BZ¨vw`|

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 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

ICT-†Z Z_¨ msMÖn, msiÿY, Av`vb-cÖ`vb I cwi‡ek‡bi Kv‡R wewfbœ cÖKvi

hš¿cvwZ I †KŠkj e¨eüZ nq| d‡j ICT wkÿv‡ZI wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ I DcKiY
e¨eüZ nq| Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZi Dci wfwË K‡iI ICT wkÿv DcKiY‡K †kªYxKiY
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wb‡Pi Q‡K Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i ICT-†Z e¨eüZ G me
hš¿cvwZi †kªYxKi‡Yi bgybv †`Iqv nj|

Z_¨ msMÖn Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb Z_¨ msiÿY Z_¨ cwi‡ekb

 wfwWI K¨v‡giv  †Uwj‡dvb  wmwW  †cv÷vi

wkÿv_x©e„›`, Gevi Avcbviv wPšÍv K‡i wkLb DcKiYmg~n‡K Dc‡ii ZvwjKv

Abymv‡i †kªYxKiY Kiæb|

ce©-M : wkÿv DcKiY e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

 wkÿv DcKiY e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv nj :
1. Gi gva¨‡g g~Z© I weg~Z© aviYv MVb mnR nq|
2. Gi d‡j wkLb AwaK ¯’vqx nq|
3. G‡Z wkÿv_x©i cvV MÖn‡Y AvMÖn e„w× cvq|
4. G‡Z wkÿv_x©iv mwµq _v‡K|

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 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

5. ev¯Íe aviYv AR©b mnR nq|

6. GwU cvV`vb‡K mnR I AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zv‡j|
7. G‡Z wkÿv_x©iv †hŠw³Kfv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi †KŠkj iß Ki‡Z cv‡i|
8. G‡Z †kªYxi GK‡N‡qgx `~i nq|
9. G‡Z wkÿv_x©‡`i Abygvb, wPšÍv Kivi ÿgZv kvwbZ K‡i|
10. G‡Z wkÿv_x©iv †ewk g‡bv‡hvMx I DrmvwnZ nq|
11. wkÿY mÂvjb Z¡ivwš^Z nq|
12. G‡Z wkÿY ˆewPÎ Avbv m¤¢e nq|
13. G‡Z cvV`vb mdj, mvejxj Kiv hvq|

Dc‡iv³ cÖ‡qvRbxqZv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ ICT-Gi ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK cvV`v‡bi Rb¨

†h me DcKiY cÖ‡qvRb Zvi ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Kiæb|

ZvwË¡K cvV`v‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY e¨envwiK cvV`v‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq

DcKiY

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 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

ce©-N : ICT-†Z e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ I †KŠkj

 ICT wkÿY wkL‡b wewfbœ cÖKvi hš¿cvwZ I mdUIqvi e¨eüZ nq| G¸‡jv‡K
nvW©Iqvi I md&UIqvi G `yfv‡M fvM Kiv nq| G me nvW©Iqvi I md&UIqvi
mg~‡ni cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB wfbœ wfbœ KvR Av‡Q| ICT-†Z e¨eüZ nvW©Iqvi I
mdUIqvimg~‡ni KvR / e¨envi D‡jøLmn GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiæb|

e¨eüZ nvW©Iqvimg~n:


e¨eüZ mdUIqvimg~n:

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BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-28
g~j wkLbxq welq
(Key Learning Point)

ICT †Z wkÿi Dc‡hvMx wkÿY-wkLb DcKiY

wkÿv DcKi‡Yi aviYv

wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î wewfbœ aviYv Z_¨ I ZË¡ eY©bv, e¨vL¨v I we‡kølY Kivi †ÿ‡Î
 wewfbœ e¯‘MZ D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| G e¯‘MZ D`vniY
¸‡jv‡K wkÿv DcKiY ejv nq| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, wkÿv`vb cÖwµqv‡K
mRxe I djcÖm~ K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ wkÿK Zvi cvV`v‡bi mgq Ggb KZ¸‡jv
g~Z© wRwbm e¨envi K‡ib †h¸‡jv wkÿv_©xi c‡Â›`ªxq A_©vr Pÿz, KY©, bvwmKv,
wRnŸv, Z¡K BZ¨vw`‡K Dchy³fv‡e mwµq Ki‡Z mÿg nq| G g~Z©
wRwbm¸‡jv‡K wkÿv DcKiY ejv nq|

wkÿv DcKiY‡K mywbw`©ó GKwU msÁv Øviv cÖKvk Kiv AZ¨šÍ KwVb| Z‡e
wkÿv DcKiY wK Zv wewfbœ fv‡e e¨vL¨v we‡kølY ev eY©bv Øviv cÖKvk Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| Giƒc cÖPwjZ wk‡ÿvcKi‡Yi wewfbœ msÁv wb‡P †`Iqv nj:

 wkÿv‡K mnR, AvKl©Yxq, Dc‡fvM¨ I cÖvÄj Kivi Rb¨ †h me e¯‘

e¨envi Kiv nq ZvB wk‡ÿvcKiY|
 †h me e¯‘ ev †KŠkj Øviv wkÿv_©x‡`i cv‡Vi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjv
hvq, Kíbv kw³i weKvk mvab Kiv hvq, wkÿYxq welqe¯‘‡K mnR,
mij Ges cÖvÄj Kiv hvq ZvB wk‡ÿvcKiY|
 †kªYxK‡ÿ welqe¯‘i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †h me wRwbm e¨envi K‡i cvV`vb
Kiv nq Zv‡KB wkÿvg~jK DcKiY ejv nq|
 wkLb-‡kLv‡bv A_©vr wkÿv †`qv I †bqvi Kv‡R †h mg¯Í e¯‘ ev mvgMÖx
Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i, †m¸‡jv‡K wkÿv DcKiY e‡j|
 wkÿv DcKiY n‡”Q Ggb me wkÿY welqK mgMÖx, hvi e¨env‡ii d‡j

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†kªYx K‡ÿ wkÿY wkLb Kvh©µg mnR I mv_©K nq|

 wkÿY-wkLb Kv‡R †h mg¯Í e¯‘ ev mvgMÖx mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Zv‡K
wkÿv DcKiY e‡j|
 wkÿv DcKiY n‡”Q Ggb me DcKiY †kªYx K‡ÿ hvi e¨env‡ii d‡j
wkÿY welq m¤cÖmvwiZ K‡i wkLb‡K mnR K‡i Zzj‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
 wkÿv DcKiY ej‡Z eySvq wkÿv `vb Kvh©µg‡K mRxe I djcÖm~ K‡i
†Zvjvi Rb¨ cvV `v‡bi mgq wkÿK †hme g~Z© wRwbm e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb
hvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi wewfbœ Bw›`ªqmg~n‡K Dchy³fv‡e mÂvwjK I mwµq
Kiv m¤¢e nq|
 wkÿv DcKiY ej‡Z eySvq wkÿv`vb Kvh©µg‡K mRxe I djcÖm~ K‡i
†Zvjvi Rb¨ cvV`v‡bi mgq wkÿK †hme g~Z© wRwbm e¨envi K‡ib, weg~Z©
aviYvi Dcgv w`‡q _v‡Kb Ges hvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi wewfbœ Bw›`ªqmg~n‡K
Dchy³fv‡e mÂvwjZ I mwµq Kiv m¤¢e nq|
 cvV`vb‡K cÖvYešÍ K‡i Zzj‡Z wkÿv‡cvKi‡Yi f~wgKv Acwinvh©| A‡bK
wkÿv_©x K¬v‡mi e³e¨g~jK eY©bv ï‡b †Kvb cÖwµqv ev aviYv m¤ú‡K© mšÍó
_v‡K bv| wkÿv‡cvKiY welq e¯‘i avibv m¤cÖmvi‡Y mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K|
wkÿv‡cvKi‡Yi mwVK cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j cvV`vb n‡q I‡V AvKl©Yxq| ICT
†h‡nZz GKwU mgwš^Z welq †m‡nZz G‡Z wewfbœ wel‡qi DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb
Abyf~Z nq| ICT †Z e¨eüZ wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ I †KŠk‡ji GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ`Ë
nj|

