Section - A

Q1. The number of significant figures in 0.0082090 m are: (a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 3

Q2. If displacement of a particle is given by y = a * sin(wt + kx) , then correct dimensional formula of wtand kx will be:

(a) [M^0L^0T^0]

(b) [MLT]

(c) [ML^2T]

(4) [MLT^2 ]

Q3. The rotational analogue of force in linear motion is

a) Moment of force

b) Torque

c) Couple

d) All

Q4. The position of a particle varies with time t as x = 2t ^ 2 - b * t ^ 3 The acceleration

(a) a/3b

(b) a/b

(c) 2a / 3 * b

(d) 0

Q5. If a ball is thrown upward with velocity 40 m/s, its velocity after 2 s will be

(a) 10 m/s

(b) 20 m/s

© 30 m/s

(d) 40 m/s

Q6. The magnitude of vector 4i - 3j will be:

(a) 16 (b) 5 (c) 25 (d) 9

Q7. A particle is projected in air at some angle to the horizontal, moves along parabola as shown in figure, where x and y indicate horizontal
and vertical directions, respectively. What will be the direction of velocity and acceleration at point B?

(a) + xand + y

(b) +x and -y

(c) - x * and + y

(d) - x * and – y

Q8. An athlete runs a few steps before taking a long jump. Which of the Newton three laws is applied here?

(a) Newton 1st law of motion

(b) Newton 3rd law

(c) Newton 2nd law

(d) All the three laws.

Q9. When the force retards the motion of body, the work done is

(a) zero

(b) negative
(c) positive

(d) Positive or negative depending upon the magnitude of force and displacement

Q10When a body is in equilibrium, which of the following must be true?

(A) There is no force acting on it.
(B) The sum of all the forces acting on it must be zero.
(C) The sum of all the forces acting on it is not equal to zero.
(D) There are exactly two forces acting on the body.

Following questions Q11-Q14 consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate
option given below

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

Q11. Assertion (A): A body in uniform circular motion travels with constant speed..

Reason (R): No acceleration acts on a body in circular motion.

Q12. Assertion (A): A body can have acceleration even if its velocity is zero at that instant oftime.

Reason (R): The body will be momentarily at rest when it reverses its direction of motion.

Q13. Assertion (A): Angular speed of the planet around the sun increases as it comes closer to the sun.

Reason (R): For an isolated system, angular momentum remains constant. Q14. Assertion (A): On a rainy day, it is difficult to drive a car or
a bus at high speed.

Reason (R): The value of coefficient friction is lowered due to wetting of the surface.

Section - B

Q15. The value of the universal gravitational constant in the SI system is 6.67 x 10-1 Nm²/Kg2. Convert this value from SI system to CGS
system.

Q16. The speed-time graph shows a 50-second car journey, Calculate the distance travelled from 20 secondsto 50 seconds.

Q17A bullet of mass 0.03 kg moving with a speed of 400 ms" penetrates 12 cm in a wooden block. plate the average force exerted by the
wood on the bullet.

Q18An airplane's velocity is doubled. a) What happens to its momentum ? Is the law of conservation of momentum obeyed?

Q19Find the expression for the radius of gyration of a solid sphere about one of its diameters.

Q20Two particles of masses 5 kg. and 10 kg. are placed at point (2,3) and (-1,5) respectively. Find the dinates of the centre of mass.

21Write rotational analogue of the following equations:

(a) p = mv (b) F=ma

Section - C

Q22. The figure below shows displacement - time curves I and II.
(i) Which of the bodies has larger velocity?

(ii) What can you say about acceleration acting on the body? (iii) What is the nature of motion – Uniform or non-Uniform? Explain.

Q23. Give any three practical applications of the law of conservation of linear momentum.

Q24. A particle is thrown upwards. It attains a height (h) after 5 seconds and again after 9s comes back. What is the speed of the particle
at a height h?

Q25. Two bodies are projected at angles 0 and (90-0) to the horizontal with the same speed. Find the ratio

of their times of flight.

OR

Read each statement below carefully and state with reasons, if it is true or false

(a) The magnitude of a vector is always a scalar.

(b) Each component of a vector is always a scalar.

(c) The total path length is always equal to the magnitude of the displacement vector of the particle.

Q26. How is centripetal force provided in case of the following:

(a) motion of planets around the sun

(b) Stone tied to a string and whirled in a horizontal circle. (c) motion of an electron around the nucleus of an atom.

Q27. Give reasons:

(a) Why do we beat dusty blankets with a stick to remove dust particles?

