[2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제

we are feeding and watering our fields more than

본 파일은 GeeSeek.com의 지식상품으로 ever, and our crops are loving it. Unfortunately,
www.geeseek.com에서 회원가입 후
these luxurious conditions have also excited the
유/무료로 다운로드 가능합니다.
attention of certain agricultural undesirables. Because
farm fields are loaded with nutrients and water
relative to the natural land that surrounds them,
글의 요지, 주제문/제목 찾기 유형
they are desired as luxury real estate by every
random weed in the area.
1. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?1) [20번] * monoculture: 단일 작물 재배
** irrigation: (논,밭에) 물을 댐; 관개
Having a messy room can add up to negative
feelings and destructive thinking. Psychologists say ① Engineers and crop scientists have increased the
that having a disorderly room can indicate a global capacity for irrigation.
disorganized mental state. One of the professional ② The use of fertilizers has tripled since 1969.
tidying experts says that the moment you start ③ Fertilizers and irrigation make farm fields
cleaning your room, you also start changing your attractive to weeds.
life and gaining new perspective. When you clean ④ Monoculture farming is the most efficient way
your surroundings, positive and good atmosphere to grow crops.
follows. You can do more things efficiently and ⑤ Farmers are more efficient at supplying nutrients
and water to their crops than before.
neatly. So, clean up your closets, organize your
drawers, and arrange your things first, then peace
of mind will follow.

① Having a messy room is a sign of laziness.

② Cleaning your room can improve your mental 3. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?3) [22번]
and emotional well-being. When it comes to helping out, you don’t have to
③ Psychologists recommend hiring professional do much. All you have to do is come around and
tidying experts. show that you care. If you notice someone who is
④ Disorganized rooms lead to more efficient work lonely, you could go and sit with them. If you work
environments. with someone who eats lunch all by themselves,
⑤ The best way to achieve peace of mind is by and you go and sit down with them, they will
focusing solely on mental exercises.
begin to be more social after a while, and they will
owe it all to you. A person’s happiness comes from
attention. There are too many people out in the
world who feel like everyone has forgotten them or
ignored them. Even if you say hi to someone
passing by, they will begin to feel better about
2. What is the main point being discussed in the themselves, like someone cares.
passage?2) [21번]
The soil of a farm field is forced to be the perfect ① Loneliness is caused by people ignoring others.
environment for monoculture growth. This is ② Sitting with someone at lunch can make them
achieved by adding nutrients in the form of owe you.
③ Showing small acts of kindness can significantly
fertilizer and water by way of irrigation. During the
improve someone's happiness.
last fifty years, engineers and crop scientists have
④ A person's happiness only comes from social
helped farmers become much more efficient at
interactions.
supplying exactly the right amount of both. World
⑤ Saying hi to someone passing by can prevent
usage of fertilizer has tripled since 1969, and the
loneliness.
global capacity for irrigation has almost doubled;

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 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제

4. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?4) [23번] ① Voting is an important action for individuals to

perform.
We often try to make cuts in our challenges and
② People should exercise regularly to maintain
take the easy route. When taking the quick exit, we their health.
fail to acquire the strength to compete. We often ③ Changing your behavior is difficult and requires
take the easy route to improve our skills. Many of effort.
us never really work to achieve mastery in the key ④ Your behaviors reflect your identity and beliefs
areas of life. These skills are key tools that can be about yourself.
useful to our career, health, and prosperity. Highly ⑤ Convincing yourself to train is necessary for
successful athletes don’t win because of better exercise.
equipment; they win by facing hardship to gain
strength and skill. They win through preparation. It’s
the mental preparation, winning mindset, strategy,
and skill that set them apart. Strength comes from
struggle, not from taking the path of least 6. What is the main point being discussed in the
resistance. Hardship is not just a lesson for the next passage?6) [29번]
time in front of us. Hardship will be the greatest
The hunter­gatherer lifestyle, which can be described
teacher we will ever have in life.
as “natural” to human beings, appears to have had
much to recommend it. Examination of human remains
① Highly successful athletes win because of better
from early hunter­gatherer societies has suggested that
equipment.
our ancestors enjoyed abundant food, obtainable
② Strength and skill come from taking the path of
without excessive effort, and suffered very few diseases.
least resistance.
③ Hardship and struggle are essential for achieving If this is true, it is not clear why so many humans
true success and mastery. settled in permanent villages and developed agriculture,
④ Mental preparation and strategy are less growing crops and domesticating animals: cultivating
important than physical ability. fields was hard work, and it was in farming villages that
⑤ Many people work hard to achieve mastery in epidemic diseases first took root. Whatever its
the key areas of life. immediate effect on the lives of humans, the
development of settlements and agriculture undoubtedly
led to a high increase in population density. This
5. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?5) [24번] period, known as the New Stone Age, was a major
turning point in human development, opening the way
Your behaviors are usually a reflection of your
to the growth of the first towns and cities, and
identity. What you do is an indication of the type of
eventually leading to settled “civilizations.”
person you believe that you are ― either consciously
* remains: 유적, 유해 ** epidemic: 전염병의
or nonconsciously. Research has shown that once a
person believes in a particular aspect of their
identity, they are more likely to act according to that ① The New Stone Age marked a significant shift
towards urbanization and civilization development.
belief. For example, people who identified as “being
② Settlements and agriculture led to population
a voter” were more likely to vote than those who
growth and the development of early civilizations.
simply claimed “voting” was an action they wanted
③ Early hunter-gatherer societies suffered from
to perform. Similarly, the person who accepts
frequent epidemic diseases.
exercise as the part of their identity doesn’t have to
④ Agriculture and settlements were adopted due to
convince themselves to train. Doing the right thing is the abundance of food and ease of obtaining it.
easy. After all, when your behavior and your identity ⑤ The hunter-gatherer lifestyle was healthier and
perfectly match, you are no longer pursuing behavior less labor-intensive compared to early agricultural
change. You are simply acting like the type of societies.
person you already believe yourself to be.