ICT-†Z e¨eüZ cÖ‡qvRbxq nvW©Iq¨vimg~n

 gvwëwgwWqv m¤^wjZ Kw¤úDUvi - hv‡Z K‡i wkÿv_©xiv wmwW ig e¨envi
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK©- hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv GKRb Avi GKR‡bi mv‡_
Z‡_¨i Av`vb cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM - hv e¨envi K‡i wkÿv_©xiv wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
 Kvjvi wcÖ›Uvi - wewfbœ iK‡gi iwOb Qwe hv‡Z Zviv wcÖ›U Ki‡Z cv‡i|

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 ¯‹¨vbvi - nv‡Z AuvKv Qwe ev Ab¨ wKQ~ hv‡Z Zviv wcÖ›U Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 wWwRUvj w¯’i Ges wfwWI K¨v‡giv - wkÿv_©xiv hv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Qwe †Zv‡j
Kw¤úDUv‡i wb‡Z cv‡i|
 gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i - wkÿv_©xiv hv‡Z Zv‡`i Z_¨ my›`ifv‡e mK‡ji Rb¨
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 wcÖ›Uvi|

cÖ‡qvRbxq mdU&Iq¨vimg~n
 wWKkbvix mdUIq¨vi - hv‡Z K‡i wkÿv_©xiv †Kvb kã wKsev Qwe LuyR‡Z
cv‡i|
 IqvW© cÖ‡mwms mdUIq¨vi †hgb- gvB‡µvmdU IqvW© hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv
Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq WKz‡g›U my›`ifv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 MÖvwd· mdUIq¨vi †hgb- GgGm †cB›U, GWvwe d‡Uvmc, Bjv‡÷ªUi
BZ¨vw` hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv wewfbœgZ Qwe AvuvK‡Z cv‡i|
 nvRvi nvRvi Qwe m¤^wjZ wK¬c-AvU© †cÖvMÖvg Kw¤úDUvi Bbój Kiv _vK‡Z
cv‡i hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡`i WKz‡g‡›U jvMv‡Z cv‡i|
 B›Uvi‡bU eªvDRvi; †hgb- B›Uv‡bU G·‡cøvivi, †bU¯‹¨vc †bwf‡MUi
BZ¨vw` hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv wewfbœ I‡qf mvBU eªvDm Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Z_¨
Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 wewfbœ iK‡gi wUD‡Uvwiqvj|
 B-‡gBj - hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv B-‡gBj Av`vb cÖ`vb Kiv wkL‡Z cv‡i|
 B-‡gBj Kivi Rb¨ †hgb BD‡Wviv mdUIq¨vi Ges gvB‡µvmdU
AvBUjyK mdUIq¨vi|
 Mvb, K_v BZ¨vw` †iKW© Kiv Ges †kvbvi Rb¨ wgDwRK GwWwUs Ges
†iKwW©s mdUIq¨vi|
 gvwëwgwWqv A‡_vwis mdUIq¨vi|
 †jLwPÎ, eviMÖvd, cvB-PvU© BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ iK‡gi MÖvwd·
mdU&Iq¨vi|

213
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

 †QvU LvU WvUv‡eR ˆZwii Rb¨ †hgb gvB‡µvmdU G‡·m, wfmyq¨vj

d·‡cÖv BZ¨vw` WvUv‡eR mdUIq¨vi|
 wewfbœ iK‡gi MvwYwZK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Ges †¯úªWmxU GbvjvBwm‡mi Rb¨
md&UIq¨vi †hgb- gvB‡µvmd&U G‡·j|
 wewfbœ Kvh©cÖYvjx WªBs Kivi Rb¨ gvB‡µvmdU †cB›U ev G¨We d‡Uvkc|
 gvjwUwmwWqv †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi Rb¨ †hgb cvIqvi c‡q›U mdUIq¨vi|
cÖ‡qvRbxq Avbymvw½K DcKiYmg~n
 wewfbœ iK‡gi ICT wbf©i †cv÷vi j¨v‡ei †`qv‡j / †kªYxK‡ÿ Uvw½‡q
ivLv|
 cyivZb hš¿cvwZ; †hgb- gv`vi †evW©, cÖ‡mmi, i¨vg, gvDm, Kx‡evW©,
wcÖ›Uvi BZ¨vw`|
 wewfbœ g¨vMvwRb, Rvb©vj BZ¨vw`|
 wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ e¨env‡ii wbw`©ó wb‡`©wkKv|
 we`y¨r P‡j †M‡j hv‡Z Z_¨ gy‡Q bv hvq Zvi Rb¨ BDwcGm Gi e¨e¯’v
ivL‡Z n‡e|
wkÿv DcKiY e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
 ev¯Íeagx© wkÿvi Rb¨ DcKiY e¨envi Avek¨K|
 ICT wkÿvq AvMÖn e„w×i Rb¨|
 DcKiY e¨env‡ii d‡j wkLb ¯’vqx nq|
 DcKiY e¨env‡ii d‡j weg~Z© aviYv MVb mnR nq|
 ‰eÁvwbK `„wófw½ MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|
 ‰eÁvwbK Kvh©c×wZ wkL‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
 GK‡N‡qwg `~i K‡i wkÿvq ˆewPÎ Av‡b|
 wkÿv_x©i AvZ¥wek¦vm e„w× K‡i|
 wkÿv_x© AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv e„w× K‡i|
 g‡bvweÁvbm¤§Z wkÿvi Rb¨ DcKiY e¨envi Avek¨K|

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BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-29