(b) A stone when thrown on a glass window smashes the window into pieces but a bullet fired from agun passes through it making a hole.

(c) When the electric current is switched off, the blades of the fan keep on moving for some time.

Q28. A car goes on a horizontal circular road of radius" of 3m/s². 4m. The speed of car is increasing at a consta

The friction coefficient between road and tyre is 0.5. Find the speed at which the car will skid. engine

OR

magnitude of angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis?

Q29 Define Torque. Write its unit. To maintain a rotor at a uniform angular speed of 200 rad/s, an needs to transmit a torque of 180 Nm.
What is the power required by the engine? . A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with angular speed 100 rad/s. The radius
of the cylinder is 0.25 m. What is the kinetic energy associated with the rotation of the cylinder? What is the

Q30. Properties of Vectors

Following are properties of vectors

Section - D

direction.
Two vectors A and B are said to be equal if, and only if, they have the same magnitude and the same Multiplying a vector A with a positive
number 2 gives a vector whose magnitude is changed by the factor 2 but the direction is the same as that of A. The null vector also results
when we multiply a vector A by the number zero. Properties of 0 are

A+0=A 20=0

0A=0 Subtraction of vectors can be defined in terms of addition of vectors. We define the difference of two vectors A and B as the sum of
two vectors A and -B: A-B A+ (-B).

Answer the following-

1) Two vectors A and B are said to be equal if a) they have the same magnitude

b) they have the same direction

c) they have the same magnitude and the same direction

d) None of these

2) Multiplying a vector A with a positive number will impact

a) Change in magnitude

b) Change in direction c) Change in magnitude only and the direction is same.

d) None of these

3) What is a null vector?

4) How can we perform subtraction of two vectors?

Q31. WORK

In everyday life, the term work is used to refer to any form of activity that requires the exertion of mental or muscular efforts. In physics,
work is said to be done by a force or against the direction of the force, when the point of application of the force moves towards ог place,
no work is said to bec the direction of the force. If no displacement takes against done.

A box is pushed through 4.0 m across a floor offering 100 N resistance. How much work is done

by the applied force? (a) 100J

(c) 300 J

(b) - 400]

(d) 400 J

What is work done in holding a 15 kg suitcase while waiting for 15 minutes?

(a) 22.5 J

(b) 225 J

(d) 150 J

(iii) Frictional forces are:

(a) conservative forces (b) non- conservative forces

(c) Zero

(c) buoyant force (d) none of these.

(iv) When the body moves in circular motion, net 'work' done by the centripetal force is: (a) Positive

(c) zero

(b) negative

(d) none of these

Section - E

Q32 (a) State and prove work energy theorem.

(b) A light body and a heavy body have the same kinetic energy. Which of the two will have more momentum? Justify.

(c) Distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions. What happens when a fast moving electron collides with a slow moving electron?

Q33 (a) Show that the total linear momentum of an isolated system of interacting particles is conserved.(2.5) (b) A rubber ball of mass
0.05 kg is thrown against a wall. It strikes the wall normally with a velocity of 25m/s and rebounds with the same speed in the opposite
direction. Calculate the impulse of the force exerted by the wall on the ball.

OR

Define tension in a string. What is its unit? For the figure shown below, find tension in the string and acceleration once the system is
released.

Answers

1- a) 5
2- a) M^0 L^0 T^0
3- b) Torque
4- a) a/3b
5- b) 20m/s
6- b) 5
7- a) +x and +y
8- b) Newton 3rd law
9- b) negative
10- b) the vector sum of all the forces acting on the body is zero.
11- C) A is true but R is false
12- A)
13- A)
14- A)
15- 6.67×10^7 dyn
16-
17- 17F=(0.03kg)(33.33s−400m/s)≈−0.36N

18-
a) When an airplane's velocity is doubled, its momentum also doubles, assuming the mass of the airplane remains constant. The law of
conservation of momentum is obeyed because no external forces are mentioned in this scenario that would change the total
momentum of the airplane and any other objects involved.
The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant if no external forces act
on it. In this case, if we consider the airplane as an isolated system, its initial momentum (mass times initial velocity) will be equal to its
final momentum (mass times final velocity) after doubling its velocity.

19)k=2r

Where:

• �k is the radius of gyration.

• �r is the radius of the solid sphere.