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 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
7. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?7) [30번]
Many human and non­human animals save commodities
or money for future consumption. This behavior seems
to reveal a preference of a delayed reward over an
immediate one: the agent gives up some immediate
pleasure in exchange for a future one. Thus the
discounted value of the future reward should be greater
than the un­discounted value of the present one.
However, in some cases the agent does not wait for the
envisioned occasion but uses their savings prematurely.
For example, early in the year an employee might set
aside money to buy Christmas presents but then
spend it on a summer vacation instead. Such cases
could be examples of weakness of will. That is, the
agents may judge or resolve to spend their savings in
a certain way for the greatest benefit but then act
differently when temptation for immediate pleasure
appears. * envision: 계획하다.
① Animals save resources for future use.
② People often choose immediate rewards over
future rewards.
③ Savings behavior can indicate a preference for
future rewards, but temptation can lead to
premature spending.
④ Future rewards always have a greater value than
immediate rewards.
⑤ Planning for future spending is more important
than dealing with temptation.
8. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?8) [31번]
The costs of interruptions are well­documented.
Martin Luther King Jr. lamented them when he
described “that lovely poem that didn’t get written
because someone knocked on the door.” Perhaps the
most famous literary example happened in 1797 when
Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his poem
Kubla Khan from a dream he had but then was
visited by an unexpected guest. For Coleridge, by
coincidence, the untimely visitor came at a particularly
bad time. He forgot his inspiration and left the work
unfinished. While there are many documented cases
of sudden disruptions that have had significant
consequences for professionals in critical roles such
as doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock
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traders, and pilots, they also impact most of us in
our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity
and generally increasing stress levels.
* lament: 슬퍼하다
① Interruptions can have profound effects on
productivity and creativity.
② Samuel Taylor Coleridge was unable to finish his
poem Kubla Khan due to a sudden interruption.
③ Martin Luther King Jr. was interrupted while
writing a poem, impacting his creativity.
④ Professionals in critical roles are often
interrupted, affecting their performance.
⑤ Sudden disruptions have been a common occurrence
throughout history, affecting various professionals.
9. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?9) [32번]
There’s a lot of scientific evidence demonstrating
that focused attention leads to the reshaping of the
brain. In animals rewarded for noticing sound (to
hunt or to avoid being hunted for example), we
find much larger auditory centers in the brain. In
animals rewarded for sharp eyesight, the visual
areas are larger. Brain scans of violinists provide
more evidence, showing dramatic growth and
expansion in regions of the cortex that represent
the left hand, which has to finger the strings
precisely, often at very high speed. Other studies
have shown that the hippocampus, which is vital for
spatial memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers. The
point is that the physical architecture of the brain
changes according to where we direct our attention
and what we practice doing.
* cortex: (대뇌) 피질(皮質)
** hippocampus: (대뇌 측두엽의) 해마
① Violinists have larger auditory centers in their
brains due to their training with sound.
② Different activities and focused attention can lead to
specific areas of the brain undergoing physical changes.
③ Animals with larger visual areas in the brain are
better at hunting and avoiding being hunted.
④ Taxi drivers have larger auditory centers in their
brains due to their navigation skills.
⑤ Brain scans of animals show that their brain architecture
remains unchanged regardless of their activities.
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
10. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?10) [33번]
How did the human mind evolve? One possibility is
that competition and conflicts with other human
tribes caused our brains to evolve the way they did.
A human tribe that could out­think its enemies, even
slightly, possessed a vital advantage. The ability of
your tribe to imagine and predict where and when a
hostile enemy tribe might strike, and
accordingly, gives your tribe a significant military
advantage. The human mind became a weapon in
the struggle for survival, a weapon far more decisive
than any before it. And this mental advantage was
applied, over and over, within each succeeding
generation. The tribe that could out­think
opponents was more likely to succeed in battle and
would then pass on the genes responsible for this
mental advantage to its offspring. You and I are the
descendants of the winners.
① The human mind evolved to become more
creative and artistic over time.
② The human mind evolved primarily due to
cooperation and collaboration among human tribes.
③ The human mind evolved to adapt to
environmental changes and challenges.
④ The evolution of the human mind was driven by
advancements in technology and tools.
⑤ Competition and conflicts between human tribes likely
played a significant role in the evolution of the
human mind.
11. What is the main point being discussed in the
passage?11) [34번]
To find the hidden potential in teams, instead of
brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process
called brainwriting. The initial steps are solo. You
start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately.
Next, you pool them and share them anonymously
among the group. To preserve independent judgment,
each member evaluates them on their own. Only then
does the team come together to select and refine the
most promising options. By developing and assessing
ideas individually before choosing and elaborating
them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that
might not get attention otherwise. This brainwriting
process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the
table and all voices are brought into the
conversation. It is especially effective in groups that
struggle to achieve collective intelligence.
* anonymously: 익명으로 ** surface: 드러내다
① Teams should rely on individual judgment rather
plan than collaborative decision-making to refine ideas.
② Brainstorming should be the preferred method
over brainwriting for generating ideas in teams.
③ Brainwriting is a more effective method than
brainstorming for unlocking hidden potential in teams.
④ Brainwriting encourages teams to select ideas
its
collectively without individual evaluation.
⑤ Brainwriting is ineffective for groups aiming to
achieve collective intelligence.
12. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?12) [35번]
Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a
feeling that they are in control, that they have
genuine decision­making authority ― can radically
increase how much energy and focus they bring to
their jobs. One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in
Ohio, for instance, carefully examined assembly­line
workers who were empowered to make small decisions
about their schedules and work environment. They
designed their own uniforms and had authority over
shifts while all the manufacturing processes and pay
scales stayed the same. Within two months,
productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent, with
workers taking shorter breaks and making fewer
mistakes. Giving employees a sense of control
improved how much self­discipline they brought to
their jobs. * radically: 급격하게 ** shift: (근무) 교대
① Giving employees control over pay scales is
essential for improving their job satisfaction.
② Uniform design and shift authority are crucial
factors in improving employee productivity.
③ Manufacturing plants in Ohio have seen a 20% increase
in productivity due to improved work environments.
④ Self-discipline is the most important factor in
enhancing employee job performance.
⑤ Empowering employees with a sense of agency
can significantly enhance their job performance.
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 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
13. What is the main point being discussed in the
passage?13) [36번]
As businesses shift some core business activities to
digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving, it is
assumed that the impact on the environment will
be less negative. However, digital business activities can
still threaten the environment. In some cases, the harm
of digital businesses can be even more hazardous. A few
decades ago, offices used to have much more paper
waste since all documents were paper based. When
workplaces shifted from paper to digital documents,
invoices, and emails, it was a promising step to save trees.
However, the cost of the Internet and electricity for the
environment is neglected. A recent Wired report declared
that most data centers’ energy source is fossil fuels. When
we store bigger data on clouds, increased carbon
emissions make our green clouds gray. The carbon
footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent via a
post office, but still, it causes four grams of CO₂, and it
can be as much as 50 grams if the attachment is big.
① Digital business activities have no impact on the
environment.
② The shift from paper to digital documents has
completely solved environmental issues.
③ Digital business activities can still harm the environ
-ment, sometimes even more than traditional methods.
④ All data centers use renewable energy sources.
⑤ Emails are more environmentally friendly than
postal mail, with no significant carbon footprint.
14. What is the main point being discussed in the
passage?14) [37번]
Britain’s red and grey squirrels provide a clear example.
When the grey arrived from America in the 1870s, both
squirrel species competed for the same food and
habitat, which put the native red squirrel populations
under pressure. The grey had the edge because it can
adapt its diet; it is able, for instance, to eat green acorns,
while the red can only digest mature acorns. Within the
same area of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the food
supply before red squirrels even have a bite. Greys can also
live more densely and in varied habitats, so have survived
more easily when woodland has been destroyed. As a
result, the red squirrel has come close to extinction in
England. * edge: 우위 ** acorn: 도토리
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① The introduction of grey squirrels to Britain has
threatened the survival of native red squirrels.
② Red squirrels in Britain have adapted well to
competition from grey squirrels.
③ Both red and grey squirrels in Britain face
extinction due to habitat destruction.
④ American grey squirrels have outcompeted
British grey squirrels for food and habitat.
⑤ Britain's forest ecosystems have been greatly
improved by the presence of grey squirrels.
15. What is the primary message conveyed in the
passage?15) [38번]
Growing crops forced people to stay in one place.
Hunter-gatherers typically moved around frequently,
and they had to be able to carry all their possessions
with them every time they moved. In particular,
mothers had to carry their young children. As a
result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one
baby every four years or so, spacing their births so
that they never had to carry more than one child at
a time. Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the
same place year after year and did not have to worry
about transporting young children long distances.
Societies that settled down in one place were able to
shorten their birth intervals from four years to about
two. This meant that each woman could have more
children than her hunter-gatherer counterpart, which
in turn resulted in rapid population growth among
farming communities. An increased population was
actually an advantage to agricultural societies, because
farming required large amounts of human labor.
* counterpart: (대응 관계에 있는) 상대
① Hunter-gatherers moved frequently and could
not carry many possessions.
② Agricultural societies had shorter birth intervals,
leading to rapid population growth and labor
for farming.
③ Farmers did not have to carry young children
long distances.
④ Hunter-gatherer mothers spaced their births to
manage carrying their children.
⑤ Population growth was slower in hunter-gatherer
communities due to their lifestyle.
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
16. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?16) [39번]
Spending time as children allows animals to learn
about their environment. Without childhood, animals
must rely more fully on hardware, and therefore be
less flexible. Among migratory bird species, those
that are born knowing how, when, and where to
migrate — those that are migrating entirely with
instructions they were born with — sometimes have
very inefficient migration routes. These birds, born
knowing how to migrate, don’t adapt easily. So
when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or
climate change pushes breeding grounds farther
north, those birds that are born knowing how to
migrate keep flying by the old rules and maps. By
comparison, birds with the longest childhoods, and
those that migrate with their parents, tend to have
the most efficient migration routes. Childhood
facilitates the passing on of cultural information,
and culture can evolve faster than genes.
Childhood gives flexibility in a changing world.
① Birds with innate migration knowledge have
more efficient routes.
② Childhood allows animals to adapt and learn
about their changing environment.
③ Migratory birds do not need to learn from their
parents.
④ Climate change does not affect birds that are
born knowing how to migrate.
⑤ Cultural information in birds is less important
than genetic information.
17. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?17) [40번]
Over the last several decades, scholars have
developed standards for how best to create, organize,
present, and preserve digital information for future
generations. What has remained neglected for the
most part, however, are the needs of people with
disabilities. As a result, many of the otherwise most
valuable digital resources are useless for people
who are deaf or hard of hearing, as well as for
people who are blind, have low vision, or have
difficulty distinguishing particular colors. While
professionals working in educational technology and
commercial web design have made significant
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progress in meeting the needs of such users, some
scholars creating digital projects all too often fail
to take these needs into account. This situation
would be much improved if more projects
embraced the idea that we should always keep the
largest possible audience in mind as we make
design decisions, ensuring that our final product
serves the needs of those with disabilities as well
as those without.
① Scholars have fully addressed the needs of
people with disabilities in digital projects.
② The needs of people with disabilities have often been
neglected in the creation of digital information.
③ Educational technology and commercial web design
professionals have not made any progress in
accessibility.
④ Digital resources are equally accessible to all
users regardless of their abilities.
⑤ Ensuring accessibility for people with disabilities
makes digital projects unnecessarily complicated.
18. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?18) [41~42번]
All humans, to an extent, seek activities that
cause a degree of pain in order to experience
pleasure, whether this is found in spicy food,
strong massages, or stepping into a too­cold or
too­hot bath. The key is that it is a ‘safe threat’.
The brain perceives the stimulus to be painful but
ultimately non­threatening. Interestingly, this could
be similar to the way humor works: a ‘safe threat’
that causes pleasure by playfully violating norms.
We feel uncomfortable, but safe. In this context,
where survival is clearly not in danger, the desire
for pain is actually the desire for a reward, not
suffering or punishment. This reward­like effect
comes from the feeling of mastery over the pain. The
closer you look at your chilli­eating habit, the more
remarkable it seems. When the active ingredient of
chillies — capsaicin — touches the tongue, it
stimulates exactly the same receptor that is
activated when any of these tissues are burned.
Knowing that our body is firing off danger signals,
but that we are actually completely safe, produces
pleasure. All children start off hating chilli, but
many learn to derive pleasure from it through
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
repeated exposure and knowing that they will
never experience any real harm. Interestingly,
seeking pain for the pain itself appears to be
uniquely human. The only way scientists have
trained animals to have a preference for chilli or
to self­harm is to have the pain always directly
associated with a pleasurable reward.
① Humans seek pain as a form of punishment and
suffering.
② The experience of pain is always unpleasant and
should be avoided.
③ The desire for safe pain can lead to pleasure
and a sense of mastery.
④ Children naturally enjoy spicy foods from an
early age.
⑤ Animals naturally seek out painful experiences
just like humans do.
글의 내용파악, 일치/불일치 유형
19. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.19) [20번]
Having a messy room can add up to negative
feelings and destructive thinking. Psychologists say
that having a disorderly room can indicate
disorganized mental state. One of the professional
tidying experts says that the moment you start
cleaning your room, you also start changing your life
and gaining new perspective. When you clean your
surroundings, positive and good atmosphere follows.
You can do more things efficiently and neatly. So, clean
up your closets, organize your drawers, and arrange
your things first, then peace of mind will follow.
① A messy room can lead to negative feelings and
destructive thinking.
② Psychologists believe that a disorderly room can
reflect a disorganized mental state.
③ Cleaning your room can help change your life
and provide a new perspective.
④ Organizing your surroundings has no impact on
your efficiency and neatness.
⑤ Tidying up your environment can create a
positive and good atmosphere.
20. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.20)[21번]
The soil of a farm field is forced to be the perfect
environment for monoculture growth. This is
achieved by adding nutrients in the form of
fertilizer and water by way of irrigation. During the
last fifty years, engineers and crop scientists have
helped farmers become much more efficient at
supplying exactly the right amount of both. World
usage of fertilizer has tripled since 1969, and the
global capacity for irrigation has almost doubled;
we are feeding and watering our fields more than
ever, and our crops are loving it. Unfortunately,
these luxurious conditions have also excited the
attention of certain agricultural undesirables.
Because farm fields are loaded with nutrients and
water relative to the natural land that surrounds
them, they are desired as luxury real estate by
every random weed in the area.
* monoculture: 단일 작물 재배
① Farm fields with abundant nutrients and water
attract weeds.
② The usage of fertilizer worldwide has tripled
since 1969.
③ Global capacity for irrigation has remained the
same over the last fifty years.
a ④ Crops thrive in fields with added nutrients and
water.
⑤ Engineers and crop scientists have helped farmers
become more efficient at supplying the right amount
of fertilizer and water.
21. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.21) [22번]
When it comes to helping out, you don’t have to do
much. All you have to do is come around and show
that you care. If you notice someone who is lonely,
you could go and sit with them. If you work with
someone who eats lunch all by themselves, and you
go and sit down with them, they will begin to be
more social after a while, and they will owe it all to
you. A person’s happiness comes from attention. There
are too many people out in the world who feel like
everyone has forgotten them or ignored them. Even if
you say hi to someone passing by, they will begin to
feel better about themselves, like someone cares.
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 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제

