I. Grammar 3.

6: Sentence Patterns (Continued)

SENTENCE PATTERNS (CONTINUED)

In Lesson Nineteen, you learned the basic word order used in affirmative and
negative statements. In this lesson, you will learn the word order in questions,
requests, and commands. But first, let us look at some new words.

WORDS TO REMEMBER

1. "alarmed" (adjective) ---- Frightened; aware of danger.

Example: "When the people heard that they had killed the King, they were alarmed
and felt very, very sorry."
2. "cheat" (verb) ---- To trick someone or to deal dishonestly for one's own gain.
Example: "We must say 'No!' to sexual sins, worshiping idols, saying bad things to
other people, cheating, lying, making trouble, getting drunk, and things like this."
3. "drunk" (adjective) ---- Overcome by alcoholic drink to the point of losing control of
one's mind and body.
Example: "The people thought that the apostles were drunk from too much wine."
4. "faithfulness" (noun) ---- Loyalty; truthfulness; being true to duty and responsibility;
keeping faith.
Example: "The Holy Spirit gives us love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness,
faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control."
5. "insult" (verb) ---- To speak to someone with great disrespect; to treat with contempt;
to say bad and degrading things to another person.
Example: "The people laughed at Jesus, insulted him, and killed him on a cross."
6. "Lord" (proper noun) ---- A person with power and authority; ruler.
Example: "God has made Jesus to be Lord and Christ."
7. "moral" (adjective) ---- Capable of making a decision between right and wrong.
Example: "The Holy Spirit lives in our bodies and gives us moral power."
8. "Pentecost" (proper noun) ---- A Jewish festival that came fifty days after the
Passover festival.
Example: "The apostles were all together in one place when the day of Pentecost
came."
9. "reject" (verb) ---- To refuse to accept; to discard or throw away as worthless.
Example: "The people rejected the One whom God had sent to save them."
10. "respect" (noun) ---- Feeling of reverence, admiration mixed with fear.
Example: "The apostles were doing many powerful and amazing things, and everyone
felt great respect for God."
11. "purpose" (noun) ---- Intention, aim, goal.
Example: "The believers all had the same purpose. They were joined in their hearts,
and they had the same spirit."
12. "throne" (noun) ---- The fancy chair on which a king or queen sits on special
occasions.
Example: "This was the day when Jesus sat down on his throne next to God to rule
over his kingdom."
13. "warn" (verb) ---- To tell someone of a danger.
Example: "Peter warned the people with many words."

AFFIRMATIVE QUESTIONS

An affirmative question is a question that can be affirmed or denied with a simple

"yes" or "no." An affirmative statement can be changed into a question in three
ways:

(1) A sentence containing the present or past tense form of the verb "be" ("am," "is,"
"are," "was," "were"), can be changed into a question by placing the linking verb
before the subject. The basic word order is:
VERB + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT.

VERB SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT

Statement: Jesus is the Son of God.

Question: Is Jesus the Son of God?

Statement: You are the king of the Jews.

Question: Are you the king of the Jews?

(2) A sentence containing the present or past tense form of a verb other than "be" is
changed into a question as follows: the verb is changed to its base form, and "do,"
"does," or "did" is placed before the subject. The word order of this type of question
is
DO/DOES/DID + SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT (if any).

DO/DOES/DID SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

Statement: Judas betrayed Jesus.

Question: Did Judas betray Jesus?

Statement: God loves you.

Question: Does God love you?

 DO/DOES/DID SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

(3) A sentence that contains a verb phrase (helping verb + main verb), is changed
into a question by placing the helping verb before the subject. The word order of this
kind of question is
HELPING VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT or OBJECT.

HELPING SUBJEC HELPING MAIN COMPLEMENT OR

VERB T VERB VERB OBJECT

Stateme
Jesus will come again.
nt:

Questio
Will Jesus come again?
n:

Stateme
Jesus will judge the world.
nt:

Questio
Will Jesus judge the world?
n:

ANSWERS TO AFFIRMATIVE QUESTIONS

In conversational English, an affirmative question is usually answered with a short

response.

(1) Some questions may be answered by saying "yes" or "no."

Example:
"Do you have a pen?" Answer: "Yes."

If the question is like an invitation, a polite expression is usually added to the

answer.
Example: "Do you want a drink of water?"
Answers: "Yes, thank you." "Yes, please." "No, thank you."

(2) When a question contains the verb "be" or one of its forms, we usually include a
form of "be" in the answer.
Example: "Are you one of his followers?"
Answers: "Yes, I am." "No, I'm not." For emphasis, the answer might be, "No! I am
not."

(3) When a question contains a helping verb other than "be," we usually include that
helping verb in the answer.
Example: "Will you go with me?"
Answers: "Yes, I will." "No, I won't." For emphasis, the answer might be, "No! I will
not."

