IMS Engineering College

NH-09, Adhyatmik Nagar, Near Dasna, Distt. Ghaziabad, U.P.

Tel: (0120) 4940000
Engineering Mathematics-IV

Module I: Partial Differential Equations 8 Origin of Partial Differential Equations, Linear and
Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations of first order, Lagrange’s Equations method to solve
Linear Partial Differential Equations, Charpit’s method to solve Non-Linear Partial Differential
Equations, Solution of Linear Partial Differential Equation of Higher order with constant
coefficients, Equations reducible to linear partial differential equations with constant
coefficients.

Module II: Applications of Partial Differential Equations and Fourier Transform 8 Method of
separation of variables,Solution of one dimensional heat equation, wave equation, Two
dimensional heat equation (only Laplace Equation) and their application, Complex Fourier
transform, Fourier sine transform, Fourier cosine transform, Inverse transform, convolution
theorem, Application of Fourier Transform to solve partial differential equation.

Module III: Statistical Techniques I 8 Overview of Measures of central tendency, Moments,

Skewness, Kurtosis, Curve Fitting, Method of least squares, Fitting of straight lines, Fitting of
second degree parabola, Exponential curves,Correlation and Rank correlation, Regression
Analysis: Regression lines of y on x and x on y.

Module IV: Statistical Techniques II 8 Overview of Probability Random variables (Discrete and
Continuous Random variable) Probability mass function and Probability density function,
Expectation and variance, Discrete and Continuous Probability distribution: Binomial, Poission
and Normal distributions.

Module V: Statistical Techniques III 8 Introduction of Sampling Theory, Hypothesis, Null

hypothesis, Alternative hypothesis, Testing a Hypothesis, Level of significance, Confidence
limits, Test of significance of difference of means, t-test, Z-test and Chi-square test, Statistical
Quality Control (SQC) , Control Charts, Control Charts for variables ( X and R Charts), Control
Charts for Variables (p, np and C charts).

Text Book:

1. Dr. B.S. Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 44thEdition, Khanna Publishers, New
Dehli. Reference Book: 1. Peter V. O’Neil, “Advance Engineering Mathematics”, SI Edition 8th
Edition, Cengage Learning, 2017.

2. B. V. Ramana, Higher Engineering Mathematics, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.,

2017.

3. S. S. Sastry, “Introductory methods of Numerical solutions”, 4th Edition , Prentice Hall of

India.

4. Erwin Kreyszig , “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, John Wiley Publications, 1999.

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Tel: (0120) 4940000
Engineering Mathematics-IV

Unit-3
1. Find the arithmetic mean of the following frequency distribution:
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5 9 12 17 14 10 6
Y

2. Calculate the arithmetic mean of the following frequency distribution:

Marks 0-10 0-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
12 18 27 20 17 6
No. of
students

3. Find the mean for the following distribution:

Class 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
interval
8 26 30 20 16
Frequency

4. Obtain the median of the following frequency distribution:

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Y 8 10 11 16 20 25 15 9 6

5. An incomplete frequency distribution is given as follows: find these given n=229 and md=46
Variable 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
12 30 ? 65 ? 25 18
Frequency

6. Find the mode for the following distribution:

Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
interval
5 8 7 12 28 20 10 10
Frequency

7. Find the median wage of the following frequency distribution:

wages 2000- 3000- 4000- 5000- 6000-
3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
3 5 20 10 5
No of
workers
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8. Calculate mean, median and mode for the data given below:
Class 0-8 8-16 16-24 24-32 32-40 40-48
interval
8 7 16 24 15 7
Frequency

9. Calculate mean, median and mode for the data given below:
Marks 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
4 6 8 12 7 2
No. of
students

10. Find HM and GM from the following Formula>> 𝐺𝑀=𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔[1/ 𝑁 ∑𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖]

HM=n/𝐻𝑀=𝑁/∑𝑓 𝑥𝑖
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
10 5 8 7 20
No of
students