`y®cÖvc¨ mvgMÖx Ges ¯^ícÖvc¨ miÄvgmn m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbv I

msiÿY

f~wgKv
ICT GKwU cÖhyw³ wbf©i dwjZ welq| ICT-†Z wewfbœ cÖKvi mvgMÖx I miÄvg
(equipment) e¨eüZ nq| †hgb- Kw¤úDUvi, wfwWI K¨v‡giv (Video
Camera) gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i, †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb, wfwWI †iKW©vi, IwWI
†cøqvi, IwWI †iKW©vi BZ¨vw`| Gme mvgMÖx I miÄvg Kvh©ÿg I mPj ivLvi Rb¨
wKQz we‡kl e¨e¯’v wb‡Z nq| †hgb- Kw¤úDUvi Pvjv‡Z mve©ÿwYK we`y¨r mieivn
_vK‡Z n‡e| Avevi Gme miÄvg hv‡Z bó n‡q bv hvq GRb¨I wKQz we‡kl e¨e¯’v
wb‡Z nq| †hgb- Kw¤úDUvi, gvwë wgwWqv cÖ‡R±i BZ¨vw`‡K ayjvevwj gy³ kxZj
cwi‡e‡k ivL‡Z nq| Ab¨_vq G‡`i Kvh©ÿgZv †hgb n«vm cvq †Zgwb bó n‡q
hveviI m¤¢ebv _v‡K| G Awa‡ek‡b ICT-†Z e¨eüZ my®cÖvc¨ I ¯^ícÖvß mvgMÖx
I miÄvg¸‡jvi e¨e¯’vcbv I msiÿY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

D‡Ïk¨
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l Avcwb 

 ICT †Z e¨eüZ `y®cÖvc¨ mvgMÖx I miÄvg wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

 ICT †Z e¨eüZ ¯^ícÖvß mvgMÖx I miÄvg wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

 ICT †Z e¨eüZ mvgMÖx I miÄvg e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z

cvi‡e|

 ICT †Z e¨eüZ mvgMÖx I miÄvg msiÿY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

215
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

ce©mg~n
 ce©-K : `y®cÖvc¨ I ¯^ícÖvc¨ mvgMÖx Ges miÄvg
wkÿv_x©e„›` Avgiv ICT-†Z e¨eüZ mvgMÖx I miÄvg¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQz wKQz Av‡Q
hv‡`i msMÖn Kiv Lye KwVb| G¸‡jv Lye Kg cvIqv hvq Ges msMÖn Kiv Lye
e¨qeûj| KviY G me mvgMÖx I miÄvg eZ©gv‡b e¨envi Kiv nq bv Ges G¸‡jv
Dcv`vbI nq bv| d‡j eZ©gv‡b G¸‡jv msMÖn Kiv LyeB KwVb| Gfv‡e msMÖn Kiv
e¨qeûj Ges Kg cvIqv hvq Zv‡`i‡K Avgiv `y®cÖvc¨ mvgMÖx I miÄvg wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
Avevi KZ¸‡jv mvgMÖx I miÄvg Av‡Q hv cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡q Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Aí
cwigv‡Y _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K Avgiv ¯^ícÖvc¨ (short-supply) wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kwi|
†hgb- OHP, gvwë wgwWqv cÖ‡R±i, wfwWI K¨v‡giv BZ¨vw`| ¯^ícÖvc¨
mvgMÖxmg~nI msMÖn Kiv e¨qeûj n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ G¸‡jv AímsL¨K n‡jB GKwU
†kªYx ev we`¨vj‡qi cÖ‡qvRb wg‡U| †hgb- Kw¤úDUvi Pvjbvi `ÿZv AR©‡bi †Kvb
cvV`vb Kvh©µg cwiPvibvi Rb¨ GKwU †kªYx‡Z A‡bK¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvi cÖ‡qvRb
nq| wKš‘ GKwU †kªYx‡Z GKwU gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i n‡jB cvV`vb Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|
wb‡P ICT m¤úwK©Z KZ¸‡jv mvgMÖx I miÄv‡gi ZvwjKv †`Iqv nj| G¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ †Kvb¸‡jv ¯^ícÖvß (short-supply) I †Kvb¸‡jv `y®cÖvc¨ wPwýZ K‡i c„_K
Kiæb|

 GwcWvqv‡¯‹vc  †UwjwcÖ›Uvi

 Film Projector  wdj¥ w÷ªcm

 MÖvg‡dvb  †iwWI

 mycvi Kw¤úDUvi  †Uwjwfkb

 Kw¤úDUvi  gvwë wgwWqv cÖ‡R±i

216
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

 wcÖ›Uvi  wfwWI K¨v‡giv

 †dvb  †iwWI UªvÝwgUi

 d¨v·  †UwjMÖvd

 Over-Head Projector  ¯‹¨vbvi

 †Uc †iKW©vi  WvK mvwf©m

 msev`cÎ  wU wf UªvÝwgUi

 †hvMv‡hvM DcMÖvn  wm wW

ce©-L : ICT mvgMÖx I miÄvgmn m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbv


wkÿv_x©e„›` Gevi Avgiv ICT †Z e¨eüZ wewfbœ miÄvg I m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbv wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kie| ICT wkÿ‡Y †h me miÄvg I m¤ú` e¨eüZ nq Zvi m‡e©vËg
e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ‡qvRb myôz e¨e¯’vcbv| e¨e¯’vcbvi g‡a¨ M„nxZ
c`‡ÿcmg~n wbgœiƒc:
1. ICT †Z e¨eüZ miÄvgmg~‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Avmevec‡Îi e¨e¯’v
Kiv|
2. G me miÄvgmg~n hv‡Z bó n‡q bv hvq GRb¨ gv‡S gv‡S G‡`i
Kvh©KvwiZv we‡klÁ Øviv cixÿv Kivi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
3. Gme miÄvg wkÿv_x©iv wKfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡e ZviI mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv
cÖYqb Kiv|
4. wkÿY-wkLb Kvh©µg wbiwe”Qbœ Kivi Rb¨ †Rbv‡iU‡ii e¨e¯’v Kiv
BZ¨vw`|

wcÖq wkÿv_x©e„›`, miÄvg I m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbvq Avi wK wK AšÍfy©³ n‡Z cv‡i Zvi
GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiæb| Zvici g~j wkLbxq wel‡qi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`Lyb|

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 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

ce©-M : ICT mvgMÖx I miÄvg msiÿY


wkÿv_x©e„›` Avgiv GZÿY ICT miÄvg e¨e¯’vcbv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| Gme
miÄvgmg~‡ni myôz e¨envi †hgb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Zgwbfv‡e G‡`i msiÿYI ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
KviY Gme mvgMÖx I miÄvg mwVKfv‡e msiÿY bv Ki‡j G¸‡jv e¨env‡ii
A‡hvM¨ n‡q hv‡e| d‡j we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_x©‡`i wkLb Kvh©µg evavMÖ¯’ n‡e| wcÖq
wkÿv_x©e„›`, ICT mvgMÖx I miÄvgmg~n msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wK wK KiYxq Zv wb‡q
GKwU aviYv wPÎ ˆZwi Kiæb|

218
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-29
g~j wkLbxq welq

`y®cÖvc¨ mvgMÖx Ges ¯^ícÖvc¨ miÄvgmn m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbv I msiÿY

cÖvc¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i ICT wkLb mvgMÖxI miÄvg‡K `yfv‡e fvM Kiv †h‡Z
 cv‡i| h_v-

