CHCDIV001_Student Assessment Task 1 - Questioning

Student Assessment
ASSESSMENT TASK 1 – QUESTIONING

Student Details
Student ID 16808 Group 9

Student Name Nicomar Sabiano
Conditions of  The student will have access to the relevant learning resources, listed under
Assessment the learning resource of this document, for this assessment.
 Questions will be completed in the student’s own time.
 Responses to the questions must be typed.
Student  This task requires you to complete a written response knowledge assessment.
Instructions for  You are required to answer all questions correctly in Assessment Task 1 –
completion Questioning.
 The questions within this assessment relate directly to the integrated
knowledge contained within the unit of competencies and are fundamental to
the student’s knowledge and performance evidence. Use of correct grammar
and spelling is required to demonstrate foundation skills, so please ensure to
proofread your answers prior to submission.
 You may have up to three (3) attempts to receive a Satisfactory outcome for
this assessment.
 Failure to receive the Satisfactory outcome after the three (3) attempts, the
result for the unit will be deemed Not Yet Satisfactory, and you must re-enroll
and repeat the unit to be eligible to be assessed again.
 APA referencing must be used where original sources have been used. Do
not copy and paste text from any of the online sources. SCEI has a strict
plagiarism policy and students who are found guilty of plagiarism, will be
penalised.
 The written assessment standards (8.2) outlined in the PP77 Assessment
policy and procedure apply to this assessment task.
Explanation of the  List / identify / state / give/provide = present in brief form

common command  Outline = provide the main facts about something, more than naming, but not
words used in the a detailed description
Assessment Task  Describe = Provide full details of characteristics and/or features, more
needed than an outline or than a list
 Explain / Discuss = Provide a reasonable argument to discuss cause and
effect and/or make links between things clear in your own words
 Analyse = Identify parts, the relationship between them, and their
relationships with the whole. Draw out and relate implications
 Demonstrate = Present, show or illustrate through example or action
CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

CHCDIV001 Work with diverse people
Page 9 of 102 RTO Number 121952
CHC30121 Certificate III in Early Childhood Education and Care
Student Assessment - Version 2.0
Student Assessment
Assessment  You will be provided with a briefing on the assessment and the opportunity to
Procedure seek clarification on the conduct of the assessment.
 You may seek clarification at any point in time during the assessment task. If
you feel you need more time to complete the assessment, you must negotiate
the time needed with the assessor prior to the assessment due date.
 Following the assessment, your responses will be assessed and marked as
appropriate. Where responses have been assessed in one (1) or more
questions as unsatisfactory, students will be required to resubmit these
questions. For more information, detailed information can be found in PP77
Assessment Policy and Procedure
Due Date  14 days after the unit completion date as outlined in the PP77 Assessment
Policy and Procedure.
The Assessment Task
This task requires the student to complete a written response knowledge assessment involving response
questions. The student is expected to respond to all aspects of each question and case study. In some cases,
direction is provided on the expected length of the response. These assessments will require a Short, Medium
or Long response.
The following is a guide to the expected number of words for each of these categories:
Direct Questions/ Definitions/ List Word limit not applicable
Short 40-50+ words
Medium 60-150+ words
Long 150-300+ words
Assessment Task 1: Research Task
1. Provide a definition of the concept of diversity (Short)
Diversity is about what makes each of us unique and includes our backgrounds, personality, life
experiences and beliefs, all of the things that make us who we are. It is a combination of our
differences that shape our view of the world, our perspective and our approach. Diversity is also
about recognising, respecting and valuing differences based on ethnicity, gender, age, race, religion,
disability and sexual orientation. It also includes an infinite range of individual unique characteristics
and experiences, such as communication style, career path, life experience, educational
background, geographic location, income level, marital status, parental status and other variables
that influence personal perspectives.
Diversity (2023). What is diversity? Retrieved from

https://www.vic.gov.au/dpc-diversity-and-inclusion-strategy-2019-2021/what-do-we-mean-diversity-a
nd-inclusion

Student Assessment
2. Diversity means more than just acknowledging and/or tolerating differences. Identify and briefly explain
three (3) characteristics of someone who is implementing the conscious practice of diversity into their
workplace role: (Short)
1. Diverse employee backgrounds
-The employees’ backgrounds are based on factors such as their race, ethnicity, religion, age, gender identity, sexual orientation, marital status, disability, and neurodiversity. Most of these
characteristics are protected from discrimination under the Equality Act 2010, including in the workplace. Employees who possess these characteristics are treated equally regardless of their
backgrounds. Employers can ensure they hire individuals from various backgrounds by publishing job advertisements in newspapers rather than the internet.
2. Diverse abilities and skills
-Employers who wish to create a more diverse workplace can undertake diversity training to improve their ability of dealing with a wide range of situations. They can also enhance cultural
awareness, confront unconscious bias, mitigate microaggressions, and combat stereotypes.
3. Diverse ways of thinking
-An employer who implements processes that celebrate thought diversity means opening themselves to the idea that their ways of thinking are not the best ways. Re-ordering their day-to-day
operations can improve thought diversity by making the workplace more accessible to a larger group of people. A diverse workplace enables employees to express their perspectives and
needs in a way that makes them feel safe.
Diverse Workplace (2022). Characteristics & Traits of a Diverse Workplace. Retrieved from https://exceptionalindividuals.com/about-us/blog/characteristics-traits-of-a-diverse-workplace/#:~:
text=Diversity%20in%20the%20workplace%20is,marital%20status%2C%20and%20educational%20backgrounds.
3. Provide a description of the following: (Short)

a. Cultural Awareness
Cultural awareness is sensitivity to the similarities and differences that exist between two
different cultures and the use of this sensitivity in effective communication with members
of another cultural group.
Cultural Awareness (2023). What is cultural awareness? Retrieved from

https://www.heti.nsw.gov.au/education-and-training/courses-and-programs/international-
medical-graduate-information/cultural-awareness
b. Cultural Safety
Cultural safety involves actions that recognise, respect and nurture the unique cultural identity of a
person and safely meet their needs, expectations and rights. It means working from the cultural
perspective of the other person, not from your own perspective.
Cultural Safety (2023). What is cultural safety? Retrieved from

https://www.heti.nsw.gov.au/education-and-training/courses-and-programs/international-medical-gra
duate-information/cultural-awareness
c. Cultural Competence
Cultural competence means becoming aware of the cultural differences that exist,
appreciating and having an understanding of those differences and accepting them. It
also means being prepared to guard against accepting your own behaviours, beliefs and
actions as the norm.
Cultural Competence (2023). What is cultural competence? Retrieved from

https://www.heti.nsw.gov.au/education-and-training/courses-and-programs/international-
medical-graduate-information/cultural-awareness

Student Assessment
4. (a) Explain how cultural awareness, cultural safety and cultural competence impact the role of an early
childhood educator when working in the early childhood setting with people (including children, families,
co-workers and external agency staff) from diverse social and cultural backgrounds. (Short)
Impact on the Work Environment and the Role of Early Childhood educator
Cultural awareness fosters effective communication and improves employee morale and performance.
Therefore, every organisation should prioritise improving cultural awareness. A more culturally diverse and
Cultural inclusive environment allows employees to collaborate and interact more easily, effectively, and respectfully
Awareness Cultural Awareness (2022). Why is Cultural Awareness Important In The Workplace? Retrieved from
https://www.evolves.com.au/why-is-cultural-awareness-important-in-workplace/#:~:text=Cultural%20awareness
%20fosters%20effective%20communication,easily%2C%20effectively%2C%20and%20respectfully.
A culturally safe workplace has a defined set of values and principles, and demonstrates behaviours, attitudes, policies, and structures
that enable all workers to work effectively cross-culturally.
In a culturally safe workplace all workers feel comfortable, supported and respected. Workers will feel they can contribute to all
appropriate discussions, they will work safer and be more productive.
Cultural Safety In the diverse environments in which we all live and work, the importance of being culturally safe at work cannot be underestimated.
Cultural Safety (2023) Culturally safe workplaces. Retrieved from

https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/safety-starts-here/our-aboriginal-program/culturally-safe-workplaces#:~:text=In%20a%20culturally%
20safe%20workplace,safer%20and%20be%20more%20productive.
Cultural competence in the work environment can help managers and employees communicate
effectively and coordinate better with colleagues and customers. It can also enhance engagement
Cultural with other team members and customers, along with increasing overall team performance.
Competence
Cultural Competence (2021). The Benefits of Cultural Competence in the Workplace. Retrieved
from https://www.evolves.com.au/benefits-of-cultural-competence-workplace/#:~:text=Cultural%
20competence%20in%20the%20work,with%20increasing%20overall%20team%20performance.
(b) How you can improve upon your own self and social awareness? Provide one example for each of
the cultural components in the space provided below:
Ways to Improve Self and Social Awareness
Promote culturally sensitive communication skills

-Effective communication is a crucial skill when it comes to managing diversity in the workplace. How you communicate with others, both verbally and non-verbally, can
make or break a deal. While it’s ideal if your employees know the language of the country you’re doing business with, effective communication is still possible even if they
don’t. It all starts with having a thorough understanding of the local culture, which can help avoid misunderstandings and build stronger relationships.
Cultural
Here is a common cultural awareness example: if you have gloabl customers or employees who don’t speak English fluently, it’s important to provide guidance to your staff
Awareness members on how to communicate effectively. This could involve encouraging them to stick to the point, use simple language, and avoid using humour and colloquialisms
that may be difficult to understand. It’s also helpful to have your English-speaking employees ask for clarification when necessary, whether it’s through email, phone,
webcam, or face-to-face interaction. By doing so, you can prevent misunderstandings and mistakes, and ensure that all parties are on the same page.
How to Improve Cultural Competence in the Workplace? (2023). 7 Strategies for driving cultural awareness in the in the workplace. Retrieved from
https://deakinco.com/resource/seven-practices-you-can-implement-to-increase-cultural-awareness-in-the-workplace/
An important principle of cultural safety is that it doesn’t ask people to focus on the cultural dimensions of any culture other than
their own. Instead, cultural safety is primarily about examining our own cultural identities and attitudes, and being open-minded
and flexible in our attitudes towards people from cultures other than our own. Identifying what makes someone else different is
simple - their English isn’t very good or they don’t do things in the same way as others (Morris 2010). Understanding our own
Cultural Safety culture, and its influence on how we think, feel and behave is much harder. However, in the increasingly multicultural
environments in which we all live and work, the importance of being culturally safe in what we do cannot be underestimated.
Williams, R. (1999). Cultural safety – what does it mean for our work practice? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public
Health, 23(2), 213-214.
Promote good manners in employees

-Promoting good manners in the workplace is an important aspect of building cultural awareness, improving emotional judgement and managing diversity.
Regardless of where you do business, demonstrating polite and respectful behaviour is crucial for building trust and forming strong relationships with clients and
Cultural colleagues from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Competence For instance, in some countries, using polite expressions such as “please” and “thank you” is a necessary part of business communication. By showing your
employees how to use these expressions in the appropriate context, you can demonstrate that your company values cultural competence and help them avoid
inadvertently causing offence.
How to Improve Cultural Competence in the Workplace? (2023). 7 Strategies for driving cultural awareness in the in the workplace. Retrieved from
https://deakinco.com/resource/seven-practices-you-can-implement-to-increase-cultural-awareness-in-the-workplace/

