English syllabus level 3 2023-2024

A. Dechêne, I. Ledain, V.
Soquette English Level 3 CBCEC 2023-2024
Chambre Belge des Comptables et Experts-Comptables

rue Saint-Nicolas, 70
4000 LIEGE
Teachers: A. Dechêne, I. Ledain & V. Soquette
Academic year: 2023-2024
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A. Dechêne, I. Ledain, V. Soquette English Level 3 CBCEC 2023-2024
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Table of contents
Table of contents ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
Part I: Everyday Vocabulary

1. Introduce your neighbour ---------------------------------------------------------------- 9
2. Greetings, farewells and special expressions ------------------------------------------- 12
3. Linking words ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
4. Storytelling ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
5. Phrasal verbs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Part II: Business Vocabulary

6. Work and jobs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
7. Ways of working -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
8. Recruitment and selection --------------------------------------------------------------- 37
9. Skills and qualifications ------------------------------------------------------------------ 40
10. Telephoning 1: Phones and numbers ----------------------------------------------------- 43
11. Telephoning 2: Getting through --------------------------------------------------------- 46
12. Telephoning 3: Messages ----------------------------------------------------------------- 49
13. Telephoning 4: Arrangements ------------------------------------------------------------ 52
14. Bookkeeping ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
15. Meetings 1: Types of meeting ----------------------------------------------------------- 58
16. Meetings 2: Points of view --------------------------------------------------------------- 61
17. Meetings 3: Agreements and disagreements ------------------------------------------- 64
Part III: I love Grammar

18. Countable or uncountable? --------------------------------------------------------------- 67
19. The articles ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
20. Present continuous and present simple -------------------------------------------------- 74
21. Present simple and present continuous: Summary -------------------------------------- 79
22. Past continuous and past simple --------------------------------------------------------- 80
23. Past simple and past continuous: Summary ---------------------------------------------- 85
24. Irregular verbs --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86
25. The ED ending ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90
26. Present perfect -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 91
27. The future -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96
28. Conditionals ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
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29. Modals------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109

30. Verb patterns ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 112
31. Comparative and superlative adjectives ------------------------------------------------- 115
32. Relative clauses --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 118
33. Tenses: Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124
34. The passive voice ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125
35. Prepositions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
36. Revision of the tenses ------------------------------------------------------------------- 151
37. Revisions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 155
Part IV: Head for Business

38. A common language ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 167
39. Work to live, live to work ---------------------------------------------------------------- 173
40. Transitions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 179
41. Company culture -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 185
42. Free to trade ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 191
43. The art of persuasion -------------------------------------------------------------------- 198
Part V: Listening Comprehension

44. Job interview ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 205
45. Trade fairs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 206
46. How do you see your future? ------------------------------------------------------------ 209
47. Alan talking about London ---------------------------------------------------------------- 211
48. Happy Xmas (war is over) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 213
49. An important appointement -------------------------------------------------------------- 214
50. Jamie Oliver ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 217
51. Interview with Aneta -------------------------------------------------------------------- 218
52. Smart home ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 220
53. Gap year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 221
Part VI: Commercial Correspondence

54. Writing a CV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 225
55. Emails ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 233
56. Commercial correspondence ------------------------------------------------------------- 236
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Part VII: Easy Translations

57. ET: Present simple & continuous --------------------------------------------------------- 243
58. ET: Past simple & continuous ------------------------------------------------------------- 244
59. ET: Present perfect ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 245
60. ET: Articles ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 246
61. ET: Future -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 247
62. ET: Modals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 248
63. ET: Verb patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 249
64. ET: Comparative & superlative ----------------------------------------------------------- 250
65. ET: Relative clauses ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 251
66. ET: Passive voice ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 252
67. ET: Tenses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 253
68. ET: Idioms 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 254
69. ET: Idioms 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 255
70. ET: Indirect speech ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 256
Part VIII: Written Expression

71. WE: Introduce yourself ------------------------------------------------------------------ 259
72. WE: Work and jobs ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 260
73. WE: Ways of working -------------------------------------------------------------------- 261
74. WE: Recruitment and selection ---------------------------------------------------------- 262
75. WE: Skills and qualifications ------------------------------------------------------------- 263
76. WE: Telephoning 1: Phones and numbers ------------------------------------------------ 264
77. WE: Telephoning 2: Getting through ---------------------------------------------------- 265
78. WE: Telephoning 3: Messages ----------------------------------------------------------- 266
79. WE: Telephoning 4: Arrangements ------------------------------------------------------ 267
80. WE: Bookkeeping ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 268
81. WE: Meetings 1: Types of meeting ------------------------------------------------------ 269
82. WE: Meetings 2: Points of view ---------------------------------------------------------- 270
83. WE: Meetings 3: Agreement and disagreement ---------------------------------------- 271
84. WE: CV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 272
85. WE: Covering letter ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 273
86. WE: Emails -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 274
87. WE: Complaining -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 275
88. WE: Why should we hire you? ----------------------------------------------------------- 276
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Part IX: Oral Expression