1. `y®cÖvc¨ mvgMÖx I miÄvg I

2. ¯^ícÖvc¨ mvgMÖx I miÄvg|

`y®cÖvc¨ mvgMÖx I miÄvg

†h me mvgMÖx I miÄvg msMÖn Kiv AZ¨šÍ KwVb Zv‡`i‡K Avgiv `y®cÖvc¨ mvgMÖx
ej‡Z cvwi| A‡bK ICT mvgMÖx Av‡Q hv eZ©gv‡b e¨eüZ nq bv †hgb †UwjMÖvd
A_ev cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i Kw¤úDUvi BZ¨vw`| G me mvgMÖx eZ©gv‡b Drcv`b eÜ _vKvq
evRv‡i wKb‡ZI cvIqv hvq bv| d‡j G me mvgMÖx msMÖn Kiv AZ¨šÍ KwVb|
Avevi A‡bK AZ¨vaywbK ICT miÄvg Av‡Q hv AZ¨šÍ e¨qeûj nIqvq msMÖn Kiv
ev ˆZwi Kiv AZ¨šÍ KwVb n‡q c‡o G me miÄvg I mvgMÖx‡KI Avgiv `y®cÖvc¨
mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvwi| †hgb: mycvi Kw¤úDUvi, †hvMv‡hvM DcMÖn,
wUwf †÷kb BZ¨vw`|

¯^ícÖvc¨ mvgMÖx I miÄvg

†h me ICT mvgMÖx I miÄvg we`¨vj‡q Aí cwigv‡Y mieivn Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K
¯^ícÖvc¨ (Short supply) mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| †hgb: Kw¤úDUvi,
wcÖ›Uvi, OHP wfwWI K¨v‡giv BZ¨vw`| ZvQvov AviI wKQz mvgMÖx Av‡Q †h¸‡jv
ICT mvgMÖx ev miÄvg bv n‡jI ICT j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z mnvqK mvgMÖx cÖ‡qvRb c‡o|

219
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

†hgb- UPS, AC BZ¨vw`‡KI ¯^ícÖvc¨ mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| wb‡P
`y®cÖvc¨ I ¯^ícÖvc¨ ICT mvgMÖx I miÄvg-Gi ZvwjKv †`Iqv nj:

¯^ícÖvc¨ `y®cÖvc¨
 GwcWvqv‡¯‹vc  MÖvg †dvb
 Film Projector  mycvi Kw¤úDUvi
 Kw¤úDUvi  †iwWI UªvÝwgUi
 wcÖ›Uvi  wUwf UªvÝwgUi
 †dvb  †hvMv‡hvM DcMÖvn
 d¨v·  †UwjMÖvg
 Over-Head Projector (OHP)
 †Uc †iKW©vi
 msev`cÎ
 †UwjwcÖ›Uvi
 wdj¥ w÷ªcm
 †Uwjwfkb
 gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i
 wfwWI K¨v‡giv
 †¯‹bvi
 WvK mvwf©m

we`¨vj‡q ICT mvgMÖx I miÄvgmn m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbv

Avgv‡`i we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z mvaviYZ †h me ICT mvgMÖx I miÄvg e¨eüZ n‡Z
cv‡i Zv n‡”Q - Kw¤úDUvi, wcÖ›Uvi, †¯‹bvi, †dvb, OHP, wfwWI K¨v‡giv
BZ¨vw`| ZvQvov mnvqK mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e UPS, AC †Rbv‡iUi Ges B›Uvi‡bU
myweav _vK‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †ewkifvM we`¨vj‡qiB cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq
ICT mvgMÖx Kg Av‡Q| d‡j we`¨vjq¸‡jv Gme cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖxi myôz I mwVK

220
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡gB me wkÿv_x©i ICT wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Gme mvgMÖxi
myôz I mwVK e¨e¯’vcbvi g‡a¨ M„nxZ c`‡ÿcmg~n wbgœiƒc:
1. ICT -†Z e¨eüZ miÄvgmg~‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Avmevec‡Îi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
2. G me miÄvgmg~n mPj / e¨envi Dc‡hvMx ivLvi Rb¨ erm‡i GKevi G‡`i
Kvh©KvwiZv we‡klÁ Øviv cixÿv Kivi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
3. Gme miÄvg e¨env‡ii mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Kiv Ges bxwZgvjv Abymv‡i
e¨envi Kiv|
4. ICT K¬vm cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ c„_K †kªYxK‡ÿi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
5. ICT †kªYxK‡ÿ aywjevwj gy³ ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
6. ICT †kªYxK‡ÿ wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg wbiwew”Qbœ Kivi Rb¨ mve©ÿwYK we`y¨r
wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †Rbv‡iU‡ii e¨e¯’v Kiv|
7. m¤¢e n‡j ICT †kªYxK‡ÿ AC Gi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
8. ICT miÄvgmg~n mwVK wbq‡g e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv| †hgb- Kw¤úDUvi open
I close mwVK wbq‡g Kiv|
9. ICT K¬vm ïiæi c~‡e© Ges K¬vm †kl nIqvi ci me miÄvg mwVK Av‡Q wKbv
Zv hvPvB Kiv|

221
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-30

¯^íg~‡j¨i wkÿY-wkLb DcKiY

f~wgKv
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gva¨wgK we`¨vjqmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Lye Aí cwigvY we`¨vj‡qB
cixÿvMvi Av‡Q| Gme cixÿvMv‡i weÁvb wkÿvi hš¿cvwZi cwigvY I cÖ‡qvR‡bi
Zzjbvq LyeB Kg| Avi GKwU gva¨wgK ch©v‡q ICT bZzb ms‡hvwRZ nIqvq G
welq mswkøó wkÿv DcKi‡Yi cwigvY I cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg| ICT
GKwU cÖhyw³ wbf©i dwjZ welq| ZvB nv‡Z Kj‡g Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ICT wkL‡Z bv
cvi‡j wkÿv_x©‡`i wkLb djcÖm~ n‡e bv| ZvB gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡q ICT DcKiY
msMÖn Kiv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki we`¨vjq¸‡jvi A_©‰bwZK
Ae¯’v fvj bq| DcKiY msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ we`¨vjq¸‡jv ch©vß A_© e¨q Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| ZvB ICT wkÿY Kvh©µg‡K djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ ¯^íg~‡j¨ DcKiY msMÖn Kivi
e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|

D‡Ïk¨
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l Avcwb 
 ¯^íg~‡j¨i ICT wkÿv DcKiY wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ICT wkÿ‡Y ¯^íg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 ¯^íg~‡j¨i ICT wkÿv DcKiY wKfv‡e msMÖn Kiv hvq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
 wkÿv_x©‡`i mnvqZvq we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ ¯^íg~‡j¨i ICT wkÿv DcKiY msMÖn
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 wkÿv_©xi mnvqZvq ¯^íg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

222
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

ce©mg~n
 ce©-K : ¯^íg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY
ICT -†Z e¨eüZ A‡bK mvgMÖx I miÄvg msMÖn Kiv †ek e¨qeûj| wKš‘ G me
e¨qeûj miÄvg msMÖn Kiv Avgv‡`i we`¨vjq¸‡jvi Rb¨ †ek KwVb| ZvB ICT
wkÿY-wkLb Kvh©µg‡K mv_©K I djcÖm~fv‡e Pvwj‡q †bIqvi Rb¨ ¯^íg~‡j¨i
DcKiY cÖ‡qvRb| mvaviYfv‡e ejv hvq, †h me ICT wkÿv DcKiY Aí e¨‡q
msMÖn Kiv hvq ZvB ¯^íg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY| †hgb-
 cyivZb Key board
 cyivZb CPU
 cyivZb †gvevBj †dvb
 wkÿv_x©i mnvqZvq ˆZwiK…Z PvU© BZ¨vw`|

wkÿv_x©e„›`, Gevi Avmyb ICT wkÿY Dc‡hvMx Avi wK wK DcKiY ¯^íg~‡j¨ ˆZwi
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kwi|

ce©-L : ¯^íg~‡j¨i ICT wkÿv DcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡


Avgv‡`i †`‡ki we`¨vjq¸‡jvi A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v we‡ePbv K‡i ¯^íg~‡j¨i
DcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB| ICT wkÿY-wkLb Kvh©µg‡K
mnR‡eva¨, AvKl©Yxq Ges Avb›``vqK Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi DcKiY e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e| ¯^íg~‡j¨i DcKiY¸‡jv ¯’vbxq cwi‡ek, we`¨vj‡qi A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v

223
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

Ges cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i ˆZwi I msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wkÿv_x©‡`i
mnvqZvq Gme DcKiY ‰Zwi I msMÖn Kiv n‡j wkÿv_x©‡`i wkLb Kv‡h© AvMÖn I
Drmvn e„w× cvIqv QvovI AviI wKQz wkÿvg~jK g~j¨ i‡q‡Q| †hgb-
 wkÿv_x© wbR nv‡Z DcKiY ˆZwii d‡j Zv‡`i `&ÿZv e„w× cvq|
 wkÿv_x©i m„Rbkxj cÖwZfvi weKvk N‡U|
 wkÿv_x©iv ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR K‡i e‡j Zv‡`i AvZ¥wek¦vm e„w× cvq|
 wkÿv_x©‡`i ICT wkÿvq AvMÖn R‡b¥|
wkÿv_x©e„›`, ¯^íg~‡j¨i DcKiY ˆZwi I msMÖ‡n Avi wK wK ¸iæZ¡ _vK‡Z cv‡i Zvi
GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiæb| Zvici g~j wkLbxq wel‡qi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`Lyb|

224
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-30

g~j wkLbxq welq

¯^íg~‡j¨i wkÿY-wkLb DcKiY

¯^íg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY

Aí A_© e¨‡q †h me wkÿv DcKiY ˆZwi ev msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e Zv‡K ¯^íg~‡j¨i
 wkÿv DcKiY wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hvq| GLb cÖkœ n‡”Q Aí A_© ej‡Z wK
†evSvq? A_ev ej‡Z cvwi Aí A‡_©i cwigvY KZ? cÖK…Zc‡ÿ ÔAí A_©Õ-Gi
mywbw`©ó †Kvb cwigvY †bB| eis Gi gvb A‡cwÿK A_©vr e¨w³ n‡Z e¨w³‡Z ev
cÖwZôvb n‡Z cÖwZôv‡b Gi gvb wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i ev nq| Zvn‡j †Kvb ai‡bi wkÿv
DcKiY‡K ¯^í g~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kie ? cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †Kvb
mywbw`©ó msÁv Øviv ¯^íg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv KwVb| Z‡e wKQz
kZ© Øviv ¯^íg~‡j¨i DcKiY‡K wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-†kªYx wkÿK
wkÿv_x©‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq A_ev wkÿK wb‡R †h me DcKiY cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq
msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡KB ¯^íg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|

¯^í g~‡j¨i DcKiY msMÖn I ˆZwiKiY

nv‡Z Kj‡g Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ICT wkL‡Z bv cvi‡j wkÿv_x©iv cv‡V AvMÖn I Avb›`
cv‡e bv| G me mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î ¯^í g~‡j¨i I nv‡Z ˆZwi DcKi‡Yi
¸iæZ¡ A‡bK| GRb¨ †kªYx wkÿK ¯^í g~‡j¨i DciKY msMÖn I ˆZwii Rb¨
wbgœwjwLZ e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cv‡ib|

 wkÿv_x©‡`i mnvqZvq Kg g~‡j¨i ICT DcKiY msMÖn Kivi e¨e¯’v Kiv|

†hgb- wkÿK I wkÿv_x© mK‡j wg‡j wmwW, wK-‡evW© BZ¨vw` µq Kivi e¨e¯’v
Kiv|

225
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

 bó n‡q hvIqv wewfbœ ICT hš¿cvwZ wewfbœ e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb †_‡K bvggvÎ
g~‡j¨ msMÖn Kivi e¨e¯’v †bIqv|

 wkÿv_x©‡`i mnvqZvq †cv÷vi KvMR, is, †evW© †ccv‡ii c¨vwKs e·, cyivZb
Zvi BZ¨vw` w`‡q wewfbœ g‡Wj ˆZwiKiY| †hgb- †cv÷vi KvM‡R †bUIqvwK©s
Gi WvqvMÖv‡gi PvU© AvKv| Avevi cyivZb KvM‡Ri e· w`‡q Kw¤úDUv‡ii
gwbUi ˆZwiKiY| A_ev †cv÷vi KvM‡R m¨v‡UjvBU †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v wPÎ
AsKb BZ¨vw`|

 wewfbœ mnRjf¨ ¯’vbxq DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g ICT m¤úwK©Z g‡Wj ˆZwiKiY|

¯^í g~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡

 DcKiY ¯^íZvi Amyweav `~i Kiv mnR nq|
 DcKiY msMÖ‡ni Kv‡R wkÿv_x©‡`i m¤ú„³ Kivq cvV MÖn‡Y wkÿv_x©iv Drmvn
I Avb›` cvq|
 wkÿv_x©‡`i DcKiY ˆZwi I e¨env‡ii `ÿZv e„w× cvq|
 wkÿv_x©‡`i AwR©Z Ávb ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cÖ‡qv‡Mi AvMÖn R‡b¥|
 wbR nv‡Z DcKiY ˆZwii d‡j wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡a¨ Avwe®‹v‡ii g‡bvfve R‡b¥|
 ¯’vbxq KvPvgvj e¨env‡ii d‡j wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡a¨ AvZ¥wbf©i nIqvi cÖeYZv
R‡b¥|
 wkÿv_x©iv wb‡R DcKiY msMÖ‡n AskMÖnY Kivi d‡j Zv‡`i AvZ¥wek¦vm e„w×
cvq|
 ¯^í g~‡j¨i DcKiY msMÖ‡ni d‡j wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi A_© I m¤ú‡`i mvkªq nq|
 GKmv‡_ wkÿv_x©iv KvR K‡i e‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve RvMÖZ
nq|
 wb‡R DcKiY msMÖn I ˆZwi‡Z hy³ _vKvi d‡j wkÿv_x©i kª‡gi cÖwZ gh©v`v
Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i|