① Showing care can make a significant difference
in someone’s life.
② Simply sitting with a lonely person can help
them become more social.
③ People feel happier when they receive attention
from others.
④ Many people feel forgotten or ignored by
others.
⑤ Helping others requires a lot of effort and time.
22. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.22)
We often try to make cuts in our challenges and
take the easy route. When taking the quick exit, we
fail to acquire the strength to compete. We often
take the easy route to improve our skills. Many of
us never really work to achieve mastery in the key
areas of life. These skills are key tools that can be
useful to our career, health, and prosperity. Highly
successful athletes don’t win because of better
equipment; they win by facing hardship to gain
strength and skill. They win through preparation. It’s
the mental preparation, winning mindset, strategy,
and skill that set them apart. Strength comes from
struggle, not from taking the path of
resistance. Hardship is not just a lesson for the next
time in front of us. Hardship will be the greatest
teacher we will ever have in life.
23. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.23) [24번]
Your behaviors are usually a reflection of your
identity. What you do is an indication of the type of
person you believe that you are ― either consciously
or nonconsciously. Research has shown that once a
person believes in a particular aspect of their
identity, they are more likely to act according to that
belief. For example, people who identified as “being
a voter” were more likely to vote than those who
simply claimed “voting” was an action they wanted
to perform. Similarly, the person who accepts
exercise as the part of their identity doesn’t have to
convince themselves to train. Doing the right thing is
[23번] easy. After all, when your behavior and your identity
perfectly match, you are no longer pursuing behavior
change. You are simply acting like the type of
person you already believe yourself to be.
① Your behaviors are a reflection of your identity.
② Once a person believes in a particular aspect of their
identity, they are more likely to act according to that belief.
③ People who identify as "being a voter" are less likely to
vote than those who simply claim voting is an action they
want to perform.
④ Accepting exercise as part of one's identity
makes training easier.
⑤ When behavior and identity perfectly align,
least behavior change becomes unnecessary.

① Mastery in key areas of life requires dedication 24. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.24) [29번]
and effort.
② Taking the easy route often leads to a lack of The hunter­gatherer lifestyle, which can be described
as “natural” to human beings, appears to have had
strength and skill development.
much to recommend it. Examination of human remains
③ Hardship is a valuable teacher in life.
④ Successful athletes primarily rely on better from early hunter­gatherer societies has suggested that
our ancestors enjoyed abundant food, obtainable
equipment to win.
without excessive effort, and suffered very few diseases.
⑤ Strength is developed through facing challenges
and struggles. If this is true, it is not clear why so many humans
settled in permanent villages and developed agriculture,
growing crops and domesticating animals: cultivating
fields was hard work, and it was in farming villages that
epidemic diseases first took root. Whatever its
immediate effect on the lives of humans, the
development of settlements and agriculture undoubtedly