11. A cyclist pedals from his house to his college at a speed of 10 m.p.h. and back from the
college to his house at 15 m.p.h. Find the average speed.
12. Milk is sold at the rates of 8, 10, 12, and 15 rupees/l in four different months. Assuming that
equal amounts are spent on milk by a family in the four months, find the average price in
rupees per month. (10.66)
13. Find the median of 6,8,9,10,11,12,13 2019-20(Odd )
14. In a asymmetrical distribution mean is 6 and median is 20, Calculate mode of distribution
21-22(Odd)

Moments
∑ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )𝑟
𝜇𝑟 =
𝑁
i) Find the first four moments for the following:
x:1,3,9,12,20 Ans(0,46,126,4022.8)
ii) Find the first four moments for the following:
x:3,6,8,10,18 Ans(0,25.6,97.2,1588)
iii) calculate 𝜇2 , 𝜇3 , 𝜇4 for the following distribution:
Marks 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65
10 20 25 20 15 10
No. of
students
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iv) The first four moments of a distribution about the value ‘35’ are -1.8,240,-
1020 and 144000.Find the values of 𝜇1, 𝜇2 , 𝜇3 , 𝜇4 .
v) The first three moments of a distribution about the value ‘2’ of the variable
are 1,16 and -40.Show that the mean is 3,variance is 15 and 𝜇3 = −86.
vi) Calculate 1st 4 central moments of raw moments given as -1.9,181,-970,98500
(2013-14)(0,177.39,47.98, 95009.363)
vii) Calculate the variance and third central moment from the following data:
𝑥𝑖 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
12 30 ? 65 ? 25 18
𝑓𝑖

viii) For frequency distribution:

Values 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
20 19 31 21 10
Frequency

ix) The first three moments of a distribution about the value ‘2’ of the variable are 1,16
and -40 respectively. Find the values of the first three moments about the origin.
Ans-(0,1.5,0,6)(3,10.5,40.5,168 [21-22(even)]
x) The first four moments about the value 2 are 1, 2.5, 5.5 and 16 respectively.
Calculate the first four moments about the mean and about origin.
xi) The first four moments about the value 2 are 1, 2.5, 5.5 and 16 respectively. Find the
first four central moments about origin and the coefficient of skewness.

Skewness and kurtosis

i) Karl pearson’s coefficient of skewness of a distribution is -0.32,its standard deviation
is 6.5 and mean is 29.6.Find the mode of the distribution.
ii) The first three central moments of a distribution are 0,15,-31.Find the moment
coefficient of skewness.
iii) Calculate karl pearson’s coefficient of skewness for the following data:
𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒(𝑅𝑠) 500- 600- 700- 800- 900- 1000-
600 700 800 900 1000 1100
8 12 4 2 1 1
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑒𝑠

iv) Calculate the moment coefficient of skewness for the following distribution:
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𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 2.5-7.5 7.5- 12.5- 17.5- 22.5- 27.5- 32.5-

12.5 17.5 22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5
8 15 20 32 23 17 5
𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

v) Calculate first four moments about mean and also the value of β1 & β2 from the
following data 21-22(odd)
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
F

Ans-(0,2, 0,11),(0,2.75)
vi) The first four moments about mean of a frequency distribution are 0, 100, – 7 and
35000. Discuss the kurtosis of the distribution. Ans(3.5)
vii) The first four moments of the distribution about the value 4 of the variables are -1.5,
17, - 30 and 108 Find the moments about the mean, origin; and moment about x=2
and measure the skewness and Kurtosis also.
Ans-(0,14.75,39.75,142.3125),(2.5,21,166,1132),(0.5,15,62,244) (0.4926,0.6543)
2007,17,23(Odd)
viii) Compute skewness and Kurtosis, if the first four moments of the distribution about
the value 4 of the variables are 1,4,10 and 45. 21-22(Even)
ix) The following table represents the height of a batch of 100 students. Calculate
kurtosis.
Height(cm) 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75
0 2 6 20 40 20 8 2 2
No.of
students

Ans(167.1979,3.9544)

x) Find the moments of the following data:

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 6 13 25 30 22 9 5 2
f

Ans(2.96)
xi) Calculate the Karl person’s coefficient of skewness from the following data and
comment on the result:
𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 3-7 8-12 13-17 18-22 23-27 28-32
108 580 175 80 32 18
𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

