Trigonometry

Solutions
Exercise 8.1
Question 1: In ΔABC right angled at B, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 m. Determine (i) sin A, cos A

Answer:
Applying Pythagoras theorem for ΔABC, we obtain
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
= (24 cm)2 + (7 cm)2
= (576 + 49) cm2
= 625 cm2
∴ AC = 625 cm = 25 cm

𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴 𝐵𝐶 7
(i) sin A = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 25

𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴 𝐴𝐵 24
cos A = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 25
Question 1: In ΔABC right angled at B, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 m. Determine (ii) sin C, cos C

Answer:
𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐶
sin C =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝐵
=
𝐴𝐶
24
=
25

𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐶
cos C =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐵𝐶
=
𝐴𝐶
7
=
25
Question 3: If sin A = ¾ , calculate cos A and tan A.

Answer: Let ΔABC be a right-angled triangle, right-angled at point B.

3
Given that, sin A =
4 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴
𝐵𝐶 3 cos A =
= = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝐶 4
𝐴𝐵
Let BC be 3k. =
𝐴𝐶
Therefore, AC will be 4k, 7𝑘 7
where k is a positive integer. = =
4𝑘 4
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴
tan A =
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴
𝐵𝐶
(4k)2 = AB2 + (3k)2 =
𝐴𝐵
16k2 − 9k2 = AB2 3𝑘 3
= =
7k2 = AB2 7𝑘 7
AB = 7 k
Question 5: Given sec θ = 13/12 , calculate all other trigonometric ratios.

Answer: Consider a right-angle triangle ΔABC, right-angled at point B.

𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
sec 𝜃 =
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃
13 𝐴𝐶
=
12 𝐴𝐵
If AC is 13k, AB will be 12k, where k is a positive integer.
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, we obtain
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
(13k)2 = (12k)2 + (BC)2
169k2 = 144k2 + BC2
25k2 = BC2
BC = 5k
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐵𝐶 5𝑘 5
sin 𝜃 = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 13𝑘 13
Question 5: Given sec θ = 13/12 , calculate all other trigonometric ratios.

Answer:

AC is 13k, AB is 12k & BC = 5k where k is a positive integer.

𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐵𝐶 5𝑘 5
sin 𝜃 = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 13𝑘 13
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐴𝐵 12𝑘 12
cos 𝜃 = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 13𝑘 13
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐵𝐶 5𝑘 5
an 𝜃 = = = =
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐴𝐵 12𝑘 12
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐴𝐵 12𝑘 12
cot 𝜃 = = = =
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐵𝐶 5𝑘 5
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 13𝑘 13
cosec 𝜃 = = = =
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐵𝐶 5𝑘 5
 𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 (𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)
Question 7: If cot θ = 7/8, evaluate (i) )
𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 (𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)

Answer:
Let us consider a right triangle ABC, right-angled at point B.
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐵𝐶 7
cot 𝜃 = = =
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐴𝐵 8
If BC is 7k, then AB will be 8k, where k is a positive integer.
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, we obtain
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
= (8k)2 + (7k)2
= 64k2 + 49k2
= 113k2
AC = 113 k
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐴𝐵 8𝑘 8
sin 𝜃 = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 113𝑘 113
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝜃 𝐵𝐶 7𝑘 7
cos 𝜃 = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 113𝑘 113
 𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 (𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)
Question 7: If cot θ = 7/8, evaluate (i) )
𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 (𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)

8 7
Answer: sin 𝜃 = & cos 𝜃 =
113 113
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)
=
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) (1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃)

8 2
1−
113
= 7 2
1−
113
64
1−113
= 49
1−113
49
113 49
= 64 =
64
113
Question 7: If cot θ = 7/8, evaluate (ii) cot2 θ

Answer:
cot2 θ = (cot θ)2
7 2
=
8
49
=
64
 1
Question 9: In ΔABC, right angled at B. If tan A = , find the value of (i) sin A cos C + cos
3
A sin C
1 𝐵𝐶 1
Answer: tan A = = =
3 𝐴𝐵 3
If BC is k, then AB will be 3k, where k is a positive integer.
In ΔABC, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
= ( 3k)2 + (k)2
= 3k2 + k2 = 4k2
∴ AC = 2k
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴 𝐵𝐶 𝑘 1
sin A = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 2𝑘 2
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴 𝐴𝐵 3𝑘 3
cos A = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 2𝑘 2
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐶 𝐴𝐵 3𝑘 3
sin C = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 2𝑘 2
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝑘 1
cos C = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 2𝑘 2
 1
Question 9: In ΔABC, right angled at B. If tan A = , find the value of
3
(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C
1 𝐵𝐶 1
Answer: tan A = = =
3 𝐴𝐵 3
If BC is k, then AB will be 3k, where k is a positive integer.
In ΔABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
= ( 3k)2 + (k)2
= 3k2 + k2 = 4k2
∴ AC = 2k
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴 𝐵𝐶 𝑘 1
sin A = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 2𝑘 2
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴 𝐴𝐵 3𝑘 3
cos A = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 2𝑘 2
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐶 𝐴𝐵 3𝑘 3
sin C = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 2𝑘 2
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝑘 1
cos C = = = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 2𝑘 2
 1
Question 9: In ΔABC, right angled at B. If tan A = , find the value of (ii) cos A cos C − sin
3
A sin C

Answer:
(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C
1 1 3 3
= +
2 2 2 2
1 3 4
= + = =1
4 4 4

(ii) cos A cos C − sin A sin C

3 1 1 3
= -
2 2 2 2
3 3
= - =0
4 4
Question 11: State whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer.
(i) The value of tan A is always less than 1.

Answer:
(i) Consider a ΔABC, right-angled at B.

𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴 12
tan A = =
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴 5
12
But >1
5
∴ tan A > 1
So, tan A < 1 is not always true.
Hence, the given statement is false.
Question 11: State whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer.
(ii) sec A = 12/5, for some value of angle A.

12
Answer: (ii) sec A = 5
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 12
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐴
= 5
𝐴𝐶 12
𝐴𝐵
= 5
Let AC be 12k, AB will be 5k, where k is a positive integer.
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, we obtain
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
(12k)2 = (5k)2 + BC2
144k2 = 25k2 + BC2
BC2 = 119k2
BC = 10.9k
It can be observed that for given two sides AC = 12k and AB = 5k,
BC should be such that,
AC − AB < BC < AC + AB
12k − 5k < BC < 12k + 5k
7k < BC < 17 k
However, BC = 10.9k. Clearly, such a triangle is possible and hence, such value of sec A is
possible.
Hence, the given statement is true.
Question 11: State whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer.
(iii) cos A is the abbreviation used for the cosecant of angle A.

Answer:
(iii) Abbreviation used for cosecant of angle A is cosec A.
And cos A is the abbreviation used for cosine of angle A.
Hence, the given statement is false.