Evaluation of Concrete Strength for Embedded Anchors.

1. Introduction

The deck has been thoroughly evaluated to determine the concrete strength for embedded anchors under
various failure modes, considering both tension and shear forces. These forces are induced by uplift and the
cable forces exerted on the new concrete section above the deck slab.

The tension failure modes related to the concrete include:

Concrete breakout failure (applicable to all anchor types)

Shear failure modes related to the concrete include:

Concrete breakout failure (applicable to all anchor types)

Concrete pryout (applicable to all anchor types)

Additionally, the analysis accounted for the combined effects of these forces to ensure the reliability and safety
of the structure under both typical and extreme conditions. The embedded zone considered for the check
extends only up to the deeper embedded anchor bars, which play a crucial role in strengthening the excessively
deflected cantilever structure for Abutment A1/A2 and Pier P1. These deeper bars, combined with the external
post-tensioning (PT) cables, form an integral part of the new concrete section, providing enhanced support and
stability.
Abutment

Abutment A1 Abutment A2

Pier P1
Note: In the following calculations, the strength reduction factor for the concrete breakout check in tension is
taken considering Anchor Category 1, which indicates low sensitivity to installation and high reliability,
as per the guidelines provided in ACI 318.

The determination of anchor categories as given in Table 17.5.3(b) of ACI 318 is based on tests specified
in ACI 355.2 and ACI 355.4M. These tests are designed to assess the sensitivity of anchors to various
installation procedures. The tests help in categorizing proprietary post-installed expansion, screw,
undercut, and adhesive anchors into different categories based on their performance and reliability.
 2. Strengthning Beam Forces@A1
Depth of individual elements
Beam = 0.3 m
Deck = 0.3 m
Diaphargm = 1.225 m
Pier cap = 0.75 m
Total depth of composite section = 2.575 m

Width of section = 1.5 m

PT Force/Level - Type 2 = 3344 kN

Eccentricity of Cables - Type 1 (from Top) = 0.10 m
Eccentricity from Centroid = 1.19 m
Moment due to PT - Type 2 = 3971

Iy[m4] = 2.13
zs[m] = 1.29
Ax[m2] = 3.86
Yt[m] = 1.29
Yb[m] = 1.29
D[m] = 2.58
Zt[m3] = 1.66
Zb[m3] = 1.66
Extreme Top Stress = -3.26 Mpa 0.00 m from top

Extreme Bottom Stress = 1.53 Mpa 2.58 m from top

Stress at interface of beam and deck = -2.70 Mpa 0.30 m from top

Average stress of strengthning beam = -2.98 Mpa

Shear in deck/Beam interface = 5346 kN

Shear per anchor = 134 kN

3. Strengthning Beam Forces@A2

Depth of individual elements
Beam = 0.5 m
Deck = 0.3 m
Diaphargm = 1.225 m
Pier cap = 0.75 m

Total depth of composite section = 2.775 m

Width of section = 1.5 m

PT Force/Level - Type 2 = 3344 kN

Eccentricity of Cables - Type 1 (from Top) = 0.15 m
Eccentricity from Centroid = 1.24 m
Moment due to PT - Type 2 = 4138

Iy[m4] = 2.67
zs[m] = 1.39
 Ax[m2] = 4.16
Yt[m] = 1.39
Yb[m] = 1.39
D[m] = 2.78
Zt[m3] = 1.93
Zb[m3] = 1.93
Extreme Top Stress = -2.95 Mpa 0.00 m from top

Extreme Bottom Stress = 1.35 Mpa 2.78 m from top

Stress at interface of beam and deck = -2.18 Mpa 0.50 m from top

Average stress of strengthning beam = -2.57 Mpa

Shear in deck/Beam interface = 4764 kN

Shear per anchor = 119 kN

4. Strengthning Beam Forces@Pier location

Depth of individual elements
Beam = 0.58 m
Deck = 0.3 m
Diaphargm = 1.225 m
Pier cap = 0.75 m

Total depth of composite section = 2.855 m

Width of section = 1.5 m

PT Force/Level - Type 2 = 3344 kN

Eccentricity of Cables - Type 2 (from Top) = 0.10 m
Eccentricity from Centroid = 1.33 m
Moment due to PT - Type 2 = 4439
PT Force/Level - Type 3 = 3344 kN
Eccentricity of Cables - Type 3 (from Top) = 0.30 m
Eccentricity from Centroid = 1.13 m
Moment due to PT - Type 3 = 3770

Iy[m4] = 2.91
zs[m] = 1.43
Ax[m2] = 4.28
Yt[m] = 1.43
Yb[m] = 1.43
D[m] = 2.86
Zt[m3] = 2.04
Zb[m3] = 2.04
Extreme Top Stress = -5.59 Mpa 0.00 m from top

Extreme Bottom Stress = 2.47 Mpa 2.86 m from top

Stress at interface of beam and deck = -3.95 Mpa 0.58 m from top

Average stress of strengthning beam = -4.77 Mpa

Shear in deck/Beam interface = 2536 kN

Shear per anchor row = 254 kN

 5. Calculation for concrete strength @ Abutment location

Abutment A1/A2, Plan for anchor placement for prestressed beam

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10
-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

a) Concrete Breakout Strength of Anchor in Tension:

Embedded length hef = 300 mm

Projected area for a single anchor ANco = 810000 mm2
Total projected area for anchor group ANc = 4372500 mm2