Student Assessment
5. Answer the following questions about political and economic diversity in Australia and how this can
impact different areas of work and life. (Medium)
a. How does the Australian Domestic Policy affect the work environment?
Domestic policy covers priorities that affect the lives of all Australians.
This work involves advising the Prime Minister, the Cabinet and Portfolio Ministers on
issues such as jobs and economic growth, the budget, industry, infrastructure,
agriculture, innovation, health, education and the environment.
Its aim is to provide the Government with high quality advice on how to make Australia
more prosperous, successful and stronger.
Domestic Policy (2023). What is domestic policy in Australia? Retrieved from

https://www.pmc.gov.au/domestic-policy
b. What impacts on the community do political leaders have when making public statements about diversity
in Australia? Particularly when different political figures hold such varying opinions?
For too long, the true value of Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity has been overlooked, eclipsed by competing
priorities of the corporate agenda. While systemic transformation can be hard to envision, and harder still to
unleash, the business case for Diversity and Inclusion is stronger than ever before, and pathways to action are
clearing.
The Diversity and Inclusion Forum is dedicated to better understanding and unlocking this value by drawing on the
shared experiences of Diversity and Inclusion Leaders from some the nation’s most respected businesses. The
Forum will feature the voices of international and local leaders of authority and proven success to drive this
mission-critical dialogue and attendees will walk away with practical, case-based insights into advancing and
innovating within their own Diversity, Inclusion and Equity programmes.
Diversity and Inclusion Forum (2023). Impact of political leaders on diversity. Retrieved from
https://diversityforum.com.au/?
gclid=Cj0KCQjwhfipBhCqARIsAH9msbkutKlqp-DWmjILxBQiQhFKuqrjW_q3uxAdInk8qANzYbXIC_MHTbcaAssqE
ALw_wcB
c. How has immigration contributed to economic diversity in Australia?

It is common knowledge that migration has had a positive economic, social and cultural impact on Australia. Generally speaking,
migrants and refugees show strong resilience and adaptability to new challenges and surroundings. They are willing to take menial job
when first settling. Also, many migrants and refugees show a disposition for hard work and sacrifices in order to establish themselves
in a new country. Their willingness to take hold of opportunities handed to them is shown in the way that their participation in TAFE
and University Life as well as new business has increased in the last 30 years. In addition, there is evidence that in spite of adverse
circumstances, they may continue to regard the safety and freedom offered to them in Australia in high regard.
Evidence of this is that in spite of the city of Fairfield being considered the second lowest socio‐ economic and health area by the
SEIFA measure, the majority of its residents consider themselves happy to live in this area and believe that one of the strongest
assets in the city is its diverse make up and community life according to the city wide customer service survey conducted yearly by
Fairfield City Council.
However, in order to feel safe and secure as well as a feeling of belonging, Fairfield residents also state in numerous consultations
and surveys that they rely on goods and services that remind them a little of their countries of origin and that they need support from
language specific and cultural friendly organisations in areas where they don’t have expertise or skills.
The Economic, Social and Cultural Impacts of Migration in Australia (2023). Impact of diversity in Australia. Retrieved from
https://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/house_of_representatives_committees?
url=mig/multiculturalism/subs/sub111.pdf

Student Assessment
6. Answer the following questions about social and cultural diversity in Australia; elaborate on how diversity
may affect different areas of work and life. (Medium)
a. How has immigration changed the cultural makeup of Australia over the past 3 decades?
The average Australian is at the same time both anxious and supportive of immigration, according to surveys
of the nation’s population. To increase or limit immigration is a polarising election issue amid anxieties over a
swelling population’s effect on the environment, congestion, housing prices, and the relative harmony of our
highly multicultural society. Over the past decade, Australia has seen a 2.5 million population rise, with a
growth of almost 400,000 people in the last year. The majority of last year’s increase – about 61 per cent net
growth – were immigrants. Different studies reveal vastly different attitudes. While Australians have become
progressively more concerned about a growing population, they still see its benefits, according to two
different surveys. In a survey recently conducted by the Australian National University, only 30 per cent of
Australians – compared to 45 per cent in 2010 – are in favour of population growth. The 15 per cent drop
over the past decade is credited to concerns about congested and overcrowded cities, and an expensive and
out-of-reach housing market. Nearly 90 per cent believed population growth should be parked because of
the high price of housing, and 85 per cent believed cities were far too congested and overcrowded already.
Pressure on the natural environment was also a major concern.But a Scanlon Foundation survey has
revealed that despite alarm over population growth, the majority of Australians still appreciate its benefits.
Australian attitudes to immigration: A love-hate relationship (2020). Cultural makeup of Australia. Retrieved
from https://www.thenewdaily.com.au/sponsored/2019/03/15/australian-attitudes-immigration
b. How has population diversity impacted the workforce and care services in Australia?
Inclusion is about creating a sense of belonging for everyone. It means recognising and valuing the
diversity of individuals and groups, and ensuring that everyone has equal access to opportunities
and resources. Inclusion is not just about physical access, but also about creating a culture of
respect and understanding. Inclusion can often be confused with integration. Integration means the
physical presence of individuals or groups into a larger society or organisation, while maintaining
their distinct cultural or social identities. This could look like specialised classes or segregated group
activities away from the main group in a school or sporting group or workplace, for example.
Inclusion, on the other hand, sees each person as unique and involves implementing changes that
benefit the whole community, and creating a new environment that is welcoming and supportive of
all individuals, regardless of their perceived differences.
Inclusion is important because it promotes diversity and helps to break down barriers between
different groups. It also helps to create a sense of community and belonging, which can have a
positive impact on mental health and well-being.
Inclusion: What is it and how to be inclusive (2023). The impact of diversity in the workplace.
Retrieved from https://www.inclusionwa.org.au/blog/inclusion-what-is-it-and-how-to-be-inclusive/?
gclid=Cj0KCQjwhfipBhCqARIsAH9msblyTUt5A3kCih772oYoHR_wIeyIei3r9rhMx5VjbIQD_Lv4Q87v
WXcaAp3FEALw_wcB
7. Research Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture and people to answer the following questions.
(Long)
a. Identify two (2) social, two (2) political, and two (2) economic issues affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander people. Provide an example of a program and/or project that the Australian Government or other
initiative group has implemented to address these issues.

Student Assessment
Program and Projects (at

Aspect Issues least one for each issue)
Significant risk factors that can impact on the social emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islander communities include:
Social
widespread grief and loss
impacts of the Stolen Generations and removal of children
unresolved trauma
separation from culture and identity issues
discrimination based on race or culture
economic and social disadvantage
physical health problems Connection to land, culture, spirituality and ancestry
incarceration
violence
substance misuse.
Risk factors affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (2022). Social
issues affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Retrieved from
https://www.beyondblue.org.au/who-does-it-affect/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander
-people/risk-factors#:~:text=Significant%20risk%20factors%20that%
20can,unresolved%20trauma
1. Recognition and Rights: The struggle for recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
people in Australia's constitution and their rights to land and culture is a significant political
Connection to land,
Political issue. This includes the push for a treaty and constitutional recognition. spirituality and ancestry
2. Health and Social Inequality: There are significant disparities in health, education, and
employment outcomes between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and
non-Indigenous Australians. These disparities are often linked to systemic racism and
discrimination.
3. Incarceration Rates: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are significantly
overrepresented in the Australian criminal justice system. This is a complex issue linked to
social disadvantage, systemic bias, and the ongoing impacts of colonization.
4. Cultural Preservation: The preservation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures,
languages, and heritage is a key political issue. This includes the protection of sacred sites and
the right to practice traditional customs and ceremonies.
5. Government Policies and Programs: The effectiveness and appropriateness of government
policies and programs aimed at 'closing the gap' between Indigenous and non-Indigenous
Australians is a contentious issue. There are concerns about a lack of consultation with
Indigenous communities and the imposition of 'top-down' solutions.
Political Issues Affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People (2023). Political Issues.
Retrieved from
https://www.studocu.com/en-au/messages/question/3261385/describe-political-issues-affecting-
aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-people
Economic Indigenous Australians remain the most disadvantaged and marginalised group Organize job fair
in Australia. On all the standard indicators of poverty and disadvantage,
Indigenous people emerge as the most socially and economically deprived.
Although poverty in Australia is evident among all ethnic groups, it is Indigenous

Australians who appear most profoundly affected by poverty. Research has
shown, over the past thirty years since the Henderson Inquiry into poverty, that
Indigenous Australians are significantly worse off than non-Indigenous
Australians, according to all social indicators...Not only is poverty deeply
entrenched, the causes are complex...despite government policies directed
towards achieving economic equality for Indigenous Australians, there has been
little improvement to their relative socioeconomic status, according to standard
social indicators
Economic Issues Affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People (2023).
Indigenous Australians. Retrieved from
https://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/senate/community
_affairs/completed_inquiries/2002-04/poverty/report/c13#:~:text=13.8%20A%
20number%20of%20major,in%20the%20criminal%20justice%20system.

Student Assessment
b. Read the key aspects of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture (listed below). Populate facts about
the key aspects of your own culture, then identify the potential impacts on Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islanders due to these cultural differences:
Key aspects of Aboriginal Key aspects of my Potential impacts due to

and Torres Strait Islander own culture cultural differences
People
Language Language Language

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are
not one homogeneous group – they are a
Their voices might not be
145 Aboriginal and Torres Strait hear or freedom of
diverse group of hundreds of nations (or
Islander languages are spoken cultural groups) and clans within those expression is very limited.
in Australia, however only 18 nations. It has been estimated that around
250 languages and 600 dialects were
remain strong (strong meaning spoken at the time of colonial invasion in
they are spoken by people of all 1788 in over 500 different nations, many
ages) with very different and distinctive cultures,
beliefs and languages.
History of Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islanders in Australia (2023). Language
spoken. Retrieved from
https://www.worldvision.com.au/global-issu
es/work-we-do/supporting-indigenous-aust
ralia/8-interesting-facts-about-indigenous-a
ustralia
Social (Marriage) Social (Marriage) Social (Marriage)

Marriage was a central feature of traditional Aboriginal
societies. The need to maintain populations and thereby to
ensure that there was always someone to attend sites and keep
They will have a little access
Aboriginal people have complex up traditions was matched by the desire to ensure that children
were produced according to the right family groups and the
to the services given by the
social and marriage laws, correct affiliations. For these purposes freedom of marriage was
restricted by the prohibitions against the marriage of certain
government to families
based on the grouping of close relatives and by the rule of exogamy, that is, marrying
outside one’s group. An important factor in determining the belonging in this group.
people with their society. Under parties to a marriage was the balancing of kinship obligations,
including reciprocal obligations between individuals, families or
Aboriginal law, a person cannot larger groups. The interests of the parties, and their attraction or
affection for each other, were considered subsidiary to these
marry someone else from within obligations. The creation of marriage alliances and the
obligations that this involved were closely linked with
their group. This custom (where relationships to the land. Spiritual affiliation with land included a
series of ritual obligations and duties often acquired through
a person has to marry outside inheritance in either the male or female line, or both. And
marriage was a primary means for maintaining attachment to
their group) is called exogamy land.
Marriage in Traditional Aboriginal Societies (2023). Marriage

aspect of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People.
Retrieved from
https://www.alrc.gov.au/publication/recognition-of-aboriginal-cus
tomary-laws-alrc-report-31/12-aboriginal-marriages-and-family-
structures/marriage-in-traditional-aboriginal-societies/
Religion Religion Religion

