DEPARTMENT : AIDS YEAR : III

SUB.CODE & SUB. NAME: CCS352 & MULTIMEDIA AND ANIMATION

QUESTION BANK CHAPTERWISE

UNIT 1
PART-A
1.What do you understand by multimedia?
 It is defines as multiple sources and forms of media likes, text, audio, animation, videos,
graphics and any other source of media. It is mainly used to deliver information, to a group
or platform.
 Multimedia includes design, web design, presentation, etc.
 Multimedia is used to create interactive experiences that engage and inform the audience.
It can be used for educational or training purposes, advertising, gaming, or any other
application where an interactive experience is desired.
2. Write the name of multimedia application?
Multimedia is widely used in applications like,
 Teleconferencing
• VoIP(Voice over IP)
• PC –to- PC.
• PC-to-Telephone.
 Audio, Video and Multimedia messages
• Voice mail.
• Multimedia mail.
 Image processing and image recognition.
3. What is virtual memory?
Virtual memory is defined as a memory management method where computers
use secondary memory to compensate for the scarcity of physical memory.
Virtual memory provides benefits in terms of costs, physical space, multitasking
capabilities, and data security.
4.What are the components of multimedia?
1.Facsimile
2.Text
3.Document images
4.Photographic Images
5.Geographical Information Systems
6.Voice Commands and Voice Synthesis
7.Audio Messages
8.Video Messages
9.Full motion stored and Live Video (FMV)
10. Holographic images
11. Fractals
5. List out the various hardware requirements for multimedia?
o Multimedia marketing council(MMC)
o Defines multimedia PC(MPC)
Two classes
1.Multimedia Playback
for viewing an exciting Multimedia Presentation
2.Multimedia production
design and developing multimedia Presentation

6. What are uses of multimedia in health care and entertainment?

 Entertainment
• Interactive Games.
• Animation.
medical imaging, such as MRI, CT scans, and ultrasounds, by producing high-resolution
visual data for accurate diagnoses
3D Reconstruction**: 3D modeling and visualization tools help doctors and surgeons
better understand and plan complex surgeries.
7. What is multimedia? Describe its uses in IT industry?
 Multimedia is used to create interactive experiences that engage and inform the
audience. It can be used for educational or training purposes, advertising,
gaming, or any other application where an interactive experience is desired.

 Print advertising
 Radio (audio) advertising
 Television (video) advertising
 Digital advertising
 Display Ads
 Video

8. What are advantages and disadvantages of multimedia?

Advantages of Multimedia

1. Improved Learning and Retention

2. Enhanced Communication

3. Increased Accessibility

4. Increased Interactivity

Disadvantages of Multimedia

1. Cost

2. Technical issues

3. Limited accessibility

4. Dependence on technology

9. Explain different types of multimedia devices and presentation devices?

Multimedia devices such as webcams, digital cameras, MIDI ports,
microphones, sound cards, and video capture cards are used by both home and
business-oriented PCs.
10. What is meant by multimedia authoring tools? Name any four?
Multimedia authoring is a process of assembling different types of media contents
like text, audio, image, animations and video as a single stream of information with
the help of various software tools available in the market. Multimedia authoring tools
give an integrated environment for joining together the different elements of a
multimedia production. It gives the framework for organizing and editing the
components of a multimedia project. It enables the developer to create interactive
presentation by combining text, audio, video, graphics and animation.
  Authorware Professional (Mac/Windows)
 Icon Author (Windows)
 Macromedia's Director
 Macromedia Flash

11. Explain applications of multimedia in education and training.

Multimedia is utilized in education to create popular reference books like
encyclopedias and guidebooks as well as computer-based training courses (often
referred to as CBTs). Text, pictures, music, and animation are all used in CBTs.

PART_B
1. Explain Distributed Multimedia System.
2. Explain Multimedia Metadata
3. Explain Multimedia Database
4. Explain Hyper Media, Hyper text, Object Linking, Object Embedded.
5. Explain Multimedia Learning.

UNIT 2

PART-A

1. What is the function of scratch disk

A scratch disk is a hard disk drive or SSD used for temporary storage while
Photoshop is running. Photoshop uses this space to store portions of your
documents and their history panel states that don’t fit in the memory or RAM of
your machine. By default, Photoshop uses the hard drive on which the operating
system is installed as the primary scratch disk.
2. What are the requirements of a multimedia system
The categories of software tools briefly examined here are:
1. Music Sequencing and Notation
Cakewalk, Cubase
2. Digital Audio
Sound Forge, Pro Tools, Cool Edit
3. Graphics and Image Editing
Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia
4. Video Editing
Adobe After Effects, Final Cut Pro
5. Animation
Java3D, DirectX, OpenGL
3. Write the types of compression
There are two methods of compression – lossy and lossless.
 Lossy reduces file size by permanently removing some of the original data.
 Lossless reduces file size by removing unnecessary metadata.

