BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Pilani

Pilani Campus
AUGS/ AGSR Division

FIRST SEMESTER 2023-24

COURSE HANDOUT
Date: 11.08.2023

In addition to part I (General Handout for all courses appended to the Time table) this portion gives further
specific details regarding the course.
Course No : EEE/INSTR/ECE F212
Course Title : ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
Instructor-in-Charge : Praveen Kumar A.V.
Instructor(s) : Ashish Patel, Rahul Singhal, Pankaj Arora, Rahul Runthala, and Sharda
Tripathi

1. Course Description (Bulletin)

Review of mathematics - scalar and vector fields, calculus of scalar and vector fields in Cartesian and
curvilinear coordinates, Dirac delta function; Electrostatics - electric field, divergence & curl of electric field,
electric potential, work and energy in electrostatics, conductors, electric dipole; Electrostatics in Matter -
polarization and field of a polarized object, electric displacement, linear dielectrics; electrostatic problems,
Magnetostatics - Lorentz force law, Biot-Savart law, divergence & curl of magnetic field, magnetic vector
potential, magnetic dipole; Magnetostatics in matter - magnetization and field of a magnetized object, the H-
field, linear & non-linear magnetic media; Inductance; Electrodynamics - electromotive force, electromagnetic
induction, Maxwell's equations in free space, plane wave solutions of Maxwell’s equations in free space,
Poynting theorem, Wave incidence, Flow of electromagnetic power, Unguided and guided fields, Reflection
and transmission, Transmission lines, Impedance matching, Smith chart, Antenna fundamentals

2. Scope, Objectives and Learning outcomes of the course

Electromagnetic (EM) field theory is the course that deals with the principles of electromagnetism, which
means the effects of electricity and magnetism in individual and combined forms. The course is essential for
the understanding of many pertinent phenomena in Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering,
which rely on the manipulation of electric charges – the fundamental source of fields. The introduction of
advanced computer simulation tools in the field of EM theory has led to a paradigm shift in the teaching of
engineering electromagnetics. This course also serves as a foundation course for advanced courses such as –
ECE F314 Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Engineering, EEE F433 Electromagnetic Field and Waves,
EEE F436 Electromagnetic Compatibility, EEE G581 RF and Microwave engineering and EEE F474 Antenna
Theory and Design.

In the present course, students will be illuminated with the EM fields in a gradual fashion. As the students are
well-versed in the first year’s circuit theory, it would be ideal to start with a more accurate form of circuit
theory, the transmission line theory. Transmission line theory sets the foundation for many modern day high
frequency designs such as high-speed digital circuits, fiber optic links, mobile communication etc. Students
will experience for the first time the concept of waves of voltage and current that exist in high frequency AC
circuits. Next, EM field theory will be introduced as the generalized approach for solving problems that are
beyond the scope of transmission line theory. Essential mathematical tools will be reviewed. Next,
fundamental laws of electromagnetics leading to the formulation of well-known Maxwell’s equations, will be

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 BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Pilani
Pilani Campus
AUGS/ AGSR Division

expensively covered. The generation and propagation of EM waves that enable wireless communication will
be discussed as the last (but not least) part. Students will also be exposed to hands-on simulations of
transmission line problems using LTspice simulator from Analog Devices (free download at
https://www.analog.com/en/design-center/design-tools-and-calculators/ltspice-simulator.html).

After completing the course, students will be able to,

1. Analyze high-frequency circuits using transmission line theory

2. Impedance match a given load to a given transmission line
3. Explain the RF power flow in transmission lines and cables
4. Use the Del () operator and its variants to characterize fields
5. Understand the basic laws governing static and dynamic fields
6. Express Maxwell's equations in differential, integral and phasor forms
7. Differentiate among various electromagnetic media/materials
8. Understand EM boundary conditions for conductors and dielectrics
9. Model and analyze EM wave’s incidence, reflection and transmission at media interfaces

3. Text Book

T1. David K. Cheng, “Field and Wave Electromagnetics”, 2nd Ed. Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2009.