- 8 -
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
led to a high increase in population density. This
period, known as the New Stone Age, was a major
turning point in human development, opening the way
to the growth of the first towns and cities, and
eventually leading to settled “civilizations.”
* remains: 유적, 유해 ** epidemic: 전염병의
① The hunter-gatherer lifestyle provided abundant
food with minimal effort.
② Agriculture led to the development of epidemic
diseases in early farming villages.
③ Settlements and agriculture in the New Stone
Age led to a decrease in population density.
④ The development of settlements and agriculture
marked a major turning point in human history.
⑤ Early hunter-gatherer societies suffered from few
diseases compared to later settled civilizations.
25. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.25) [30번]
Many human and non­human animals save commodities
or money for future consumption. This behavior seems to
reveal a preference of a delayed reward over an
immediate one: the agent gives up some immediate
pleasure in exchange for a future one. Thus the
discounted value of the future reward should be greater
than the un­discounted value of the present one.
However, in some cases the agent does not wait for the
envisioned occasion but uses their savings prematurely.
For example, early in the year an employee might set
aside money to buy Christmas presents but then spend
it on a summer vacation instead. Such cases could be
examples of weakness of will. That is, the agents may
judge or resolve to spend their savings in a certain
way for the greatest benefit but then act differently
when temptation for immediate pleasure appears.
① Both human and non-human animals save
resources for future consumption.
② Saving for future rewards shows a preference for
delayed gratification.
③ The discounted value of future rewards should
be greater than the immediate value.
④ Agents always use their savings for the purpose
they initially intended.
⑤ Temptation can lead agents to use their savings
prematurely.
- 9 -
26. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.26) [31번]
The costs of interruptions are well­documented.
Martin Luther King Jr. lamented them when he
described “that lovely poem that didn’t get written
because someone knocked on the door.” Perhaps the
most famous literary example happened in 1797 when
Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his poem
Kubla Khan from a dream he had but then was
visited by an unexpected guest. For Coleridge, by
coincidence, the untimely visitor came at a particularly
bad time. He forgot his inspiration and left the work
unfinished. While there are many documented cases
of sudden disruptions that have had significant
consequences for professionals in critical roles such
as doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock
traders, and pilots, they also impact most of us in
our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity
and generally increasing stress levels.
* lament: 슬퍼하다
① Martin Luther King Jr. referenced interruptions in
the context of creative work being disrupted.
② Samuel Taylor Coleridge was interrupted while writing
his poem "Kubla Khan," which affected its completion.
③ Interruptions primarily affect professionals in
critical roles such as doctors, nurses, control
room operators, stock traders, and pilots.
④ Interruptions can significantly impact everyday individuals,
reducing work productivity and increasing stress levels.
⑤ Interruptions have no documented consequences in
various professions and daily life.
27. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.27) [32번]
There’s a lot of scientific evidence demonstrating
that focused attention leads to the reshaping of the
brain. In animals rewarded for noticing sound (to
hunt or to avoid being hunted for example), we
find much larger auditory centers in the brain. In
animals rewarded for sharp eyesight, the visual
areas are larger. Brain scans of violinists provide
more evidence, showing dramatic growth and
expansion in regions of the cortex that represent
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
the left hand, which has to finger the strings
precisely, often at very high speed. Other studies
have shown that the hippocampus, which is vital for
spatial memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers. The
point is that the physical architecture of the brain
changes according to where we direct our attention
and what we practice doing.
* cortex: (대뇌) 피질(皮質)
① Animals rewarded for noticing sounds tend to
have larger auditory centers in their brains.
② Animals rewarded for sharp eyesight tend to
have larger visual areas in their brains.
③ Violinists show dramatic growth and expansion in
regions of the cortex that represent the right hand.
④ Studies have shown that taxi drivers have an enlarged
hippocampus, which is vital for spatial memory.
⑤ The physical architecture of the brain changes
according to where we direct our attention and
what we practice doing.
28. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.28) [33번]
How did the human mind evolve? One possibility is
that competition and conflicts with other human
tribes caused our brains to evolve the way they did.
A human tribe that could out­think its enemies, even
slightly, possessed a vital advantage. The ability of
your tribe to imagine and predict where and when a
hostile enemy tribe might strike, and
accordingly, gives your tribe a significant military
advantage. The human mind became a weapon in
the struggle for survival, a weapon far more decisive
than any before it. And this mental advantage was
applied, over and over, within each succeeding
generation. The tribe that could out­think
opponents was more likely to succeed in battle and
would then pass on the genes responsible for this
mental advantage to its offspring. You and I are the
descendants of the winners.
① Competition and conflicts with other human tribes might
have influenced the evolution of the human mind.
② The ability to predict and plan for enemy attacks
provided tribes with a significant military advantage.
③ The human mind's evolution as a powerful weapon in
the struggle for survival was less decisive than
physical weapons.
④ Tribes that could out-think their opponents were
more likely to pass on their genes to succeeding
generations.
⑤ The descendants of tribes that succeeded in
battle due to mental advantages are you and I.
29. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.29) [34번]
To find the hidden potential in teams, instead of
brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process
called brainwriting. The initial steps are solo. You
start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately.
Next, you pool them and share them anonymously
among the group. To preserve independent judgment,
each member evaluates them on their own. Only then
does the team come together to select and refine the
most promising options. By developing and assessing
ideas individually before choosing and elaborating
them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that
might not get attention otherwise. This brainwriting
process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the
table and all voices are brought into the
conversation. It is especially effective in groups that
struggle to achieve collective intelligence.
* anonymously: 익명으로 ** surface: 드러내다
plan
① Brainwriting starts with individuals generating ideas
separately before sharing them with the group.
② Brainwriting involves sharing ideas anonymously
among the group members.
③ Brainwriting allows team members to evaluate ideas
its collectively to preserve independent judgment.
④ The brainwriting process helps ensure that all
ideas are considered and all voices are heard.
⑤ Brainwriting is particularly effective in groups
that struggle to achieve collective intelligence.
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 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
30. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.30) [35번]
Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a
feeling that they are in control, that they have
genuine decision­making authority ― can radically
increase how much energy and focus they bring to
their jobs. One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in
Ohio, for instance, carefully examined assembly­line
workers who were empowered to make small decisions
about their schedules and work environment. They
designed their own uniforms and had authority over
shifts while all the manufacturing processes and pay
scales stayed the same. Within two months,
productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent, with
workers taking shorter breaks and making fewer
mistakes. Giving employees a sense of control
improved how much self­discipline they brought to
their jobs. * radically: 급격하게 ** shift: (근무) 교대
① Giving employees a sense of agency can
significantly increase their energy and focus at work.
② The study at a manufacturing plant in Ohio involved
assembly-line workers making small decisions about
their work schedules and environment.
③ Productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent within
two months due to employees having a sense of control.
④ The workers in the study saw no change in productivity
despite having control over their uniforms and shifts.
⑤ Empowering employees to make decisions led to
shorter breaks and fewer mistakes among workers.
31. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.31)[36번]
As businesses shift some core business activities to
digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving, it is
assumed that the impact on the environment will
be less negative. However, digital business activities
can still threaten the environment. In some cases,
the harm of digital businesses can be even more
hazardous. A few decades ago, offices used to have
much more paper waste since all documents were
paper based. When workplaces shifted from paper
to digital documents, invoices, and emails, it was a
promising step to save trees. However, the cost of
the Internet and electricity for the environment is
neglected. A recent Wired report declared that most
- 11 -
data centers’ energy source is fossil fuels. When we
store bigger data on clouds, increased carbon
emissions make our green clouds gray. The carbon
footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent via a
post office, but still, it causes four grams of CO₂,
and it can be as much as 50 grams if the
attachment is big.
① Shifting to digital documents was seen as a step
to save trees.
② Digital business activities have no impact on the
environment.
③ Data centers primarily use fossil fuels for energy.
④ The carbon footprint of an email can be up to
50 grams with a large attachment.
⑤ Digital activities can sometimes be more harmful
to the environment than traditional methods.
32. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.32) [37번]
Britain’s red and grey squirrels provide a clear
example. When the grey arrived from America in
the 1870s, both squirrel species competed for the
same food and habitat, which put the native red
squirrel populations under pressure. The grey had
the edge because it can adapt its diet; it is able, for
instance, to eat green acorns, while the red can only
digest mature acorns. Within the same area of forest,
grey squirrels can destroy the food supply before red
squirrels even have a bite. Greys can also live more
densely and in varied habitats, so have survived more
easily when woodland has been destroyed. As a
result, the red squirrel has come close to extinction
in England. * edge: 우위 ** acorn: 도토리
① Grey squirrels arrived in Britain from America in
the 1870s.
② Both red and grey squirrels compete for the
same food and habitat.
③ The red squirrel population in England has come
close to extinction due to competition with grey