Lossy algorithms.
Lossy compression is typically used when a file can afford to lose some data,
and/or if storage space needs to be drastically ‘freed up’.

Here, an algorithm scans image files and reduces their size by discarding
information considered less important or undetectable to the human eye.

Using lossy methods therefore requires you to make a balanced judgement

between:
 storage/delivery requirements
 loading times (e.g. on the web)
 image quality

Lossless algorithms.
With lossless compression the file data is restored and rebuilt in its original form
after decompression, enabling the image to take up less space without any
discernible loss in picture quality.
No data is lost and as the process can be reversed, it’s also known as reversible
compression.

4. What is MP3
MP3, a data compression format for encoding digital audio, most commonly
music. MP3 files offered substantial fidelity to compact disc (CD) sources at
vastly reduced file sizes. Category: Science & Tech. In full: MPEG-1 Audio
Layer.

5. What is colour depth?

Color depth or bit depth, is a computer graphics term describing the number of
bits used to represent the color of a single pixel in a bitmapped image or video
frame buffer. This concept is also known as bits per pixel (bpp), particularly
when specified along with the number of bits used.

6. What is the full form of PDF.

Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format that has captured all
the elements of a printed document as an electronic image that users can view,
navigate, print or forward to someone else.
However, PDF files are more than images of documents. Files can
embed type fonts so that they're available at any viewing location.
 To view saved PDF files, users need either the full Acrobat program,
which is not free, or a less expensive program, such as Adobe Reader, which is
available for free from Adobe. PDF files can also be viewed in most
web browsers.

7. What is GIF?

The GIF file format was created in June 1987 by computer scientist Steve
Wilhite and his team at the US technology company CompuServe.
The GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is in normal use limited to an 8-bit
palette, or 256 colors (while 24-bit color depth is technically possible). GIF is
most suitable for storing graphics with few colors, such as simple diagrams,
shapes, logos, and cartoon style images, as it uses LZW ( Lempel–Ziv–
Welch )lossless compression( lossless data compression technique to reduce the
file size without degrading the visual quality), which is more effective when
large areas have a single color, and less effective for photographic
or dithered images.

8. Explain various methods of image compression.

Image compression is typically used alongside other methods for improving
web performance as well. For instance, a CDN caches content to deliver it more
quickly to end users. Load balancing helps prevent web servers from becoming
overloaded. The use of lazy loading can allow the most important content of a
webpage to load even faster. Overall, however, image compression is often one
of the quickest ways of fixing slow page performance.

9. Explain the JPEG compression standard?

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method;
JPEG-compressed images are usually stored in the JFIF (JPEG File Interchange
Format) or the Exif (Exchangeable image file format) file format. The
JPEG filename extension is JPG or JPEG. Nearly every digital camera can save
images in the JPEG format, which supports eight-bit grayscale images and 24-bit
color images (eight bits each for red, green, and blue). JPEG applies lossy
compression to images, which can result in a significant reduction of the file
size.

10. Explain compression and decompression in detail with example

Compression is the way of making files to take up less space. In multimedia
systems, in order to manage large multimedia data objects efficiently, these data
objects need to be compressed to reduce the file size for storage of these
objects.Compression tries to eliminate redundancies in the pattern of data.

Decompression procedure, the low resolution image is first decompressed

then it is upscaled to its original resolution using image upscaling method and
 then applying edge enhancement operation. The implemented approach of pixel
decimation outperforms JPEG in PSNR measure and achieves superior visual
quality.

11. What do you mean by video capturing?

Video capture is the process of converting an analog video signal—such as
that produced by a video camera, DVD player, or television tuner—to digital
video and sending it to local storage or to external circuitry. The resulting digital
data are referred to as a digital video stream, or more often, simply video stream.

12.Define .rtf Text Format.