(Ans-m-11.99,mo-10.19.sd-5.07, sk-0.355)
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xii) The first four moments of a distribution about working mean 28.5 of a distribution
are 0.294, 7.144, 42.409, and 454.98. Calculate the moments about mean. Also
evaluate𝛽1, 𝛽2 and comment upon the skewness and kurtosis of the distribution.
2014-15

xiii) Find the measure of skewness and Kurtosis on the basis of moments for the
following data:
x 1 3 5 7 9
1 4 6 4 1
y

5(0,4,0,40, 0,2.5)(2014-15,2011 )

xiv) Find the measure of skewness and Kurtosis on the basis of moments and draw your
conclusion:
Marks 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55
1 3 5 7 4
No of
students

35(0,125,-600,37625,0.184,2.408)2014-15(CO)

Curve Fitting, Method of least squares, Fitting of straight lines,2nd degree

parabola, Exponential curves

i) Fit a straight line to the following data by least square method:

X 0 1 2 3 4
1 1.8 3.3 4.5 6.3
F(x)

ii) Fit a second degree parabola to the following data by least square method:
X 0 1 2 3 4
1 1.8 3.3 4.5 6.3
F(x)

iii) Find the best values of a and b so that𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 fit the following data.
x 0 1 2 3 4
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1 2.9 4.8 6.7 8.6

y

Ans(𝑦 = 1 + 1.9𝑥)
iv) Fit a straight line to the following data using the method of least squares:
x 1 2 3 4 5
14 27 40 55 68
y

Ans(𝑦 = 13.66𝑥)
2
v) Fit a curve of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 to the following data by least square method:
x -1 0 1 2
2 5 3 0 Ans(a=4.16, b=-1.11)
y

vi) By the method of least square, fit a second degree parabola to the following data:
x 1 2 3 4
6 11 18 27 Ans(𝑦 = 3 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )
F(x)

vii) Fit a second degree parabola to the following data using the method of least square:
x 1 2 3 4 5
1090 1220 1390 1625 1915
y
Ans (𝑦 = −27.5𝑥 2 + 40.5𝑥 + 1024) (2007, 2010) & ~~21-22(odd)
𝑏
viii) Fit a relation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + which satisfies the ollowing data using the method of least square:
𝑥

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Y 5.4 6.2 8.2 10.3 12.6 14.8 17.2 19.5

Ans(2.39188,2.981)

ix) Determine the constants a and b by the method of least square such that𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥
X 2 4 6 8 10
4.077 11.084 30.128 81.897 222.62
y

Ans(1.49989,.50001)

x) Fit the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 to the following data:

x 2 3 4 5 6
8.3 15.4 33.1 65.2 127.4
y
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Ans𝑦 = 2.04(1.9995) 𝑥 GBTU 2010, 20-21(odd)

xi) Use the method of least square to fit the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 to the following data:
x 2 3 4 5 6
144 172.8 207.4 248.8 298.5
y

xii) Fit the curve 𝑝𝑣 𝑟 = 𝑘 to the following data:

P(kg/𝑐𝑚 2 ) 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
1620 1000 750 620 520 460
V(litre)

xiii) Fit the curve 𝑝𝑣 𝑟 = 𝑘 to the following data:

v 50 100 150 200
135 48 26 17
p

xiv) Fit the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥 to the following data:

X 1 2 3 4 5 6

Y 15.3 20.5 27.4 36.6 49.1 65.6

Ans(a=11.44,b=0.2911 )

xv) The pressure of the gas corresponding to various volumes V is measured given by the following
data:

V(𝑐𝑚 3 ) 50 60 70 90 100

P(𝑘𝑔𝑐𝑚 −2) 64.7 51.3 40.5 25.9 78

Fit the data to equation 𝑝𝑣 𝑟 = 𝑘. Ans(0.28997,167.78765)

𝑐
xvi) Use the method of least square to fit 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑑√𝑥to the following table :

X 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 1 2

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Y 21 11 7 6 5 6

Ans (1.97327,3.2818)