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 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-31

webvg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY

f~wgKv
¯’vbxq I mnRjf¨ wkÿv DcKiY msMÖ‡ni †ÿ‡Î webvg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY msMÖn
we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| mvaviYZ ZvwË¡K I †gŠwjK wel‡qi †ÿ‡Î ¯’vbxq I
mnRjf¨ KuvPvgvj †_‡K wkÿv DcKiY ˆZwi Ges ¯’vbxqfv‡e msMÖn Kiv Lye
GKUv KwVb KvR bq| wKš‘ ICT wel‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq wkÿv DcKi‡Yi
†ÿ‡Î webvg~‡j¨ wkÿv DcKiY msMÖn KwVb n‡jI Am¤¢e bq| G‡ÿ‡Î A_© ev
UvKv e¨q bv Ki‡jI cÖPzi †gav, kªg I †Póvi wewbg‡q ICT wkÿv DcKiY msMÖn
Kiv m¤¢e|

D‡Ïk¨
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l Avcwb 

 webvg~‡j¨i ICT wkÿv DcKiYmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

 webvg~‡j¨i ICT wkÿv DcKiY msMÖ‡ni c×wZ wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

 webvg~‡j¨i ICT wkÿv DcKiY msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

ce©mg~n

 ce©-K : webvg~‡j¨i ICT wkÿv DcKiY

†h me wkÿv DcKiY msMÖ‡ni †ÿ‡Î †Kvb A_© e¨q Ki‡Z nq bv †m me wkÿv
DcKiY‡KB webvg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

Avmyb wkÿv_x© eÜziv, ICT wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î webvg~‡j¨i wK wK wkÿv DcKiY n‡Z
cv‡i Zv wPwýZ Kwi :

227
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

webvg~‡j¨i
ICT wk¶v
DcKiY

 ce©-L : webvg~‡j¨ ICT wkÿv DcKiY msMÖn

ICT wkÿvq wkÿv DcKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î PvU©, g‡Wj, Kw¤úDUvi, wcÖ›Uvi, wmwW BZ¨vw`
eûwea wkÿv DcKiY I mvgMÖx cÖ‡qvRb nq| Gme DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jvB
webvg~‡j¨ msMÖn Kiv AZ¨šÍ KwVb| wcÖq wkÿv_x© Gevi wPšÍv K‡i †ei Kiæb
webvg~‡j¨ ICT wkÿv DcKiY msMÖn Kivi †ÿ‡Î Avcwb wK wK e¨e¯’v ev c×wZ
Aej¤^b Ki‡Z cv‡ib ? Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ DcKiY I Zv msMÖn Kivi c×wZ wb‡P
cÖ`wk©Z Q‡K wjwce× Kiæb| GKwU D`vniY †`Iqv nj|

DcKiY c×wZ

†bUIqvwK©s Gi wkÿv_x©‡`i mnvqZvq KvM‡Ri KvUz©b w`‡q Kw¤úDUv‡ii

g‡Wj g‡Wj, †QvU KvM‡Ri e· w`‡q g‡Wg, `wo w`‡q Zv‡ii ev
AcwUK¨vj dvBev‡ii Wvwg wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i GKwU
†bUIqvwK©s Gi g‡Wj ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

228
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

DcKiY c×wZ

229
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-31

g~j wkLbxq welq

webvg~‡j¨i wkÿv DcKiY

ICT wkÿY-wkLb Kvh©µg‡K mdj I djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ †h me wkÿv DcKiY

 e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRb c‡i Zvi cy‡ivUvB µq K‡i msMÖn Kiv A‡bK we`¨vj‡qi
c‡ÿB m¤¢e nq bv| G Amyweav `~i Kivi GKwU c×wZ n‡”Q webvg~‡j¨ DcKiY
msMÖn Kiv| webvg~‡j¨ Kx Kx DcKiY msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv wb‡P
†`Iqv nj :

webvg~‡j¨ ICT wkÿv DcKiY:

 cyivZb I A‡K‡Rv ICT mswkøó hš¿cvwZ I hš¿vsk †hgb: gv`vi †evW©, gvDm,
Kx-‡evW©, Kw¤úDUvi gwbUi, wmwW, d¬wc wW¯‹ BZ¨vw`|
 wkÿv_x©i mnvqZvq ˆZwiK…Z wewfbœ cÖKvi PvU©, g‡Wj BZ¨vw`|
 wewfbœ ICT hš¿cvwZ e¨envi wb‡`©wkKv|
 wewfbœ mdUIq¨vi e¨envi wb‡`©wkKv|

webvg~‡j¨ DcKiY msMÖn c×wZ :

webvg~‡j¨ ICT wkÿv DcKiY msMÖn Kiv †ek KwVb| KviY ICT †Z wewfbœ cÖKvi
hš¿cvwZ e¨eüZ nq hv‡`i g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jv †ek `vgx Avevi A‡bK¸‡jv
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg `vgx| ZvQvov Gme DcKiY Av‡Q hv ¯’vbxqfv‡e mnRjf¨
KvPvgvj Øviv ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e bq| Z‡e wkÿv_x©‡`i mnvqZvq wKQz wKQz wkÿv
DcKiY webv Li‡P †kªYx wkÿK ˆZwi I msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| webvg~‡j¨ DcKiY
msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i :

 wkÿv_x©‡`i gv‡S hv‡`i Kw¤úDUvi Av‡Q Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K cyivZb I

A‡K‡Rv gvDm, Kx‡evW©, wmwW I gwbUi BZ¨vw` msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

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 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

 ¯’vbxq wewfbœ ICT mswkøó cÖwZôvb †hgb Kw¤úDUvi cÖwkÿY †K›`ª ev

mvBevi K¨v‡d BZ¨vw`i wbKU †_‡K wewfbœ cyivZb ICT hš¿cvwZ I
Avbymw½K wewfbœ eB msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

 wkÿv_x©‡`i mnvqZvq ¯’vbxq I mnjf¨ webvg~‡j¨ cÖvß KvPvgvj Øviv ICT

wkÿv DcKiY cÖ¯‘Z Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- KvM‡Ri KvU©yb Øviv
Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡Wj cÖ¯‘Z Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

 we`¨vjq cwiPvjbv KwgwUi mnvqZvq wewfbœ `vbkxj e¨w³i wbKU †_‡K

ICT wkÿv DcKiY msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

 wewfbœ `vZv ms¯’vi KvQ †_‡K ICT mswkøó wewfbœ eB, wb‡`©wkKv, Rvb©vj
BZ¨vw` `vb wn‡m‡e msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

 we`¨vj‡qi cÖv³b wkÿv_x© hviv mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î cÖwZwôZ Zv‡`i

mnvqZvq ICT wkÿv DcKiY msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

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BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-32

Ab¨vb¨ ICT welqK cvV¨cy¯ÍK

wkÿvq RvZxq jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖYxZ wkÿvµg Abymv‡i gva¨wgK
¯Í‡ii wkÿv_x©‡`i iwPZ cy¯ÍK cvV¨cy¯ÍK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| myZivs gva¨wgK
ch©v‡qi ICT cvV¨cy¯ÍK n‡”Q GbwmwUwe KZ©„K cÖYxZ gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi RvZxq
wkÿvµg Abymv‡i iwPZ ICT cy¯ÍK| myZivs Avgv‡`i †`‡k NCTB KZ©„K
cÖKvwkZ nqwb Giƒc ICT m¤úwK©Z eB‡KB Ab¨vb¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv
hvq| G Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv ICT wel‡qi Ab¨vb¨ cy¯ÍK wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|