RTF stands for rich text format which is commonly used in storing text and text
formatting information that can be applied in the creation or sharing of documents.
• Document exchange: RTF has become the standard for exchanging documents
between users who might be in a different word processing environment. This
ensures that the document maintains its formatting whatever software is used to
view it.
• Cross-platform compatibility: Windows, macOS, and Linux are able to open
RTF files offering a cross-platform means of document sharing.
• E-books and documentation: RTF is widely used as a standard format in e-
books and other documents where consistency in formulation is important.
• Data interchange: Besides, RTF is also applicable in transferring structured
information like shifting data from one program to another.

13.Compare Hypertext and Hyperlink.

Hypertext Hyperlink

In Hyperlinks the references are

Hypertext contains the Non-linear linking
used in the hypertext or with other
of the text with some other information.
hypermedia.

Hyperlink involves Text, media, audio, video,

Hypertext involves only text.
images, and graphics.

Hypertext directed information only Hyperlink directed link could contain some
generates the related information. unrelated information.

Hypertext contains Hyperlink. Hyperlink contains the comprised of the

 URLs.

Hypertext associate with the keywords. Hyperlink associate with the anchor tags.

14.Define text file formate.

File Formats store a large variety of raw information in a structured format so

that the data can be easily stored, processed, and harnessed. A file format is a standard
way of storing data on a computer file. There are multiple types of file formats present
which can be used to store and retrieve data efficiently.
Types of Text:
Unformatted Text , Formatted Text , Hyper Text
Unformatted text is any text that is not associated with any formatting information. It
is plain text, containing only printable characters, white space, and line breaks.
Formatted text
• Formatted text is any text that is not a plain text but has certain attributes to it.
• They can be color, size, font.
• It has a specialized and customized style.
• Also called as styled text or rich text.-styling information.EX-HTML

15.Define TIFF.
TIFF (Tag Image File Format) format is a flexible format usually using either
the TIFF or TIF filename extension. The tag structure was designed to be easily
extendible.TIFFs can be lossy or lossless, depending on the technique chosen for
storing the pixel data. Some digital cameras can save images in TIFF format, using
the LZW compression algorithm for lossless storage.
TIFF image format is not widely supported by web browsers.
A favorite among photographers, TIFFs are a handy way to store high-quality
images before editing if you want to avoid lossy file formats. TAldus Corporation
created the TIFF file in the mid-1980s for use in desktop publishing.

PART-B

1. Write the types of compression and What are the types of Audio and Video
file.
2. Explain various methods of image compression and brief about image file
format.
3. Explain the JPEG compression standard?
4. Explain Colour in image and video.
 5. Explain colour modes.

UNIT 3
PART – A
1. State the advantage and disadvantage of care-based authoring tools.

Advantages:

1.User-Friendly GUI

2.Built-in Templates for Responsive Design

3.Custom Responsive Templates

4.Flexible Responsive Design

5.Adaptive Responsive Design

Disadvantage:

1.Skill Requirements

2.Longer Learning Curve

2. State the advantage and disadvantage of card-based authoring tools.

Advantages:
• Easy to understand
• Easy to use
• Easy to link metaphor1=screen1=card1= page1
• It consumes very less time for developing an application.
Disadvantages:
• Few applications run only on one platform.
• Card and page tools are not powerful as unique stand alone.

3.What is real time simulation?

Real-time simulation refers to a computer model of a physical system that can
execute at the same rate as actual "wall clock" time. In other words, the computer
model runs at the same rate as the actual physical system. For example, if a tank takes
10 minutes to fill in the real world, it would take 10 minutes to fill in the simulation as
well.
 Real-time simulation occurs commonly in computer gaming, but also is
important in the industrial market for operator training and off-line controller tuning.
[1]
Computer languages like LabVIEW, VisSim and Simulink allow quick creation of
such real-time simulations and have connections to industrial displays
and programmable logic controllers via OLE for process control or digital and
analog I/O cards. Several real-time simulators are available on the market including
xPC Target and RT-LAB for mechatronic systems, Simulink for power electronic
simulation, and RTDS for power grid simulation.

4.State the limitation of simulation.

The most obvious limitation of the simulation is its restriction to two
dimensions. Surface diffusion on the screen thus only takes place along a line, and
atoms are rather more likely to meet each other than in three-dimensional reality.

5.State the disadvantage of virtual learning.

Virtual learning, also known as online learning or e-learning, refers to a form of
education that takes place predominantly or entirely in a virtual environment. This
means that learners and instructors interact remotely through the use of digital tools.
and platforms, rather than gathering in a physical classroom.

