Primary Education Emerging from

Philosophical Views
Begum Rahman
BA Hons (political science-UOC), MA (education psychology-UUM)

Senior Lecturer (Gr. II) in Social Sciences (Education Psychology)

South Eastern University of Sri Lanka
Plato
In primary education, Plato emphasized the importance of
cultivating virtues, moral values, and critical thinking skills in
children. (ew;gof;ftof;fq;fs; >xOf;fk;> tpkHrd hPjpahf
MuhAk; jpwd;)
•
• fy;tp njhlHghf gpNsl;Nlh Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ kztDf;F
toq;fg;gLk; mwpT gad;kpf;fjhfTk;> r%f gaDs;s rpytw;iw
khztd; fw;fTk; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.
• clw; gapw;rp xOf;fg;gapw;rp Kjypatw;Wf;Fk; gpNsl;Nlhtpd;
fy;tpr;rpe;jidapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. “cWjpahd
clYk; cWjpahd cs;sKk;” vd;w Nfhl;ghL kPs
typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. fy;tpia tho;f;if KOtJk; njhlUk;
nray;Kiwahf fUjpdhH. Foe;ij fUthfpapUf;Fk; nghONj
jhahy; Efh;r;rp
• nra;ag;gLk; ,ir Foe;ijf;F Cl;lkhf mikjiy
Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ,ir> fl;ll epHkhzk; Kjypait fw;Nghhplj;Nj
,q;fpjkhd kdg;gjpTfis Vw;gLj;Jk; mofpa #oy; kdj;jpd;
Nkk;ghl;Lf;Fhpa nghUj;jkhd J}z;bahf mikfpd;wJ. cs
tpUj;jpNa fy;tpapd; cd;djkhd Nehf;fkhfpd;wJ.
gpNsl;Nlhtpd; fy;tpr;rpe;jidapy; gpd;tUk;
fl;Lg;ghLfs; fhzg;gl;ld:
• njhopyhsp tHf;fj;jpdUf;F rpwpa mstpyhd fy;tpNa NghJk; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lik r%f

ePjpahf nfhs;sf;$bajy;y.

• xt;nthU gphptpdUf;Fk; chpa nghJthd fy;tpia typAWj;jpdhH. mj;Jld; tpjtpjkhdJk;

gd;Kfg;ghq;fhdJkhd fy;tpr;nraw;ghLfis gw;wp rpe;jpf;ftpy;iy.

• ,yf;fpa fy;tpnjhlHghf Negative fUj;Jf;fNs mthplk; fhzg;gl;ld.

• fUj;Jf;fSf;F mjp caHe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fpaNghJ nghUs;rhH

epiyikfSf;Fk; elg;gpay; tho;Tk; gpd;Ndhf;fg;gl;ld.

• Mrphpaiu ikakhff; nfhz;l fy;tp KiwNa ,tuhy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ.

• tpQ;Qhdk;> njhopDl;gk; ,tUila fy;tpj;jpl;lj;jpy; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;ld.

• fy;tpapy; rpwg;Gj;NjHr;rpapw;F NghJkhd ,lkspf;fg;gltpy;iy.

Aristotle

In primary education, Aristotle advocated for a balanced development of

intellectual and moral virtues. He emphasized the need for practical
knowledge and the cultivation of good habits in young learners.
Rousseau

In primary education, Rousseau argued for a child-centered approach, where the

curriculum should align with the child's developmental stages, fostering a love for
learning and a harmonious connection with nature.
,aw;ifNahL ,ize;j fy;tp Kiw
• &N]htpd; kdpj tpUj;jp cstpaw;fz;Nzhl;lj;ij 4 tpjkhf fl;likf;fpd;whH.