Aboriginal spirituality, even among those Aborigines who are closely
affiliated with and share the
beliefs of organised religions introduced to Australia, is still intrinsically
Separation from culture and
Aboriginal religion, like other linked to the ‘Dreaming’ or
Creation stories, the relationship with the land and certain sacred sites. identity issues.
religions, is characterised by Creation stories are very similar throughout Australia and describe
Ancestor Spirits and the
creation of local flora, fauna and landscapes. These stories are usually
having a god or gods who associated with specific
defined locations and confirm and validate territorial boundaries.
created people and the Indigenous Traditional Religions (2023). Religion of Aboriginal and Torres
surrounding environment during Strait Islander People. Retrieved from
http://www.globaldialoguefoundation.org/files/traditionalfaiths&beliefs.pdf

Student Assessment
a particular creation period at

the beginning of time.
Aboriginal people are very
religious and spiritual, but
rather than praying to a single
god, each group generally
believes in a number of
different deities. There is no
afterlife in Indigenous
Australian religions, and no
heaven or hell.
History History History

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are the first
peoples of Australia, meaning they were here for thousands of
years prior to colonisation.
Loss of traditional culture and
Aboriginal people are the oldest homelands to the forced
There are varying estimates for how long Aboriginal and Torres
surviving culture in the world, Strait Islander peoples have lived on this continent, however,
upwards of 60,000 years is what current research reveals.
removal of children and
having established ways of
The Torres Strait region is located between the tip of Cape York denial of citizenship rights.
managing their land and society and Papua New Guinea and is made up of over two hundred
islands. Seventeen of these islands are inhabited. There are
that were sustainable and also two Torres Strait Islander communities, Bamaga and
Seisia, on the northern peninsula area of mainland of Australia.
ensured good health. They The Torres Strait is also home to the Aboriginal Kaurareg
Nation who are the traditional inhabitants of Muralag (Prince of
have occupied Australia for at Wales Island), Kirriri (Hammond Island), Ngurupai (Horn Island)
and Waiben (Thursday Island).
least 60,000 years
Australia's First Peoples (2022). History of Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander people. Retrieved from
https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/australias-first-peoples
c. Read the key aspects of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture (listed below). Populate facts about
the key aspects of Western Systems and Culture, then identify the potential impacts on Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islanders due to these cultural differences.
Key aspects of Aboriginal Key aspects of Western Potential impacts due to
and Torres Strait Islander Systems and culture cultural differences
culture
Language Language Language

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are Their voices might not be
145 Aboriginal and Torres not one homogeneous group – they are a
Strait Islander languages are diverse group of hundreds of nations (or hear or freedom of
spoken in Australia, however cultural groups) and clans within those expression is very limited.
nations. It has been estimated that around
only 18 remain strong,
250 languages and 600 dialects were
meaning they are spoken by spoken at the time of colonial invasion in
people of all ages 1788 in over 500 different nations, many
with very different and distinctive cultures,
beliefs and languages.
History of Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Islanders in Australia (2023). Language
spoken. Retrieved from
https://www.worldvision.com.au/global-iss
ues/work-we-do/supporting-indigenous-au
stralia/8-interesting-facts-about-indigenou
s-australia

Student Assessment
Social (Marriage) Social (Marriage) Social (Marriage)

Marriage was a central feature of traditional
Aboriginal societies. The need to maintain They will have a little access
Aboriginal people have populations and thereby to ensure that there was to the services given by the
complex social and marriage always someone to attend sites and keep up
laws based on the grouping of traditions was matched by the desire to ensure government to families
that children were produced according to the right
people within their society. family groups and the correct affiliations. For
belonging in this group.
these purposes freedom of marriage was
Under Aboriginal law, a restricted by the prohibitions against the marriage
person cannot marry of certain close relatives and by the rule of
exogamy, that is, marrying outside one’s group.
someone else from within An important factor in determining the parties to a
their group. This custom, marriage was the balancing of kinship obligations,
including reciprocal obligations between
where a person has to marry individuals, families or larger groups. The
outside their group, is called interests of the parties, and their attraction or
affection for each other, were considered
exogamy. subsidiary to these obligations. The creation of
marriage alliances and the obligations that this
involved were closely linked with relationships to
the land. Spiritual affiliation with land included a
series of ritual obligations and duties often
acquired through inheritance in either the male or
female line, or both. And marriage was a primary
means for maintaining attachment to land.
Marriage in Traditional Aboriginal Societies

(2023). Marriage aspect of Aboriginal and Torres
Strait Islander People. Retrieved from
https://www.alrc.gov.au/publication/recognition-of-
aboriginal-customary-laws-alrc-report-31/12-abori
ginal-marriages-and-family-structures/marriage-in
-traditional-aboriginal-societies/
Religion Religion Religion

Aboriginal spirituality, even among Separation from culture and
Aboriginal religion, like other those Aborigines who are closely
identity issues.
religions, is characterised by affiliated with and share the
having a god or gods who beliefs of organised religions
created people and the introduced to Australia, is still
intrinsically linked to the ‘Dreaming’ or
surrounding environment
Creation stories, the relationship with
during a particular creation the land and certain sacred sites.
period at the beginning of Creation stories are very similar
time. throughout Australia and describe
Ancestor Spirits and the
Aboriginal people are very creation of local flora, fauna and
religious and spiritual, but landscapes. These stories are usually
associated with specific
rather than praying to a single
defined locations and confirm and
god, each group generally validate territorial boundaries.
believes in a number of
different deities. There is no Indigenous Traditional Religions
afterlife in Indigenous (2023). Religion of Aboriginal and
Australian religions and no Torres Strait Islander People.
Retrieved from
heaven or hell.
http://www.globaldialoguefoundation.
org/files/traditionalfaiths&beliefs.pdf

Student Assessment
History History History

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are the
first peoples of Australia, meaning they were here for Loss of traditional culture and
Aboriginal people are the thousands of years prior to colonisation.
homelands to the forced
oldest surviving culture in the
world, having established
There are varying estimates for how long Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander peoples have lived on this
removal of children and
ways of managing their land
continent, however, upwards of 60,000 years is what denial of citizenship rights.
current research reveals.
and society that were The Torres Strait region is located between the tip of
sustainable while ensuring Cape York and Papua New Guinea and is made up of
over two hundred islands. Seventeen of these islands
good health. They have are inhabited. There are also two Torres Strait Islander
communities, Bamaga and Seisia, on the northern
occupied Australia for at least peninsula area of mainland of Australia. The Torres
Strait is also home to the Aboriginal Kaurareg Nation
60,000 years. who are the traditional inhabitants of Muralag (Prince of
Wales Island), Kirriri (Hammond Island), Ngurupai (Horn
Island) and Waiben (Thursday Island).
Australia's First Peoples (2022). History of Aboriginal

and Torres Strait Islander people. Retrieved from
https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/australias-first-peoples
Lifestyle Lifestyle Lifestyle

Torres Strait Islanders have a distinct They will be discriminated
Aboriginal or Torres Strait culture which varies slightly within
Islanders were happier and each island or community.
based on their skin color, how
healthier because they led a they dressed up, the way
simple life with few They are a sea-faring people, and they look.
disruptions. engaged in trade with people of Papua
New Guinea. The culture is complex,
If they went out for a walk, it with some Australian elements,
meant they were walking. Papuan elements and Austronesian
elements (also seen in the languages
The used to eat real food; spoken).
food free from preservatives,
artificial sweeteners and Like Aboriginal people of mainland
Australia, Torres Strait Islanders are
genetically modified
traditionally agriculturalists and food is
ingredients.
supplemented through hunting and
gathering. Cooking and hunting is
Food was seasonal and distinct to the Torres Strait culture and
grown properly; with fewer is taught from a young age.
pesticides making it more
nutritious. More recent post-colonial history has
seen new cultural influences, most
Better Environment. notably Christianity.
Aboriginal or Torres Strait People of the Torres Strait have a long

Islanders use to live in a history of developing stories, crafts
healthier environment with and games, including:
less pollution.
Traditional dancing styles performed at
They led a more disciplined celebrations
life. storytelling and music (such as singing
and drumming) passed down from
They ate on time and slept on generation to generation.

Student Assessment
time. Culture, protocols & heritage

(2016). Aboriginal and Torres
Their immunity was better as
Strait Islander people lifestyle.
they inhaled fresh air.
Retrieved from
They had fewer distractions https://www.tsirc.qld.gov.au/our-
and mainly focused on work communities/culture-protocols-h
and family. eritage
d. Identify four (4) issues that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people face when engaging with Early
Childhood Education and Care Services:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are over-represented in child protection and
out-of-home care services compared to non-Indigenous1 children. The reasons for this
are complex and are connected to past policies and the legacy of colonisation. Poverty,
assimilation policies, intergenerational trauma and discrimination and forced child
removals have all contributed to the over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander children in care, as has a lack of understanding of the cultural differences in
child-rearing practices and family structure.
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission [HREOC], 1997; SNAICC, 2016a;
Titterton, 2017
8. Take into consideration the legal and ethical context of discrimination and answer the following
questions: (Medium)
a. As an early childhood educator, how do you ensure you do not discriminate against the children,
parents and co-educators?
Indigenous peoples and individuals are entitled to the full enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms
recognised in international law, and also the right to be free from discrimination in exercising these rights.
Governments must take effective measures to protect our right to non-discrimination and equality. The Declaration
recognises that while Indigenous peoples are equal to all other peoples, we also have the right to be different and to
be respected in our difference. In any area of life, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples must not be
discriminated against. The only instance that differential treatment is acceptable is when it undertaken to attempt to
secure substantive equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Substantive equality does not
necessarily dictate that every person or group of people should be treated exactly the same. Sometimes, to achieve
equality of outcomes and opportunities, policies or laws need to take into account the particular circumstances of
disadvantage which need to be addressed for true equality to be achieved. This includes consideration of the ongoing
effects of colonisation, dispossession and historic discrimination, as well as acknowledging and addressing the
systematic discrimination and racism is still experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today.
Australian Human Rights Commission (2023). Non-discrimination and equality. Retrieved from
https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-social-justice/non-discrimination-and-equality