6.What is simulation?
A simulation is a model that mimics the operation of an existing or proposed
system, providing evidence for decision-making by being able to test different
scenarios or process changes. This can be coupled with virtual reality technologies
for a more immersive experience.

7.State the advantage and disadvantage of time-based tools.

Time based authoring tools allow the designer to arrange various elements and
events of the multimedia project along a well-defined time line. By time line, we
simply mean the passage of time. As the time advances from starting point of the
project, the events begin to occur, one after another.

8.What are authoring metaphors?

Scripting Language Metaphor. use a special language to enable interactivities
(button, mouse, etc), and to allow conditionals, jumps, loops, functions/macros.
 Slide Show Metaphor.
 Hierarchical Metaphor.
 Iconic/Flow-control Metaphor.
 Card/Scripting Metaphor.
 Cast/Score/Scripting Metaphor.

9.What are the types of Simulation.

 Data analytics professionals should know these four types of simulation models:
 Monte Carlo method.
 Agent-based modeling.
 Discrete event simulation.
 System dynamic modelling.

PART – B
1. Authoring metaphors, Tools Features and Types
2. Explain Editing Tools.
3. Discuss in detail about Virtual Learning
4. Explain Simulation.
5. Explain the forms of virtual Reality

UNIT 4
PART – A

1. What is animation?
Animation is a filmmaking technique by which still images are manipulated to
create moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by
hand on transparent celluloid sheets (cels) to be photographed and exhibited on
film.

2. What is stop motion animation?

Stop motion animation is an advanced flipbook-style form of animation. It
involves photographing and then physically manipulating objects within your
frame. As each frame is played in sequence, the technique creates the effect of an
object moving itself.

3. List the techniques used in animation.

 Digital 2D Animation
 Digital 3D Animation
 Puppetry Animation
 Clay Animation or Claymation
 Sand Animation

4. What is kinematics.
Kinematics is the study of the motion of mechanical points, bodies and systems
without consideration of their associated physical properties and the forces acting
on them. The study is often referred to as the geometry of motion, and it models
these motions mathematically using algebra.
 5. State the components of virtual system.
A virtual machine, commonly shortened to just VM, is no different than any
other physical computer like a laptop, smart phone, or server. It has a CPU,
memory, disks to store your files, and can connect to the internet if needed.

6. Define forward kinematics.

Forward kinematics refers to process of obtaining position and velocity of
end effector, given the known joint angles and angular velocities. For example, if
shoulder and elbow joint angles are given for arm in sagittal plane, the goal is to
find Cartesian coordinates of wrist/fist.

7. What is morphing?
Morphing is animation that changes one image slowly into another. It is often
used to change one face into another face. To seamlesly change from one image to
another, a series of points is identified in both the before and after objects. This is
so major parts will correspond - e.g., the eyes in a face.

8. Define puppet animation.

Puppet animation is a type of stop-motion animation involving puppet figures
that are animated frame-by-frame. Usually, the animators create a physical three-
dimensional scene, similar to a small theatre, where the action will take place.

9. What is motion graphics?

Motion graphics is animation, but with text as a major component. Essentially,
it's animated graphic design. Ever since motion graphics first entered the scene,
there's been a debate about the line between them and full animation.

10. State the advantage of advantages of skeletal animation.

Advantage
Skeletal animation has become an essential technique in computer animation
because it allows for efficient rendering and manipulation of both 2D and 3D
characters. Its ability to create lifelike movements in character animations has made
it a valuable tool for film, television, and video game industries.
Disadvantage
One of the main disadvantages of skeletal animation is that it can be less realistic
and expressive, especially for facial animation. By using bones, you can only control
the movement of the vertices by rotating or translating them, which can result in
unnatural or stiff deformations.
11. Differentiate between virtual reality and augmented reality.

The distinctions between VR and AR come down to the devices they require and the
experience itself:

 AR uses a real-world setting while VR is completely virtual

 AR users can control their presence in the real world; VR users are controlled
by the system
  VR requires a headset device, but AR can be accessed with a smartphone
 AR enhances both the virtual and real world while VR only enhances a
fictional reality
PART – B

1. What are the types of Animation

2. Brief the concept of Animation Techniques
3. Explain the virtual Reality
4. Discuss about Virtual Reality Devices
5. Brief Augmented reality

UNIT 5

PART – A

1. What is multimedia big data computing?

Multimedia big data brings tremen- dous opportunities for multimedia
applications and services—such as multimedia searches, recommendations,
advertisements, healthcare services, and smart cities. The need to compute such
massive datasets is transforming how we deal with multimedia computing.