89.. Prepositions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 279
90. Working style ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 281
Part X: Miscellaneous
91. Assessment grid for the written expression ------------------------------------------- 285
92. Assessment grid for the oral expression ----------------------------------------------- 286
Reliable sources --------------------------------------------------------------------- 287
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1. Introduce your neighbour

1) Questions > Fun intro game: Two truths and a lie. Make three
statements about yourself, two true and one false. The class will guess!
Ask your neighbour the suitable questions in order to get the following pieces of information.
Question: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Question: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Address: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Question: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
E-mail address: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Question: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Age: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Question: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Marital status: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Question: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Children: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Question: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Job: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Question: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Reasons for becoming an accountant: …………………………………………………………………………………………
Question: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Hobbies: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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2) How to introduce someone?
Use the words in the box below.
1. Kevin, ……………………………………… ……………………………………… my friend, Bob.
2. Peter, have you ……………………………………… Linda?
3. John, do you ……………………………………… Susan?
4. Ben, I’d like you to ……………………………………… my brother, Jack.
5. Let me ……………………………………… you to our agent, Martin Mackay.
6. ……………………………………… I introduce my colleague, Mr Brown?
7. Hey Pete, this is Sam. He’s ……………………………………… Atlanta.
may know
meet from
met is
introduce this
3) What to say when being introduced?
Dialogue 1
Kevin: Hi, Bob.
Bob: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Dialogue 2
A. Hello!
B. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Dialogue 3
A. Pleased to meet you.
B. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Dialogue 4
A. How do you do?
B. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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4) How to introduce yourself?
Use the words in the box below.
1. ……………………………………… ’m Bob Gordon.
2. ……………………………………… name is Chris Evans. I’d like to make your ……………………………….
3. …………………………………… me, aren’t you Peter Johnson? I’ve been ………………………………………
forward to ……………………………………… you. My ……………………………………… is Linda Gordon.
4. You ………………………………… be John’s sister. I’m Eric Thompson. So …………………………………
to meet you. I’ve ……………………………………… so much about you.
5. ‘You must be Mark.’ ‘I’m …………………………………… but you’ve been ……………………………………/
you’re ……………………………………… me with someone else/I’m afraid you’re talking to the
……………………………………… person. I’m Rick.’
meeting wrong
name sorry
misinformed I
must excuse
glad my
heard looking
confusing acquaintance
5) Role play
You are with your neighbour (see above) in a restaurant and you meet a friend of yours.
Introduce your neighbour to your friend.
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2. Greetings, farewells
and special expressions

1) Greetings: ‘hello’
2) Farewells: ‘goodbye’
3) Happy occasions and celebrations
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4) Expressions for special situations
Exercises
Exercise 1
What message could you write in a card to these people?
1. A friend. Next week is 25 December.
Happy Christmas.
2. A friend who is 21 tomorrow.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A friend. It will be 1 January in three days’ time.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A very good friend who has just passed some important exams.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. A friend who is going to take his driving test in three days’ time.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. A friend you will visit when you return from your holiday, but you’re not sure when.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 2
When do we use these expressions? Do you have similar ones in your language?
a. Hard luck.
Use: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translation: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Say ‘cheese’.
Use: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translation: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. Watch out!
Use: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translation: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. Keep your fingers crossed.
Use: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Translation: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3
Complete the conversations in a suitable way.
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Exercise 4
What could you say in these situations?
1. You are in a meeting. Someone enters the room and says you have an important
telephone call. What do you say as you leave?
Excuse me. I won’t be long.
2. Someone says something to you but you didn’t hear all of it. What do you say?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. You met a new business client for the first time 15 minutes ago, and now you are
leaving. What do you say?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. You are in a crowded bus. It is your stop and you want to get off. What do you say
to other passengers as you move past them?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. You are staying with some English friends. What do you say to them when you leave
the room in the evening to go to bed?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. You are in the street. A woman walks past you and at the same time something falls
out of her bag. She has her back to you. What do you say?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. A friend tells you they have just won some money.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Another friend is going for a job interview this afternoon.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3. Linking words
1) To show similarity
similarly de façon similaire like comme

likewise de façon similaire in the same way de la même façon
in a similar manner d'un manière similaire analogously de façon analogue
2) To compare or show contrast
however cependant compared to comparé à

nevertheless néanmoins although bien que
rather plutôt conversely inversément
whereas alors que meanwhile cependant
but mais in contrast en contraste
yet cependant after all après tout
on the other hand d'autre part otherwise sinon, autrement
on the contrary au contraire alternatively de façon alternative
by comparison en comparaison on the one hand d'une part
3) To express an alternative
or ou
either… or… ou bien… ou bien…
whether… or… soit… soit…
4) To express concession
granted soit, d'accord of course évidemment, bien sûr

