ksIamdok yelshd jl%h yd tys Ndú;h

hï fok ,o wjia:djl§ wd¾Ól moaO;shla i;== ish¨ iïm;a Wmßu M,odhS;djfhka

mj;sk ;dlaIKh hgf;a Ndú;d fldg ljr NdKav ksmojkjdo" ljr NdKav ksIamdokh
fkdlrkjdo hk wd¾Ólh yuqfõ we;s f;aÍï j, m%;súmdl ú.%y lsÍug wd¾Ól úoHd{hka
úiska f.dvkxjd we;s ir, wdo¾Yh ksIamdok yelshd wdo¾Yhhs' fuh j.=jla ijrEmfhka
fyda m%ia;drhla weiqßka bÈßm;a l< yel'

wd¾Ólhl ysÕ iïm;a wiSñ; jqjukd imqrd .ekSu Wfoid fhdod .kq ,nk
wdldrh ms<sn|j wOHhkh lsÍu flfrys wd¾Ól úoHdj úIh fhduq ù we;'iïm;a j,ska
Wmßu m%fhdack ,nd .ekSug kï iudch úiska ;uka i;= iïm;a"

01.mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh (Full employment)

02.mQ¾K ksIamdokh (Full production)

idCId;a lr .; yels wdldrhg Ndú;d l< hq;= fõ'

01
 ksIamdok yelshd wdo¾Yh f.dvkexùfï§
fhdod .kq ,nk Wml,amk
i,ld n,k ld,mßÉfþoh ;=< wd¾Òlh i;= iïm;a iïNdrh ia:djrj mj;S'

mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh iy ksIamdok ld¾HCIu;dj idCId;a jk f,i ish¨u

iïm;a Ndú; flf¾'
wod, ld,mßÉfþoh ;=< ;dCIKh fkdfjkiaj mj;S'

wd¾Ólh i;= iSñ; iïm;a NdKav folla muKla ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd
Wmfhdackh flf¾'

wd¾Ólfha iïm;a ld¾HCIu j Wmfhdackh fõ o hkak ;yjqre lr .ekSu ioyd

fldkafoais folla bIAg úh hq;=h'tkï" tkï"

1.ksIamdok ld¾HCIu;dj
2.iïm;a fnod fjka lsßfï ld¾HCIu;djhhs

ksIamdok ld¾HCIu;dj hkqfjka woyia lrkqfha wju ksIamdok msßjehla hgf;a

wod< NdKav yd fiajd ixfhdackh ksIamdokh lsÍu h' tkï fok ,o fhojqï m%udKhlska
Wmßu ksuehqï m%udKhla ,nd .ekSu fyda fok ,o ksuehqula wju fhojqï m%udKhlska
ksmoùu fyda fuhska woyia flf¾'

ksIamdok ld¾HIu;dj ioyd wjYH;d folla imqrd,sh hq;= fõ' tkï"

- mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh (Full employement)

- mQ¾K ksIamdokh (Full production)

iïm;a fnod fjkalsßfï ld¾HCIu;dj hkq iudchg jvd wjYH flfrk NdKav
iy fiajd ksIamdokh lsßug iudch i;= iSud iys; iïm;a Ndú;d lsÍu h'

fuu wjYh;dj imqrd .ekSu ioyd iEu NdKavhl u wdka;sl msßjeh tys
wdka;sl m%;s,dNhg iudk úh hq;= h' tkï" ΜC = MB jYfhks'

fuu ksIamdok ld¾HCIu;dj iïm;a fnod fjka lsÍfï ld¾HCIu;dj my;

ioyka m%ia;dr u.ska wjfndaO lr.; yels fõ'