D‡Ïk¨
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l Avcwb-
 cvV¨cy¯ÍK e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ ICT cy¯ÍKmg~n wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 ICT cvV¨cy¯ÍK I Ab¨vb¨ ICT cy¯Í‡Ki cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Ab¨vb¨ ICT cy¯ÍK cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
 wkÿv_x©‡`i Ab¨vb¨ ICT cy¯ÍK e¨env‡ii mwVK civgk© w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

ce©mg~n
ce© -K t cvV¨cy¯ÍK e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ cy¯ÍK wbe©vPb

wkÿv_x© eÜziv, gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡q ICT wel‡q wkÿY-wkLb Kvh©µ‡g cvV¨cy¯ÍK
e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ wK wK cy¯ÍK cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i wb‡Pi Q‡Ki b¨vq Zvi GKwU
ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiæb|

cvV¨cy¯ÍK e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cy¯ÍK-

 KvwiKzjvg wi‡cvU©
 wkÿY c×wZi wewfbœ cy¯ÍK
 welqK wewfbœ cy¯ÍK



232
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

 ce© -L t Ab¨vb¨ ICT cy¯ÍK e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

†h †Kvb wel‡qB AwR©Z Ávb‡K AviI my`„p Kivi Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨
welqwfwËK I mnvqK cy¯ÍK e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| ICT GKwU cÖhyw³ wbf©i
dwjZ welq nIqvq G‡ÿ‡ÎI cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ cy¯ÍK e¨env‡ii
cÖ‡qvRb AviI †ewk| wkÿv_x© eÜziv, Gevi wPšÍv K‡i ejyb †Zv ICT wkÿvi
†ÿ‡Î Ab¨vb¨ cy¯ÍK cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wK wK ?

†kªYx‡Z wk¶Y-
wkLb KvR AvKl©Yxq
? Kivi Rb¨ ICT welqK
bZzb Z_¨
Rvbvi Rb¨

Ab¨vb¨ cy¯ÍK
?

233
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-32

g~j wkLbxq welq

Ab¨vb¨ ICT welqK cvV¨cy¯ÍK

wkÿvq RvZxq jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î cvV¨cy¯ÍKB cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb
 K‡i| G jÿ¨ AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki c‡iB AviI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz mnvqK
cy¯ÍK Av‡Q hv †kªYx cvV`vb Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRb nq| †hgb: KvwiKzjvg wi‡cvU©,
wkÿK ms¯‹iY BZ¨vw`| Gme cy¯ÍK QvovI welqwfwËK AviI wKQz cy¯ÍK wkÿK I
wkÿv_x©‡`i covi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| KviY cvV¨cy¯ÍK wkÿvµg Abymv‡i iwPZ n‡jI
†Kvb wbw`©ó wel‡qi Abymw½K me Z_¨ I ZË¡ G‡Z AšÍfy©³ bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
ZvQvov GKB wel‡qi wewfbœ cy¯ÍK wewfbœ cÖKvkfw½, welq MfxiZv I we‡kølY wfbœ
wfbœ cÖK…wZi I gv‡bi n‡q _v‡K| d‡j GKRb wkÿv_x© hLb Giƒc wewfbœ cy¯ÍK
cvV K‡i ZLb Zvi AwR©Z Ávb †hgb my`„p nq †Zgwb Zvi `„wófw½iI cwieZ©b
N‡U| ZvQvov wkÿvµg cÖYqb Kivi Rb¨ `xN© mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq| d‡j †`Lv hvq
wkÿvµg cÖYqb K‡i Zv Abymv‡i †h cvV¨cy¯ÍK iwPZ n‡q‡Q Zv hy‡Mi cÖ‡qvR‡bi
†_‡K wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q hy‡Mvc‡hvMx wkÿvi Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki mv‡_
mv‡_ welqwfwËK Ab¨vb¨ cy¯ÍK covi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK| Avevi †h me welq `ªæZ
cwieZ©bkxj †hgb: ICT, Zv‡`i †ÿ‡Î mg‡qvc‡hvMx I gvbm¤§Z wkÿvi Rb¨
cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ cy¯ÍK covi cÖ‡qvRb AviI A‡bK †ewk|

234
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-33
Ab¨vb¨ wkÿY-wkLb mvgMÖx t wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU
wkÿv DcKiY I wkÿY-wkLb mvgMÖxi e¨envi me ¯‹zj cvV¨wel‡qi Rb¨ LyeB
¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jI ICT wel‡qi †ÿ‡Î Gi ¸iæZ¡ AviI †ewk| cvV`vb Kvh©µ‡g
e¨eüZ wewfbœ wkÿv DcKiY I mvgMÖxi g‡a¨ wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU wKQz Abb¨
mvaviY ˆewkó¨ enb K‡i| Gme wkÿY-wkLb mvgMÖx GKw`‡K †hgb ICT cv‡Vi
welqe¯‘ Ab¨w`‡K G¸‡jv Avevi wkÿv DcKiY|

D‡Ïk¨
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l Avcwb-
 wkÿY-wkLb mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU-Gi ˆewkó¨ ej‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 wkÿY-wkLb mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU-Gi e¨envi ej‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 †kªYx cvV`vb Kvh©µ‡g Gme DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU-Gi e¨env‡ii myweav I Amyweav D‡jøL Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|

ce©mg~n
ce© -K : wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU-Gi ˆewkó¨

wkÿv_x©e„›` wkÿv DcKiY wn‡m‡e wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨envi Avgv‡`i
†`‡k Lye †ewk nq bv| KviY Avgv‡`i †`‡ki we`¨vjq¸‡jv Avw_©Kfv‡e m”Qj
bq Ges A‡bK we`¨vj‡qB G¸‡jv e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖwkÿYcÖvß wkÿKI †bB|
ICT wkÿv †h‡nZz cÖhyw³ wbf©i dwjZ welq GRb¨ G‡ÿ‡Î Gme DcKi‡Yi
e¨envi Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| Gme DcKi‡Yi wKQz ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨ Av‡Q|

wkÿv_x© eÜziv, Avmyb G‡`i ˆewkó¨ wb‡q wKQzÿY wPšÍv Kwi Ges wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY
Kwi|
wfwWI-Gi ˆewkó¨ wUwfi ˆewkó¨ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui ˆewkó¨

235
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

 ce© -L : wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨envi

wkÿv_x©e„›` wkÿv DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU cÖwZwU kªeY-

`k©bg~jK| A_©vr G¸‡jv kã I Qwe G `y gva¨‡gB Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wkÿv_x©e„›`, Gevi wPšÍv K‡i †ei Kiæb G DcKiY¸‡jvi e¨envi wKiƒc n‡Z cv‡i
Ges wb‡Pi Q‡K wjLyb|

wfwWI wUwfi B›Uvi‡bU

e¨envi

ce©-M : wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii myweav I Amyweav


wkÿv_x©e„›`, wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU BZ¨vw` wkÿv DcKi‡Yi ˆewkó¨ I
e¨env‡ii g‡a¨ h‡_ó wgj i‡q‡Q| ZeyI G wZbwU DcKiY e¨env‡ii Zzjbv Ki‡j
cÖ‡Z¨KwUi wKQz myweav I Amyweav cvIqv hvq| Pjyb Gevi Avgiv G DcKiY¸‡jv
e¨env‡ii wK wK myweav Ges Amyweav n‡Z cv‡i Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kwi|