Correlation and Rank correlation

i) Find the coefficient of correlation from the following data :
X: 1 3 5 6 8 10
Y: 8 12 15 18 18 20 (Ans-0.9879)2013-14 2014-15

ii) Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation for the following data: Ans r=0.6 (UKTU 2011)
x 10 14 18 22 26 30
y 18 12 24 6 30 36

iii) Calculate the correlation coefficient for the following height of father and their son’s 2022-23(Odd)
X: 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y: 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71

iv) Define coefficient of correlation. Calculate the coefficient of correlation from the following data
X: 78 89 97 69 59 79 68 57
Y: 125 137 156 112 1047 136 123 108 Ans-(-0.408104), UPTU 05-06

v) Calculate the coefficient of correlation for the following data: Ans 0.817612
Husband’s age(in yrs.) x: 23 27 28 28 29 30 31 33 35 36
Wife’s age(in yrs.) y: 18 20 22 27 21 29 27 29 28 29
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vi) Calculate the coefficient of correlation and moments between the following ages of husband(x) and
wife(y) by taking 30 and 28 as assumed mean in case of x and y respectively: 0.892

X: 24 27 28 28 29 30 32 33 35 35 40
Y: 18 20 22 25 22 28 28 30 27 30 32

vii) Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation for the following data: Ans.0.9553 {2014-15(CO)
X 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
Y 20 18 12 8 10 5 4
viii) Find the Pearson correlation coefficient from the following series of marks obtained by 10
students in a class test in mathematics (X) and in Statistics (Y):
X: 45 70 65 30 90 40 50 75 85 60
Y: 35 90 70 40 95 40 60 80 80 50 Ans (0.9)

SPEARMAN’S RANK CORRELATION

𝟏 𝟏
∑ 𝑫𝟐 ∑ 𝑫𝟐 + 𝒎𝟏 (𝒎𝟏 𝟐 − 𝟏) + + 𝒎𝟐 (𝒎𝟐𝟐 − 𝟏)
𝒓 = 𝟏 −𝟔{ } 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒓 = 𝟏 − 𝟔 { 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 ….}
𝒏(𝒏𝟐 − 𝟏) 𝒏(𝒏𝟐 − 𝟏)

i) Calculate the rank coefficient of correlation from the following data:

X: 75 88 95 70 60 80 81 50
Y: 120 134 150 115 110 140 142 100 Ans 0.93
ii) Ten entries are submitted for a competition. Three judges study each entry and list the ten in
rank order. Their rankings are as follows:
Entry: A B C D E F G H I J
Judge J1: 9 3 7 5 1 6 2 4 10 8
Judge J2: 9 1 10 4 3 8 5 2 7 6
Judge J3: 6 3 8 7 2 4 1 5 9 10
Use the method of rank correlation to determine which pair of judge gueses the nearest
approach to common taste in competition? Ans .71, .8425, .47(7.10.21)
iii) The marks secured by recruits in the selection test (X) and in the proficiency test (Y) are
given below:
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Serial No.: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X: 10 15 12 17 13 16 24 14 22
Y: 30 42 45 46 33 34 40 35 39
Calculate the rank correlation co-efficient.
iv) Ten competitors in a beauty contest were ranked by three judges in the following orders:
First Judge: 1 6 5 10 3 2 4 9 7 8
Second Judge: 3 5 8 4 7 10 2 1 6 9
Third Judge: 6 4 9 8 1 2 3 10 5 7
Use the method of rank correlation to determine which pair of judges has the nearest
approach to common taste in beauty?
v) Obtain the rank correlation co-efficient for the following data:
X: 68 64 75 50 64 80 75 40 55 64
Y: 62 58 68 45 81 60 68 48 50 70.
Ans(0.545)

vi) The following are the heights of father and their eldest son in inches, calculate the coefficient
of correlation:
Father's height: 68 64 69 71 61 62 66 68
Son's height: 66 67 68 70 63 64 65 66 Ans
(0.851602)2012-13
vii) Find the rank of correlation for the following data:
X: 68 69 64 74 78 79 91 94
Y: 66 67 74 84 79 81 90 90

viii) Find the rank correlation coefficient of marks A and b from the following data: 2016(Ans-0)
Marks A: 15 20 27 13 45 60 20 75
Marks B: 50 30 55 30 25 10 30 70

ix) (Repeated Ranks) Find the rank correlation for a certain joint stock company, the prices of
preference shares (X) and debentures (Y) are given below Ansr=0.125
X: 73.2 85.8 78.9 75.8 77.2 81.2 83.8
Y: 97.8 99.2 98.8 98.3 98.3 96.7 97.1

xviii) Find the rank correlation from the following data Ans (r=0.8961)