Student Assessment
b. Describe at least three (3) cultural biases or social expectations which may exist when working with
each of the following individuals, the impact on the individual and the relevant Legislations, Acts or
Laws that are proclaimed by governments to help protect them.
Relevant
Individual Biases and expectations Impact
Laws/Act/Legislation
Someone of a Young people were asked about a range of issues related Mental health conditions include a broad range The Aboriginal Protection Act
of disorders varying in severity. However, the
young age to mental health in the Youth Survey 2019. effects on individuals and the family can be 1869 was an Act of the colony
Coping with stress, suicide, alcohol and drugs, body image profound. National data identified the top
and bullying were significant issues, both for conditions contributing to the of Victoria, Australia that
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous overall burden of disease in young Aboriginal established the Victorian
and Torres Strait Islander people as being
young people. mental health-related Central Board for the
While over half (51.4%) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait conditions, including suicide and self-inflicted Protection of Aborigines, to
Islander respondents felt happy/very happy overall injuries, anxiety disorders, alcohol use
disorders, and replace the Central Board
with their lives (compared with 61.4% of non-Indigenous
young people), and more than half (52.1%) of Aboriginal
depressive disorders. Appointed to Watch Over the
Nearly three in 10 (29%) Aboriginal and Torres
and Torres Strait Islander respondents felt very positive or Strait Islander young people, aged 15-24, Interests of the Aborigines. The
positive about the future (compared with 58.7% of report having a Act made Victoria the first
non-Indigenous respondents), more than three in 10 long-term mental health condition, which is
notably higher than the 16% of non-Indigenous colony to enact comprehensive
(31.7%) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander respondents
indicated some form of distress (compared with 26.7% of
young people with regulations on the lives of
a long-term mental health condition. This
non-Indigenous respondents). Mental health is an important varies based on remoteness, with Aboriginal Aboriginal Australians. The Act
and Torres Strait and subsequent regulations
domain of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and Islander young people living in non-remote
emotional wellbeing, areas more likely to have a mental health gave the Board extensive
linked also to the social, emotional, physical, cultural and condition than those powers over the lives of
spiritual dimensions of wellbeing. In many cases, living in remote areas (25% compared to 11%
responding to population mental health challenges means respectively). Aboriginal Victorians, including
Given the considerable contribution of mental
addressing the deeper and structural causes of health conditions to the burden of disease for
regulation of residence,
those challenges. These should be identified and solutions young Aboriginal employment, marriage, social
co-designed and co-implemented under Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the need to
access adequate, appropriate and timely
life, custody of children and
and Torres Strait Islander community leadership, including mental health services other aspects of daily life.
ACCOs that deliver health services. is important. A considerably higher proportion
of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young
people in non remote areas are able to access Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
GP and hospital services in their local area
Mission Australia Youth Survey (2019). National Aboriginal compared with those living in (2023). Laws/Act/Legislation
and Torres Strait Islander Youth Report. Retrieved from remote areas.26 However, a higher proportion fro young age. Retrieved from
file:///D:/Users/Acer/Downloads/Aboriginal%20Torres% of young people living in remote areas have
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab
20Strait%20Islander%20youth%20report%2024% access to
20Sept.pdf
Aboriginal specific medical or community original_Protection_Act_1869
services compared with those living in
non-remote areas.
Someone of When working with individuals from different The Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Ageism is defined as
an older backgrounds or with different abilities, it's Islander Heritage Protection Act
important to be aware of potential cultural biases discrimination against 1984 (Cth), is an Act passed by
generation the Parliament of the
and social expectations that may exist. Here are older people because Commonwealth of Australia to
some examples: of negative and enable the Commonwealth
inaccurate stereotypes Government to intervene and,
Working with Someone of an Older Generation where necessary, preserve and
1. Ageism: This is the bias that assumes older —and it’s so ingrained protect areas and objects of
individuals are less capable, less adaptable to in our culture that we particular significance to
change, or less familiar with modern technology. Australia's Aboriginal or Torres
It's important to remember that age does not
often don’t even notice. Strait Islander peoples from being
necessarily correlate with ability or knowledge. Most organizations desecrated or injured.
The Act has been considered
2. Patronizing Attitude: Sometimes, younger now have diversity, ineffective to the legislation's
individuals may unintentionally adopt a equity, and inclusion purpose, as seen in court
condescending or patronizing attitude towards decisions and the minimal
older individuals, assuming they need help with (DEI) departments to amendments and
tasks they can handle independently. tackle issues such as recommendations implemented.
3. Stereotyping: There can be a tendency to racism and gender The minimal updates to the Act are
stereotype older individuals as being set in their dissimilar to the significant
ways, resistant to change, or slow to learn new bias. changes that have been made to
concepts. This is a bias that can limit the other heritage protection acts such
as the Native Title Act 1993 and
potential of older individuals. American the Environment Protection and
Cultural Biases and Social Expectations (2023). Psychological Biodiversity Conservation Act
1999.
Working with Someone of an Older Generation. Association (2023).
Retrieved from Ageism. Retrieved Wikipedia (2023). Aboriginal and
https://www.studocu.com/en-au/messages/questi Torres Strait Islander Heritage
on/3313796/in-a-short-paragraph-describe-at-lea
from Protection Act 1984. Retrieved
st-three-cultural-biases-or-social-expectations-wh https://www.apa.org/m from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aborigi
ich-may-exist onitor/2023/03/cover-n nal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_H
ew-concept-of-aging eritage_Protection_Act_1984

Student Assessment
A person with Working with a Person with a Disability Disability is a socially constructed concept arising The Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
from western culture and society. People from
a disability 1. Ableism: This is the bias that assumes individuals Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander backgrounds was an Act of the colony of Victoria,
with disabilities are less capable or need assistance may have a very different understanding or Australia that established the
concept of disability, and in many traditional
with tasks they can handle independently. It's languages there is no word for disability.
Victorian Central Board for the
important to respect the autonomy and abilities of Protection of Aborigines, to replace
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians the Central Board Appointed to
individuals with disabilities. experience disability at up to twice the rate of
2. Overcompensation: Sometimes, people may non-Indigenous Australians. While many Watch Over the Interests of the
overcompensate in their interactions with individuals Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people Aborigines. The Act made Victoria
receive support for their disability, historically
with disabilities, either by being overly helpful or by they have been up to four times less likely to
the first colony to enact
avoiding certain topics or activities. This can lead to receive a funded disability service. comprehensive regulations on the
lives of Aboriginal Australians. The
feelings of exclusion or otherness. A number of factors may affect the ability of
some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Act and subsequent regulations
3. Stereotyping: There can be a tendency to stereotype
people to self-identify, or identify their family gave the Board extensive powers
individuals with disabilities, assuming they are all the member as having a disability. These can over the lives of Aboriginal
same or have the same needs. This is a bias that can include:
Victorians, including regulation of
limit the potential of individuals with disabilities. Previous negative experiences of discrimination residence, employment, marriage,
Remember, it's crucial to treat everyone as an from government services - both mainstream and
social life, custody of children and
disability related.
individual, respecting their unique abilities, Issues of cultural safety when dealing with staff other aspects of daily life.
experiences, and perspectives. who are not familiar with cultural customs and
practices.
Fear that coming forward about disability, or the Wikipedia (2023). Aboriginal
Cultural Biases and Social Expectations (2023). challenging support needs of a child in their care, Protection Act 1869. Retrieved from
Working a person with disability. Retrieved from may affect a child remaining in their care.
Lack of service provision in remote communities
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aborigin
https://www.studocu.com/en-au/messages/question/33 and lack awareness of disability services in al_Protection_Act_1869
13796/in-a-short-paragraph-describe-at-least-three-cult communities (Commonwealth of Australia, 2017)
ural-biases-or-social-expectations-which-may-exist
A Muslim Many people think that Australian Though Aboriginal mosques were destroyed, The Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
Aboriginal Islam endured. The most recent
woman Muslims come from abroad. It is true that Australian census in 2011 found that 1,140 was an Act of the colony of
Muslims identified themselves as Aboriginal or Victoria, Australia that established
wearing a there are thousands of Muslims from Torres Strait Islanders.
the Victorian Central Board for the
hijab Asia, Europe, Middle East and Africa. This number may not reflect all Australians with
ties to Muslim and Aboriginal communities.
Protection of Aborigines, to replace
Someone living a secular life may not see
the Central Board Appointed to
But it is also true that there is a themselves as Muslim. They may not be aware of Watch Over the Interests of the
substantial group of Muslims with roots their family history, or they may not want to
disclose it.
Aborigines. The Act made Victoria
deep in Australia’s history: Aboriginal Nonetheless, the Aboriginal Muslim community is comprehensive regulations on the
Muslims. growing. The 2001 census found that less than
1,000 Australians would identify themselves as lives of Aboriginal Australians. The
being from both groups. Act and subsequent regulations
gave the Board extensive powers
Crescent Wealth (2023). Muslims in The demographic is booming for a few reasons.
Many Aboriginal people grow up in a Christian or over the lives of Aboriginal
Australia: The Bond Between Indigenous non-religious house.
Victorians, including regulation of
Australians and Islam. Retrieved from They then study their family roots and find some
connections to Muslims. This makes them
residence, employment, marriage,
social life, custody of children and
https://crescentwealth.com.au/news-cent curious about the faith, and they wind up
other aspects of daily life.
converting.
re/muslim-community/muslims-in-australi
a-the-bond-between-indigenous-australi Crescent Wealth (2023). Muslims in Australia: Wikipedia (2023). Aboriginal
The Bond Between Indigenous Australians and Protection Act 1869. Retrieved
ans-and-islam Islam. Retrieved from
from
https://crescentwealth.com.au/news-centre/musli
m-community/muslims-in-australia-the-bond-betw https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aborigi
een-indigenous-australians-and-islam
nal_Protection_Act_1869
Someone who Brother boy and sister girl: Aboriginal Stigma, prejudice, The Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
is transgender communities use these terms to describe discrimination and abuse are a was an Act of the colony of
common experience for many Victoria, Australia that established
or intersex transgender people and their relationships transgender and gender the Victorian Central Board for the
as a way of validating and strengthening diverse people. Research Protection of Aborigines, to replace
their gender identities and relationships. consistently shows that the Central Board Appointed to
transgender and gender Watch Over the Interests of the
Non-trans but non-conforming Aboriginal Aborigines. The Act made Victoria
people may also use these terms. For diverse people experience
poorer mental health outcomes
example, both lesbian and heterosexual and are at higher risk of suicidal
comprehensive regulations on the
Aboriginal women may refer to themselves lives of Aboriginal Australians. The
behaviours compared to the Act and subsequent regulations
as ‘sistergirls’, ‘sisters’ or ‘tiddas’, which is general population. gave the Board extensive powers
an Aboriginal English term for the word over the lives of Aboriginal
‘sisters’. Gay Aboriginal men may also refer Australian Psychological Victorians, including regulation of
to themselves as sisters. Society (2023). Lesbian, gay, residence, employment, marriage,
bisexual, transgender and social life, custody of children and
intersex issues. Retrieved from other aspects of daily life.
The Victorian Government (2023). Pride in https://psychology.org.au/comm
our future. Retrieved from unity/advocacy-social-issues/le Wikipedia (2023). Aboriginal
https://www.vic.gov.au/pride-our-future-vict sbian-gay-bisexual-transgender Protection Act 1869. Retrieved
from
orias-lgbtiq-strategy-2022-32 -intersex
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aborigi
nal_Protection_Act_1869

Student Assessment
c. See below a list of four (4) Commonwealth Laws which exist to protect people from discrimination.
Research and populate the table with the eight (8) anti-discrimination legistrations that exist on a
state/territory level:
Commonwealth laws State/territory laws
The Age Discrimination Act 2004 is an Act of the Parliament of Australia that prohibits age
1 discrimination in many areas including employment, education, accommodation and the provision of
Age Discrimination Act 2004 goods and services. Persons of any age can be discriminated against within the meaning of the act.
"Roadmap to ADA: The Age Discrimination Act 2004", Joanna Hemingway, 2007.
The Age Discrimination Act 2004 is an Act of the Parliament of Australia that prohibits age
2 discrimination in many areas including employment, education, accommodation and the provision of
Age Discrimination Act 2004 goods and services. Persons of any age can be discriminated against within the meaning of the act.
"Roadmap to ADA: The Age Discrimination Act 2004", Joanna Hemingway, 2007.
The Act is administered by the Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC). The president of the commission is responsible for investigating
3 Racial Discrimination Act 1975 complaints. If a complaint is validated, the commission will attempt to conciliate the matter. If the commission cannot negotiate an agreement which is
acceptable to the complainant, the complainant's only redress is through the Federal Court of Australia or through the Federal Circuit and Family
Court of Australia. The commission also attempts to raise awareness about the obligations that individuals and organisations have under the Act.
Wikipedia (2023). Racial Discrimination Act 1975. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_Discrimination_Act_1975
The Sex Discrimination Act 1984 is an Act of the Parliament of Australia which prohibits discrimination on the basis of mainly sexism,
4 Sex Discrimination Act 1984 homophobia, transphobia and biphobia, but also sex, marital or relationship status, actual or potential pregnancy, sexual orientation, gender
identity, intersex status or breastfeeding in a range of areas of public life. These areas include work, accommodation, education, the
provision of goods, facilities and services, the activities of clubs and the administration of Commonwealth laws and programs. The Australian
Human Rights Commission investigates alleged breaches of the Act.
Wikipedia (2023). Sex Discrimination Act 1984. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_Discrimination_Act_1984
d. What strategies should you adopt (when facilitating a support plan for educators and families) to
ensure that you do not discriminate?
1. educating your employees about discrimination;