Reference Books

R1. William H. Hayt, “Engineering Electromagnetics”, 8th Ed., McGraw Hill Education, New Delhi, 2014
R2. Matthew N. O. Sadiku, “Principles of Electromagnetics” 4th Ed. Oxford University Press, New Delhi,
2013

4. Lecture Plan

Approx. Lecture
Main Topic Main Contents Reference
Number
Introduction to the course and
Course handout its components, Applications Lecture notes
1
discussion and scope.

AC circuit analysis,
Introduction to Drawback, Electrical length,
Lecture notes, T1, R1
2-4 transmission line Lumped versus distributed
theory element models

Transmission line equations

and solution, Txn line
parameters, Low loss and T1-Ch.9 (9.3, 9.3.1, 9.4,
Waves on distortionless lines, 9.4.1, 9.4.2, 9.4.3)
5-10 transmission
Terminated transmission
lines R1 - Ch.11 (11.1-11.12)
lines, Impedance, Reflection,
Power flow, Transmission
line as circuit elements,
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 BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Pilani
Pilani Campus
AUGS/ AGSR Division

Drawback of transmission
line theory

Coordinate systems and

transformations, Vector
calculus, Gradient,
Mathematical Divergence, Curl and
11-16 foundation for Laplacian operations, Line, T1-Ch.2
EM field theory Surface and Volume
integrals, Divergence
theorem, Stoke's theorem and
Helmholtz’s theorem

Gauss’s law and applications,

Basic laws of Conductors and dielectrics,
electrostatics Conductivity and T1-Ch.3 (3.4, 3.6-3.9,
17-19
permittivity, Boundary 3.10)
conditions, Capacitance
calculation

Poisson's and Laplace's

equations, Applications in
Boundary value one dimensions, T1-Ch.4 (4.2-4.4.1)
20-23
problems Uniqueness theorem, Method R1- Ch.7.1-7.3
of images (for flat ground
planes)

Current density, Ohm’s law,

Equation of continuity,
Relaxation time, Resistance
T1-Ch.5 (5.1, 5.4,
Basic laws of calculation, Ampere’s law
24-29 5.5,5.7) , Ch.6 (6.2, 6.3
magnetostatics and applications, Magnetic
6.4, 6.7, 6.10)
materials, Permeability,
Boundary conditions,
Inductance calculation

Maxwell’s equations –
Time-varying integral, differential and time-
30-31 T1-Ch.7 (7.2-7.5,7.7.2)
fields harmonic (or phasor) forms,
interpretation

Plane wave propagation in

Plane lossless and lossy media,
32-36 electromagnetic Characteristics of wave –
T1-Ch.8 (8.2-8.5)
waves velocity, polarization, power,
dispersion

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 BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Pilani
Pilani Campus
AUGS/ AGSR Division

Normal incidence of plane

wave at conducting and
Waves at dielectric boundaries,
37-40
interfaces Oblique incidence on the T1-Ch.8 (8.6, 8.8-8.10)
dielectric boundary – total
internal reflection

NB: Topics shown in the lecture plan are only for guidance, which means there may be additions and/or
omissions of certain topics. Teaching material will be mostly based on T1, R1 and R2 depending on the
required depth. Tests and exams will be based on what is covered in the lecture and the tutorial hours.

5. Evaluation Scheme

Marks Date &

Component Duration Evaluation type
(200) Time
Assignment Take Before
20 (10 %) OB
(LTspice) home midsem
15-20 During
Surprise quizzes 40 (20 %) CB
min tutorial hours
Mid semester
90 min 60 (30 %) 10/10 AN1 CB
test
Comprehensive
3 hours 80 (40 %) 09/12 FN CB+OB
examination

6. Performance requirement for availing valid grade: Student should attend all evaluation components and
should score more than 10 % of the lowest mark of the highest grade given.
7. Chamber Consultation Hours: Will be announced
8. Notices: Will be displayed in Nalanda portal
9. Makeup policy: Makeup will not be given for quizzes and assignment. For other components, makeup is
a one-time provision that applies only in cases of "extreme medical emergency". Seasonal fever, allergy, loose
motion, vomiting, mood swing, attending celebrations, ceremonies etc do not qualify for make-up.

. Instructor-in-charge
Course No. F212
Chamber: 2220-R, FD-2
praveen.kumar@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in

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