naturally naturellement one may object that… on peut objecter que
5) To introduce a new point
furthermore en outre
moreover de plus, en plus
in addition de plus, de surcroît
6) To place what you have just said in a particular context

in this connection à ce propos
in this perspective dans cette perspective
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7) To add something
and et furthermore en outre

again à nouveau next ensuite, après
and then et ensuite moreover de plus, en plus
besides de plus, en outre as well as ainsi que
equally important d'importance égale in addition de plus, de surcroît
finally finalement first (second, etc.) 1er (2ème, etc)
further de plus, en outre not only… but non seulement… mais encore
8) To prove your point
because parce que indeed en effet

for car in fact = actually en fait
since = as puisque, comme in any case du moins, en tout cas
for the same reason pour la même raison that is c'est-à-dire
obviously évidemment demonstrably manifestement
evidently évidemment
9) To show cause and effect
as a result à cause de cela on account of à cause de

consequently par conséquent, donc accordingly par conséquent
hence donc, d'où for this reason pour cette raison
due to à cause de, en raison de therefore donc
10) To give an example or an illustration
for example par exemple to take another example pour donner un autre exemple
for instance par exemple namely à savoir, c-à-d

in this case dans ce cas that is c'est-à-dire
in another case dans un autre cas as shown by comme montré par
take the case of prenez le cas de as illustrated by comme illustré par
to illustrate pour illustrer as expressed by comme exprimé par
as an illustration comme illustration
11) To repeat, insist and/or refer back to an earlier point
as I have said comme je l'ai dit as suggested above comme suggéré ci-dessus
in brief en bref as has been noted comme on l'a remarqué

as I have noted comme je l'ai remarqué
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12) To emphasize
definitely certainement surprisingly étonnament

extremely extrêmement emphatically clairement
indeed en effet without a doubt sans aucun doute
absolutely absolument certainly certainement
positively incontestablement undeniably indéniablement
obviously évidemment without reservation sans réserve
naturally naturellement perennially éternellement
always toujours forever (pour) toujours
never jamais
13) To conclude a paragraph or an essay
thus ainsi, donc to conclude pour conclure