squirrels.
④ Grey squirrels can live more densely and in
varied habitats compared to red squirrels.
⑤ Red squirrels can adapt their diet to include
green acorns, unlike grey squirrels.
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
33. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.33)[38번]
Growing crops forced people to stay in one
place. Hunter-gatherers typically moved around
frequently, and they had to be able to carry all
their possessions with them every time they moved.
In particular, mothers had to carry their young
children. As a result, hunter-gatherer mothers could
have only one baby every four years or so, spacing
their births so that they never had to carry more
than one child at a time. Farmers, on the other
hand, could live in the same place year after year
and did not have to worry about transporting
young children long distances. Societies that settled
down in one place were able to shorten their birth
intervals from four years to about two. This meant
that each woman could have more children than
her hunter-gatherer counterpart, which in turn
resulted in rapid population growth among farming
communities. An increased population was actually
an advantage to agricultural societies, because
farming required large amounts of human labor.
* counterpart: (대응 관계에 있는) 상대
① Growing crops required people to stay in one
place.
② Hunter-gatherer mothers spaced their births to
manage carrying children.
③ Farmers had to transport their young children
long distances.
④ Settled societies were able to shorten their birth
intervals to about two years.
⑤ Increased population was beneficial for
agricultural societies due to labor needs.
34. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.34) [39번]
Spending time as children allows animals to learn
about their environment. Without childhood, animals
must rely more fully on hardware, and therefore be
less flexible. Among migratory bird species, those
that are born knowing how, when, and where to
migrate — those that are migrating entirely with
instructions they were born with — sometimes have
very inefficient migration routes. These birds, born
knowing how to migrate, don’t adapt easily. So
when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or
climate change pushes breeding grounds farther
- 12 -
north, those birds that are born knowing how to
migrate keep flying by the old rules and maps. By
comparison, birds with the longest childhoods, and
those that migrate with their parents, tend to have
the most efficient migration routes. Childhood
facilitates the passing on of cultural information, and
culture can evolve faster than genes. Childhood gives
flexibility in a changing world.
① Animals that spend time in childhood can learn about
their environment, which enhances their flexibility.
② Migratory bird species born with innate knowledge of
migration routes sometimes exhibit inefficient migration
patterns when faced with environmental changes.
③ Birds born knowing how to migrate tend to adapt
easily to changes such as lakes drying up or climate
change altering breeding grounds.
④ Birds with longer childhoods and those that migrate
with their parents generally have more efficient
migration routes.
⑤ Childhood facilitates the passing on of cultural
information, which can evolve faster than genetic
adaptations.
35. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.35) [40번]
Over the last several decades, scholars have
developed standards for how best to create, organize,
present, and preserve digital information for future
generations. What has remained neglected for the
most part, however, are the needs of people with
disabilities. As a result, many of the otherwise most
valuable digital resources are useless for people
who are deaf or hard of hearing, as well as for
people who are blind, have low vision, or have
difficulty distinguishing particular colors. While
professionals working in educational technology and
commercial web design have made significant
progress in meeting the needs of such users, some
scholars creating digital projects all too often fail
to take these needs into account. This situation
would be much improved if more projects
embraced the idea that we should always keep the
largest possible audience in mind as we make
design decisions, ensuring that our final product
serves the needs of those with disabilities as well
as those without.
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
① Scholars have developed standards for creating,
organizing, presenting, and preserving digital information.
② Many valuable digital resources are currently
inaccessible to people who are deaf or hard of hearing,
as well as those who are blind or have low vision.
③ Some scholars creating digital projects often fail to
consider the accessibility needs of users with disabilities.
④ Professionals in educational technology and commercial
web design have generally neglected the needs of
users with disabilities.
⑤ Embracing the idea of designing for the largest
possible audience can improve the accessibility
of digital projects for people with disabilities.
36. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.36) [40번]
All humans, to an extent, seek activities that
cause a degree of pain in order to experience
pleasure, whether this is found in spicy food,
strong massages, or stepping into a too­cold or
too­hot bath. The key is that it is a ‘safe threat’.
The brain perceives the stimulus to be painful but
ultimately non­threatening. Interestingly, this could
be similar to the way humor works: a ‘safe threat’
that causes pleasure by playfully violating norms.
We feel uncomfortable, but safe. In this context,
where survival is clearly not in danger, the desire
for pain is actually the desire for a reward, not
suffering or punishment. This reward­like effect
comes from the feeling of mastery over the pain. The
closer you look at your chilli­eating habit, the more
remarkable it seems. When the active ingredient of
chillies — capsaicin — touches the tongue, it
stimulates exactly the same receptor that is
activated when any of these tissues are burned.
Knowing that our body is firing off danger signals,
but that we are actually completely safe, produces
pleasure. All children start off hating chilli, but
many learn to derive pleasure from it through
repeated exposure and knowing that they will
never experience any real harm. Interestingly,
seeking pain for the pain itself appears to be
uniquely human. The only way scientists have
trained animals to have a preference for chilli or
to self­harm is to have the pain always directly
associated with a pleasurable reward.
- 13 -
① Humans seek activities that cause a degree of
pain in order to experience pleasure, such as
spicy food and strong massages.
② Pain-seeking behaviors in humans are rooted in
a desire for a reward rather than suffering or
punishment.
③ Humor works similarly to pain-seeking behaviors
by playfully violating norms and creating a 'safe
threat' that causes pleasure.
④ Pain can produce pleasure when the brain
perceives the stimulus to be painful but
ultimately non-threatening.
⑤ Animals can be trained to have a preference for
chilli or self-harm without associating pain with
a pleasurable reward.
문법성 판단하기 유형
37. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?37) [20번]
①Having a messy room can add up to negative
feelings and destructive thinking. Psychologists say ②that
having a ③disorderly room can indicate a disorganized
mental state. One of the professional tidying experts
④say that the moment you start cleaning your room,
you also start changing your life and gaining new
perspective. When you clean your surroundings, positive
and good atmosphere follows. You can do more things
efficiently and neatly. So, clean up your closets,
organize your drawers, and ⑤arrange your things first,
then peace of mind will follow.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
38. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?38) [21번]
The soil of a farm field is forced ①to be the
perfect environment for monoculture growth. This is
achieved by adding nutrients in the form of
fertilizer and water by way of irrigation. During the
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
last fifty years, engineers and crop scientists have
helped farmers ②become much more efficient at
supplying exactly the right amount of both. World
usage of fertilizer ③has tripled since 1969, and the
global capacity for irrigation has almost doubled;
we are feeding and watering our fields more than
ever, and our crops are loving it. Unfortunately,
these luxurious conditions have also excited the
attention of certain agricultural undesirables.
Because farm fields ④are loading with nutrients and
water relative to the natural land ⑤that surrounds
them, they are desired as luxury real estate by
every random weed in the area.
* monoculture: 단일 작물 재배
** irrigation: (논,밭에) 물을 댐; 관
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ resistance. Hardship is not just a lesson for the next
39. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?39) [22번]
When it comes to ①helping out, you don’t have
to do much. All you have to do ②is come around
and show that you care. If you notice someone
who is lonely, you could go and sit with them. If
you work with someone who eats lunch all by
themselves, and you go and sit down with them,
they will begin to be more social after a while, and
they will owe it all to you. A person’s happiness
comes from attention. There are too many people
out in the world who ③feels like everyone has
forgotten them or ④ignored them. Even if you say
hi to someone passing by, they will begin to feel
better about ⑤themselves, like someone cares.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
- 14 -
40. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?40) [23번]
We often try to make cuts in our challenges and
take the easy route. When ①taking the quick exit,
we fail to acquire the strength to compete. We often
take the easy route ②to improve our skills. Many of
us never really work to achieve mastery in the key
areas of life. These skills are key tools ③that can be
useful to our career, health, and prosperity. Highly
successful athletes don’t win ④because of better
equipment; they win by facing hardship to gain
strength and skill. They win through preparation. It’s
the mental preparation, winning mindset, strategy,
and skill ⑤what set them apart. Strength comes from
struggle, not from taking the path of least
time in front of us. Hardship will be the greatest
teacher we will ever have in life.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
41. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?41) [24번]
Your behaviors are usually a reflection of your
identity. What you do is an indication of the type of
person you believe ①that you are ― either consciously
or nonconsciously. Research has shown that once a
person believes in a particular aspect of their identity,
they are more likely ②to act according to that belief.
For example, people who identified as “being a voter”
③were more likely to vote than those who simply
claimed “voting” was an action they wanted to perform.
Similarly, the person who accepts exercise as the part of
their identity doesn’t have to convince ④them to train.
Doing the right thing is easy. After all, when your
behavior and your identity perfectly match, you are
no longer ⑤pursuing behavior change. You are simply
acting like the type of person you already believe
yourself to be.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
42. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?42) [29번]
The hunter­gatherer lifestyle, which can be described as
“natural” to human beings, ①appears to have had much
to recommend it. Examination of human remains from
early hunter­gatherer societies has suggested ②that our
ancestors enjoyed abundant food, obtainable without
