Table 1. The Research Story.

This part introduces the research to be done and should be limited only to a specific area of research. Maximum of 20 sentences
only. The story should be inverted pyramid meaning from general to specific. (Include references)

Title of Research
Using Gradient Boosting Model for Predicting the Student Performance in Relation to their Study Habits
Research Area
Predictive analytics, Study Habits, Online learning, Predictive models, Gradient Boosting Model
The Storyline
Selection of Algorithm
1 Predictive analytics is a term mainly used in statistical and analytics techniques. It allows to predict the future by analyzing current and historical
data wherein the future events and behaviour can be predict by using the predictive models. These models are helpful in identifying the risk and
opportunities for every individual in the organization (V. Kumar & ML. Garg, 2018).
2 Machine learning algorithms provide predictions which allow engineers, researchers and scientists to make a reliable decision (Sathe &
Adamuthe,2021). It is the fastest rising arena un computer science which can learn and progress over time and can be used in prediction (V.
Nithya & V. Ilango, 2017)
3 Decision trees are outstanding tools to help anyone to select the best action. It generate a highly valuable arrangement in which one place options
and study possible outcomes if those options. Also facilitate a fair idea related to each possible action ( M. Batra & R. Agrawal, 2018).
4 Boosting method was a procedure that combines that combines the outputs of many weak classifiers to produce a powerful committee (Hastie,
Tibshirani & Friedman, 2017).
5 The boosting is an ensemble machine learning technique which combines low accuracy model to create a high accuracy model that can be
utilized in various domains for improving prediction such as in credit, insurance, person’s behaviour, diagnosis and sales (P. Bahad & P. Saxena,
2020).
6 The gradient boosting algorithm has been recently extended with several interesting proposals that focus on both speed and accuracy (C.
Bentejac, A. Csorgo & G. Muñoz, 2021).
7 The gradient boosting model turns out to be more accurate than the random forest in forecasting real GDP growth and this is more accurate than
benchmark forecast (J. Yoon, 2021)
8 In the study of adaboost and the gradient boosting algorithm for predictive analytics, the gradient boosting algorithm shows better prediction
accuracy than the traditional machine learning (P. Bahad & P. Saxena, 2020).
Software Application of the algorithm
9 Study habits proves that it can significantly improve the the academic performance of the student which it develops the knowledge and perceptual
capacities of the student, it tells the person how much he can learn and how much he wants to earn which is correlate for one’s person success
(M. Rabia et al, 2017).
In the prediction of academic achievement based on learning strategies and study habits it shows that its establish a good academic performance
and student’s academic achievement ( B. Reyes et al, 2022)
Machine learning is widely used in various fields and primary health care industry which it was benefited a lot through machine learning prediction
techniques (B. Nithya & V. Ilango, 2017).
1 Predicting the student performance is playing vital role in educational sector for the analysis od student’s status helps to improve for better
2 performance which is the used of the machine learning algorithm are very much useful for the student performance prediction (V. Vijayalakshmi &
K. Venkatachalapathy, 2019).
1 Educational data mining is the area of research where predictive modelling is very useful. The early prediction can help student to motivate
3 student in better ways to face rhe future endeavour (D. Vora, K. Iyer, 2018).
1 Boosting model shows a higher accuracy in predicting the student performance in the study of predicting student academic performance using
4 machine language wherein it help educators to identify the gaps in student learning and enable to dectect effectively those underperforming students
(O. Ojajuni et al).
1 Another study in predicting student performance shows that gradient boosting trees gives the best accuracy in any classification model that are
5 applied in the study ( N.Ketui, W. Wisomka & K. Homjun, 2019).
Table 2. Compilation of RRL (Matrix). In the research area identified above, list the previous works being used. Add more rows to the table, if necessary.

Algorithm

Algorithm and Reference Description Strength Weakness

Performance evaluation of The use of machine learning to predict Gradient Boosting Model yields to be
SVM and GBM in the strength of waste coarse ceramic more robust and works better than the
predicting compressive aggregate. bagging based random forest (Y. Chen
and splitting tensile et al, 2013).
strength of concrete with
ceramic waste and nylon GBM shows significant advancement in
fiber ( S. Ray & M. Alam, many real life applications (Johnson &
2021) Zhang, 2011).

GBM us more straightforward

calculation of the response, highly
customible and more accessible by
only performing trial and error
procedure. GBM performs way better
than SVM in predicting splitting and
mechanical strength
Artificial Neural Presents an exploratory modelling ANN achieve sufficient accuracy ANN performs poorly in classification of
Networks(ANN), (Liu et. and analyses of students’ performance performance. students according to their gender.
Al, 2019) through the data ANN has been The difficulty for a modelled ANN
collected from one Chinese university gaining wider attention and has proven system to provide a suitable explanation (the
a great success black-box nature), proneness to over-fitting,
in the application of pattern and the time needed
recognitions, classifcations, for neural network training (Tu, 1996).
forecasting and prediction in the areas
of healthcare, cli-
mate and weather, stock markets, etc.
Decision trees for Comparative analysis of C4.5 and C5.0 C5.0 algorithm mainly supported Time consuming and can’t fit in memory
predictive modeling Algorithm boosting to improve classifier accuracy. when the dataset becomes bigger.
approach (Revathy & C5.0 algorithm is improved than C4.5
Lawrance,2017) on the speed, memory and efficiency. It
 mainly supported boosting to improve
classifier accuracy
Naïve bayes Factors in predicting Academic The used of educational data mining to Naïve bayes algorithm gives only a low
algorithm(Capao, performance using naïve bayes. find patterns and the use of Naiive percentage in exact match of accuracy rate.
Cantara, Mendoza, bayes algorithm as the one to predict
Polinar & Tero, 2016) academic performance( Ahmad et. al,
Affedey et al & Sundar)

System

Reference Description Strength Weakness

Assessment analysis and Web based portal that provide potential The prediction is directly shown on the Takes more computational time to predict the
performance prediction prediction about student’s performance web portal and shows graph to display result.
using M5 rules (Chand, the decreased and increase of the
Prabakaran, Ramani, Rao student performance.
& Vemparala, 2019)
Student final grade Applying Linear regression to predict the Provide predicted grade of final The algorithm model used is a univariate
prediction based on final grade of the student in the examination in particularl subject. means it only takes one variable
Linear particular subject.
regression(Gadhavi et. al,
2017
Student profile modelling Comparative study for different boosting Boosting algorithm have been proven
using boosting algorithm algorithm to be efficient in several areas. It is
(T. Hamim, F. Benabbou simple to implement and aim to
& N. Sawel, 2022) providing a prediction powered by
training a sequence of weak model.