lastly enfin, en dernier lieu in conclusion en conclusion
in brief en bref as I have shown comme je l'ai montré
in short (en) bref as I have said comme je l'ai dit
to sum up pour résumer
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4. Storytelling
1. Stories or anecdotes are usually told in five stages.
1) Introduction 2) Background 3) Problem 4) Resolution 5) Comment
Put the story below in the correct order by matching each paragraph to one of the stages
above.
A Beijing surprise
A: ………………………………………
(1) ……………………………… somebody lit some candles and put them around the
room, (2) ……………………………… I still couldn’t see my notes very well. The
speech was a complete disaster. You can imagine my surprise when the
Chinese businessmen started to smile and clapped loudly when I finished
the talk. I sat down and started to eat my meal. (3) ……………………………… I
asked the translator sitting next to me why everyone had clapped so
enthusiastically, she replied, ‘None of the people here speaks English. I’ll
translate your speech for them (4) ……………………………….’
B: ………………………………………
Since then I’ve never prepared any of my speeches. They seem to work better when I
improvise. I did give the translator my notes though!
C: ………………………………………
I was in Beijing as part of a trade delegation and our company was one of several asked to
give a speech. I had spent a long time preparing my speech and had written about five pages
of notes. I suppose there were about thirty people in the room listening to me and I was
quite nervous.
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D: ………………………………………
Have I ever told you about the time I was asked to give a speech to some Chinese
businessmen?
E: ………………………………………
I started to speak. (5) ……………………………… there was a power cut and all the lights in the room
went out.(6) ……………………………… I couldn’t see my notes very well at all. (7) ………………………………, I
continued speaking, (8) ……………………………… I realised that I had started with page three and
couldn’t find page four or five. (9) ……………………………… I just improvised (10) ………………………………
I found page one.
2. Complete the story in 1 with the following linking words and phrases.
in the end just then however when because of this
and then eventually but soon so but later
3. Work with a partner. Look at the prompts below. Use them to create your own story. Tell
your story in the five stages described in 1 and include some of the words and phrases in 2.
When you are ready, hand your story in to your teacher.
a secretary an office party a car crash an airport a text message
the CEO a bottle of champagne a business trip a broken lift
a hotel bridal suite a stolen laptop a strange taxi ride €60,000
an e-mail a meal in a restaurant
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5. Phrasal verbs
I. FORM AND MEANING
1) Formation
A phrasal verb is a verb + ……………………………………… or ………………………………………, and occasionally a
verb + ……………………………………… and ……………………………………….
Examples:
The price of petrol is going up (=………………………………………) again.
He fell over (= fell to the ………………………………………) and hurt his knee.
She’s trying to find out (=………………………………………) the name of that new hotel.
Who’s going to look after (=………………………………………) the children when their mother is in
hospital?
If you don’t understand the meaning, look it up. (= find the ……………………………………… in a
………………………………………)
He doesn’t get on with (= have a ……………………………………… relationship with) his parents.
(verb + adv + prep)
2) Meaning
Sometimes the adverb or preposition ……………………………………… change the meaning, but makes it
sound more ……………………………………….
Examples:
I didn’t wake ……………………………………… until 7 o’clock.
Sit ……………………………………… and be quiet.
She stood ……………………………………… and went over to the door.
Hurry ……………………………………… or we'll be late.
I'm saving ……………………………………… for a new computer.
He told me to lie ……………………………………… on the bed.
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Sometimes an adverb adds a ……………………………………… meaning. For example, back can mean
'………………………………………’.
Examples:
I’m going to take that jacket back to the shop; it’s too small.
You can look at the books but remember to put them back on the shelf.
More often, the adverb or preposition ……………………………………… the meaning of the verb: ‘take
off’ doesn’t mean the same as ‘take’, and ‘get on’ doesn’t mean the same as ‘get’. Here are
some examples:
It took her a long time to get over (=………………………………………) her illness.
We’ll take a short break and then carry on (=………………………………………) with the meeting.
My wife has decided to give up (=………………………………………) smoking.
I can’t make any sandwiches – we’ve run ……………………………………… bread. (= no bread is
left; it is finished)
I’ve told them we can’t put the meeting off. (= change the time of the meeting to a
……………………………………… date)
3) Multiple meanings
/!\ Be careful: many phrasal verbs have more than one ……………………………………… /!\
Examples:
It was so hot that I had to take off (=………………………………………) my jacket.
I’m always nervous when the plane takes off. (=………………………………………)
I’ve got a lot of work to get through (=………………………………………) before Friday.
I tried phoning him, but I couldn’t get through. (=………………………………………)
My alarm clock didn’t go off (=………………………………………) this morning.
The bomb could go off (=………………………………………) at any minute.
The fish will go off (=………………………………………) if you don’t put it in the fridge.
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I picked up most of the rubbish. (=………………………………………)
I have to pick Jane up (=………………………………………) from the station.
4) Exercises
Exercise 1
Complete the phrasal verbs. Remember to put the verb into the correct form.
1. I don’t think they ever ……………………………………… out how the man escaped.
2. The children went round the school and ……………………………………… up all the rubbish.
3. This milk smells horrible; I think it has ……………………………………… off.
4. I rang the tourist information office but I couldn’t ……………………………………… through.
It’s engaged all the time.
5. The relationship was difficult at first, but I think she ……………………………………… on
with him quite well now.
6. If she’s still ill tomorrow, we’ll have to ……………………………………… off the trip to France
until later in the month.
7. I agreed to ……………………………………… after my sister’s cat when she went to France.
8. We can ……………………………………… on with this exercise while the others are in the
library.
9. Our English teacher said we should ……………………………………… through the textbook by
the end of the course.
10. I’m afraid this photocopier has ……………………………………… out of paper, but you can use
the one in my office.
Exercise 2
Complete these sentences in a logical way.
1. It will take her a long time to get over ……………………………………………………………………………
2. The plane took off …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. He had to look it up …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I don’t really get on with ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She came in and took off ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I’ve decided to give up ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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7. Who is going to look after ……………………………………………………………………………………………………?
8. I went to the garage to pick up ……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I’m afraid we’ve run out of ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. My rent is going up …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. GRAMMAR AND STYLE
1) Grammar: ……………………………………… verbs
Some phrasal verbs are ………………………………………. They don’t need an ……………………………………… after
the verb, and we cannot put another ……………………………………… between different parts of the
verb.
Examples:
He grew up in a city. (= spent his ……………………………………… / developed into an adult) (NOT
He grew in a city up.)
Don’t wait out there. Please come in. (=………………………………………)
I’m going to stay in (= stay ………………………………………) this evening.
We set off (=……………………………………… the journey; usually a long journey) at about 7.30.
2) Grammar: ……………………………………… verbs
Many phrasal verbs are ………………………………………: they need a ……………………………………… object after
the verb. You can usually put the object ……………………………………… the different parts of the verb,
or ……………………………………… the phrasal verb.
Put on your shoes. ✓ Turn on the TV. ✓ Take off your coat. ✓
Put your shoes on. ✓ Turn the TV on. ✓ Take your coat off. ✓
If the object is a ………………………………………, it must go in the ……………………………………….
Put them on. ✓ Turn it on. ✓ Take it off. ✓
(NOT Put on them.) (NOT Turn on it.) (NOT Take off it.)
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3) Exercises
Exercise 1
Correct any mistakes with word order in these sentences. Be careful: some are correct.
1. He’s putting his boots on.
2. I told the children I'd pick up them after school.
3. She grew on a farm up.
4. We set off very early this morning.
5. It's a big problem but the man will sort out it.
6. I think she made that story up.
7. We know there were two thieves, but do you know how they broke the house into?
8. I said I'd look after them if necessary.
Exercise 2
Make these texts more informal by changing the underlined verbs to phrasal verbs.
1. The cost of living is increasing all the time and I am now finding it quite difficult
to manage on my salary. I can probably continue for a few months, but after that
I may have to look for another job.
increasing  ………………………………………
manage  ………………………………………
continue  ………………………………………
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2. She told us to enter, but then we had to remove our shoes.
enter  ………………………………………
remove  ………………………………………
3. The teacher told half the class to invent a story to go with the picture in our books,
while the other half did Exercise 5. She said we could all omit Exercise 4 if we
wanted to.
invent  ………………………………………
omit  ………………………………………
4. I don’t know why they rejected my offer of help because the company is in a lot of
trouble and they’ve got no one to solve the problems.
rejected  ………………………………………
solve  ………………………………………
Exercise 3
Fill the gaps to complete the phrasal verbs in these sentences.
1. I’m afraid the photocopier has just broken ………………………….
2. I couldn’t do the second question, so I left it ………………………….
3. Put your coat ………………………… if you’re cold.
4. If there are problems with the computer, I usually have to sort it ………………………….
5. He told me he was 25, but I don’t believe him. I think he’s making that ……………………….
6. You’re not going to throw ………………………… that food, are you?
7. Why couldn’t the plane take …………………………?
8. I think she grew ………………………… in a small village.
9. We’ll get there by seven if we set ………………………… now.
10. They offered him the job but he turned it ………………………….
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Exercise 4
Match the phrasal verb with a synonym.
LEVEL ONE LEVEL TWO
1. start off a. repay 1. hold on a. find (by chance)