02
 wd¾Ól ld¾HCIu;djh

ksIamdok ld¾hlaI;dj iïm;a fnod fjka lsÍfï ld¾hlaIu;dj

03
 f;aÍu yd wdjiaÓl msßjeh
ksIamdok yelshd udhsula u.ska lsishï ksIaÑ; wjia:djl§ mj;akd iSñ; iïm;a
Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka ksmoúh yels úl,am NdKav ixfhda.hka ksrEmkh flf¾'mj;akd
iïm;a iïNdrh iSñ; neúka úl,am ixfhda. w;ßka tla úl,am ixfhda.hla muKla
f;dard .ekSug isÿjkq we;' fuf,i úl,am w;ßka f;dard .ekSula isÿlrk úg wjYHfhkau
lemlsÍula lsÍug isÿ fõ' tkï wdjiaÓl msßjehla ±ßh hq;= njhs' wdjiaÓl msßjeh
hkq f;dard .;a úl,amh fjkqfjka lem lrk fyd|u úl,am wjia:dfõ jákdluhs'
ksIamdok yelshd jl%h u; by<g fyda my<g .uka lsÍfï§ fyj;a ,CIh w;r f;aÍï
lrk úg wjYHfhkau wod< f;aÍu wdY%s; wdjiaÓl msßjehlg uqyqK §ug isÿ fõ'

ia:djr wdjiaÓl msßjeh

jefvk wdjiaÓl msßjeh
ySkjk wdjiaÓl msßjeh

f,i ;;ajhka ;=kla hgf;a ú.%y l< yel'

ia:djr wdjiaÓl msßjeh hgf;a ksIamdok yelshd udhsu

iudcfha ish¨u iïm;a mQ¾K f,i yd ld¾hCIuj Wmfhdackh lr ;sìh§ tla

NdKavhl ksIamdokh l%ufhka jeälrk úg tys wdka;sl wdjiaÓl msßjeh fkdfjkiaj
mj;S kï th ia:djr wdjiaÓl msßjehla f,i ie<fla'

04
 iy,a frÈ frÈ 1l wd'ms iy,a 1l wd'ms

100 0 - 0'5
80 10 2 0'5
60 20 2 0'5
40 30 2 0'5
20 40 2 0'5
0 50 2 0'5

j.=fõ olajk ,o ksIamdok ixfhdackhka my; rEm igyk ;=<ska ksrEmKh l<
yel' ia:djr wdjiaÓl msßjeh ;;a;ajh iqúfYaISh ;;a;ajhls' tjeks ;;a;ajhla ±lsh
yels jkafka ksIamdok idOl j, iucd;Sh Ndjhla olakg ,efíkï muKs'

iy,a 1l wdjiaÓl msßjeh = lem lrk ,o fros tall m%udKh

ksmo jk ,o iy,a tall m%udKh

05
 jefvk wdjiaÓl msßjeh hgf;a ksIamdok yelshd udhsu
iudcfha ish¨u iïm;a mQ¾K f,i iy ld¾hCIuj Wmfhdackh lr ;sìh§ tla
NdKavhl ksIamdokh l%ufhka jeälrk úg tys wdka;sl wdjiaÓl msßjeh jeäfõ kï
th jefvk wdjiaÓl msßjeh ;;a;ajhla f,i ie,fla'

iy,a frÈ frÈ 1l wd'ms iy,a 1l wd'ms

150 0 - 1
140 10 1 0'5
120 20 2 0'33
90 30 3 0'25
50 40 4 0'2
0 50 5 -

ksIamdok yelshd jl%fha nEjqu ;=<ska ksrEmKh jkafka ksIamdokfha wdjiaÓl

msßjehhs'ksIamdok yelshd udhsu u; by< isg my<g .uka lÍfï§ jl%fha nEjqu l%ufhka
by< k.S' tkï wdjiaÓl msßjeh by< k.sk njhs' tu ksid jl%h uQ,hg wj;, yevhla
.kS'

06
 jeäjk wdjiaÓl msßjeh ;;a;ajh jvd ;d;aúl Wml,amkhla nj ie,lsh hq;=h'
fuh jeäjk wdjiaÓl msßjeh kS;sh f,i y÷kajkq ,nhs' ksIamdok idOl j, mj;akd
iqúfYaIShNdjh ksid jeäjk wdjiaÓl msßjeh ;;a;ajh ìys fõ'