2. responding quickly and effectively to and complaints of inappropriate behavior;
3. deal with complaints r discrimination promptly and confidentially;
4. develop a workplace policy that prohibits discrimination;
5. train supervisors and managers on how to respond to discrimination in the workplace;
make sure the policy is properly enforced; and
6. review the policy to ensure that effectiveness is maintained.
Smarter Workplace Solution (2019). How to prevent discrimination in the workplace. Retrieved
from https://www.hrassured.com.au/blog/how-to-prevent-discrimination-in-the-workplace/

Student Assessment
e. What are the consequences to you as an early childhood educator if you discriminate (intentionally
or unintentionally) against a co-educator, a child or a parent?
It can lead to mental health issues such as anxiety and depression as well as physical
problems including stomachaches, headaches and a rapid heartbeat.
Racial inequities at work can also result in decreased workplace productivity.
The Damaging Effects of Workplace Racism (2023). Discrimination in the workplace.

Retrieved from
https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/behavioral-competencies/global-and-c
ultural-effectiveness/pages/the-damaging-effects-of-workplace-racism
9. Look up the Universal Declaration of Human Rights document and describe what it is, according to
the preamble. Identify four (4) main defining points from the preamble. (Short)
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the
foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of
mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and
want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and
oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations.
United Nations (2023). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from

https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
10. What is the relationship between Human Needs and Human Rights? Provide a brief explanation.
(Medium)
The ideas of human rights and basic human needs are closely connected. Human rights
–rights that apply for every person because they are a human – can be seen as rights to
the fulfillment of, or ability to fulfill, basic human needs. These needs provide the
grounding for human rights. ‘Behind human rights are freedoms and needs so
fundamental that their denial puts human dignity itself at risk’ (Goldewijk & Fortman,
1999: 117). Basic human needs are whatever people require to be able to achieve a
level of functioning that satisfies a given ethical conception of the acceptable minimum;
such conceptions include, for example, human dignity, or the avoidance of serious harm.
The needs implied by these conceptions typically include, in particular, basic levels of
physical and mental health.
Needs and Human Rights (2005). Relationship between human needs and human rights.
Retrieved from file:///D:/Users/Acer/Downloads/metis_165565.pdf

Student Assessment
11. How does a person-centred approach in an Early Childhood Education and Care setting relate to human
rights and various alike legislations in Australia?
The person-centred approach treats each person respectfully as an individual human being, and not just as a condition to
be treated. It involves seeking out and understanding what is important to the patient, their families, carers and support
people, fostering trust and establishing mutual respect. It also means working together to share decisions and plan care.
There is good evidence that person-centred care can lead to improvements in safety, quality and cost-effectiveness of
health care, as well as improvements in patient and staff satisfaction.
Person-centred care is embedded throughout all of the Standards developed by the Commission, including the National
Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards and the Primary and Community Healthcare Standards, reflecting
its importance to the safety and quality of health care.
Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (2023). Person-centred care. Retrieved from
https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/partnering-consumers/person-centred-care
12. Australia is a party to the seven (7) major human rights treaties (Medium)
a. List these treaties in the Australian Human Rights Frameworks.
Australia is a party to the seven core international human rights treaties:
1. the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

2. the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
3. the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
4. the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
5. the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
(CAT)
6. the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
7. the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).
Australian Government Attorney-General's Department (2023). International human rights system.

Retrieved from
https://www.ag.gov.au/rights-and-protections/human-rights-and-anti-discrimination/international-human
-rights-system
b. List three (3) different approaches / instruments used in the workplace that helps ensure people
human rights or needs are being accounted for.
Participation
-Everyone has the right to participate in decisions which affect their human rights. Participation must be active, free and meaningful,
and give attention to issues of accessibility, including access to information in a form and a language which can be understood.
Accountability
-Accountability requires effective monitoring of compliance with human rights standards and achievement of human rights goals, as
well as effective remedies for human rights breaches. For accountability to be effective, there must be appropriate laws, policies,
institutions, administrative procedures and mechanisms of redress in order to secure human rights.
Non-discrimination and equality
-A human rights based approach means that all forms of discrimination in the realisation of rights must be prohibited, prevented and
eliminated. It also means that priority should be given to people in the most marginalised or vulnerable situations who face the biggest
barriers to realising their rights.
Australian Human Rights Commission (2023). Human rights based approaches. Retrieved from
https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/rights-and-freedoms/human-rights-based-approaches

Student Assessment
13. Answer the following questions regarding the rights and responsibilities of the following parties. List two
(2) rights and two (2) responsibilities for the following stakeholders; (Medium)
a. The Early Childhood Educator
The role of an early childhood educator is to support the implementation of an approved

learning framework, and support children's wellbeing, learning and development.
Depending on the setting, educators may work under direct supervision or on their own
within a team.
Australian Government Department of Education (2023). First steps ece jobs. Retrieved
https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/05_2015/first_steps_ece_job_descri
ption.pdf
b. The Employer
As an employer you have the main responsibility for the health and safety of everyone in your workplace,
including visitors. If you are self-employed, you have the primary duty of care for your own safety and the
safety of others. Some practical ways of carrying out your duty of care responsibilities include ensuring:
1. the work environment, systems of work, machinery and equipment are safe and properly maintained
2. information, training, instruction and supervision are provided
3. adequate workplace facilities are available for workers
4. any accommodation you provide to your workers is safe
5. workers’ health and workplace conditions are monitored
6. chemicals are handled and stored safely.
Safework (2023). Employer responsibilities. Retrieved from

https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/safety-starts-here/safety-support/your-rights-and-responsibilities-for-hea
lth-and-safety/employer-responsibilities
c. The Parent/s
Parents are allowed to raise their children in accordance with their values and beliefs.
There will be no interference regarding decisions made by parents about where and how their
children are raised unless there is reason to believe and/or evidence of the child’s well-being
being at risk – i.e. abuse or neglect, including the child/children not receiving an education or
necessary medical treatment.
Parents have the right to child-care services and to access information on financial support
and other support services (dependent on eligibility criteria).
Burke Mead Lawyers (2022). Parental Rights & Parental Responsibility Australia. Retrieved
from https://www.burkemeadlawyers.com.au/parental-rights-parental-responsibility-australia/

Student Assessment
d. What are the appropriate actions when rights are being infringed or responsibilities not being carried
out by any of the parties listed above?
1. The Early Childhood Educator

Early Childhood Educator must attend training workshop for professional development.
2. Employer
Employer must organize training workshop for early childhood educator.
3. Parents
Parents must participate different conferences, activities to build rapport between the
employer and the early childhood educator.
14. Provide a description of the characteristics for each of the key areas of diversity (listed below).
Key areas of Diversity Characteristics
a. Culture, Ethnicity is considered to be shared characteristics such

Race, as culture, language, religion, and traditions, which
Ethnicity contribute to a person or group's identity. This shows that
ethnicity is not necessarily genetic.
National Youth Council of Ireland (2023). Ethnicity and

ethnic groups – an explanation of these terms. Retrieved
from
https://www.youth.ie/articles/ethnicity-and-ethnic-groups-a
n-explanation-of-these-terms
b. Disability A disability may be physical, sensory, intellectual, psychiatric,

neurological, or cognitive.
It can be:
Permanent or expected to be permanent,
Chronic, meaning it affects you constantly and continually,
Episodic.
Overall, a disability means a person needs some support.
The Salt Foundation (2023). What are the characteristics of

disability? Retrieved from
https://thesaltfoundation.org.au/blog/understanding-your-disability-
with-ndis/

Student Assessment
c. Religious or spiritual beliefs Spiritual beliefs include the relationship to a superior being
and are related to an existential perspective on life, death,
and the nature of reality.11 Religious beliefs include
practices/rituals such as prayer or meditation and
engagement with religious community members.
National Library of Medicine (2023). Spiritual and Religious

Beliefs and Practices, and Social Support's Relationship to
Diabetes Self-Care Activities in African Americans. Retrieved
from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3859187
Gender, sex and sexuality are each different concepts. Gender refers to an internal sense of identity,
d. Gender, including transgender while sex refers to the identity assigned to a person at birth based on physical characteristics.
Sexuality, or sexual orientation, refers to the sex or gender a person is sexually attracted to (such as
being lesbian, gay, straight, bisexual, etc.)
Your gender is what feels natural to you, even if it differs from the gender that was assigned to you at
birth based on your presumed sex.
Some people may not feel comfortable with the gender assigned to them at birth. They may choose to
live according to their true gender identity. This is called gender affirmation.
A person may affirm their gender by taking steps to be socially or physically more aligned with their
gender identity, including changing their name, taking hormones, or having surgery.
If your child seems unsure about their gender, support what they say and do. Seek help if your child is
distressed, or if you need support.
Better Health Channel (2023). Trans and gender diverse people. Retrieved from
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/transgender-and-transsexuality
e. Intersex People who are intersex have genitals, chromosomes or

reproductive organs that don’t fit into a male/female sex
binary. Their genitals might not match their reproductive
organs, or they may have traits of both. Being intersex
may be evident at birth, childhood, later in adulthood or
never. Being intersex isn’t a disorder, disease or
condition.
Cleveland Clinic (2023). Intersex. Retrieved from

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/16324-interse
x
f. Generational “Generations exhibit similar characteristics—such as communication, shopping,

and motivation preferences—because they experienced similar trends at
approximately the same life stage and through similar channels (e.g., online, TV,
mobile, etc.),” the Center for Generational Kinetics explains. “Generation-shaping
trends are most influential as people come of age, which means that members of
a particular generation will develop and share similar values, beliefs, and
expectations.”
Walden University (2023). What Are the Best Work Traits of Each Generation?.
Retrieved from
https://www.waldenu.edu/online-masters-programs/ms-in-human-resource-mana
gement/what-are-the-best-work-traits-of-each-generation

Student Assessment
g. Sexual orientation /sexual Sexual identity refers to one's self-perception in terms of romantic or
identity including sexual attraction towards others,though not mutually exclusive, and
● Lesbian can be different to romantic identity. Sexual identity may also refer to
sexual orientation identity, which is when people identify or dis-identify
● Gay
with a sexual orientation or choose not to identify with a sexual
● Bisexual orientation. Sexual identity and sexual behavior are closely related to
● Transgender sexual orientation, but they are distinguished,with identity referring to
● Queer an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual
● Questioning sexual acts performed by the individual, and sexual orientation
● 2-spirit referring to romantic or sexual attractions toward persons of the
opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, to both sexes or
● Heterosexual
more than one gender, or to no one.
Wikipedia (2023). Sexual identity. Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_identity
15. In the context of an Early Childhood Education and Care setting, what resources can an organisation
provide to their staff to help embrace diversity? Provide an example for each key area of diversity listed
below:
Key areas of diversity Characteristics
a) Culture, race, Cultural competency is about having awareness, respect and

ethnicity understanding of the diversity around you. Cultural competence
is “respecting multiple ways of knowing, seeing and living,
celebrate the benefits of diversity and have an ability to
understand and honour differences".
Aussie Childcare Network (2021). Cultural Competence In Early