2. call on b. follow 2. make up b. explode
3. go into c. escape 3. come across c. remove
4. go back d. enter 4. pick out d. lift
5. put on e. arrive 5. pick up e. search
6. get in f. shout 6. work out f. invent
7. come after g. begin 7. blow up g. discover
8. call out h. pass 8. look for h. meet (by chance)
9. try out i. wear 9. find out i. exercise
10. pay back j. test 10. drop by j. wait
11. go by k. return 11. take out k. visit (informally)
12. get away l. visit 12. run into l. choose
Level one
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Level two
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
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6. Work and jobs

1) What do you do?
2) Word combinations with ‘work’
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3) Types of job and types of work
Exercises
Exercise 1
Pierre is talking about his work. Correct what he says.
I work for a French supermarket company. I work (1) about the development of new
supermarkets. In fact, I (2) running the development department and I (3) am manage for a
team looking at the possibilities in different countries. It’s very interesting. One of my (4)
main is to make sure that new supermarkets open on time. I’m also (5) charged with financial
reporting. I deal (6) at a lot of different organizations in my work. I’m (7) responsible of
planning projects from start to finish. I work closely (8) near our foreign partners, and so I
travel a lot.
(1) ……………………………………………………………………… (5) ………………………………………………………………………
(2) ……………………………………………………………………… (6) ………………………………………………………………………
(3) ……………………………………………………………………… (7) ………………………………………………………………………
(4) ……………………………………………………………………… (8) ………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 2
Complete the text with one of the prepositions from “Word combinations with ‘work’”.
Exercise 3
Write about each person using words from “Types of job and types of work”, and the words in
brackets. The first one has been done for you.
1. I’m Alicia. I work in a public library in the afternoons from two until six. (I/job)
I have a part-time job.
2. My husband works in an office from 9 to 5.30 pm. (he/job)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Our daughter works in a bank from eight till five every day. (she/work)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I’m David and I work in a café from 8 pm until midnight. (I/work)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. My wife works in local government and she can have this job for as long as she wants
it. (she/job)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Our son is working on a farm for four weeks. (he/job)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Our daughter is working in an office for three weeks. (she/work)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
33
7. Ways of working
1) Old and new ways
2) Nice work if you can get it
34
3) Nature of work
Exercises
Exercise 1
Which person (1-5) is most likely to do each of the five things (a-e)?
1) A software designer in an Internet company. Has to be in the office.
2) An office worker in a large, traditional manufacturing company.
3) A manager in a department store in a large city. Lives in the country.
4) A construction worker on a building site where work goes on 24 hours a day.
5) A technical writer for a city computer company. Lives in the country.
a) work in shifts
b) work under a flexitime system
c) telecommute
d) commute to work
e) clock on and off at the same time every day
1) …………… 2) …………… 3) …………… 4) …………… 5) ……………
35
Exercise 2
Look at the words and expressions in “Nice work if you can get it” and “Nature of work”. Five people
talk about their jobs. Match the jobs (1-5) to the people (a-e) and put the words in brackets into the
correct grammatical forms.
1) accountant
2) postwoman
3) flight attendant
4) software developer
5) teacher
a) Obviously, my work involves ……………………………… (travel) a lot. I can be quite physically
……………………………… (tire), but I enjoy ……………………………… (deal) with customers, except
when they become violent. Luckily this doesn’t happen often.
b) I like ……………………………… (work) with figures, but my job is much less
……………………………… (bore) and routine than people think. The work ………………………………
(involve) a lot of human contact and teamwork, working with other managers.
c) Of course, it involves getting up quite early in the morning. But I like
……………………………… (be) out in the open air. And I get a lot of exercise!
d) You’ve got to think in a very logical way. The work can be mentally ………………………………
(tire), but it’s very satisfying to write a program that works.
e) I love my job. It’s very ……………………………… (stimulate) and not at all ………………………………
(repeat): no two days are the same. It’s good to see the children learn and develop.
1) …………… 2) …………… 3) …………… 4) …………… 5) ……………
36
8. Recruitment and selection