NEGATIVE QUESTIONS

An affirmative question is changed into a negative question by adding the word "not"
after the subject. If the word "not" is contracted with a linking or helping verb,
however, the contraction comes before the subject.

VERB SUBJECT NOT COMPLEMENT OR OBJECT

Aff. Question: Are you the Christ?

Neg. Question: Are you not the Christ?

Neg. Question: Aren't you the Christ?

Negative questions are used to express two different types of meaning:

(1) They can express emotion and disappointment.
------ Example: "Couldn't you stay awake with me for one hour?"
(2) They can also call for agreement.
----- Example: "Aren't you the Christ?" The expected answer is, "Yes, I am."

QUESTIONS INTRODUCED BY INTERROGATIVES

(1) When "what," "which," "who," or "whose" is used as the subject of a sentence, or
the modifier of the subject, the word order is like that of an affirmative statement.

SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT OR OBJECT

Who told you?

Whose dog is that?

SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT OR OBJECT

(2) When "what," "which," "whom," or "whose" is used as the object of a verb or
preposition, or the modifier of the object, the word order is as follows:

OBJECT HELPING VERB SUBJECT MAIN VERB

What shall we do?

Which will it be?

Who did Jesus die for? (conversational)

For whom did Jesus die? (formal)

(3) When the question words "how," "when," "where," and "why" are used with the
verb "be," the subject follows the verb.

QUESTION WORD VERB SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

Why are you troubled?

How is this possible?

What is truth?

(4) When the question words "how," "when," "where," and "why" are used with verbs
other than "be," the word order is: QUESTION WORD + HELPING VERB + SUBJECT +
VERB + COMPLEMENT (if there is one).
QUESTION WORD VERB SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT

Why did you come out here?

What do you think?

When will this happen?

RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS INTRODUCED BY INTERROGATIVES

Questions introduced by "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how," are
usually answered with short responses.

QUESTION SHORT RESPONSES

Who was on the phone? Ginny. (or) It was Ginny.

What's she doing? Typing letters. (or) She's typing letters.

Where is she? At the office. (or) She's at the office.

SHORT QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW STATEMENTS

In conversational English or in informal writing, short questions are sometimes

attached to statements. These questions are formed in three ways:
(1) An affirmative statement containing a present or past tense form of "be" is
followed by a short negative question. A negative statement is followed by an
affirmative question.

AFF. STATEMENT + NEG. QUESTION NEG. STATEMENT + AFF. QUESTION

Jesus is dead, isn't he? (Yes.) Jesus isn't dead, is he? (No.)

Judas is dead, isn't he? (Yes.) Judas isn't alive, is he? (No.)
(2) An affirmative statement containing a verb other than "be" is followed by a short
negative question beginning with "do," "does," or "did." A negative statement, on the
other hand, is followed by an affirmative question beginning with "do," "does," or
"did."

AFF.STATEMENT+NEG.QUESTION NEG.STATEMENT+AFF.QUESTION

They killed him, didn't they? (Yes.) They didn't kill him, did they? (No.)

Peter denied him, didn't he? (Yes.) John didn't deny him, did he? (No.)

(3) An affirmative statement containing a verb phrase is followed by a short negative

question in the following word order:
STATEMENT + HELPING VERB + NOT (contracted) + SUBJECT.
Or, if the statement is negative, the question is affirmative.

AFF. STATEMENT+NEG. QUESTION NEG. STATEMENT+AFF.QUESTION

You will see him, won't you? (Yes, I will.) You won't see him, will you? (No, I won't.)

He is coming back, isn't he? (Yes, he is.) He isn't coming back, is he? (No, he isn't.)

A person who makes a statement + a short question, usually expects the listener to
agree.
Question: "We need rain, don't we?" Expected answer: "Yes, we do."
Question: "I'm tired of rain, aren't you?" Expected answer: "Yes, I am."

REQUESTS AND COMMANDS

In requests and commands, the subject "you" is usually not stated. It is understood.
Example: "Look!" The real meaning is, "You look."
In some cases, a request or command requires no verbal response. When a friend
points to something and says, "Look," you don't need to say anything. You just look.
On the day of Pentecost, Peter stood up and said, "Listen to these words." In
response, the people listened. Finally, Peter said to them, "Change your hearts and
lives and be baptized, each one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ." In response to
these commands, 3,000 people changed their hearts and lives and were baptized.
In most cases, however, a request or command calls for some kind of verbal
response. See the following chart for examples:
REQUEST OR COMMAND RESPONSE

Come in. Thank you.

Let's go home. Okay. I'm ready.

Don't forget to call me. I won't.

Would you mind closing the door? Not at all.

Be quiet, please. Oh, I'm sorry.