X: 56 42 72 36 63 47 55 49 38 42 68 60

Y: 147 125 160 118 149 128 150 145 115 140 152 155 (2013-14)

Regression analysis

i) What is the relation between the regression coefficient and coefficient of correlation? 22-23(Even)

ii) If the regression coefficients are 0.8 and 0.2 what would be the value of coefficient of correlation?
20-21(odd)
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iii) If the regression coefficients are 0.8 and 0.8 what would be the value of coefficient of correlation?
21-22(Even)
iv) The following table gives ages(x) in years of cars and annual maintenance cost(y) in hundred
rupees
x: 1 3 5 7 9
y: 15 18 21 23 22 20-21(odd)
estimate the maintenance cost for a 4 year old car after finding the regression Equations
Ans(b=0.95, Rs 1885)
v) Calculate linear regression coefficients from the following:
x:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y:3 7 10 12 14 17 20 24

vi) Find the coefficient of correlation if 2 regression lines are 2𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 6 = 0 and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0

Ans(2/3)

vii) The line of regression of y on x and x on y are respectively 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 16𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 94 Find the
correlation coefficient .

viii) Find the lines of regression for the following data

X: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Y: 3 4 6 9 8 12 16 4 8
Obtain the estimate of Y when X = 4·5. (a=4.1944,b=0.7166) y=7.4191) 2012-13
ix) The two lines of regression for a bivariate distribution are 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 = 𝟕 and 𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 = 𝟗. Find the
regression coefficient 𝒃𝒚𝒙 and 𝑏𝑥𝑦 Ans(-2/3, -1/4)MTU-12-13
x) Find the coefficient of correlation if 2 regression lines are 5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 22 and 64𝑥 − 45𝑦 = 24
(1/5,64/45)2013-14
xi) Find the line of regression for the following data (a=.869, b=3.99),(a=.842,b=-.8143)(05-06)
X: 1 3 5 7 11 13 17 19
Y: 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23
xii) From the following data, determine the equations of line of regression of yon x and x on y.
x: 6 2 10 4 8
y: 9 11 5 8 7 (21-22 even)
xiii) In a partially destroyed laboratory record of an analysis of a correlation data, the following
results only are legible: Variance of x = 9 Regression equations: 8x-10y + 66 = 0, 40x-18y = 214.
evaluate
(a) the mean values of x and y
(b) the standard deviation of y and the coefficient of correlation between x and y.
Ans---(13,17),r=0.σy = 4 UPTU 2008,2009,10,14-15,18,19-20(odd)
xiv) The two lines of regressions are given by 5y − 8x + 17 = 0 and 2y − 5x + 14 = 0. And variance of
y =16. Calculate
a. The mean of x and y
b. Variance of x
c. The correlation coefficient.
xvi) The regression lines of y on x and x on y are respectively y = ax + b and x = cy + d.
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𝜎 𝑎 𝑏𝑐+𝑑 𝑎𝑑+𝑏
Show that𝜎𝑥 = √ 𝑐 . 𝑥̅ = 1−𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑦̅ = 2009
𝑦 1−𝑎𝑐

xvii) If two random variables, x and y with the same mean, the regression equations are 𝑦 =
𝑏 1−𝑎 𝛽−𝑏
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏and 𝑥 = 𝛼𝑦 + 𝛽. Show that 𝛽 = 1−𝛼 and find the common mean. Ans𝑚 = 𝑎−𝛼
GBTU 2010,14-15,2017
xviii) Find the regression equations and coefficient of correlation from the given data:
∑ 𝑥 = 60, ∑ 𝑥 2 = 4160, ∑ 𝑦 = 40, ∑ 𝑦 2 = 1720, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 1150, 𝑁 = 10

xix) Find the angle between two lines of regression and interpret it for r = 0, ±1. 2015,17.