1) Recruitment
2) Applying for a job
3) Selection procedures
37
Exercises
Exercise 1
Complete the crossword. Use appropriate forms of words from 1) Recruitment, 2) Applying for a job
and 3) Selection procedures.
Exercise 2
Now divide the words found in exercise 1 into two groups: what a company personnel department does
and what a person looking for work does.
a company personnel department a person looking for work
38
Exercise 3
Replace the underlined phrases with correct forms of words and expressions from 1) Recruitment, 2)
Applying for a job and 3) Selection procedures.
(1) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(4) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(7) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(8) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(9) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(10) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
39
9. Skills and qualifications

1) Education and training
2) Skilled and unskilled
40
You can say that someone is:
+ noun + verb (-ing)

skilled at… customer care communicating
or electronics using PCs
skilled in… computer software working with large groups
You can also say that someone is:
computers
good with… figures
people
3) The right person
These words are often used in job advertisements. Companies look for people who are:
❑ self-starters, proactive, self-motivated, or self-driven  good at working on their
own.
❑ methodical, systematic and organized  can work in a planned, orderly way.
❑ computer-literate  good with computers.
❑ numerate  good with numbers.
❑ motivated  very keen to do well in their job.
❑ talented  naturally very good at what they do.
❑ team players  people who work well with other people.
Exercises
Exercise 1
Correct the sentences about Ravi, using words from 1) Education and training. One word is wrong in
each item.
1. At 18, Ravi decided to stay in full-time training and went to Mumbai University.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Ravi qualified three years later with a degree in philosophy and politics.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
41
3. He taught for a while, but didn't like it. He decided to educate as an accountant at
evening classes.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. He qualified for an accountant and joined a big accountancy firm in its Mumbai
office.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. When he started, he needed to develop other skills, which would come through
experiments.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. He received managers' training to help him develop these skills.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2
Complete the extracts from job advertisements using words from 3) The right person.
42
10. Telephoning 1:
Phones and numbers

1) Telephones and beyond
 public telephone / payphone: phone in a public place operated with money, a credit
card or a phone card.
 mobile phone, mobile (BrE) / cellphone, cellular phone, cellular (AmE): a phone
you can take with you and use anywhere.
 extension: one of a number of phones on the same line, in a home or office.
 cordless phone, cordless: an extension not connected by a wire, so you can use it
around the house or in the garden.
 pager: allows you to receive written messages.
 webcam: a camera attached to a computer and phone line, so two people talking on
the phone can see each other.
Webcams enable videoconferencing: holding a meeting with people in different locations.

Think about Zoom, Teams, etc.
2) Phone, call and ring
43
3) Doing things over the phone
Exercises
Exercise 1
Which equipment in 1) Telephones and beyond opposite would each of these people use?
1. A lawyer who needs to stay in contact in court, but can’t have a ringing phone.
 …………………………………………………………………
2. A building contractor who works in different places.
 …………………………………………………………………
3. Someone who wants to stay in touch whilst they are in the garden.
 …………………………………………………………………
4. A company manager who wants to discuss something with managers in different
offices at the same time.
 …………………………………………………………………
5. A computer enthusiast who wants to see the person she is talking to.
 …………………………………………………………………
6. Someone who is out but doesn’t have a mobile.
 …………………………………………………………………
44
Exercise 2
Which of these sentences containing expressions from 2) Phone, call and ring opposite are correct?
Correct the mistakes.
1. It would be good to see Anna soon. I'll phone her and see when she's free.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I gave Brian a call yesterday and we had a long chat.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Why don't you ring up at Pizza Palace and order some takeaway pizza?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I rang them five minutes ago but there was no answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Call me up next time you're in New York.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Give me a ring when you're next in London.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I'll give her the bell and we'll fix up a meeting.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. When you get some news, make me a buzz.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3
Match what the people say below with words from 3) Doing things over the phone.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
45
11. Telephoning 2:
Getting through
1) Phoning scenario
You want to phone someone in a company. You pick up the phone. You hear the dialling tone
and dial the number on the keypad. You don’t know the person’s direct line number, so you dial
the number of the company’s switchboard. One of these things happens:
a. The number rings but no one answers.