236
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

BDwbU-5 Awa‡ekb-33
g~j wkLbxq welq

Ab¨vb¨ wkÿY-wkLb mvgMÖx : wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU

wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU BZ¨vw` wkLb mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii Rb¨ LyeB
 Dc‡hvMx| KviY G wZbwU hš¿B wewfbœ wkÿvg~jK Abyôvb ˆZwi, msiÿY I cÖPv‡ii
†ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| G wZbwU h‡š¿B Z_¨, kã I Qwe wn‡m‡e msiÿY I
cÖPvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j Ab¨vb¨ wkÿv DcKi‡Yi †P‡q G wZbwU wkÿv DcKiY
e¨envi myweavRbK| wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î G wZbwU mvgMÖxi e¨envi wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv
nj|

wfwWI
wfwWI n‡”Q GK cÖKvi hš¿ hvi gva¨‡g †Kvb Pjgvb NUbv †iKW© K‡i msiÿY
Kiv hvq Ges †Uwjwfkb ev Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g cÖPvi Kiv hvq A_©vr †iKW©K…Z
Pjgvb NUbv cybivq †`Lv hvq| ICT wkÿvg~jK Abyôvb ˆZwi I Dc¯’vc‡bi
†ÿ‡Î wfwWI Gi wKQz we‡kl e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i| †h‡nZy ICT cÖhyw³ wbf©i welq
myZivs G‡ÿ‡Î wewfbœ ICT DcKiY I mvgªMx Ges Zv‡`i e¨envi m¤^‡Ü
wkÿv_x©‡`i aviYv †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ICT
wkÿvq wfwWI †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g ev¯Íe I Pjgvb wP‡Îi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡`i‡K
wewfbœ cÖKvi ICT mvgMÖxi mv‡_ cwiPq Kwi‡q †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov wewfbœ
ICT mvgMÖxi e¨envi †KŠkj wfwWI †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡`i †kKv‡bv ev
aviYv-‡`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: B›Uvi‡bU wKfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z nq Zv wfwWI
†cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

237
 gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY - weGW

wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg †`Lvi Rb¨ wkÿv_x©i wb‡Ri ev we`¨vj‡qi KZ¸‡jv my‡hvM _vK‡Z
n‡e Zv wb‡P †`Iqv nj:
(K) wfwmwc ev wWwfwW
(L) †Uwjwfkb ev Kw¤úDUvi
(M) wfwWI K¨v‡mU ev wmwW
(N) we`y¨r ms‡hvM|

D‡jøwLZ my‡hvM¸‡jv QvovI we`¨vj‡qi Avw_©K m”PjZv _vK‡Z n‡e hv‡Z

cÖ‡qvRbxq ICT wkÿvg~jK wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg µq Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges D‡jøwLZ
hš¿cvwZ¸‡jv µq I iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi e¨q enb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†Uwjwfkb
†Uwjwfkb ev `~i`k©b h‡š¿i mv‡_ Avgiv mK‡jB cwiwPZ| GwU eZ©gv‡b GKwU
kw³kvjx I eûj e¨eüZ MYgva¨g| †Uwjwfk‡bi gva¨‡gI wkÿvg~jK Abyôvb
Dc¯’vcb ev cÖPvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg I †Uwjwfkb †cÖvMÖvg GKB
ˆewk‡ó¨i n‡jI e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î `ywUi cÖK…wZ `y iKg| †Uwjwfkb Abyôvb GKwU
cÖPvi †K›`ª †_‡K cÖPvi Kiv nq Ges Ab¨¯’vb †_‡K †Uwjwfkb †m‡Ui gva¨‡g
Avgiv Zv †`L‡Z cvwi| †hgb- Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ wkÿvg~jK Abyôvb|
†Uwjwfk‡bi gva¨‡g mg¯Í †`‡ki me wkÿv_x©iv GKB mv‡_ Gme Abyôvb †`Lvi
my‡hvM †c‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ wfwWI †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g GKwU †kªYxi wkÿv_x©iv
GKmv‡_ GKwU wkÿvg~jK Abyôvb †`L‡Z cv‡i| Avevi †Uwjwfkb †cÖvMÖvg cÖPvi
†K‡›`ªi myweavRbK mg‡q cÖPvi Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg wbw`©ó
we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_x©iv Zv‡`i mg‡q †`L‡Z cv‡i| †Uwjwfkb †cÖvMÖvg wkÿv_x©iv
B‡”Q Ki‡jB evievi †`L‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg wkÿv_x©iv B‡”Q Ki‡j
evi evi †`L‡Z cv‡i| †Uwjwfkb †cÖvMÖvg †`Lvi Rb¨ we`y¨r ms‡hvM I †Uwjwfkb
_vK‡jB P‡j| Z‡e m¨v‡UjvBU wUwf P¨v‡b‡ji ms‡hvM _vK‡j c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨
†`‡ki wkÿvg~jK AbyôvbI †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i|

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 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wkÿY-1

B›Uvi‡bU
Z_¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î me‡P‡q AvaywbK I eûj cÖPwjZ cÖhyw³ n‡”Q B›Uvi‡bU|
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cÖwZôv‡b n‡Z cv‡i, GKwU kn‡i n‡Z cv‡i Avevi GKwU †`‡ki wewfbœ kn‡ii
g‡a¨I n‡Z cv‡i| B›Uvi‡bU n‡”Q Giƒc GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© hv wek¦Ry‡o
we¯Í…Z A_©vr c„w_exi me †`k Ry‡o †h Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© e¨e¯’v ZvB B›Uvi‡bU|

B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvMmn Kw¤úDUvi Ges B›Uvi‡bU

eªvDR Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mdUIq¨vi| B›Uvi‡bU eªvDR K‡i wkÿv_x©iv Zv‡`i
Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wel‡q wewfbœ Z_¨ †c‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: †Kvb ICT mvgMÖxi ev¯Íe
wPÎ B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov wewfbœ wel‡qi me©‡kl Z_¨
B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii myweav n‡”Q wkÿv_x©iv wb‡R‡`i myweavgZ mg‡q GwU e¨envi
Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î wUwf Abyôv‡bi wbw`©ó mgqm~wPi b¨vq †Kvb mgqm~wP †bB|
GLv‡b GKB Drm †_‡K wewfbœ wkÿv_x© wewfbœ mgq GKB Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ZvQvov B›Uvi‡bU-Gi gva¨‡g B-‡gBj e¨envi K‡i GKRb Ab¨R‡bi mv‡_ Z_¨
Av`vb-cÖ`vbI Ki‡Z cv‡i|

evsjv‡`‡k wfwWI, wUwf I B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii AšÍivqmg~n n‡”Q -

1. †`‡ki me A‡j we`y¨r mieivn †bB|
2. A‡bK ev †ewki fvM we`¨vj‡qB Gme wkÿv DcKiY †bB|
3. †ewki fvM wkÿv_x©i Gme miÄvg e¨w³MZfv‡e msMÖ‡ni mva¨ †bB|

239