xx) Find the multiple linear regression of X1 on X2 and X3 from the following data relating
to three variables
X1: 7 12 17 20
X2 : 4 7 9 12
X3 : 1 2 5 8 Ans(x=0.6441+1.661y+0.0169z) ( 2009,17)

xxi) Find the multiple linear regression of X1 on X2 and X3 from the following data relating
to three variables
X1: 3 5 6 8 12 10
X2 10 10 5 7 5 2
X3 20 25 15 16 15 2 2019-20(Odd)
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Module IV: Statistical Techniques II

Random variables (Discrete and Continuous Random variable)

i) Define random variable.

ii) A random variables X has the following probability function: Value of X
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 2
p(x): 0 k 2k 2k 3k 𝑘 2𝑘 7𝑘 2 + 𝑘
a. Find k
b. Evaluate P(x<6),p(x≥2),p(3<x≤6),p(x≥6 ). 2022-23
1
c. Find the minimal value of x so that p(X≤x>2).

iii) A die is tossed thrice. A success is getting 1 or 6. Find the mean and the variance of the number of
successes.

iv) A random variables X has the following probability function:

x: 0 1 2 3
F(x): 3k 2k 2k k Determine (i) k (ii) mean of the distribution .
v) Probability mass function and probability density function.
𝑘
vi) If the probability density function 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1+𝑥 2 , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞.Find the value of k and the
probability distribution function.
vii) If the probability density function 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑒 −|𝑥| , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
Find the value of ‘c’, mean and variance
viii) The probability density function f(x) of a continuous random variable X is defined by If the
𝐴
, 5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10
𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 Find the value of A.
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒.
ix) The probability density function 𝑓 (𝑥)of a continuous random variable X is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
3
{𝑘𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 Find the value of k.
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒.
3
x) For the continuous variable X if 𝑓 (𝑥) = 4 (𝑥 2 + 1), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
i) Verify that f(x) is a probability distribution function
ii) Find 𝜆 such that 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 𝜆) = 𝑃(𝑥. . 𝜆)
3
xi) For the continuous variable X if 𝑓 (𝑥) = 4 (𝑥 2 + 1), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
i) Find the mean of random variable X .
ii) Find 𝜆 such that 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 𝜆) = 𝑃(𝑥 > 𝜆)
xii) Probability density function of a continuous random variable X is defined by
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0, 𝑥 < 0
𝑘𝑥,0≤𝑥≤2
𝑓(𝑥) = {(4−𝑥)𝑘 2≤𝑥≤4 Find the value of k and 𝑃(2.5)
0, 𝑥 > 4

Expectation and variance

i) consider the following discrete probability distribution:

x: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

p(x):0.05 0.1 0.2 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.10

Find f(x).

ii) A random variable x has the following probability distribution:

X: 0 1 2 3

F(x):1/7 3/7 2/7 1/7 Find the standard deviation.

iii) What is the expected value of the number of points that will be obtained in single throw an
ordinary die? Find variance also.
iv) Thirteen cards are drawn simultaneously from a pack of 52 cards . If aces count 1, face cards 10
and others according to denomination, find the expectation of the total score on the 13 cards.

Binomial Distribution: [𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝒑𝒓 𝒒𝒏−𝒓 & 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 = 𝒏𝒑, 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 = 𝒏𝒑𝒒]

i) Comment on the following statements: for a Binomial distribution, mean is 6 and variance
is 9. [20-21(odd)
ii) A die is tossed thrice. A success is getting 1 or 6 on a toss. Find the mean and variance of
the number of success 21-22(even
iii) Find the mean of the Binomial distribution. 19-20(odd
iv) Find the parameter p and q of the binomial distribution whose mean is 12 and SD is 2
.2015-16
v) If 10% of the bolts produced by a machine are defective, determine the probability that out
of 10 bolts chosen at random
a) 1 b) None
c) at most 2 bolts will be defective Ans--(0.3874,0.3486,0.9297) BT21-22(Odd

vii) A die is thrown five times. If getting an odd number is a success, find the probability of
getting at least four successes. 2012(3/16)

viii) Six dice are thrown 729 times. How many times do you expect at least three dice to show a
five or six?
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ix) Out of 800 families with 4 children each, what percentage would you expect to have

a) 2 boys and 2 girls

b) at least one boys.