b. You hear the engaged tone (BrE) / busy tone (AmE) because the other person is
already talking on the phone. You hang up and try again later.
c. You get through, but not to the number you wanted. The person who answers says
you’ve got the wrong number.
d. The operator answers. You ask for the extension of the person you want to speak
to.
e. You are put through to the wrong extension. The person offers to transfer you to
the right extension, but you are cut off – the call ends.
f. The person you want to speak to is not at their desk and you leave a message on
their voicemail. You ask them to call you back or to return your call.
2) Asking to speak to someone 1
46
3) Voicemail
Exercises
Exercise 1
You are trying to phone Delia Jones. She works in a large company. Match your possible reactions (1-7)
to the things (a-f) described in 1) Phoning scenario. One of the things is used twice.
1. That’s strange. Their switchboard isn’t big enough to handle all the calls they get.
2. That’s ridiculous! A company with 500 employees, but no one answers the phone.
3. I ask for Delia Jones and they put me through to Della Jones!
4. Delia seems to spend all day on the phone. Her line’s always busy.
5. That’s strange. I’m sure I dialled the right number.
6. Oh no I hate this – oh well, I’d better leave a message…
7. They never seem able to find the extension number.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
47
Exercise 2
Look at 2) Asking to speak to someone 1. Annelise Schmidt is trying to phone James Cassidy. Put the
conversation into a logical order.
a. Annelise: Good morning. Can I speak to James Cassidy in Sales?
b. Annelise: Is that James Cassidy?
c. Annelise: No, I’m afraid I don’t.
d. Annelise: Thanks. Oh no, I’ve been cut off.
e. Switchboard operator: Do you know the extension?
f. Switchboard operator: Sorry to keep you waiting… I'm putting you through.
g. John Cassidy: Cassidy.
h. John Cassidy: No, this is John Cassidy. You've come through to Accounts. I'll try
and transfer you back to the switchboard.
Correct order:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Exercise 3
Look at Vocabulary: Telephoning 1: Phones and numbers. Correct the nine mistakes in Annelise
Schmidt’s voicemail message.
Hi James, this is Annelise calling out of Spencer Verlag in Hamburg. It’s very difficult to get
hold to you. I phoned to you earlier, but your telephone central placed me through to the bad
telephone. Anyway, I’m calling to you to discuss the contract we were talking about in
Frankfurt. I’ll call further later or perhaps you’d like to ring to me here in Hamburg on 00 49
40 789 1357. Bye for now.
48
12. Telephoning 3:
Messages
1) Asking to speak to someone 2
2) Giving and taking messages
3) Spelling names
49
4) Taking messages: checking information
Exercises
Exercise 1
Look at 1) Asking to speak to someone 2 and 2) Giving and taking messages and change these
conversations so that they are correct and more polite.
Conversation 1
A: I want to speak to Mrs Lee.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B: That's me but I'm busy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A: Sven Nyman talking. I want to talk about your order.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B: Call me back later.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Conversation 2
A: Are you James Cassidy?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B: No. Who are you?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A: Annelise Schmidt. Is James Cassidy there and, if he is, can I speak to him?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B: He can't speak to you. He's in a meeting. Give me a message.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A: He has to call me as soon as possible.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
50
Exercise 2
Spell the following as you would spell them on the phone. Use the table below to help you. The first one
has been done for you.
Exercise 3
Match the responses (1-8) with the questions (a-h) in 4) Taking messages: checking information.
1. No, actually it’s 46.
2. It’s Valladolid with a V at the beginning, V for Victor.
3. No, it’s Schmidt with a T at the end, T for Tommy.
4. Two. T – I – double – M – E – R – M – A – N.
5. No, 642 246.
6. Springer Verlag in Hamburg.
7. Krieslovski. K – R – I – E – S – L – O – V – S – K – I.
8. No, it’s with two Ns in the middle.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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13. Telephoning 4:
Arrangements
1) Making arrangements
2) Closing the conversation
52
3) Changing arrangements
Exercises
Exercise 1
Annelise Schmidt (AS) gets through to James Cassidy (JC) and arranges to meet him. Reorder their
conversation, which contains expressions from 1) Making arrangements and 2) Closing the
conversations.
a. AS: Fine thanks. I’m going to be in London on Tuesday and Wednesday next week.
How about meeting up to discuss how Megabook and Sprenger might work
together?
b. AS: Hello. This is Annelise Schmidt. You remember we met at the Frankfurt Book
Fair last month?
c. AS: Look forward to seeing you then. Bye.
d. AS: Sounds good. Shall I meet you at your office? I’ve got the address.
e. AS: Yes, that’s fine.
f. JC: James Cassidy.
g. JC: Goodbye.
h. JC: I’ll just check my diary. I won’t be able to make Tuesday. I’ve got to go to
Manchester. Would Wednesday suit you? How about lunch?
i. JC: OK. See you on Wednesday at 12.30, then.
j. JC: Yes, how are you?
k. JC: Yes. Why don’t you come round here at about 12.30? Ask for me at reception
and I’ll come down.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
53
Exercise 2
Match these replies (1-5) to the things (a-e) the people say in Changing arrangements.
1. I suppose so: it would have been good to meet. Look forward to hearing from you
when you’re less busy.
2. The 22nd… I’m going to be on holiday. What about the 29th?
3. The afternoon would be no problem. How about at three?
4. Wednesday’s going to be difficult. Can you make the next day?
5. Yes, the same day the following week would be fine.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Exercise 3
Here are two voicemail messages. Choose the best words to complete each sentence.
Voicemail 1
Jacques. It's Paul. I can't being – make – arrive after all. Something has come out – down –
up. Would – What – Why Tuesday be possible for you? If not, we'll have to let – take – put it
off until the week after. I'll be in touch – calling – speak soon. Bye.
Voicemail 2
Ellen. It's Stefan. I'm afraid the 22nd won't be possibility – possible – possibly. I'm sorry but
I've have – must – got to go to Oslo. We're going to have to put it back – out – behind for at
least a week. I'm completely rained – snowed – stormed under with Woodstock contract. Can
we leave it open – shut – fixed for the time being? Talk to you now – then – soon no doubt.
Bye.
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14. Bookkeeping
1) Double-entry bookkeeping
Zaheer Younis works in the accounting department of a trading company:
‘I began my career as a bookkeeper. Bookkeepers record the company’s daily transactions:
sales, purchases, debts, expenses, and so on. Each type of transaction is recorded in a separate
account – the cash account, the liabilities account, and so on.
Double-entry bookkeeping is a system that records two aspects of every transaction. Every
transaction is both a debit – a deduction – in one account and a corresponding credit – an
addition – in another.
For example, if a company buys some raw materials – the substances and components used to
make products – that it will pay for a month later, it debits its purchases account and credits
the supplier’s account. If the company sells an item on credit, it credits the sales account, and
debits the customer’s account. As this means the level of the company’s stock – goods ready
for sale – is reduced, it credits the stock account. There is a corresponding increase in its
debtors – customers who owe money for goods or services purchased – and the debtors or
accounts receivable account is credited.
Each account records debits on the left and credits on the right. If the bookkeepers do their
work correctly, the total debits always equal the total credits.’
BrE: debtors; AmE: accounts receivable