• 1.,aw;if fhyk; 0-12 taJ tiu

• 2.fhuzq;fhzw; fhyk; 12-15 taJtiu

• 3. tYtpirnaOq;fhyk; 15-20 taJ tiu

• 4.Qhdk; kfpo;tpf;Fk; fhyk; 20-25 taJ tiu

• ,jid njhlHe;J kfpo;r;rpahd fhyk; ePbf;Fk; vd Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

• NkYk; mtH fw;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; fiyj;jpl;l nraw;ghLfis Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ:

1. gpwg;G Kjy; 5 taJ tiuahd Foe;ijg;gUtj;jpy; clypd; xt;nthU cWg;Gf;fis tsg;gLj;jp Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

fy;tp nraw;ghLfis toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. Foe;ijapd; cly; gyk; gytPdkhdhy; csg;gyKk; gytPdkilAk;. cly;

gyj;ij tYg;gLj;Jk; NghJ Foe;ij gpioahd nraw;ghLfis nra;a KayhJ. tpisahl;Lf;fspy; Foe;ijfis

<LgLj;Jk; NghJ tPzhd nra;ghLfspy; <Lglkhl;lhH.Foe;ijfSf;F KOikahd Rje;jpuj;ij toq;Fk; NghJ mtHfs;

jkJ ,ay;G+f;fq;fis ,aw;ifahfNt tsHj;Jf; nfhs;thHfs;.

2. Foe;ijg;gUtj;ij mLj;J tUtJ gps;isg;gUtk; my;yJ tsH Foe;ijg;gUtk;. ,J 5-12 taJ tiu cs;s fhyk;.

cw;w Nehf;fyhYk;> mDgtq;fshYk; mtHfspd; Gyd; cWg;Gf;fisAk; czHTfisAk; tsk;gLj;jNy rpwe;j

mZFKiw
• 12-15 taJ tiu epfOk; fl;bsikg;gUtj;jpy; cly; cs tsHr;rp

Nkk;gl;bUj;jyhy; xOq;fike;j fy;tpr;nraw;ghLfis toq;f KbAk;.fw;wy;> fbd

Ntiy> topfhl;ly; Kjypatw;why; mth;fsJ MSik ghpkhzq;fis tsHj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

• 15-20 taJ tiu ,sikf;fhyk; MFk;. ,g;gUtj;jpy; kdntOr;rpfisSk;

sentiments fisAk; tsHf;f cjTjy; rpwe;jJ. ,g;gUtj;jpy; mwr;rpe;jidsfs;

kw;Wk; r%f gz;GfisAk; tsHf;f Jiz epw;wy; mtrpak;.

• ,sikg;gUtj;jpw;F fy;tpapy; mwk;> rkak;. Kjypatw;Wf;F ,lkspj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gUtj;jpy; E}w; fy;tpAk;> tphpTiu KiwfisAk; Kjd;ik

gLj;jyhk;.

•
• nghJthf &N]h mwpthdJ Gyd;fspD}lhfNt jpul;lg;gLtjhf
Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ,jdhy; fw;wypy; Gyd;fspd; njhopw;ghLfs;
Kjd;ikgLj;jpaJld; Gyd;fis J}z;lf;$ba #oy;fis
fl;lkig;Gr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd Fwpg;gpl;lhH. fl;likg;G
nra;jy; thapyhf fw;wiyAk; ,aw;if tpQ;Qhdj;ij
fw;wiyAk; Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpdhH. Ruz;lYf;Fk; gwpg;Gf;Fk;
cw;glhj ,aw;if #oypy; khztHfs; tsu tply; Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjidAk; Fwpg;gpl;lhH. rypg;G+l;Lk; tuz;l ghlE}y; %yk;
fw;Fk; khztHfsJ ,aw;ifahd tsHr;rp ghjfkhf miktjhf
Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.
John Dewey
In primary education, Dewey advocated for a hands-on, inquiry-
based learning approach that engages students in active
participation and encourages critical thinking.
Maria Montessori

In primary education, Montessori's philosophy focuses on

creating a supportive and child-friendly environment that allows
students to explore and learn at their own pace, fostering
creativity and a love for learning.
Jean Piaget

In primary education, Piaget's ideas suggest that the curriculum

and teaching methods should align with the cognitive
development of children, providing age-appropriate challenges
and activities