C) no girl

d) at most 2 girls Assume equal probability for boys and girls. Ans—300,750, 50, 550,

x) The probability of any ship of a company being destroyed on a certain voyage is 0.02. The company
owns 6 ships for the voyage. What is the probability of a. Losing one ship b. Losing at most two
ships c. Losing none? (0.1085,0.9997,0.8858) 2014-15

xi) A can hit a target 3 times in 5 shots, B 2 times in 5 shots and C 3 times in 4 shots. They fire a volley.
What is the probability that

(i) two shots hit,

(ii) at least two shots hit the target.

xii) The incidence of a certain disease is such that on the average 20 % of workers suffer from it. If 10
workers are selected at random, find the probability that
i. Exactly 2 workers suffer from disease
ii. Not more than 2 workers suffer from the disease.

Calculate the probability up to fourth decimal places. 2015-16

xiii) Fit a Binomial distribution to the data given in the following table:2012 100(0.7+0.3)^4
X 0 1 2 3 4
24 41 28 5 2
F(x)

xiv) Fit a binomial distribution to the following frequency data: Ans)150(0.68+0.32)^4 2013-14,
~~21(odd
X: 0 1 2 3 4
Y: 30 62 46 10 2
xv) Fit a binomial distribution to the following data : 104(0.7404+0.2596)^4 2011
xvi) X: 0 1 3 4
F(x): 28 62 10 4
xv) The sum and product of the mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 24 and 128
respectively. Find the distribution. MTU 2012-13
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xvi) A binomial variable X satisfies the relation 9P (X = 4) = P(X = 2) when n = 6. Find the value
of the parameter p and P(X = 1).
xvii) Find the mean and variance of Binomial distribution BT22-23(Odd

𝑒 −𝜆 𝜆𝑟
Poisson Distribution: [𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒓) = & 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧 = 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 = 𝝀 = 𝒏𝒑]
𝑛!

i) Show that Poisson distribution is the limiting case of binomial distribution.

ii) Using the Poisson distribution, find the probability that the king of spades will be drawn
from a pack of well-shuffled cards at least once in 104 consecutive trials. 2015(0.8647)
iii) If the prob. Of a bad reaction from a certain injection is 0.0002, determine the chance that
out of 1000 individuals more than two will get a bad reaction. Ans(0.0012, BT 21-22(Even
iv) Suppose that a book of 600 pages contains 40 printing mistakes. Assume that these errors
are randomly distributed throughout the book and r, the number of errors per page has a
Poisson distribution. What is the probability that 10 pages selected at random will be free
from errors?
v) In a book of 600 pages, there are 60 typographical errors. Assuming Poisson law for the error
per page. find the probability that a random chosen 4 pages will contain no error BT22-
23(Odd
vi) It is given that 2% of the electric bulbs manufactured by a company are defective. Using
Poisson distribution, find the probability that a sample of 200 bulbs will contain
a) no defective bulb
b) two defective bulbs
c) at most three defective bulbs. 2011(0.0183,0.1465,0.43347

vi) The number of accidents in a year involving taxi drivers in a city follows a poison distribution with
mean equal to 3. Out of 1,000 text drivers find approximately the number of drivers such that

a. no accidents in a year

b. more than three accidents in a year [𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒 −3 = 0.04979) 21-22(Odd

vii) The distribution of the number of road accident per day in a city is Poisson with mean 4. Find the
number of days out of 100 days when there will be

