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NETWORK
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1Background Of The Study
Ado Ekiti, the capital city of Ekiti State, Nigeria, has experienced rapid industrial
and commercial growth in recent years, leading to an increased demand for
electricity (Adeoti et al., 2020). However, the power distribution network in Ado
Ekiti has struggled to keep pace with this growth, resulting in poor power quality
and frequent power outages (Oyedepo et al., 2018).
Power quality is a critical aspect of electricity supply, as it affects the reliability,
efficiency, and lifespan of electrical equipment (Arrillaga et al., 2017). Poor power
quality can cause equipment malfunction, damage, and even complete failure,
leading to significant economic losses and disruptions to industrial and
commercial activities (Dugan et al., 2012).
The Ado Ekiti distribution network faces several challenges that affect power
quality, including aging and deteriorating infrastructure (Oyedepo et al., 2018),
overloading and underloading of power systems (Adeoti et al., 2020), high levels
of harmonic distortion (Arrillaga et al., 2017), voltage sag and swell (Dugan et al.,
2012), and power outages and blackouts (Oyedepo et al., 2018).
Despite these challenges, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on power
quality in the Ado Ekiti distribution network (Adeoti et al., 2020). Therefore, this
study aims to analyze the power quality in the Ado Ekiti distribution network,
identify the causes of poor power quality, and recommend strategies for
improvement.
1.2Problem Statement
The Ado Ekiti power distribution network experiences poor power quality, causing
economic losses and disruptions. Aging infrastructure and lack of effective
strategies exacerbate the issue, necessitating a comprehensive study to identify
root causes and develop improvement strategies.
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1.3Aim And Objectives
The aim of this study is to investigate the power quality in the Ado Ekiti
distribution network. The specific objectives are:
1. to assess the current power quality in the Ado Ekiti distribution network,
including voltage sag and swell, harmonic distortion, and power outages;
2. to identify the root causes of poor power quality, including aging infrastructure,
overloading, and other factors;
3. to develop effective strategies for improving power quality and reliability,
including infrastructure upgrades, load management, and other solutions.
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developing effective strategies for improvement, this study can contribute to
enhancing the reliability and efficiency of the power supply, which is crucial for
the economic and social well-being of the city and its inhabitants. Furthermore,
the findings of this study can serve as a reference for other distribution networks
facing similar challenges, and can inform policy and decision-making at the local
and national levels. Ultimately, this study aims to make a meaningful impact on
the quality of life and economic development of Ado Ekiti and beyond.
1.6Definition Of Terms
Power Quality (PQ): The degree to which electric power conforms to established
standards for voltage, frequency, and waveform, ensuring reliable and efficient
operation of electrical equipment.
Power Distribution Network (PDN): A system of electrical lines, substations, and
transformers that deliver electricity from the power plant to consumers.
Voltage Sag (VS): A temporary reduction in voltage magnitude, typically lasting
from a few cycles to several minutes.
Voltage Swell (VSW): A temporary increase in voltage magnitude, typically lasting
from a few cycles to several minutes.
Harmonic Distortion (HD): The presence of voltage or current waves at
frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, causing
interference and equipment malfunction.
Power Outage (PO): A complete loss of electric power, resulting in disruption of
electrical supply to consumers.
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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The power distribution network in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, has experienced rapid
industrial and commercial growth in recent years, leading to an increased demand
for electricity (Adeoti et al., 2020). This growth has put a strain on the existing
infrastructure, resulting in poor power quality and frequent power outages
(Oyedepo et al., 2018). Power quality is a critical aspect of electricity supply, as it
affects the reliability, efficiency, and lifespan of electrical equipment (Arrillaga et
al., 2017). Poor power quality can cause equipment malfunction, damage, and
even complete failure, leading to significant economic losses and disruptions to
industrial and commercial activities (Dugan et al., 2012).
Furthermore, poor power quality can also lead to voltage sag, harmonic
distortion, and other disturbances, which can have a significant impact on the
overall performance of the power distribution network (Oyedepo et al., 2018). In
addition, the lack of effective power quality monitoring and analysis in Ado Ekiti
has made it challenging to identify and address power quality issues in a timely
and efficient manner (Adeoti et al., 2020).
Therefore, this study aims to analyze the power quality in the Ado Ekiti
distribution network, identify the causes of poor power quality, and recommend
strategies for improvement. The study will employ a combination of field
measurements, simulations, and statistical analysis to achieve its objectives. The
findings of this study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on power
quality and provide valuable insights for power distribution network operators,
policymakers, and other stakeholders in the electricity sector.
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potential issues that may affect the reliable operation of electrical equipment.
These parameters provide valuable information about the voltage, current, and
frequency of the power supply, enabling utilities and consumers to take corrective
action to prevent equipment damage and downtime. The parameters used to
measure power quality include voltage magnitude and unbalance, harmonic
distortion, voltage sag and swell, power factor, total harmonic distortion (THD),
and voltage fluctuations. Understanding these parameters is essential for
evaluating power quality and identifying areas for improvement.
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problem. It is essential to address poor power quality to mitigate these effects and
ensure a reliable and efficient power supply.
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References:
Adeoti, O., Oyedepo, O., & Ademola, A. (2020). Power quality assessment of a
distribution network in Nigeria. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology,
15(4), 839-848.
Arrillaga, J., Watson, N., & Chen, S. (2017). Power system harmonics. John Wiley &
Sons.
Dugan, R. C., McGranaghan, M. F., & Beaty, H. W. (2012). Electrical power systems
quality. McGraw-Hill Professional.
Oyedepo, O., Adeoti, O., & Ademola, A. (2018). Power quality issues in Nigeria’s
power sector: A review. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Adeoti,
O., Oyedepo, O., & Ademola, A. (2020). Power quality assessment of a distribution
network in Nigeria. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 15(4), 839-
848.
Arrillaga, J., Watson, N., & Chen, S.(2017). Power system harmonics. John Wiley &
Sons.
Dugan, R. C., McGranaghan, M. F., & Beaty, H. W. (2012). Electrical power systems
quality. McGraw-Hill Professional.
Oyedepo, O., Adeoti, O., & Ademola, A. (2018). Power quality issues in Nigeria’s
power sector: A review. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy
Systems, 103, 143-152.