20) XCM=m1+m2m1x1+m2x2

YCM=m1+m2m1y1+m2y2

For XCMxCM:

XCM=(5 kg⋅2)+(10 kg⋅1)5 kg+10 kg=10 kg+10 kg15 kg=20 kg15 kg=43 mxCM=5kg+10kg(5kg⋅2)+(10kg⋅1)=15kg10kg+10kg=15kg20kg=34m

For YCMyCM:

YCM=(5 kg⋅3)+(10 kg⋅(−5))5 kg+10 kg=15 kg−50 kg15 kg=−35 kg15 kg=−73 myCM=5kg+10kg(5kg⋅3)+(10kg⋅(−5))=15kg15kg−50kg
=15kg−35kg=−37m

So, the coordinates of the center of mass are (XCM,YCM)=(43 m,−73 m)(xCM,yCM)=(34m,−37m).

21)

a)Angular Momentum (L)=Moment of Inertia (I)×Angular Velocity (ω)

b) Torque (τ)=Moment of Inertia (I)×Angular Acceleration (α)

22)

(i) II has more velocity than I

(ii) uniform accleration

(iii) Uniform motion

1. 23) Rocket Propulsion: In rocketry, the law of conservation of linear momentum is crucial. When a rocket propels gases
backward at high speeds, it experiences an equal and opposite force (thrust) that propels it forward. The principle is used in
space exploration, satellite launches, and even fireworks.
2. Car Safety: In automotive engineering, the law of conservation of linear momentum is applied to design safety features such
as airbags and crumple zones. Airbags are designed to inflate rapidly during a collision, increasing the time over which the
change in momentum occurs, reducing the force experienced by passengers. Crumple zones are designed to deform and
absorb energy during a crash, thus reducing the force transmitted to the occupants.
3. Sports and Athletics: Various sports and athletic activities rely on the conservation of linear momentum. In sports like
baseball, the conservation of momentum helps pitchers throw fastballs and batters hit home runs. In track and field,
athletes use their body's momentum to gain speed in events like the long jump or pole vault.

24)
 • The particle attains a certain height ℎh after 5 seconds, which means it reaches its maximum height and then
starts to descend.
• After 9 seconds, it returns to the same height ℎh.

Since the particle is at the same height ℎh after 9 seconds as it was after 5 seconds, its speed at height ℎh is the same as its initial speed
when it was thrown upwards.

So, the speed of the particle at height ℎh is the same as the initial speed at the moment it was thrown upwards.

25)

1. First Body (Projected at angle "theota"): It has an initial velocity "v0" that can be split into two components: "v0
cos(theota)" in the horizontal direction and "v0 sin(theota)" in the vertical direction.
2. Second Body (Projected at angle "90 - theota"): It also has an initial velocity "v0" that can be split into two components: "v0
sin(theota)" in the horizontal direction and "v0 cos(theota)" in the vertical direction.

Both bodies have the same horizontal and vertical initial velocities. Since the time of flight for projectile motion depends only on the
vertical motion (time taken to reach the maximum height and then return to the same height), and both bodies have the same vertical
components of velocity, they will have the same time of flight.

So, the ratio of their times of flight is "1:1," which means their times of flight are equal.

OR

(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) False

26)

Centripetal force is provided in the following ways for the mentioned cases:

a) motion of planets around the sun

The centripetal force that keeps planets in orbit around the Sun is primarily due to the gravitational attraction between the planet and
the Sun. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, every mass attracts every other mass with a force directly proportional to
the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. In this case, the
gravitational force acts as the centripetal force, pulling the planet toward the center of its elliptical orbit.

b) stone tied to a string and whirled in a horizontal circle.

In this case, the tension in the string provides the centripetal force. The stone is moving in a circular path, and the tension in the string
continuously pulls the stone toward the center of the circle. This tension force is what keeps the stone in circular motion.

c) motion of an electron around the nucleus of an atom

The motion of an electron around the nucleus in an atom is governed by the electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged
electron and the positively charged nucleus. According to Coulomb's law, opposite charges attract each other. The electrostatic force
provides the centripetal force necessary to keep the electron in orbit around the nucleus. The electron's kinetic energy balances the
electrostatic potential energy to maintain a stable orbit.