excessive effort, and suffered very few diseases. If this is
true, it is not clear why so many humans settled in
permanent villages and developed agriculture, growing
crops and domesticating animals: cultivating fields was
hard work, and ③it was in farming villages that epidemic
diseases first took root. Whatever its immediate effect on
the lives of humans, the development of settlements and
agriculture undoubtedly led to a high increase in
population density. This period, known as the New Stone
Age, was a major turning point in human development,
④opening the way to the growth of the first towns and
cities, and eventually leading to ⑤settling “civilizations.”
* remains: 유적, 유해 ** epidemic: 전염병의
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
43. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?43) [30번]
Many human and non­human animals save
commodities or money for future consumption. This
behavior seems ①to reveal a preference of a delayed
reward over an immediate one: the agent gives up
some immediate pleasure in exchange for a future one.
Thus the ②discounted value of the future reward
should be greater than the un­discounted value of the
present one. However, in some cases the agent does
not wait for the envisioned occasion but ③uses their
savings prematurely. For example, early in the year an
employee might set aside money to buy Christmas
presents but then ④spend it on a summer vacation
instead. Such cases could be examples of weakness
of will. That is, the agents may judge or resolve to
spend their savings in a certain way for the greatest
benefit but then act differently when temptation for
immediate pleasure ⑤is appeared.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
- 15 -
44. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?44) [31번]
The costs of interruptions are well­documented.
Martin Luther King Jr. lamented ①them when he
described “that lovely poem that didn’t get written
because someone knocked on the door.” Perhaps the
most famous literary example ②happened in 1797
when Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his poem
Kubla Khan from a dream he had but then was visited
by an unexpected guest. For Coleridge, by coincidence,
the untimely visitor came at a particularly bad time. He
forgot his inspiration and left the work ③unfinishing.
While there are many documented cases of sudden
disruptions ④that have had significant consequences for
professionals in critical roles such as doctors, nurses,
control room operators, stock traders, and pilots, they
also impact most of us in our everyday lives, ⑤slowing
down work productivity and generally increasing stress
levels. * lament: 슬퍼하다
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
45. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?45) [32번]
There’s a lot of scientific evidence ①demonstrating
that focused attention leads to the reshaping of the
brain. In animals rewarded for noticing sound (to
hunt or to avoid being hunted for example), we
find ②much larger auditory centers in the brain. In
animals rewarded for sharp eyesight, the visual
areas are larger. Brain scans of violinists provide
more evidence, ③showing dramatic growth and
expansion in regions of the cortex that represent
the left hand, ④which has to finger the strings
precisely, often at very high speed. Other studies
have shown that the hippocampus, which is vital for
spatial memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers. The
point is ⑤what the physical architecture of the
brain changes according to where we direct our
attention and what we practice doing.
* cortex: (대뇌) 피질(皮質)
** hippocampus: (대뇌 측두엽의) 해마
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
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46. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?46) [33번]
How did the human mind evolve? One possibility is
①that competition and conflicts with other human
tribes caused our brains ②to evolve the way they
did. A human tribe that could out­think its enemies,
even slightly, ③possessing a vital advantage. The
ability of your tribe to imagine and predict where
and when a hostile enemy tribe might strike, and
plan accordingly, ④gives your tribe a significant
military advantage. The human mind became a
weapon in the struggle for survival, a weapon far
more decisive than any before it. And this mental
advantage was applied, over and over, within each
succeeding generation. The tribe that could out­think
its opponents ⑤was more likely to succeed in battle
and would then pass on the genes responsible for
this mental advantage to its offspring
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ①
47. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?47) [34번]
To find the hidden potential in teams, instead of
brainstorming, we’re better off ①shifting to a process
called brainwriting. The initial steps are solo. You start
by asking everyone ②to generate ideas separately.
Next, you pool them and share them anonymously
among the group. To preserve independent judgment,
each member evaluates them on their own. Only then
does the team ③comes together to select and refine the
most promising options. By developing and assessing
ideas individually before choosing and elaborating them,
teams can surface and advance possibilities that might
not get attention otherwise. This brainwriting process
makes sure ④that all ideas are brought to the table
and all voices are brought into the conversation. It
is especially effective in groups ⑤that struggle to
achieve collective intelligence.
* anonymously: 익명으로 ** surface: 드러내다
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
- 16 -
48. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?48) [35번]
①Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a
feeling that they are in control, that they have
genuine decision­making authority ― can radically
increase how much energy and focus they bring to
their jobs. One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in
Ohio, for instance, carefully ②examined assembly­line
workers who were empowered to make small decisions
about their schedules and work environment. They
designed their own uniforms and ③had authority over
shifts while all the manufacturing processes and pay
scales stayed the same. Within two months,
productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent, with
workers ④taken shorter breaks and making fewer
mistakes. ⑤Giving employees a sense of control
improved how much self­discipline they brought to
their jobs. * radically: 급격하게 ** shift: (근무) 교대
② ③ ④ ⑤
49. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?49) [36번]
As businesses shift some core business activities to
digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving, it is
assumed ①that the impact on the environment will be
less negative. However, digital business activities can
still threaten the environment. In some cases, the harm
of digital businesses can be ②even more hazardous. A
few decades ago, offices ③were used to have much
more paper waste since all documents were paper
based. When workplaces shifted from paper to digital
documents, invoices, and emails, it was a promising
step to save trees. However, the cost of the Internet
and electricity for the environment is neglected. A
recent Wired report declared that most data centers’
energy source is fossil fuels. When we store bigger
data on clouds, ④increased carbon emissions make our
green clouds gray. The carbon footprint of an email is
smaller than mail sent via a post office, but still, it
causes four grams of CO₂, and it can be ⑤as much as
50 grams if the attachment is big.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
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50. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?50) [37번]
As Britain’s red and grey squirrels provide a clear
example. When the grey arrived from America in the
1870s, both squirrel species competed for the same
food and habitat, ①which put the native red squirrel
populations under pressure. The grey had the edge
because it can adapt its diet; it is able, for instance, ②to
eat green acorns, while the red can only digest mature
acorns. Within the same area of forest, grey squirrels can
destroy the food supply before red squirrels even have a
bite. Greys can also live more ③densely and in varied
habitats, so have survived more easily when woodland ④
has destroyed. As a result, the red squirrel has come ⑤
close to extinction in England.
* edge: 우위 ** acorn: 도토리
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
51. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?51) [38번]
Growing crops forced people ①to stay in one place.
Hunter-gatherers typically moved around frequently,
and they had to be able to carry all their possessions
with them every time they moved. In particular,
mothers had to carry their young children. As a result,
hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one baby
every four years or so, ②spacing their births so that
they never had to carry more than one child at a time.
Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the same
place year after year and did not have to worry about
transporting young children long distances. Societies
that settled down in one place ③was able to shorten
their birth intervals from four years to about two. This
meant ④that each woman could have more children than
her hunter-gatherer counterpart, ⑤which in turn resulted
in rapid population growth among farming communities.
An increased population was actually an advantage to
agricultural societies, because farming required large
amounts of human labor.
* counterpart: (대응 관계에 있는) 상대
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
- 17 -
52. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?52) [39번]
Spending time as children allows animals ①to learn
about their environment. Without childhood, animals
must rely more fully on hardware, and therefore be less
flexible. Among migratory bird species, those that are born
②knowing how, when, and where to migrate — those that
are migrating entirely with instructions ③which they were
born — sometimes have very inefficient migration routes.
These birds, born knowing how to migrate, don’t adapt
easily. So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or
climate change pushes breeding grounds farther north,
those birds that are born knowing how to migrate keep
④flying by the old rules and maps. By comparison, birds
with the longest childhoods, and those that migrate with
their parents, ⑤tend to have the most efficient migration
routes. Childhood facilitates the passing on of cultural
information, and culture can evolve faster than genes.
Childhood gives flexibility in a changing world.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
53. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?53) [40번]
Over the last several decades, scholars have
developed standards for how best to create, organize,
present, and preserve digital information for future
generations. ①What has remained neglected for the most
part, however, are the needs of people with disabilities. As
a result, many of the otherwise most valuable digital
resources ②are useless for people who are deaf or hard
of hearing, as well as for people who are blind,
have low vision, or have difficulty ③distinguishing
particular colors. While professionals working in educational
technology and commercial web design have made
significant progress in meeting the needs of such users,
some scholars ④creates digital projects all too often fail
to take these needs into account. This situation would
be much improved if more projects embraced the idea
that we should always keep the largest possible
audience in mind as we make design decisions,
ensuring ⑤that our final product serves the needs of
those with disabilities as well as those without.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제