Childhood Settings. Retrieved from
https://aussiechildcarenetwork.com.au/articles/childcare-articles/c
ultural-competence-in-early-childhood-settings
b) Disability Many children have trouble reading, writing, or performing other

learning-related tasks at some point. This does not mean they
have learning disabilities. A child with a learning disability often
has several related signs, and they don’t go away or get better
over time. The signs of learning disabilities vary from person to
person.
US Department of Health and Human Services (2018). What are

some signs of learning disabilities? Retrieved from
https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/sig
ns

Student Assessment
c) Religious or spiritual Spiritual beliefs include the relationship to a superior being and are related to an
beliefs existential perspective on life, death, and the nature of reality. Religious beliefs
include practices/rituals such as prayer or meditation and engagement with
religious community members. While spiritual and religious beliefs have significant
overlap, the authors chose to examine both of these concepts because they are
frequently brought into the forefront when coping with illness. Additionally, it is
important to examine both of these concepts because some people may consider
themselves to be spiritual but may not necessarily endorse being religious.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet: General
information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States, 2007.
Atlanta, GA: Author; 2008.
d) Gender, including Gender roles in society means how we’re expected to act, speak,
transgender dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned
sex. For example, girls and women are generally expected to
dress in typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating,
and nurturing. Men are generally expected to be strong,
aggressive, and bold.
Every society, ethnic group, and culture has gender role

expectations, but they can be very different from group to group.
Planned Parenthood (2023). What are gender roles and

stereotypes? Retrieved from
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/gender-identity/sex-gen
der-identity/what-are-gender-roles-and-stereotypes
e) Intersex People who are intersex have genitals, chromosomes or

reproductive organs that don’t fit into a male/female sex binary.
Their genitals might not match their reproductive organs, or they
may have traits of both. Being intersex may be evident at birth,
childhood, later in adulthood or never. Being intersex isn’t a
disorder, disease or condition.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/16324-intersex

Student Assessment
f) Generational A generation gap refers to the chasm that separates the beliefs
and behaviors belonging to members of two different
generations. More specifically, a generation gap can be used to
describe the differences in thoughts, actions, and tastes exhibited
by members of younger generations versus older ones.
Investopedia (2023). Generation Gap: What It Is. Retrieved from

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/generation-gap.asp
g) Sexual orientation To undertake effective and respectful work with children and families, understanding
/sexual identity basic concepts and the associated practice considerations that relate to gender and
sexual orientation diversity is essential. This practice guide explores gender identity,
including gender expression and sexual
● Lesbian orientation and provides guidance for working with children with diverse sexualities and
● Gay genders,and their families, carers and networks.
Just as a child or adult’s culture forms an important part of their identity, so too does
● Bisexual
their sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression. The concepts of sexual
● Transgender orientation, gender
● Queer identity and gender expression all relate to one another in various ways, however they
● Questioning have distinctly unique meanings and must be recognised as such.
● 2-spirit Department of Children, Youth Justice and Multicultural Affairs (2021). Children with
● Heterosexual gender and sexual orientation diversity. Retrieved from
https://cspm.csyw.qld.gov.au/getattachment/85784094-47b8-4a90-9b5d-00b466fea87
3/pg-children-with-gender-sexual-orientation-diversity.pdf
16. Answer the following questions about marginalised groups in Australia. (Medium)
a. What are the five (5) domains of disadvantage?
Many people are also excluded through discrimination due to their gender, caste, age,
disability, social status, or sexual orientation. Some groups, such as prisoners, refugees
and sex workers are particularly stigmatised.
People can also be left out from services because of where they live. For example people
living in remote areas, migrant workers, people who are homeless and pastoralists do not
fit easily into mainstream service provision. The extent to which different groups of
people are marginalised depends on the local context, and many people face multiple
disadvantages. Women are often amongst the most powerless and invisible members of
marginalised groups.
WaterAid Australia (2022). Social exclusion. Retrieved from

https://www.wateraid.org/au/what-we-do/the-crisis/social-exclusion

Student Assessment
b. What are the indicators of these domains that contribute to marginalisation?
Notably, the authors found that indicators of marginalization — including race, caste, and
household income quintile — increased vulnerability to pandemic-related learning losses
among girls, but not among boys.
One Health Trust (2022). Indicators of marginalization increased pandemic-related

learning loss among girls in India. Retrieved from
https://onehealthtrust.org/publications/peer-reviewed-articles/indicators-of-marginalizatio
n-increased-pandemic-related-learning-loss-among-girls-in-india/
c. What are the potential impacts on an individual who experiences any of the following;
discrimination, trauma, exclusion and negative attitudes
Negative attitudes and exclusion can lead to emotional distress, including: Low
Self-Esteem: Discrimination and negative attitudes can make individuals feel unworthy or
inferior, leading to low self-esteem. Loneliness: Exclusion can lead to feelings of
loneliness and isolation.
Education Centre of Australia College (2023). How do discrimination trauma exclusion

and negative? Retrieved from
https://www.studocu.com/en-au/messages/question/4025570/how-do-discrimination-trau
ma-exclusion-and-negative-attitudes-impact-on-people
d. When assisting marginalised Australians who have entered care, what addition
considerations need to be taken into account in regard to physical, mental and emotional
health issues?
Much like the impact of bullying, those under attack might feel shame and guilt because of
how they’re treated by their perpetrators. This can lead to low self-esteem and lack of
self-worth, which fuels other mental health conditions like anxiety and depression. One
survey of LGBTQ teens found that they experienced high levels of anxiety, feelings of
rejection, and fear for their safety. Nearly 75 percent of respondents had been verbally
threatened and ninety-five percent reported having trouble sleeping.
Talk Space (2019). Uncertain & Unsafe: The Damaging Impact of Marginalization on
Mental Health. Retrieved from
https://www.talkspace.com/blog/marginalization-discrimination-impact-mental-health

Student Assessment
e. Marginalised Australians have specific needs which relate to a sense of security. Name two
(2) protective factors (e.g.: structured access to free education primary education) which assist
a marginalised person in Australia to feel included in Society?
Good physical and mental health, close friends and family and staying connected to the community
are personal protective factors.
Other personal factors can include:
strong sense of self-worth and hope for the future

sense of personal control
resilience (being able to bounce back from challenges in life)
Department of Veterans' Affairs (2023). Protective factors. Retrieved from

https://www.openarms.gov.au/get-support/suicide-intervention/suicide-awareness/protective-factors
17. Provide two (2) examples of resources that support individuals and organisations to embrace and
respond to diversity.
The following are resources that support individuals and organisations to embrace and
respond to diversity:
Language Interpreters
Cultural Interpreters
Imagery
Resources that respond to diversity (2023). The following are resources that support
individuals and organisations. Retrieved from
https://www.studocu.com/en-au/messages/question/3402026/the-following-are-resources
-that-support-individuals-and-organisations-to-embrace-and-respond
18. Describe how the use of imagery in the workplace, increases an appreciation of diversity?
The use of imagery in the workplace can increase an appreciation of diversity by revealing different people
having their places at an organization. For example, a workplace that has photos or posters or other imagery
of females or transgender individuals doing different jobs can increase an appreciation for different people.
Also, if the workplace has imagery of males teaching (which is often an occupation associated with females),
then this too may increase how people feel about diversity. We can also apply this to other aspects of
diversity. For instance, having people with physiological disabilities, or having Asians, or having neurodiverse
people (which would be more difficult to see in imagery, but one can use captions or show people with
interesting styles of dress reflecting their neurodiversity), a workplace can dramatically enhance how workers
see diversity.
Study.com (2023). Describe how the use of imagery in the workplace increases an appreciation of diversity.
Retrieved from
https://homework.study.com/explanation/describe-how-the-use-of-imagery-in-the-workplace-increases-an-ap
preciation-of-diversity

Student Assessment
19. Explain what a language interpreter is and under what circumstances an Early Childhood Education and
Care Service would use one for language and cultural purposes? (Short)
Interpreters interpret everything that is said or signed and must not add, modify or exclude
information. This means they will interpret statements even if they are incoherent, nonsensical or
unclear in the original language. Interpreting is not always word-for-word because some concepts
may not exist in other languages and thus may need further explaining.
An interpreter should possess training in interpreting and a formal credential.
Interpreters play a critical role in delivering services to people with limited English, Deaf people
and people who are deaf blind. Interpreter services can be delivered in person or by telephone or
videoconferencing.
The Victorian Government (2023). Understanding language services. Retrieved from

https://www.vic.gov.au/guidelines-using-interpreting-services/understanding-language-services
20. Answer the following questions about what impact the increase in population diversity can have on a
person’s personal behaviour, interpersonal relationships, and perception and social expectations of
others in an Early Childhood Education and Care setting: (Short)
a. personal behaviour,
Diversity practices and experience mean that steps have been taken to embrace individual differences and create an atmosphere where all are respected and valued irrespective of
their diverse characteristics.
These practices have a profound effect on the various aspects of a workplace. Some of the ways by which it changes thinking style and level of understanding in the workplace are
reflected in the below-mentioned points -
Diversity can have both negative and positive impacts on personal behavior. Sometimes it leads to the formation of stereotypes or differences between people but it can also have a
positive influence like one can learn new ideas and culture. Diversity practices aim to reduce the negative aspects and increase the good ones.
Adopting measures that embrace diversity helps to create good interpersonal relationships in the workplace. It assists in developing cordial and supportive environments by reducing
the social stigma or negative perceptions and promoting understanding behavior.
In general, we tend to create negative judgments toward those who are different from us. But by adopting effective diversity practices, the people are provided with the facts and they
develop their perception based on those facts and not some untrue assumptions which eventually means reduced negative prejudices and increased mutual respect.
The employees have some social expectations from their workplace regarding what is the correct way to dress or what type of behavior is appropriate and many more such things.
Incorporating practices that promote awareness regarding cultural differences helps to modify the expectations of others and encourage them to have an accepting and understanding
approach towards all and not to judge anyone based on their identity.
To sum it all we can say that diversity practices create a more peaceful, happy, and accepting workplace for all.
Study.com (2023). How diversity practices and experiences impact on personal behaviour, interpersonal relationships, perceptions and the social expectations of others in the
workplace. Retrieved from https://www.studocu.com/en-au/messages/question/2762829/explain-how-diversity-practices-and-experiences-impact-on-personal-behaviour-interpersonal
b. interpersonal relationships,
Diversity practices and experience mean that steps have been taken to embrace individual differences and create an atmosphere where all are respected and valued
irrespective of their diverse characteristics.
These practices have a profound effect on the various aspects of a workplace. Some of the ways by which it changes thinking style and level of understanding in the
workplace are reflected in the below-mentioned points -
Diversity can have both negative and positive impacts on personal behavior. Sometimes it leads to the formation of stereotypes or differences between people but it can also
have a positive influence like one can learn new ideas and culture. Diversity practices aim to reduce the negative aspects and increase the good ones.
Adopting measures that embrace diversity helps to create good interpersonal relationships in the workplace. It assists in developing cordial and supportive environments by
reducing the social stigma or negative perceptions and promoting understanding behavior.
In general, we tend to create negative judgments toward those who are different from us. But by adopting effective diversity practices, the people are provided with the facts
and they develop their perception based on those facts and not some untrue assumptions which eventually means reduced negative prejudices and increased mutual respect.
The employees have some social expectations from their workplace regarding what is the correct way to dress or what type of behavior is appropriate and many more such
things. Incorporating practices that promote awareness regarding cultural differences helps to modify the expectations of others and encourage them to have an accepting and
understanding approach towards all and not to judge anyone based on their identity.
Study.com (2023). How diversity practices and experiences impact on personal behaviour, interpersonal relationships, perceptions and the social expectations of others in the
workplace. Retrieved from
https://www.studocu.com/en-au/messages/question/2762829/explain-how-diversity-practices-and-experiences-impact-on-personal-behaviour-interpersonal