2. Define Multimedia cloud computing.

In this new multimedia cloud computing paradigm, users can store and process
their multimedia data in the cloud in a distributed manner, eliminating the need for the
full installation of media application software on local computers or devices.

3. List various cloud service delivery models.

When looking for a cloud solution, the first step is understanding the
differences between the three common types of cloud delivery models, which are
commonly known by their acronyms: Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Infrastructure-as-
a-Service (IaaS) Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS).

4. What is Multimedia cloud Storage?

 Cloud storage is defined as a data deposit model in which digital information
such as documents, photos, videos and other forms of media are stored on virtual or
cloud servers hosted by third parties. It allows you to transfer data on an offsite
storage system and access them whenever needed.

5. What is Multimedia Streaming?

Streaming media is multimedia for playback using an offline or online media
player. Technically, the stream is delivered and consumed in a continuous manner by
a client, with little or no intermediate storage in network elements.
Streaming media is video or audio content sent in compressed form over the
internet and played immediately over a user's device, rather than being saved to the
device hard drive or solid-state drive.

6. What is Multimedia ontology?

Multimedia Ontology language (M-OWL) is an ontology representation
language that enables such perceptual modeling. It assumes a causal model of the
world, where observable media features are caused by underlying concepts.
In MOWL, it is possible to associate different types of media features in
different media format and at different levels of abstraction with the concepts in a
closed domain. The associations are probabilistic in nature to account for inherent
uncertainties in observation of media patterns. The spatial and temporal relations
between the media properties characterizing a concept (or, event) can also be
expressed using MOWL.

7. Define Buffer Management.

Storage and buffer management is the liaison to underlying system software
and manages retrieval and transmission of data to and from the user and the supported
storage mediums, including RAM and whatever non-volatile memory is supported by
the database.

8. What is Image Authentication in Multimedia?

 Image authentication is the process of verifying image origin, integrity and
authenticity. In many situations, image authentication should allow reasonable image
editing, which does not introduce any wrong information against the original one.

As a result, Image authentication framework detect originality effectively

against attackers and malicious penetrations and consequently it prevents destroying
or modification of information content that is carried by digital image.

9. Define Broadcast Schemes.

The Broadcast mode and the Multicast mode, which allow operators to directly
broadcast content to either all subscribers or only to a specific group of subscribers,
respectively. The Multicast mode generally requires a subscription. Therefore,
additional phases of subscription, joining and leaving are needed. On the contrary, in
the Broadcast mode, MBMS service is available for all users in the broadcast area. For
instance, the Multicast mode remains available only with the GPRS while the
Broadcast mode is for both EPS and GPRS. The Broadcast mode prevents benefiting
in a dynamic way from the p-t-m bearer services, thus the Multicast mode for EPS can
be expected in the forthcoming 3GPP releases.

10. Define Cloud Deployment Model.

A cloud deployment model defines the cloud services you are consuming and
the responsibility model for who manages them. It defines your cloud architecture,
scalability of your computing resources, what you can change, the services provided
to you, and how much of the build you own. Cloud deployment models also define
relationships between the cloud infrastructure and your users (what users are allowed
to change or implement.)

11. What are the various cloud deployment models?

Public cloud
Private Cloud
Community Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
12. List the cloud computing characteristics.
The National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) lists five essential
characteristics of cloud computing: on-demand self-service, broad network access,
resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.

13. State Surveillance Analytics.

Surveillance is the monitoring of behaviour, many activities, or information for

the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing or directing.[1][2] This can
include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment, such as closed-
circuit television (CCTV), or interception of electronically transmitted information
like Internet traffic. It can also include simple technical methods, such as human
intelligence gathering and postal interception.

Surveillance is used by citizens, for instance for protecting their

neighbourhoods. It is widely used by governments for intelligence gathering, including
espionage, prevention of crime, the protection of a process, person, group or object, or
the investigation of crime. It is also used by criminal organizations to plan and commit
crimes, and by businesses to gather intelligence on criminals, their competitors,
suppliers or customers. Religious organizations charged with
detecting heresy and heterodoxy may also carry out surveillance. Auditors carry out a
form of surveillance.

PART – B

1. Explain Multimedia cloud computing

2. Explain media on demand
3. Differentiate Social Networks/Online Social Networking.
4. Explain Multimedia Schemes.
5. Explain Multimedia Streaming.