54. 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?54) [41~42번]

All humans, to an extent, seek activities that cause

a degree of pain in order to experience pleasure,
①whether this is found in spicy food, strong
massages, or stepping into a too­cold or too­hot
bath. The key is that it is a ‘safe threat’. The brain
perceives the stimulus ②to be painful but ultimately
non­threatening. Interestingly, this could be similar
to the way humor works: a ‘safe threat’ that causes
pleasure by playfully violating norms. We feel
uncomfortable, but safe. In this context, ③which
survival is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain
is actually the desire for a reward, not suffering or
punishment. This reward­like effect comes from the
feeling of mastery over the pain. The closer you look
at your chilli­eating habit, the more ④remarkable it
seems. When the active ingredient of chillies —
capsaicin — touches the tongue, it stimulates exactly
the same receptor that is activated when any of
these tissues are burned. Knowing that our body is
firing off danger signals, but that we are actually
completely safe, produces pleasure. All children start
off hating chilli, but many learn to derive pleasure
from it through repeated exposure and knowing that
they will never experience any real harm. Interestingly,
seeking pain for the pain itself ⑤appears to be
uniquely human. The only way scientists have trained
animals to have a preference for chilli or to self­harm
is to have the pain always directly associated with a
pleasurable reward.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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정답 및 해설
글의 요지, 주제문/제목 찾기 유형
1) ②: 본문은 어지러운 방이 부정적인 감정과 파괴적
인 생각을 초래할 수 있으며, 방을 청소하는 것이
삶의 변화를 시작하고 새로운 관점을 얻는 데 도움
이 될 수 있다고 강조합니다. 청소를 통해 긍정적인
분위기와 마음의 평화를 얻을 수 있다는 것이 주된
내용입니다.
2) ③: 본문은 비료와 관개를 통해 농장 토양이 단일재
배에 최적의 환경이 되도록 만들었으나, 이러한 조
건이 잡초와 같은 농업에 바람직하지 않은 것들을
유인한다는 점을 강조하고 있습니다. 비료와 물이
풍부한 농장은 잡초에게도 매력적인 장소가 된다는
것이 주된 내용입니다.
3) ③: 본문은 작은 친절한 행동, 예를 들어 외로운 사람
과 함께 앉아주는 것, 또는 지나가는 사람에게 인사하
는 것이 그들의 행복을 크게 증진시킬 수 있다고 강
조하고 있습니다. 따라서, 주된 내용은 작은 친절이
사람들의 행복에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점입니다.
4) ③: 본문은 사람들이 도전을 회피하고 쉬운 길을 선
택하려는 경향이 있지만, 진정한 성공과 숙련은 어려
움과 고난을 통해 얻어진다고 강조하고 있습니다. 성
공적인 운동선수들이 더 나은 장비가 아닌, 고난을
통해 강인함과 기술을 습득하고, 정신적 준비와 전
략, 그리고 기술을 통해 성공한다고 설명하고 있습니
다. 따라서, 본문의 주된 내용은 고난과 어려움이 진
정한 성공과 숙련을 위해 필수적이라는 점입니다.
5) ④: 본문은 사람들이 자신의 정체성에 대한 믿음이
있을 때, 그 믿음에 따라 행동하는 경향이 있다고 설
명하고 있습니다. 따라서, 주된 내용은 사람의 행동
이 그들의 정체성과 자신에 대한 믿음을 반영한다는
점입니다.
6) ⑤: 본문은 초기 사냥채집 사회의 인간 유물을 조사
한 결과, 조상들이 풍부한 음식을 쉽게 얻고, 노력이
크지 않았으며 거의 질병이 없었다고 주장합니다. 반
면, 농업마을에서는 밭일이 힘들었고 전염병이 처음
으로 발생했다고 설명하고 있습니다. 이러한 배경 아
래에서 초기 농업과 정착의 이유와 결과에 대해 논
의하며, 사냥채집 생활이 초기 농업 사회에 비해 건
강하고 노동 강도가 적었다는 점이 주된 내용입니다.
7) ③: 이 글은 사람들이나 동물이 미래의 소비를 위해
- 51 -
자원을 저축하는 행동을 설명하고 있습니다. 이 행
동은 즉각적인 보상을 포기하고 미래의 보상을 선호
하는 것을 나타냅니다. 그러나 때로는 유혹에 의해
계획했던 목적보다 일찍 저축을 사용하는 경우가 발
생한다고 설명합니다. 따라서, 저축 행동이 미래의
보상을 선호하지만, 유혹으로 인해 조기 소비가 발
생할 수 있다는 점을 강조한 ③번이 정답입니다.
8) ①: 본문은 중단이 생산성과 창의성에 미치는 영향
을 다루고 있습니다. 예를 들어, 마틴 루터 킹 주니
어와 사무엘 테일러 콜리지의 사례를 통해 중단이
예술적 창작에 어떻게 영향을 미쳤는지 설명하고
있습니다. 또한, 중요한 업무를 수행하는 의사, 간
호사, 제어실 운영자, 주식 거래자, 비행사 등의 전
문가들도 중단이 그들의 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치
는지 다루고 있습니다. 이러한 맥락에서 본문의 주
된 내용은 중단이 생산성과 창의성에 깊은 영향을
미칠 수 있다는 점입니다.
9) ②: 본문은 다양한 과학적 증거를 통해 주의를 집중
하는 것이 뇌의 구조를 재구성할 수 있음을 보여주
고 있습니다. 예를 들어, 동물들이 특정 소리를 주
목하는 행동이나 시각적 능력을 강화하는 행동이
뇌의 해당 영역을 더 크게 만든다는 사례를 들고
있습니다. 따라서, 본문의 주된 내용은 다양한 활동
과 집중된 주의가 뇌의 특정 영역에 신체적 변화를
일으킬 수 있다는 점입니다.
10) ⑤: 본문은 인간 정신이 진화하는 과정에서 인간
부족족 간의 경쟁과 충돌이 중요한 역할을 한 것으
로 제안합니다. 경쟁과 충돌은 생존을 위한 전략을
계획하고 실행하는 데 필수적이었고, 이러한 과정에
서 더 나은 사고 능력이 발전하였다고 설명하고 있
습니다. 따라서, 본문의 주된 내용은 인간 정신의
진화는 인간 부족족 간의 경쟁과 충돌에서 중요한
영향을 받았을 것이라는 점입니다.
11) ③: 본문은 브레인라이팅이 브레인스토밍보다 팀의
숨겨진 잠재력을 발휘하는 데 더 효과적인 방법임
을 설명하고 있습니다. 브레인라이팅은 개별적으로
아이디어를 생성하고, 그것들을 익명으로 공유하며
개별적으로 평가한 후, 팀이 모여서 가장 유망한 옵
션을 선택하고 세부화하는 과정을 포함합니다. 이
방법을 통해 팀은 개별적으로 아이디어를 개발하고
평가한 후, 그 중에서 가치 있는 가능성을 가진 아
이디어를 도출할 수 있습니다. 따라서, 본문의 주된
내용은 브레인라이팅이 팀의 숨겨진 잠재력을 더
잘 발휘할 수 있는 방법이라는 점입니다.
12) ⑤: 본문은 직원들에게 자유롭게 결정할 수 있는
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
능력을 부여하는 것이 그들의 직무 성과를 현저히
향상시킬 수 있다고 설명하고 있습니다. 따라서, 본
문의 주된 내용은 직원들에게 자유롭게 결정할 수
있는 능력을 부여하는 것이 그들의 직무 성과를 크
게 향상시킬 수 있다는 점입니다.
13) ③: 이 글은 디지털 비즈니스 활동이 환경에 미치
는 영향을 설명하고 있습니다. 종이에서 디지털로의
전환이 긍정적인 변화를 가져왔지만, 인터넷과 전기
를 사용하는 디지털 활동 또한 환경에 해를 끼칠
수 있다는 점을 강조합니다. 따라서 디지털 비즈니
스 활동이 때로는 전통적인 방법보다 더 해로울 수
있다는 ③번이 정답입니다.
14) ①: 본문은 회색 다람쥐가 1870년대에 미국에서 영
국으로 들어와서 붉은 다람쥐와 같은 음식과 서식
지를 경쟁하며 붉은 다람쥐 인구에 압력을 가했고,
회색 다람쥐가 생존에 유리한 장점을 가지고 있음
을 설명하고 있습니다. 회색 다람쥐는 더 어린 도토
리를 먹을 수 있고, 더 밀집된 환경에서 살아남을
수 있는 등의 특성을 가지고 있어서 영국 내 붉은
다람쥐 인구가 멸종에 가까워지고 있다고 설명하고
있습니다. 따라서, 본문의 주된 내용은 영국에 회색
다람쥐가 들어오면서 원산지인 붉은 다람쥐의 생존
이 위협받고 있다는 점입니다.
15) ②: 이 글은 농업 사회와 수렵 채집 사회의 생활 방
식과 출산 간격의 차이를 설명하고 있습니다. 농업 사
회가 정착 생활을 하면서 출산 간격을 줄일 수 있었고,
그로 인해 인구가 빠르게 증가했으며, 이는 농업에 필
요한 노동력을 제공했다고 말합니다. 따라서 농업 사회
가 출산 간격을 단축해 인구 증가와 농업 노동력의 증
가로 이어졌다는 점을 강조한 ②번이 정답입니다.
16) ②: 본문은 어린 시절을 보내는 것이 동물들에게 환
경에 대해 배우고 적응할 수 있는 기회를 제공한다
고 설명합니다. 특히 이주하는 새들의 경우, 부모와
함께 배우는 새들이 더 효율적인 이주 경로를 가지
며, 이는 문화적 정보가 유전자보다 빠르게 진화할
수 있음을 강조합니다. 반면, 태어날 때부터 이주 경
로를 알고 있는 새들은 변화하는 환경에 쉽게 적응
하지 못한다고 설명하고 있습니다. 따라서, 본문의
주된 내용은 어린 시절이 동물들이 변화하는 환경에
적응하고 배우는 데 중요한 역할을 한다는 점입니다.
17) ②: 본문은 디지털 정보를 창작, 조직, 제공, 보존하
는 과정에서 장애가 있는 사람들의 필요가 종종 간
과되었다고 설명합니다. 청각 장애인이나 시각 장애
인 등의 사용자는 가치 있는 디지털 자원을 이용할
수 없는 경우가 많다고 지적하고 있습니다. 교육 기
술 및 상업적 웹 디자인 분야에서 일부 진전이 있었
- 52 -
지만, 여전히 많은 학자들이 디지털 프로젝트를 만들
때 이러한 필요를 고려하지 않는다고 언급합니다. 따
라서, 본문의 주된 내용은 디지털 정보의 창작 과정
에서 장애가 있는 사람들의 필요가 종종 무시되고
있다는 점입니다.
18) ③: 본문은 사람들이 '안전한 위협'을 통해 고통을
경험하면서도 궁극적으로 해를 입지 않는 상황에서
즐거움을 찾는다는 내용을 설명합니다. 매운 음식,
강한 마사지, 너무 차갑거나 뜨거운 목욕 등이 그
예시로 언급됩니다. 이러한 자극은 고통스럽지만 궁
극적으로 해가 없다는 인식 때문에 즐거움을 주며,
이는 유머가 작용하는 방식과 유사합니다. 고통을
통해 보상을 느끼는 것은 고통에 대한 통제감을 갖
기 때문이라고 설명합니다. 본문에서는 또한 매운
음식을 싫어했던 아이들이 반복적인 노출을 통해 매
운 음식에서 즐거움을 찾는 방법도 설명하고 있습니
다. 따라서, 주된 내용은 안전한 고통에 대한 욕구
가 즐거움과 통제감을 가져올 수 있다는 점입니다.
글의 내용파악, 일치/불일치 유형
19) ④: 본문에서는 어수선한 방이 부정적인 감정과 파
괴적인 사고를 유발할 수 있으며, 전문가와 심리학
자들이 어수선한 방이 무질서한 정신 상태를 나타
낼 수 있다고 설명합니다. 방을 청소하는 순간 삶이
변화하고 새로운 관점을 얻을 수 있으며, 정리된 환
경이 긍정적이고 좋은 분위기를 조성한다고 말합니
다. 따라서, 주변을 정리하는 것이 효율성과 깔끔함
에 영향을 미치지 않는다는 ④번 선택지는 본문의
내용과 맞지 않습니다.
20) ③: 본문에서는 지난 50년 동안 전 세계의 관개 능
력이 거의 두 배로 증가했다고 명시하고 있습니다.
따라서 관개 능력이 그대로 유지되었다는 ③번 선
택지는 본문의 내용과 맞지 않습니다.
21) ⑤: 본문에서는 다른 사람을 돕는 데 많은 노력과
시간이 필요하지 않으며, 단순히 관심을 보여주는 것
만으로도 큰 차이를 만들 수 있다고 설명합니다. 따
라서, 다른 사람을 돕는 데 많은 노력과 시간이 필요
하다는 ⑤번 선택지는 본문의 내용과 맞지 않습니다.