(i) no accident
(ii) at least 2 accidents
vii) Six coins are tossed 6400 times. Using the Poisson distribution, determine the approximate
probability of getting six heads x times. 2014-15
viii) There are 50 telephone lines in an exchange. The probability that any one of them will be
busy is 0·1. What is the probability that all the lines are busy? 2012-13
xvii) In a certain factory, turning out razor blades, there is a small chance of 0.002 for any blade to be
defective. The blades are supplied in packets of 10. Calculate the approximate number of packets
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containing no defective, one defective and two defective blades in a consignment of 10000 packets.
(9802,196,2)2009
xviii) Drive the Poisson distribution as a limiting case of binomial distribution. 2010,13,13,14,21-22(odd
xix) Find the moment generating function of Poisson distribution and hence calculate its mean and
variance.

xiii) Fit a Poisson distribution to the following data and calculate theoretical frequencies

Deaths: 0 1 2 3 4 2010,14,19 (odd),~~21(even

Frequencies: 122 60 15 2 1 Ans(121,61,15,3,0)
xx) Fit a Poisson distribution for the following data and test the goodness of fit at 5% level of
significance
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x): 110 170 130 60 23 7 BT22-23(Odd
xxi) The following table gives the number of days in a 50 days period during which automobile accidents
occurs in a city
No of accidents: 0 1 2 3 4
No of Days: 21 18 7 3 1
Fit a Poisson Distribution to the data and calculate the theoretical frequency 21-22(Even)
xxii) If X variable follow the poison distribution such that

𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 9𝑃(𝑋 = 4) + 90𝑃(𝑋 = 6) find mean variance and distribution.

Normal Distribution:

i) Find the area under the normal curve in each of the cases:

a. 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1.2

b. 𝑧 = −0.68 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 0

c. 𝑧 = −0.46 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 2.21

d. 𝑧 = 0.81 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 1.94

e. To the Lelft of z = -0.6

f. Right of z = -1.28

ii) Find the value of z in each of the classes

a. Area between 0 and z is 0.3770

b. Area to the left of z is 0.8621

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iii) A sample of 100 dry battery cells tested to find the length of life produced the following results: x̅ =
12 hours, σ = 3 hours. Assuming the data to be normally distributed, what percentage of battery cells
expected to have life

a) More than 15 hours

b) less than 6 hours

c) between 10 and 14 hours? 20-21(odd)

iv) In a sample of 1000 cases, the mean of a certain test is 14 and S.D. is 2.5. Assuming the distribution
to be normal, find

a) How many students score between 12 and 15?

b) How many score above 18?

c) How many score below 8?

d) How many score 16?

Ans--(444, 55, 8,116) 2014-15,21-22(Odd )

v) Assume mean heights of soldiers to be 68.22 inches with a variance of 10.8 inches square. How many
soldiers in a regiment of 1,000 would you expect to be over 6 feet tall, given that the area under the
standard normal curve between z = 0 and z = 0.35 is 0.1368 and between z = 0 and z = 1.15 is
0.3746.(Ans 125,2011)

vi) In a normal distribution, 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% are over 64. Find the mean and SD of
1 𝑡 2
the distribution. It is given that if 𝑓(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 /2 𝑑𝑥
√2𝜋 0
then f(0.5)=0.19 and f(1.4)=0.42.
2014-15,18,19
vii) An electrical firm manufactures light bulbs which have a life length that is normally distributed with
mean 800 hours and standard deviation of 40 hours. Find the probability that the bulb burns between
778 hours to 834 hours. Ans(0.511 )
viii) The Life of Army shoes is normally distributed with mean 8 months and standard deviation 2
months. if 5000 pairs are insured, how many pairs would be expected to need replacement after 12
months?
ix) If the height of 300 students is normally distributed with mean 64.5 inches and standard deviation
3.3 inches find the height below which 99% of the students lie .
x) A manufacture knows from experience that the resistance of resistors he produces is normal with
mean 100 ohms and standard deviation 2 ohms. Determine what percentage of resistors will have
resistance between 98 ohms and 102ohms. BT21-22(Odd
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xi) Suppose that the weight of 600 male students is normally distributed with mean 70 kg and
SD 5 kg. Find the number of students with weight (i) between 69 and 74 kg (ii) more than
76 kg BT21-22(Even
xii) In a normal distribution, 12% of the items are under 30 and 85% are under 60. Find the
mean and SD of the distribution. 22-23(E, BT22-23(Even)