COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUTRAJAYA CAMPUS

FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER 2, 2021 / 2022

PROGRAMME : Bachelor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

(Honours.) /

SUBJECT CODE : EEEB383 / EEEB2054

SUBJECT : Random Process

DATE : May 2022

DURATION : 3 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. This paper contains SIX (6) questions in SIX (6) pages.

2. Answer ALL questions.

3. Write all answers in the answer booklet provided.

4. Write answer to EACH question on a new page.

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 7 (6) PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING

THIS COVER PAGE

Page 1 of 7
 EEEB383 / EEEB2054, Semester 2, 2021/2022

QUESTION 1 [20 MARKS]

(a) You are tasked to check the functionality of an integrated circuit (IC). The IC consists
of four AND gates (AND1, AND2, AND3, AND4). An IC is considered functioning
only if all four gates are working well in sequence. Hence, you need to check the
functionality of each gate one after another. Each gate malfunctions (not working)
with probability 0.25. If any of the gate malfunctions, you will stop the test altogether
and consider that the IC is not functioning.

(i) Draw a tree diagram that describes the functionality of the IC. Label all
branches accordingly.
[3 Marks]

(ii) If all AND gates are independent, what is the PMF of N, the number of times
the gate is being checked?
[6 Marks]

(iii) Let M denote the event that the IC is functioning well. To ensure the reliability
of each IC, you want the probability of the functioning IC to be more than 0.8.
Given the situation, what should be the new minimum probability of
malfunction gate necessary to achieve your objective?
[5 Marks]

(b) The random variable X has CDF:

{
0 x <1
0.3 1 ≤ x <2
F X (x ) =
0.5 2≤ x <4
1 x≥ 4

(i) Draw a graph of CDF.

[2 Marks]

(ii) Find E[X].

[4 Marks]

Page 2 of 7
 EEEB383 / EEEB2054, Semester 2, 2021/2022

QUESTION 2 [20 MARKS]

(a) Before attending any lecture, I would buy a coffee with the price of RM9. For over X
number of years teaching, the total amount of coffee I spent can be approximated by a
Gaussian random variable Bx with expected value 50X and variance 90X.

(i) What is the probability B15 exceeds 900?

[6 Marks]

(ii) How many years, X, must I teach in order that P[BX>900]>0.75?

[6 Marks]

(b) Y is a continuous (-7, 7) random variable.

(i) What is the CDF FY(y)?

[4 Marks]

(ii) What is the E[Y]?

[4 Marks]

Page 3 of 7
 EEEB383 / EEEB2054, Semester 2, 2021/2022

QUESTION 3 [20 MARKS]

(a) As a power communication engineer, you are going to determine the number of
routers used in two different distribution substations. Depending on the area of the
substation, the number of routers can be:
 2 routers for rural area
 3 routers for suburban area
 5 routers for urban area
Distribution substations can be divided into two categories; Substation A has a rating
of 11 kV and Substation B has a rating of 33 kV.
Given X to be the number of routers and Y to be the rating of the substation, Table 1
describes its probability model.
Table 1: Probability Model
11 kV substation 33 kV substation
Rural 0.1 0.05
Suburban 0.2 0.25
Urban 0.3 0.1

(i) Find PX,Y(x,y), the joint PMF of the number of routers and substation ratings.
[2 Marks]

(ii) Are X and Y independent?

[5 Marks]

(iii) The average number of routers is used as an indicator to check whether the
number of routers is sufficient or not. If the number of routers is less than 3,
we assume that the number of routers is not sufficient. Is the number of routers
sufficient? Justify your answer numerically.
[5 Marks]

(b) Find the CDF of Y for the joint PDF below. Note that constant c needs to be solved:

FX,Y(x,y) = {3+cy0 otherwise

0≤ y≤ x≤1

[8 Marks]

Page 4 of 7
 EEEB383 / EEEB2054, Semester 2, 2021/2022

QUESTION 4 [15 MARKS]

You are calculating the manpower cost of fiber installation for your company by exactly how
many minutes the installer is working, without any rounding of fractional minutes. For the
first 500 minutes, the cost of the manpower is RM100. Each additional minute will then cost
RM1 per minute. The number of minutes an installer work is an exponential random variable
with the expected value E[T] = 300 minutes. Let X be the cost of one month of service.

(a) What is P[X=100]?

[5 Marks]

(b) What is the CDF of X?

[5 Marks]

(c) What is E[X]?

[5 Marks]

QUESTION 5 [15 MARKS]

Random variables X and Y have joint PDF

{
5y
2x+ 0 ≤ x ≤1 ; 0 ≤ y ≤ 1
fX,Y(x,y) = 3
0 otherwise
1
Let A = {Y≤ }.
3
(a) Find fX,Y|A(x,y).
[7 Marks]

(b) Find fX|A(x,y).

[4 Marks]

(c) Find fY|A(x,y).

[4 Marks]

Page 5 of 7
 EEEB383 / EEEB2054, Semester 2, 2021/2022

QUESTION 6 [10 MARKS]

X(t) is a wide sense stationary random process. For each process X i(t) defined below,
determine whether Xi(t) and X(t) are jointly wide sense stationary.

(a) X1(t) = X(bt)

[5 Marks]

(b) X2(t) = X(c+t)

[5 Marks]

Page 6 of 7
 EEEB383 / EEEB2054, Semester 2, 2021/2022

-END OF QUESTION PAPER-

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