22) ④: 이 글에서는 성공한 스포츠 선수들이 승리를
위해 주로 더 좋은 장비에 의존하지 않는다고 강조
하고 있습니다. 대신, 그들의 승리는 정신적 준비,
승리를 위한 마인드셋, 전략, 그리고 어려움과 투쟁
을 통해 발전된 기술에서 비롯된다고 설명하고 있
습니다. 성공한 선수들은 경험하는 고난과 도전을
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
통해 힘과 기술을 발전시키며 이것이 그들의 성공
의 주된 원인이라고 합니다.
23) ③: 이 글에서는 행동이 주로 자신의 정체성을 반
영한다고 설명하고 있습니다. 즉, 사람들이 어떤 행
동을 취하느냐는 그들이 자신이 누구인지에 대해
어떤 식으로든지 의식적이든 비의식적이든 믿는 방
식을 반영한다는 것입니다. 연구에 따르면 한 사람
이 자신의 정체성의 특정 측면을 믿게 되면, 그들은
그 믿음에 따라 더 많은 행동을 취할 가능성이 있
다고 합니다. 예를 들어, "유권자임을 자처하는" 사
람들은 단순히 "투표하기를 원하는" 행동을 단순히
주장하는 사람들보다 더 자주 투표를 할 가능성이
높다고 설명하고 있습니다.
24) ③: 이 글에서는 사냥채집 생활이 초기 인간 사회
에 매우 이로웠다고 주장하고 있습니다. 초기 사냥
채집 인류 사회의 인간 유해를 조사한 결과, 우리
선조들은 과잉 노력 없이 풍부한 식량을 즐기고 거
의 질병에 시달리지 않았다는 것을 시사합니다. 이
러한 사실이 사실이라면, 왜 많은 인간들이 영구 마
을에 정착하고 농업을 발전시키며 작물을 재배하고
짐승을 길러왔는지 명확하지 않습니다. 농경은 밭
일을 수고스럽게 하였고, 농촌에서 처음으로 전염병
이 발생하기 시작했습니다. 농촌과 농업의 발전이
인간 삶에 미친 직접적인 영향은 무엇이든지, 인구
밀도가 높아지는 결과를 이끌었습니다. 이 시기는
신석기 시대라고 불리며, 인간 발전의 중대한 전환
점으로, 최초의 도시와 마을 성장을 열었으며, 결국
정착된 "문명"으로 이어졌습니다.
25) ④: 이 글에서는 사람들이나 동물이 미래의 소비를
위해 저축하는 행동을 설명하며, 이는 지연된 보상
을 선호하는 것을 나타낸다고 합니다. 그러나 때때
로 유혹에 의해 계획했던 목적보다 일찍 저축해 놓
은 것을 사용하는 경우가 발생할 수 있다고 말합니
다. 따라서 "저축한 것을 항상 처음 의도한 대로 사
용한다"는 ④번은 옳지 않습니다.
26) ⑤: 이 글에서는 여러 전문직에 걸쳐 갑작스러운
방해가 중대한 결과를 초래할 수 있다고 명확히 언
급하고 있습니다. 예컨대, 의사, 간호사, 제어실 운
영자, 주식 거래원, 비행사 등의 전문 직종에서 갑
작스러운 방해가 큰 영향을 미치며, 일상적인 사람
들에게도 일의 생산성을 저하시키고 스트레스 수준
을 높일 수 있다고 설명하고 있습니다.
27) ③: 본문에서는 바이올리니스트의 뇌 스캔이 왼손
을 대표하는 피질의 영역에서 극적인 성장과 확장
- 53 -
을 보여준다고 명시하고 있습니다. 왼손은 줄을 정
확하게 누르는 역할을 하기 때문입니다. 따라서, 선
택지 ③은 오른손이 이러한 성장과 확장을 보여준
다고 잘못 기술하고 있습니다.
28) ③: 본문에서는 인간의 정신이 생존을 위한 투쟁에
서 훨씬 더 결정적인 무기가 되었다고 명시하고 있
습니다. 따라서, 선택지 ③은 본문의 내용과 반대되
는 잘못된 진술입니다.
29) ③: 본문에서는 브레인라이팅 과정에서 팀원들이
독립적인 판단을 유지하기 위해 각자 아이디어를
평가한다고 명시하고 있습니다. 따라서, 선택지 ③
은 아이디어를 집단적으로 평가한다고 잘못 기술하
고 있습니다.
30) ④: 본문에서는 노동자들이 유니폼과 교대 근무에
대한 통제권을 가지게 된 후, 두 달 이내에 생산성
이 20% 증가했다고 명시하고 있습니다. 따라서, 선
택지 ④은 잘못된 진술입니다.
31) ②: 이 글은 디지털 비즈니스 활동이 환경에 미치는
영향을 설명하고 있으며, 디지털 활동이 환경에 여전
히 해로울 수 있다고 명확히 언급하고 있습니다. 따
라서 "디지털 비즈니스 활동이 환경에 영향을 미치지
않는다"는 ②번은 옳지 않습니다.
32) ⑤: 본문에서는 회색 다람쥐가 그린 도토리를 먹을
수 있는 반면, 레드 다람쥐는 성숙한 도토리만 소화
할 수 있다고 명시하고 있습니다. 따라서, 선택지
⑤은 레드 다람쥐가 그린 도토리를 먹을 수 없다는
잘못된 진술입니다
33) ③: 이 글에서는 농부들이 해마다 같은 곳에 거주
하며 어린 아이들을 먼 거리에 걸쳐 운반할 필요가
없다고 명확히 언급하고 있습니다. 따라서 "농부들
이 어린 아이들을 먼 거리까지 운반해야 했다"는 ③
번이 옳지 않으며, 정답입니다.
34) ③: 본문에서는 태어날 때 이주 방법을 알고 있는
새들이 예전의 규칙과 지도에 따라 날아가는 경향
이 있어서 호수가 말라들거나 기후 변화로 번식 지
역이 이동할 때 새로운 상황에 어렵게 적응할 수
있다고 언급하고 있습니다. 따라서, 선택지 ③은 잘
못된 진술입니다.
35) ④: 본문에서는 교육 기술과 상업 웹 디자인 분야
에서 장애인 사용자의 필요를 충족시키기 위해 상
당한 진전이 이루어졌다고 언급하고 있습니다. 따라
서, 선택지 ④는 전문가들이 장애인 사용자의 필요
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제
를 일반적으로 무시했다는 내용과 반대되는 잘못된
진술입니다.
36) ⑤: 본문에서는 고추나 자해와 같은 고통을 선호하
는 행동을 동물들에게 학습시키려면 항상 그 고통
이 쾌락적인 보상과 직접적으로 연결되어야 한다고
명시하고 있습니다. 따라서, 선택지 ⑤은 동물들이
고추를 선호하거나 자해로 정답입니다.
문법성 판단하기 유형
37) ④: (say → says), 주어는 One of the professional
tidying experts에서 One이 주어이므로 술어동사는
says로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바른 수일치 형태입니다.
38) ④: (are loading → are loaded), “Because farm
fields are loaded with nutrients and water
relative to the natural land.“ “농지는 주위를 둘
러싼 자연 지대에 비해 영양분과 물이 풍족히 채워져 있
기 때문에 그 지역의 어떤 잡초라도 원하는 고급 부동산
이 된다.”로 해석되어 지므로 수동형태인 “loaded”가 어
법상 올바른 형태임.
39) ③: (feels → feel), “There are too many people
out in the world who feel like everyone has
forgotten them.“에서 선행사는 “people”이므로
동사는 feel로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바른 수일치 형태임.
40) ⑤: (what → that), It~that 강조 구문으로써 “It’s the
mental preparation, winning mindset, strategy, and
skill that set them apart.”에서 선행사는 “the mental
preparation, winning mindset, strategy, and skill”이
므로 관계대명사 “that 또는 which”로 고쳐 써야 어법상
올바른 형태임.
41) ④: (them → themselves), “The person who accepts
exercise as the part of their identity doesn’t have
to convince themselves to train.”에서 주어(the
person)와 목적어(themselves)가 같은 대상이므로 재귀대
명사 “themselves”로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바른 형태임.
42) ⑤: (settling → settled), “결국 정착된 “문명”으로 이
어졌다.”로 해석 되어 지므로 과거분사인 “settled”로 고쳐
써야 어법상 올바른 형태임.
43) ⑤: (is appeared → appears), appear은 완전 자동사로
수동태로 표현되지 않는 동사이므로 “appears”로 고쳐 써
야 올바른 형태입니다.
44) ③: (unfinishing → unfinished), “He forgot his
inspiration and left the work unfinished”에서 “그
- 54 -
는 영감을 잊고 작품을 미완성으로 남겼다.”로 해석되어지
므로 “unfinished”로 고쳐 써야 올바른 형태입니다.
45) ⑤: (what → that), “The point is that the
physical architecture of the brain changes
according to where we direct our attention
and what we practice doing.”에서 선행사가 없고
완전한 문장이 이어지므로 “what”을 “that”으로 고쳐야
어법상 올바른 형태입니다.
46) ③: (possessing → possessed), “A human tribe
that could out­think its enemies, even
slightly, possessed a vital advantage.”에서 주어
는 A human tribe이고 주어에 대한 동사가 없으므로 과
거동사인 “possessed”로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바른 형태입
니다.
47) ③: (comes → come), “Only then does the team
come together to select and refine the most
promising options.”에서 도치구문이고 only 뒤에 조동
사 (does)가 나오므로 동사원형 형태인 “come”으로 고
쳐써야 어법상 올바른 형태입니다.
48) ③: (taken → taking), “Within two months,
productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent,
[with workers taking] shorter breaks and making
fewer mistakes.” “with 분사 구문에서 목적어 (workers)
와 분사(taking)가 능동 관계로 해석되어 지므로 현재분사
인 “taking” 으로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바른 형태입니다.
49) ③: (were used to → used to), “~하곤 했다”의미를 지
니는 조동사로 표현되어야 하므로 “used to” 또는
“would”로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바른 형태임.
50) ④: (has destroyed → has been destroyed), “so have
survived more easily when woodland has been
destroyed”에서 “삼림이 파괴되었을 때 더 쉽게 살아남았
다.”로 해석 되어 지므로 수동형태인 “has been
destroyed”로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바른 형태입니다.
51) ③: (was → were), 주어가 Societies이므로 술어동사는
were 로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바른 수일치 형태임.
52) ③: (which → with which), “instructions with which they
were born” 또는 “instructions (which/that/생략) they
were born with”로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바른 형태입니다.
53) ④: (creates → creating), “some scholars creating
digital projects all too often fail to take these
needs into account.”에서 동사가 fail 이므로 creat는
분사(creating) 후치 수식 형태로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바
 [2024년 6월] 고1 전국연합학력평가 – 유형별 변형문제

른 문장 구조가 됩니다.

54) ③: (which → where), “In this context, where survival

is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain is
actually the desire for a reward,”에서 선행사(this
context)가 있고 완전한 문장이 이어지므로 관계부사인
where 로 고쳐 써야 어법상 올바른 형태입니다.

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