Student Assessment
c. perception and social expectations of others in the workplace

Diversity practices and experience mean that steps have been taken to embrace individual differences and create an atmosphere where all are respected and valued
irrespective of their diverse characteristics.
These practices have a profound effect on the various aspects of a workplace. Some of the ways by which it changes thinking style and level of understanding in the
workplace are reflected in the below-mentioned points -
Diversity can have both negative and positive impacts on personal behavior. Sometimes it leads to the formation of stereotypes or differences between people but it can
also have a positive influence like one can learn new ideas and culture. Diversity practices aim to reduce the negative aspects and increase the good ones.
Adopting measures that embrace diversity helps to create good interpersonal relationships in the workplace. It assists in developing cordial and supportive
environments by reducing the social stigma or negative perceptions and promoting understanding behavior.
In general, we tend to create negative judgments toward those who are different from us. But by adopting effective diversity practices, the people are provided with the
facts and they develop their perception based on those facts and not some untrue assumptions which eventually means reduced negative prejudices and increased
mutual respect.
The employees have some social expectations from their workplace regarding what is the correct way to dress or what type of behavior is appropriate and many more
such things. Incorporating practices that promote awareness regarding cultural differences helps to modify the expectations of others and encourage them to have an
accepting and understanding approach towards all and not to judge anyone based on their identity.
Study.com (2023). How diversity practices and experiences impact on personal behaviour, interpersonal relationships, perceptions and the social expectations of others
in the workplace. Retrieved from
https://www.studocu.com/en-au/messages/question/2762829/explain-how-diversity-practices-and-experiences-impact-on-personal-behaviour-interpersonal
21. The following question requires you to read the information provided below, and then complete the
following self-reflection table regarding social/cultural perspectives and biases.
There can be many reasons why you might feel awkward around people in a childcare setting. You may not
be accustomed to being around various groups of people; or you may even have grown up in a
family/school/community that encouraged conflict with people who were different in some way. Spend some
time thinking about how human differences have made you feel uncomfortable in the past. Sometimes it is
difficult to identify these assumptions, because we think of them as true; or we do not recognise our inherited
attitudes. Being objective about your personal biases may not be an easy task, but it can be valuable to identify
any preconceptions you may have about people from other cultural backgrounds. This will improve your
compassion whilst carrying out your role as an Early Childhood educator. Remember that there are many
instances in life where differences can be amicably expressed.
a. After reflecting on your personal biases, describe two (2) types of people/situations that may
make you feel awkward/uncomfortable (due to cultural differences):
Characteristics Example
Type of person / situation you weird or different

feel uncomfortable around.

Student Assessment
How are they different from you? Sometimes they act with no sense of belongingness, they
wanted to be alone.
Why do you think you feel They are not talking, they want to be themselves most of the
uncomfortable around them? time.
Do you think you feel this way I think I feel the same way due to personal experiences.
a) due to personal experiences

or
b) as a result of diversity?
List some similarities between 1. I want to be alone especially if I am doing something.

yourself and this group of 2. I feel can solve my problem on my own.
people.

Student Assessment
b. List at least five (5) ‘Strategies’ that you can act on, or participate in, to improve your social awareness
and reduce your cultural biases. Identify a ‘Short Term’ and ‘Long Term’ improvement for each strategy
that you could implement in order to achieve it.
Strategies Short Term strategy Long Term strategy
Understand what it means to listen Analyze the emotions surrounding it Look for the facts
Pay attention to tone of Notice the energy behind Choose the most
voice appropriate response
Watch facial expressions Stay aware of nonverbal clues Be present and giving full
and body language attention
Notice the details Display positive affirmation Be connected to the

people around

Student Assessment
Avoid embarrassing Do not ask personal questions Be respectful all the

situations times by showing
courtesy to others
Catch the mood of the Be socially aware of what's Always practice optimism
room happening around at all times
22. In the Early Childhood Education and Care profession, it is likely that you will encounter people of different
race, gender and sexual orientation. It is important to have an understanding of appropriate terminologies
which relate to these differences so that you can accept and understand the diversity of your clients.
Provide a definition for each term listed in the table below: (Medium)
Terminology Definition
Culture race and ethnicity Cultural competency is about having awareness, respect
and understanding of the diversity around you. Cultural
competence is “respecting multiple ways of knowing,
seeing and living, celebrate the benefits of diversity and
have an ability to understand and honour differences".
Aussie Childcare Network (2021). Cultural Competence In

Early Childhood Settings. Retrieved from
https://aussiechildcarenetwork.com.au/articles/childcare-ar
ticles/cultural-competence-in-early-childhood-settings

Student Assessment
Disability Many children have trouble reading, writing, or performing

other learning-related tasks at some point. This does not
mean they have learning disabilities. A child with a learning
disability often has several related signs, and they don’t go
away or get better over time. The signs of learning
disabilities vary from person to person.
US Department of Health and Human Services (2018).

What are some signs of learning disabilities? Retrieved from
https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninf
o/signs
Spiritual beliefs include the relationship to a superior being and are related to
Religious or spiritual beliefs an existential perspective on life, death, and the nature of reality. Religious
beliefs include practices/rituals such as prayer or meditation and engagement
with religious community members. While spiritual and religious beliefs have
significant overlap, the authors chose to examine both of these concepts
because they are frequently brought into the forefront when coping with
illness. Additionally, it is important to examine both of these concepts because
some people may consider themselves to be spiritual but may not necessarily
endorse being religious.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet:
General information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States,
2007. Atlanta, GA: Author; 2008.
Gender roles in society means how we’re expected to act, speak, dress,
Gender (including transgender) groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex. For
example, girls and women are generally expected to dress in typically
feminine ways and be polite, accommodating, and nurturing. Men are
generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold.
Every society, ethnic group, and culture has gender role expectations, but
they can be very different from group to group.
Planned Parenthood (2023). What are gender roles and stereotypes?

Retrieved from
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/gender-identity/sex-gender-ide
ntity/what-are-gender-roles-and-stereotypes
People who are intersex have genitals, chromosomes or reproductive

Intersex organs that don’t fit into a male/female sex binary. Their genitals might
not match their reproductive organs, or they may have traits of both.
Being intersex may be evident at birth, childhood, later in adulthood or
never. Being intersex isn’t a disorder, disease or condition.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/16324-intersex

Student Assessment
Generational
A generation gap refers to the chasm that separates the beliefs
and behaviors belonging to members of two different
generations. More specifically, a generation gap can be used
to describe the differences in thoughts, actions, and tastes
exhibited by members of younger generations versus older
ones.
Investopedia (2023). Generation Gap: What It Is. Retrieved

from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/generation-gap.asp
To undertake effective and respectful work with children and families,
Sexual orientation (define each of understanding basic concepts and the associated practice considerations that
these lesbian, gay, bisexual, relate to gender and sexual orientation diversity is essential. This practice guide
heterosexual) explores gender identity, gender expression and sexual
orientation and provides guidance for working with children with diverse
sexualities and genders,and their families, carers and networks.
Just as a child or adult’s culture forms an important part of their identity, so too
does their sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression. The
concepts of sexual orientation, gender
identity and gender expression all relate to one another in various ways,
however they have distinctly unique meanings and must be recognised as such.
Department of Children, Youth Justice and Multicultural Affairs (2021). Children

with gender and sexual orientation diversity. Retrieved from
https://cspm.csyw.qld.gov.au/getattachment/85784094-47b8-4a90-9b5d-00b466
fea873/pg-children-with-gender-sexual-orientation-diversity.pdf
23. The western system and structures can impact on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in both
negative and positive aspects in relation to accessing services in the community (for example, healthcare).
Please discuss the importance of engagement between western system and structure and the impact on
indigenous populations in Australia. (Short)
The richness and diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures in Australia is
something we should all take pride in as a nation.
However it is important to look at our history with openness and honesty. Since the
colonisation of Australia by European settlers, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Australians have experienced extreme hardships, ranging from the loss of traditional culture
and homelands to the forced removal of children and denial of citizenship rights.
This history of injustice has meant that many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders have been
denied access to basic human rights, such as rights to health, housing, employment and
education.
Australian Human Rights Commission (2023). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders:
Australia’s First Peoples. Retrieved from
https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/education/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islanders-australia
s-first-peoples

Student Assessment
24. Language barriers are commonly encountered in the Early Childhood profession and it is important to
have strategies to help deal with this. Please describe how imagery may be used to assist a language
barrier? (Short)
The negative impacts of racial and economic disadvantage and a series of past government policies,
including segregation, displacement and separation of families has contributed to the mistrust held by
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people towards government services and systems. In today's
Western dominant society, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people continue to be a marginalised and
socially disadvantaged minority group. Compared to other Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander people experience significantly varied outcomes related to health, education, employment and
housing. Discrimination, racism and lack of cultural understanding mean that Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander people still experience inequality and social injustice. People's cultural beliefs, values and
world-views influence thinking, behaviours and interactions with others. It is important to reflect without
judgement before, during and after interacting with people whose beliefs, values, world-views and
experiences are different to your own.
Queensland Health (2023). Communicating effectively with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Retrieved from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/151923/communicating.pdf
25. Please complete the table below regarding Legislative Acts. Provide a description for each of the
following items: (Long)
● Objective of the Act

● Manifestation of Breach (example of the Act being broken)
● Impact on the Victim
● Consequence to the Perpetrator
Manifestation of Impact on the Consequence to

Act Objective of the Act
Breach Victim the Perpetrator
The Act makes Section 18C of the Orders NCAT can Orders NCAT can
Act makes it is make. If NCAT finds make. If NCAT finds
racial unlawful for a person there has been a there has been a
discrimination in to do an act in public breach under the Anti
breach under the Anti
certain contexts if it is reasonably Discrimination Act
Discrimination Act
likely to "offend, 1977, it can make the
unlawful in insult, humiliate or following orders. 1977, it can make the
The Racial Australia, and also intimidate" a person Award compensation following orders.
overrides state and of a certain race, of up to $100,000 for Award compensation
Discrimination colour or national or loss or damage of up to $100,000 for
territory legislation
ethnic origin, and the suffered because of loss or damage
Act 1975 to the extent of any act was done the breach. suffered because of
inconsistency because of one or the breach.
more of those
characteristics. https://en.wikipedia.o
https://en.wikipedia rg/wiki/Racial_Discri
.org/wiki/Racial_Di https://en.wikipedia.or mination_Act_1975 https://en.wikipedia.or
scrimination_Act_1 g/wiki/Racial_Discrimi g/wiki/Racial_Discrimi
975 nation_Act_1975 nation_Act_1975

