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Literasi-Bahasa-Inggris
Literasi-Bahasa-Inggris
Literasi-Bahasa-Inggris
Lifestyle-related chronic illnesses, such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and dementia are rising
at an alarming, epidemic rate. In this modern world of increasing lifespan, we are actually decreasing our health span,
placing an undue burden on healthcare costs to society.
Modern medicine has largely gotten away from addressing key issues to prevent or even reverse some of these
chronic conditions. Yet the evidence for successful interventions in four key areas – nutrition, sleep, physical activity and
stress management – to manage and control our health are mounting.
Lifestyle medicine as a part of personalized treatment and prevention of chronic illnesses is a necessary
cornerstone of disease management as we look to the future. In this review, I discuss various key studies demonstrating
the impact of lifestyle on epigenetic, endocrine, immunologic, and inflammatory changes which contribute to chronic
disease and our overall health.
A. Membiarkan
B. Mencegah
C. Memilih
D. Menahan
E. Meyakinkan
Long long time ago, there lived a king by the name Raden Putra. He ruled Jenggala Kingdom with his beautiful
queen. He also had a concubine. His wife, the queen, and the concubine had a very contradictory character. The queen
was a kindhearted and wise person while the concubine was a cunning and envious person.
One day, the concubine decided to get rid of the queen so she can have the love and full attention of Raden
Putra all for herself. With the help of an evil shaman, the concubine pretended to get ill and put the blame on the
queen. All evidence that the shaman and the concubine brought to the king proved that the guilt was on the queen’s
hand, so the king decided to banish the queen from the palace and instructed his servant to kill her without knowing
that the queen was pregnant.
The queen was forced to leave the palace. The servant escort the queen until they arrived in the jungle. The
servant believed that the queen was innocent but there was nothing that he can do to defend the queen in front of the
king. So, the servant decided to build a small hut for the queen. When he was about to return to the palace, he ask for a
piece of the queen’s clothes and put some blood of a wild rabbit on it so he can report to the king that he had fulfilled
The queen lived all by herself for months until she gave birth to a boy. The boy was very healthy and handsome. The
queen named him Cindelaras. Years passed by, Cindelaras grew into a kind, skillful and strong young man. He spent his
time playing with animals in the jungle. One day, an eagle dropped a chicken egg in front of Cindelaras. He picked it up
and brought it to his hut.
Cindelaras kept the egg in a warm jar for a couple of days until it finally hatched. He took care of the chicken
until it grew into a strong and bulky rooster. One day Cindelaras was so surprised when he heard that his rooster could
talk just like human. At that moment the rooster said:
When he learned the truth about himself, Cindelaras decided to go to Jenggala Kingdom to see his father, Raden
Putra. On his way to the palace, he went through some village where he joined some cockfighting. His rooster won all
the fight and he became famous in no time especially with his unique rooster who kept saying that he was the son of the
king in the end of every fight.
The news about Cindelaras and his mighty rooster spread quickly and reached the palace. Raden Putra who was
a fan of cockfighting invited Cindelaras to the palace and challenged his rooster to fight the king’s rooster. He was so
convinced that his rooster would not lose so he offered all of his wealth as the bet. Cindelaras agreed with the king’s
offer and he offered his life as the bet if he lost the fight as he thought that it was the only precious thing that he can
offer to the king.
The fight between the two roosters finally began. They both attacked each other fiercely. The king’s rooster tried
so hard to laid its punch to Cindelaras’ rooster but Cindelaras’ rooster was very agile and it could dodge every blow. The
battle took some time until finally Cindelaras’ rooster saw an opening and launched its ultimate attack and took down
the king’s rooster. Cindelaras’ rooster won the fight and it started saying some things that it always said in every fight.
2. “So, the servant decided to build a small hut for the queen.” What is the opposite of the underlined word?
A. Big
B. Huge
C. Medium
D. Little
E. Tiny
A. Lazy
B. Strong
C. Persistent
D. Smart
E. Weak
How long will a baby born today live? 100 years? 120 years? Scientists are studying genes that could mean long life for
us all. There are already many, many people who have passed the landmark age of 100. In fact, there are now so many
healthy, elderly people that there’s a new term for them: the wellderly. These are people over the age of 80 who have
no diseases such as high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes and have never taken medicines for these conditions.
There have been many scientific studies of communities where a healthy old age is typical. These include places like
Calabria in southern Italy and the island of Okinawa in Japan. The small village of Molochio in Calabria has about 2,000
inhabitants. And of these, there are at least eight centenarians. When researchers ask people like this the secret of their
long life, the answer is almost always to do with diet and is almost always the same: ‘I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables.’
‘A little bit, but of everything.’ ‘No smoking, no drinking.’ While in the past scientists have looked at things such as diet
and lifestyle for an explanation of long life, these days they are investigating genetics. One such researcher is Eric Topol,
who says, ‘There must be genes that explain why these individuals are protected from the aging process.
The new research into long life looks at groups of people who have a genetic connection. For example, one group of
interest lives in Ecuador. In one area of the country there are a number of people with the same genetic condition. It’s
called Laron syndrome. The condition means that they don’t grow to more than about one metre, but it also seems to
give them protection against cancer and diabetes. As a result, they live longer than other people in their families.
Meanwhile, on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, there’s another group of long-lived men, Japanese-Americans. They have a
similar gene to the Laron syndrome group.
Back in Calabria, scientists are trying to work out exactly how much of the longevity is due to genetics and how much to
environment. By checking public records going back to the 19th century, researchers have reconstructed the family trees
of 202 nonagenarians and centenarians. They concluded that there were genetic factors involved. And they seemed to
benefit the men more than the women – a surprising result because generally in Europe, there are five times more
women centenarians than men. So what really makes people live longer? It seems likely that it is an interaction of genes,
the environment and probably a third factor – luck.
The Earth comprises three principal layers : the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are
semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust. There are two kinds of crust, a lower and denser oceanic crust
and an upper, lighter continental crust found over only about 40 percent of the Earth's surface. The rocks of the crust
are of very different ages. Some continental rocks are over 3,000 million years old, while those of the ocean floor are
less then 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70 to 100 kilometers in
thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. These plates move over the
semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense
deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.
There are three main types of zones of contact : spreading contacts where plates move apart, converting
contacts where plates move towards each other, and transform contacts where plates slide past each other. New
oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's
crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges. If at such a spreading contact the two plates
support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed
like this as the American and Afro-European plates moved in opposite directions. At the same time at margins of
converging plates, the oceanic crust is being reabsorbed by being subducted into the mantle and remelted beneath the
ocean trenches. When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental blocks, too light to be drawn down,
continue to float and therefore buckle to form a mountain chain along the length of the margin of the plates.
A. Adapts to
B. Benefits from
C. Consists of
D. Focuses on
E. Have contents
10. "...the diversions with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life." (paragraph