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.3.1) Breakout eccentricity factor ψec,N = 0.9

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.4.1a) Breakout edge effect factor ψed,N = 1

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.5.1) Breakout cracking factor ψc,N = 1.4

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.6.1) Breakout splitting factor ψcp = 1

kc = 7

Lightweight concrete modification factor λa = 1

SI ACI 318-19:(17.2.4.1)
 Concrete strength fc' = 50 Mpa

Basic single anchor breakout strength Nb = kcλa √fc' hef1.5

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.2.1) Nb = 257196.4

Nominal concrete breakout strength of

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.1b) group of anchors in tension Ncbg = ANc/ANco ψec,N ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb

Ncbg = 1749.364 kN

SI ACI 318-19:(17.5.3) Strength reduction factor ϕ = 0.75

ϕNcbg = 1312.0 kN > 750 kN

b) Pull out Strength of Anchor in Tension: anchor type

The pullout strength equations given in

17.6.3.2.2(a) and 17.6.3.2.2(b) are only applicable
to cast-in headed and hooked anchors.

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.3.1) Npn = ψc,P Np

c) Concrete Side-Face Blowout Strength of Anchor in Tension: anchor type

Applicable to headed anchors that usually are cast-

in place
d) Concrete Breakout Strength of Anchor in Shear:

Assuming shear force is distributed on end cantilever row

 ca1 = 875 mm
ca2 750 mm
ha = 300 mm
s1 = 300 mm

da = 20 mm
le = hef
8*da = 160 mm

projected area of the failure surface Avc = 978750.0 mm2

max. projected area for a single anchor Avco = ######## mm2

SI ACI 318-19:(17.7.2.2.1a)

Vb = 744.3571 kN

SI ACI 318-19:(17.7.2.2.1b)

Vb = 677.1717 kN

Vb = min (Vb1, Vb2 )

= 677.1717 kN

SI ACI 318-19:(17.7.2.1b)

ψec,V = 1
ψed,V = 1
ψc,V = 1
ψh,V = 2.09
Vcbg = 402 kN

Strength reduction factor ϕ = 0.7

Design concrete breakout strength in

shear for group of anchors ϕVcbg = 282 kN > 134 kN Design Shear
per Anchor
 e) Concrete Pryout Strength of Anchor in Shear:

SI ACI 318-19:(17.7.3.1a) Vcpg = kcp Ncpg

Vcpg = 3499 kN

Strength reduction factor ϕ = 0.7

ϕVcpg = 2449 kN > 134 kN Design Shear
per Anchor
 6. Calculation for concrete strength@ Pier Location location

Pier, Plan for anchor placement for prestressed beam

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.5
-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

a) Concrete Breakout Strength of Anchor in Tension:

Embedded length hef = 300 mm

Projected area for a single anchor ANco = 810000 mm2
Total projected area for anchor group ANc = 5670000 mm2

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.3.1) Breakout eccentricity factor ψec,N = 0.9

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.4.1a) Breakout edge effect factor ψed,N = 1

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.5.1) Breakout cracking factor ψc,N = 1.4

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.6.1) Breakout splitting factor ψcp = 1

kc = 7

Lightweight concrete modification factor λa = 1

SI ACI 318-19:(17.2.4.1)
 Concrete strength fc' = 50 Mpa

Basic single anchor breakout strength Nb = kcλa √fc' hef1.5

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.2.1) Nb = 257196.4

Nominal concrete breakout strength of

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.2.1b) group of anchors in tension Ncbg = ANc/ANco ψec,N ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb

Ncbg = 2268.472 kN

SI ACI 318-19:(17.5.3) Strength reduction factor ϕ = 0.75

ϕNcbg = 1701.4 kN > 1400 kN

b) Pull out Strength of Anchor in Tension: anchor type

The pullout strength equations given in

17.6.3.2.2(a) and 17.6.3.2.2(b) are only applicable
to cast-in headed and hooked anchors.

SI ACI 318-19:(17.6.3.1) Npn = ψc,P Np

c) Concrete Side-Face Blowout Strength of Anchor in Tension: anchor type

Applicable to headed anchors that usually are cast-

in place
d) Concrete Breakout Strength of Anchor in Shear:

Assuming shear force is distributed on end cantilever row

 ca1 = 875 mm
ca2 0 mm
ha = 300 mm
s1 = 300 mm

da = 20 mm
le = hef
8*da = 160 mm

projected area of the failure surface Avc = ######## mm2

max. projected area for a single anchor Avco = ######## mm2

SI ACI 318-19:(17.7.2.2.1a)

Vb = 744.3571 kN

SI ACI 318-19:(17.7.2.2.1b)

Vb = 677.1717 kN

Vb = min (Vb1, Vb2 )

= 677.1717 kN

SI ACI 318-19:(17.7.2.1b)

ψec,V = 1
ψed,V = 1
ψc,V = 1
ψh,V = 2.09
Vcbg = 472 kN

Strength reduction factor ϕ = 0.7

Design concrete breakout strength in shear

for group of anchors ϕVcbg = 330 kN > 134 kN Design Shear
per Anchor
 e) Concrete Pryout Strength of Anchor in Shear:

SI ACI 318-19:(17.7.3.1a) Vcpg = kcp Ncpg

Vcpg = 4537 kN

Strength reduction factor ϕ = 0.7

ϕVcpg = 3176 kN > 134 kN Design Shear
per Anchor