Student Assessment
The Sex The SDA The Sex The Sex

Discrimination Act protects people Discrimination Act Discrimination Act
1984 (SDA) makes it 1984 (SDA) makes 1984 (SDA) makes it
across Australia it unlawful to
unlawful to unlawful to
discriminate against a from discriminate against discriminate against a
person because of discrimination in a person because person because of
their sex, gender a number of of their sex, gender their sex, gender
identity, intersex identity, intersex
identity, intersex areas in public status, sexual
status, sexual life, including status, sexual
orientation, marital
The Sex orientation, marital or orientation, marital or
employment, or relationship
relationship status, relationship status,
Discrimination family responsibilities, education, status, family
responsibilities, family responsibilities,
because they are getting or using because they are
Act 1984 because they are
pregnant or might services, or pregnant or might pregnant or might
become pregnant or renting or buying become pregnant or become pregnant or
because they are a house or unit. because they are because they are
breastfeeding. breastfeeding. breastfeeding.
https://humanrig https://humanrights. https://humanrights.g

https://humanrights.go hts.gov.au/our-w gov.au/our-work/em ov.au/our-work/emplo
v.au/our-work/employ ork/employers/s ployers/sex-discrimi yers/sex-discriminatio
ers/sex-discrimination ex-discrimination nation n
Its main aims are Holding a We operate We operate under

to: promote disabled juvenile under the the Australian
equality before the Aboriginal man in Australian Human Rights
law for all persons, solitary Human Rights Commission Act
regardless of their confinement, Commission Act 1986 (Cth) as well
exposed to 1986 (Cth) as as federal laws
race, colour or
artificial light for well as federal that seek to
national or ethnic
extended periods laws that seek to
origin. make ensure freedom
and deprived of ensure freedom
discrimination on from
from
Australian his blanket and
the basis of race, clothes in a NSW discrimination on discrimination on
Human Rights the basis of
colour, descent or adult prison the basis of
Commission national or ethnic violates his right attributes such attributes such as
Act 1986 origin, unlawful. to humane as age, disability, age, disability,
provide protection treatment and race, sex, race, sex,
against racial was inappropriate sexuality and sexuality and
hatred. for his age. gender identity. gender identity.
https://humanright https://www.nswc
cl.org.au/australia https://humanrigh https://humanright
s.gov.au/our-work/
_violates_human ts.gov.au/our-wor s.gov.au/our-work
our-functions _rights k

Student Assessment
The Disability The Disability The Disability The Disability

Discrimination Act Discrimination Act Discrimination Act Discrimination Act
1992 (DDA) makes makes it against 1992 (DDA) 1992 (DDA) makes
it unlawful to the law to treat makes it unlawful it unlawful to
you unfairly to discriminate discriminate against
discriminate
because of your against a person,
against a person, in a person, in many
disability. You are in many areas of
many areas of public life,
areas of public life,
also covered if including
public life, including you had a including
employment, employment, employment,
disability in the
The Disability education, getting education, getting education, getting
past, may develop
or using services, or using services,
Discrimination or using services, a disability in the
renting or buying a future or if people renting or buying a renting or buying a
Act 1992 house or unit, and house or unit, and
house or unit, and think you have a
accessing public disability. accessing public accessing public
places, because of places, because of
places, because of
their disability. their disability.
their disability.
https://humanright
s.gov.au/our-work/
https://humanrights disability-rights/kn https://humanright
https://humanrights.
.gov.au/our-work/di ow-your-rights-ab s.gov.au/our-work/
out-disability-discri disability-rights/dis gov.au/our-work/dis
sability-rights/disabi mination-and-hara
ability-discriminati ability-rights/disabili
lity-discrimination ssment on ty-discrimination
The Racial The Racial Hatred 'Racial hatred' is an 'Racial hatred' is an

umbrella term used to umbrella term used to
Discrimination Act, introduced in describe a range of describe a range of
Act, and allows people October 1995, behaviours behaviours
to complain about extends the from abuse or from abuse or harassment
publicly offensive or coverage of the harassment based on
based on race, to racially
race, to racially biased
abusive RDA so that people reporting and
biased reporting and
behaviour based on can complain to the the use of offensive the use of offensive
stereotypes in the media.
racial hatred. Australian Human stereotypes in the media.
Abuse can be verbal or Abuse can be verbal or
Rights Commission written.
written.
Unlawful behaviour is about racially Some examples of Some examples of
defined as public acts offensive or abusive unlawful behaviour might unlawful behaviour might
Racial Hatred based on the race, behaviour. It aims to include: include:
colour, strike a balance
Act 1995 writing racist graffiti in a writing racist graffiti in a
national or ethnic between two valued public place public place
origin of a person or rights: the right to making racist speeches making racist speeches at
group of people which communicate freely at a public rally a public rally
placing racist posters or placing racist posters or
are likely and the right to live stickers in a public place
to offend, insult, free from vilification. stickers in a public place
racist abuse in a public
place
racist abuse in a public
humiliate or intimidate. place
making offensive racist
comments in a making offensive racist
https://humanrights. publication. comments in a publication.
https://humanrights.go gov.au/our-work/rac
v.au/our-work/racial-h e-discrimination/pub
https://humanrights.gov.a https://humanrights.gov.au
atred-act-what-racial-h lications/guide-racia u/our-work/racial-hatred- /our-work/racial-hatred-act
atred-act l-hatred-act act-what-racial-hatred-ac -what-racial-hatred-act
t

Student Assessment
The Age Age discrimination Age discrimination Age discrimination

can affect people in occurs when a occurs when a
Discrimination Act person is treated
employment, person is treated
2004 protects housing, healthcare less favourably, or
less favourably, or
individuals from and many other not given the same
not given the same
discrimination on opportunities as
areas. The Age opportunities as
others in a similar
the basis of age in Discrimination Act situation, because others in a similar
employment, 2004 protects he or she is situation, because
individuals from considered to be too he or she is
education,
discrimination on old or too young. considered to be too
accommodation the basis of age in The Age
Age old or too young.
and the provision employment, Discrimination Act The Age
Discrimination of goods and education, 2004 (ADA) prohibits
Discrimination Act
services. accommodation discrimination in
Act 2004 employment on the 2004 (ADA) prohibits
and the provision of discrimination in
goods and basis of age.
employment on the
services.
basis of age.
https://humanrights.g
https://humanright ov.au/our-work/age-
s.gov.au/our-work/ https://humanrights discrimination/about-
age-discrimination .gov.au/our-work/a age-discrimination https://humanrights.g
ge-discrimination/a
/about-age-discrim bout-age-discrimin ov.au/our-work/age-
ination ation discrimination/about-
age-discrimination
This Act may be The reforms to the The reforms to the The reforms to the
cited as the Equal Equal Opportunity Equal Opportunity Equal Opportunity
Opportunity for for Women in the for Women in the for Women in the
Women in the Workplace Act Workplace Act Workplace Act
Workplace Act 1999, intended to 1999, intended to 1999, intended to
1999. This Act shall be introduced later be introduced later
be introduced later
come into operation this year, are this year, are
aimed at improving aimed at
this year, are
on a day to be fixed aimed at improving
Equal and promoting improving and
by Proclamation. (c) and promoting
Opportunity gender equality in promoting gender
to foster workplace gender equality in
Australian equality in
for Women in consultation non-public sector Australian Australian
between employers workplaces. non-public sector non-public sector
the Workplace and employees on
workplaces. workplaces.
1999 issues concerning
equal opportunity for https://evaw-global
women in relation to -database.unwome https://evaw-globa https://evaw-global-
employment. n.org/en/countries/ l-database.unwom database.unwomen
oceania/australia/1 en.org/en/countrie .org/en/countries/o
999/equal-opportu s/oceania/australi
ceania/australia/19
nity-for-women-in-t a/1999/equal-opp
he-workplace-agen ortunity-for-wome
99/equal-opportunit
https://www.legislati
cy n-in-the-workplace y-for-women-in-the-
on.gov.au
-agency workplace-agency

Student Assessment
The Universal Indeed, the UDHR The document The document

Declaration of has inspired more outlines the outlines the human
Human Rights than 80 international human rights that rights that all
(UDHR) is a human rights
all people are people are entitled
milestone document treaties and
declarations, a great
entitled to such as to such as freedom
in the history of freedom from from torture,
number of regional
human rights. Drafted human rights torture, freedom freedom of
by representatives conventions, of expression, expression, and the
with different legal domestic human and the right to right to seek
Universal and cultural rights bills, and seek asylum.
backgrounds from all asylum. When
constitutional When those rights
Declaration of regions of the world, provisions, which
those rights aren't
aren't protected or protected or
Human Rights it set out, for the first together constitute a
blatantly
time, fundamental comprehensive blatantly
legally binding
disregarded, they disregarded, they
human rights to be are violated.
universally protected. system for the are violated.
promotion and
protection of human.
https://www.huma
https://www.un.org/e nrightscareers.co https://www.humanr
https://www.ohchr.or n/about-us/udhr/foun ightscareers.com/is
g/en/universal-declar dation-of-internation m/issues/what-are sues/what-are-hum
ation-of-human-rights al-human-rights-law -human-rights-viol an-rights-violations
ations


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Student Assessment

ASSESSMENT TASK 1 – QUESTIONING

Student ID 16808 Group 9

Explanation of the  List / identify / state / give/provide = present in brief form

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

The Assessment Task

Direct Questions/ Definitions/ List Word limit not applicable

Short 40-50+ words

Medium 60-150+ words

Long 150-300+ words

Assessment Task 1: Research Task

1. Provide a definition of the concept of diversity (Short)

Diversity (2023). What is diversity? Retrieved from

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

3. Provide a description of the following: (Short)

Cultural Awareness (2023). What is cultural awareness? Retrieved from

Cultural Safety (2023). What is cultural safety? Retrieved from

Cultural Competence (2023). What is cultural competence? Retrieved from

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

Cultural Safety (2023) Culturally safe workplaces. Retrieved from

Promote culturally sensitive communication skills

Promote good manners in employees

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

Domestic Policy (2023). What is domestic policy in Australia? Retrieved from

c. How has immigration contributed to economic diversity in Australia?

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

Program and Projects (at

Although poverty in Australia is evident among all ethnic groups, it is Indigenous

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

Key aspects of Aboriginal Key aspects of my Potential impacts due to

Language Language Language

History of Aboriginal and Torres Strait

Social (Marriage) Social (Marriage) Social (Marriage)

Marriage in Traditional Aboriginal Societies (2023). Marriage

Religion Religion Religion

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

a particular creation period at

History History History

Language Language Language

History of Aboriginal and Torres Strait

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

Social (Marriage) Social (Marriage) Social (Marriage)

Marriage in Traditional Aboriginal Societies

Religion Religion Religion

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

History History History

Australia's First Peoples (2022). History of Aboriginal

Lifestyle Lifestyle Lifestyle

Aboriginal or Torres Strait People of the Torres Strait have a long

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

time. Culture, protocols & heritage

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D

Wikipedia (2023). Racial Discrimination Act 1975. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_Discrimination_Act_1975

Wikipedia (2023). Sex Discrimination Act 1984. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_Discrimination_Act_1984

1. educating your employees about discrimination;

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D