YOUR ASSIGNMENT

Now, answer the questions in the test on this lesson. Then, read Reading
Assignment 20, and answer the questions in it's test. After you have entered your
answers, your teacher will check them before giving you Lessons 21.
I. Grammar 3.6: Sentence Patterns (Continued)
Hide Lesson

1. The word that means "to treat with great disrespect"

is . . . .

reject

moral

insult

purpose

faithfulness

2. The word that means "truthfulness, loyalty" is . . . .

insult

faithfulness

reject

moral

purpose

3. The word that means "to refuse to accept" is . . . .

reject

insult
 purpose

moral

faithfulness

4. The word that means "intention, aim, goal" is . . . .

faithfulness

moral

purpose

insult

reject

5. The word that means "ability to know and to do right"

is . . . .

reject

faithfulness

purpose

moral

insult

6. Which choice correctly changes the following

statement into a question? "This was God's plan."

Is this God's plan?

Was this God's plan?

7. Which choice correctly changes the following
statement into a question? "God raised Jesus from
death."

Did God raise Jesus from death?

Does God raise Jesus from death?

Could God raise Jesus from death?

A sentence containing the present or past tense form of a verb other than "be" is
changed into a question as follows: the verb is changed to its base form, and "do,"
"does," or "did" is placed before the subject. The word order of this type of question
is DO/DOES/DID + SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT (if any).

8. Which choice correctly changes the following

statement into a question? "Death could not hold
Jesus."

Could death not hold Jesus?

Can death not hold Jesus?

Could death hold Jesus?

(3) A sentence that contains a verb phrase (helping verb + main verb), is changed
into a question by placing the helping verb before the subject. The word order of this
kind of question is HELPING VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT or
OBJECT.

9. Which choice changes the following statement into a

question? "Jesus was lifted up to heaven."

Was Jesus lifted up to heaven?

Were Jesus lifted up to heaven?

10. Which choice correctly changes the following
statement into a question? "Jesus is at God's right
side."

Was Jesus at God's right side?

Is Jesus at God's right side?

11. Which choice correctly changes the following

statement into a question? "Jesus is ruling over his
kingdom."

Is Jesus ruling over his kingdom?

Was Jesus ruling over his kingdom?

12. Which sentence correctly changes the following

statement into a question? "About 3,000 people were
baptized."

Were about 3,000 people baptized?

Weren't about 3,000 people baptized?

13. Which choice correctly changes the following

statement into a question? "God blessed the believers."

Did God bless the believers?

Does God bless the believers?

14. Which choice correctly changes the following

statement into a question? "Anyone can be forgiven."

Can anyone be forgiven?

Could anyone be forgiven?

A sentence that contains a verb phrase (helping verb + main verb), is changed into a
question by placing the helping verb before the subject. The word order of this kind
of question is HELPING VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT or OBJECT.

15. Which choice correctly changes the following

statement into a question? "God can forgive you and
me."

Could God forgive you and me?

Can God forgive you and me?

Can't God forgive you and me?

A sentence that contains a verb phrase (helping verb + main verb), is changed into a
question by placing the helping verb before the subject. The word order of this kind
of question is HELPING VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT or OBJECT.

16. Choose the expected answer. "Jesus' followers

couldn't stay awake, could they?"

Yes

No

1) Some questions may be answered by saying "yes" or "no." Example: "Do you have
a pen?" Answer: "Yes." If the question is like an invitation, a polite expression is
usually added to the answer. Example: "Do you want a drink of water?" Answers:
"Yes, thank you." "Yes, please." "No, thank you."

17. Choose the expected answer. "Wasn't Jesus the true

King?"

Yes

No

18. Choose the expected answer. "Peter unlocked the

door to God's kingdom, didn't he?"
 No

Yes

19. Choose the expected answer. "God didn't let Jesus'

body rot in the grave, did he?"

No

Yes

20. Choose the expected answer. "Jesus is alive, isn't

he?"

No

Yes

21. Choose the proper response to this question. "Did

Jesus die for you?"

No I haven't.

Yes, he will.

I should change my life and be baptized.

Yes he did.

Yes I am.

22. Choose the proper response to this question. "Will

Jesus come again?"

Yes, I am.

Yes, he will.
 I should change my life and be baptized.

No, I haven't.

Yes, he did.

23. Choose the proper response for this question. "Have

you lived without sin?"

Yes, I am.

Yes, he will.

No, I haven't.

Yes, he did.

I should change my life and be baptized.

24. Choose the proper response for this question. "What

should you do?"

Yes, I am.

I should change my life and be baptized.

Yes, he will.

Yes, he did.

No, I haven't.

25. Choose the proper response for this question. "Are

you ready to obey God?"

Yes, I am.

Yes, he will.
I should change my life and be baptized.

Yes, he did.

No, I haven't.