27)

a) We beat dusty blankets with a stick to remove dust particles because the mechanical action of beating or shaking causes the dust
particles to become dislodged from the fabric fibers. When we strike the blanket with a stick, it imparts energy to the blanket, causing
vibrations and movements in the fabric. These vibrations can shake loose the dust particles that have settled on the surface or have
become embedded in the fabric.
b) When a stone is thrown at a glass window, it smashes the window into pieces because the stone's kinetic energy is concentrated in a
small area upon impact. The force applied by the stone over a small contact area is sufficient to exceed the glass's strength, causing it to
break into shards. In contrast, a bullet fired from a gun is much smaller and has a much higher velocity. This high velocity allows the
bullet to penetrate the glass without applying a significant force over a small area. Instead, the bullet creates a hole as it passes through
the glass due to its high speed and minimal contact time. The glass doesn't shatter because the force is distributed over a larger area as
the bullet passes through, rather than concentrated at a single point.

c) When the electric current is switched off, the blades of a fan continue to move for some time due to inertia. Inertia is the tendency of
an object to resist changes in its state of motion

28) Radius, r=4 m

Coefficient of friction, μ=0.5

Maximum speed, Vmax=μrg

⟹Vmax=0.5×4×9.8

⟹Vmax=4.427 m/s

Therefore, the car will skid after it exceeds 4.427 m/s of speed.

29)
Torque is a measure of the rotational force that can cause an object to rotate around an axis. It's defined as the product of the force
applied to the object and the distance from the axis of rotation to the point where the force is applied. Mathematically, torque (τ) is
given by:

τ) =Force (F)×Lever Arm (r)τ=Force (F)×Lever Arm (r)

Given, the uniform angular speed of the rotor is 200 rad/s and the transmitted torque is 180 N-m.

Let T be the transmitted torque and ω be the angular speed of the rotor.

The power (P) required by the engine is given by,

P=Tω

Substitute the values in the above equation.

P=(180N−m)(200rad/s)=36000W=(36000W)(1kW1000W)=36 kW

Thus, the power required by the engine is 36 kW.

30)

1. C)

2. C)

3. A null vector, also known as a zero vector, is a mathematical concept used in vector algebra and geometry. It is a vector with

a magnitude (length) of zero and no specific direction.

4. Subtracting two vectors involves finding the vector that represents the difference between the two vectors. You can perform

vector subtraction using either the geometric method (head-to-tail method) or the component method.
31)

1. D) 400 J

2. C) zero

3. B)

4. C) zero

32)

a)

The work energy theorem states that work done on a body is equal to the net change in its energy.

Proof:

Consider a body of mass ‘m’ moving with an initial velocity u. Let a constant force F acting on a body changes its velocity to v. Let s be the distance traveled.

From the equation, v2=u2+2as,

we get v2–u2=2as

21(v2–u2)=as

Multiplying both sides by m, we have

21m(v2–u2)=mas

21m(v2–u2)=F.s(∵F=ma)

or 21mv2–21mu2=W

b)

Since both objects have the same kinetic energy, they will have the same momentum. The momentum of an object depends not only on

its kinetic energy but also on its mass and velocity. In this case, the lighter body will have a higher velocity compared to the heavier

body, but their momenta are equal due to the equal kinetic energy.

1. c) Elastic Collision:
• In an elastic collision, both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved.
• Examples include billiard ball collisions and idealized collisions between gas particles.
Inelastic Collision:
• In an inelastic collision, momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not necessarily conserved.
• Examples include car crashes and some types of collisions in everyday life.
2. Collision between a Particle and a Slow-Moving Electron:
When a particle (such as an alpha particle) collides with a slow-moving electron, it's typically referred to as a collision with
atomic or subatomic particles.
 • In such collisions, the behavior can be highly dependent on the relative masses and velocities of the particles
involved.
• Collisions with slow-moving electrons may result in various outcomes, including elastic scattering (where both
momentum and kinetic energy are conserved) or inelastic scattering (where kinetic energy is not conserved).
• These types of collisions are commonly studied in atomic and nuclear physics to understand the behavior of
particles at the atomic and subatomic levels.

33)

a)

The total linear momentum of an isolated system of interacting particles is conserved due to the law of conservation of momentum.
This fundamental principle in physics states that the total linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant if no external forces
act on the system.

b)

To calculate the impulse of the force exerted by the wall on the ball, you can use the impulse-momentum theorem, which relates the
impulse (J) to the change in momentum (Δp) of the ball:

ΔJ=Δp

The change in momentum is given by:

ΔP= Δp=pfinal−pinitial

Pinitial=m⋅Vinitial

pinitial=(0.05kg)⋅(25m/s)=1.25kg⋅m/s.

pfinal=(0.05kg)⋅(−25m/s)=−1.25kg⋅m/s.

Δp=pfinal−pinitial=(−1.25kg⋅m/s)−(1.25kg⋅m/s)=−2.5kg⋅m/s

So, the impulse of the force exerted by the wall on the ball is −2.5 kg⋅m/s−2.5kg⋅m/s.