• ;dlaIKfha fjkialï
• M,odhS;djfha fjkialï
• jeäjk wdka;sl wdjiaÓl msßjeh

fuu ;;ajhg fya;= fõ'

wd¾Ólhl ksIamdok yelshdj r|d mj;skafka wd¾Ólh i;= iïm;a iïNdrh u;hs
wd¾Ólhl iïm;a iïNdrh lreKqfolla u; ;SrKh fõ'tkï

1.wd¾Ólh i;= idOl fiajd m%udKh

2.tu iïm;a j, M,odhS;djh

iïm;a iïNdrh

idOl fiajd m%udKh

id M,odhS;djh

N+ñh ;dlaIKh

udkj m%d.aOkhd
Y%uh

l<uKdlrKh
m%d.aOkh
Y%u úNckh yd
úfYaISlrKh
jHjidhl;ajh
iudc m%d.aOkh

wdl,am yd m%;sudkh

há;, myiqlï

07
 ;dlaIKsl oeKqu

NdKav yd fiajd ioyd fhda.H jvd;a ld¾hlaIu l%u Ys,am ms<sno

±kqu ;dlaIKhhs' ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj iñm;a j, M,odhS;dj by< kxjk jeo.;a
idOlhls'

udkj m%d.aOkh

udkj m%d.aOkh hkq jeä ÈhqKq l, Y%uhhs. Y%ñlhd i;= oeKqu mqyqKqj wdl,am iy
jD;a;Sh ksmqK;d ;=,ska udkj m%d.aOkh ìys fõ. ÈhqKq udkj iïm;la isàu wd¾Ól
ÈhqKqfõ § b;d jeo.;a idOlhls'

Y%u úNckh

úNckh hkq ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha tla tla wÈhr w;r jvd;a M,odhS f,i Y%uh
fnod fjka lsÍuhs' ta ioyd úfYaISlrKh b;d jeo.;a fõ' Y%ñlfhl= ;ukag jvd;a
fydÈka jeä u M,odfjka l< yels ld¾hh fldgi f;dard .ekSu úfYaISlrKhhs'

fN!;sl m%d.aOkh yd udkj m%d.aOkh w;r fjki

v m%d.aOkh hkq ksIamdokh lrk ,o ksIamdok idOlhka fõ'l¾udka; Yd,d" hka;% iQ;%"
fuj,ï" WmlrK" wuqøjH f;d. hkd§ uq¾; j;alï m%d.aOkhg we;=,;a flf¾'

v udkj m%d.aOkh hkqfjka woyia flfrkafka" lsishï mqoa.,fhl= úiska wOHdmkh"

mqqyqKqj yd w;a±lsï u.ska w;alr .kq ,enq ksmqK;d" ±kqu" iudðh yd fm!reI;aj
.=Kdx. iïNdrhhs'
v udkj m%d.aOkh" fN!;sl m%d.aOkh fuka iam¾Y l< yels j;alula fkdfõ'

v Y%uh yd m%d.aOkh hk foflys u we;eï .=Kdx. udkj m%d.aOkh ;=< ñY% ù we;'

v udkj m%d.aOh iðù jk w;r" fN!;sl m%d.aOkh wðù fõ'

v fjk;a j;alïj, lrkq ,nk wdfhdack fuka fkdj" udkj m%d.aOkh ;=< lrkq ,nk
wdfhdackh wod< mqoa.,hdg muKla iqúfYAIs;j mj;s'

08
 úfYAI m%d.=KHh yd Y%ñl úNckh iuÕ fj<|du o tlsfklg ne§ mj;S' lsishï
tla idOlhla fyda fiajdjla fyda muKla ksIAmdokfhys fhÈ isák mqoa.,fhl=g" ;ukag
wjYH lrk wjfYaI NdKav ,nd .ekSu ioyd ;u ksIamdokfhka jeä fldgila fj<odï
lr.; hq;= h'

w;S;fha § fuu fj<ou isÿjqfha NdKavhg NdKavhla f,i iDcq yqjudre l%uhlg h'
tfy;a th ÿIalr yd úhoï wêl l%uhla jq w;r" jqjukdj ms<sno oaùl iïmd;hla we;s
lr .eksfï .eg¨j ksid úfYaI m%d.=KHhg we;s bvlv o fnfyúka iSud úh' NdKav
yqjudre l%uh hgf;a mek keÕ=Kq ÿIalr;d bj;a lr .ekSu ioyd uqof,a Ndúh bjy,a
úh'

NdKav yd fiajd uqo,a NdKav yd fiajd

ksoiqkla f,i ù f.dú;eka lrk f.dúfhl=g frÈ wjYH jqfha kï" ±ka Tyq ù
ksIamdokfha w;sßla;fhka fldgila yqjudre fldg" tu uqo,a fhdod fros yd fjk;a NdKav
myiqfjka ñ, § .kS'

NdKAv yqjudre l%ufha mej;s ÿIalr;d bj;a lsrsu u.ska uqo,a" fj<odu yd
úfYaI m%d.=KHh mq¿,a ùug úYd, bvla i,id oS we;'

uqo,a wd¾Ól l%uhl" mqoa.,fhda ;ukag jvd;a ksmqK;djh yd yelshdj we;s wx.
úfYaI m%d.=KHh ioyd f;dard .ks;s' tu.ska ;ukaf.a wjYH;djg jvd jeä w;sßla;

ksIamdokhla fj<ofmd< ioyd ìyslr;s' Tjqyq fuu fj<ofmd< w;sßla;h" uqo,a

j,g fmr<d f.k ;ukag wjYH fiiq NdKAv ñ, oS .ks;s'Y%u úNckh jeks ixls¾K
l%shdj,shla id¾:l jkafka" úYd, fj<ofmd<la mj;sk úg§h' uqo,a Ndú;h ksid yqjudrej
ld¾HCIu ùu fya;=fldg"úYd, fj<ofmd<a ta ioyd újD; lr .eksug yelshdj ,efí'

09
 j;auka f;dard.ekSu yd wkd.; mrsfNdackh

lsishï wd¾Ólhla úiska j¾;udk m%d.aOk iïmdokh fjkqfjka lem lrkq ,nk
j¾;udk mßfNdack m%udKh u; tu wd¾Ólfha wkd.; jDoaê iS>%;djh ;SrKh fõ'

j¾;udkfha § wd¾Ólfha iïm;a idfmalaIj jeä m%udKhla m%d.aOk NdKav

ksIamdokh ioyd Wmfhdackh flf¾ kï wd¾Ólfha ksIamdok Odß;dj m%idrKh fõ'
tysoS wkd.; úNj ksuejqu úYd, jYfhka j¾Okh ùula fmkakqï lrkq we;' tu
rfgys wkd.; ksIamdok yelshd udhsï jl% j¾;udk ksIamdok yelshd jl%hg jvd
úYd, jYfhka ol=Kg ú;eka jkq we;'

wfkla w;g lsishï wd¾Ólhla j¾;udkfha§ m%d.aOk iïmdokh ioyd jeä

jYfhka iïm;a Wmfhdackh fkdfldg j¾;udk mßfNdackh ioyd iïm;a úYd,
jYfhka fhdojkq ,enqjfyd;a tu wd¾Ólfha wkd.; ksIamdok yelshd fõ' j¾Okh
b;d iSud iys; jkq we;' wkd.; ksIamdok yelshd jl%h b;d uo jYfhka ol=Kg
ú;eka fõ' fuu ;;ajh ksIamdok yelshd jl% wdo¾Yfhka fmkakqï l< yel'

10