BrE: creditors; AmE: accounts payable
BrE: stock; AmE: inventory
55
2) Day books and ledgers
‘For accounts with a large number of transactions, like purchases and sales, companies often
record the transactions in day books or journals, and then put a daily or weekly summary in
the main double-entry records.
In Britain, they call the main books of account nominal ledgers. Creditors – suppliers to whom
the company owes money for purchases made on credit – are recorded in a bought ledger. They
still use these names, even though these days all the information is on a computer.’
Note: In Britain the terms debtors and creditors can refer to people or companies that owe or are
owed money, or to the sums of money in an account or balance sheet.
3) Balancing the books
‘At the end of an accounting period, for example a year, bookkeepers prepare a trial balance
which transfers the debit and credit balances of different accounts onto one page. As always,
the total debits should equal the total credits. The accountants can then use these balances
to prepare to organization’s financial statements.’
Exercises
Exercise 1
Match the words in the box with the definitions below. Look at 1) Double-entry bookkeeping and 2)
Day books and ledgers to help you.
credit ledger debit
creditors stock debtors
1. an amount entered on the left-hand side of an account, recording money paid out
2. a book of accounts
3. customers who owe money for goods or services not yet paid for
4. an amount entered on the right-hand side of an account, recording a payment
received
5. goods stored ready for sale
6. suppliers who are owed for purchases not yet paid for
56
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences. Look at 1) Double-entry bookkeeping, 2) Day books and ledgers, and 3)
Balancing the books to help you.
1. …………………………………………………… shows where money comes from and where it goes:
it is always transferred from one …………………………………………………… to another one.
Every event is entered twice – once as a credit and once as a
…………………………………………………….
2. Most businesses record very frequent or numerous transactions in
…………………………………………………… or …………………………………………………….
3. The main account books are called ……………………………………………………, and the book
relating to creditors is called the …………………………………………………….
4. In order to prepare financial statements, companies do a
…………………………………………………… which copies all the debit and credit balances of
different accounts onto a single page.
Exercise 3
Complete the sentences using ‘debit’ or ‘credit’. Look at 1) Double-entry bookkeeping to help you.
1. If you buy new assets, you …………………………………………………… the cash or capital
account.
2. If you pay some bills, you …………………………………………………… the liabilities account.
3. If you buy materials from a supplier on 60 days’ credit, you
…………………………………………………… the purchases account and
…………………………………………………… the supplier’s account.
4. If you sell something to a customer who will pay 30 days later, you
…………………………………………………… the sales account and ……………………………………………………
the customer’s account.
57
15. Meetings 1:
Types of meeting
1) Word combinations with 'meeting'
2) Types of meeting
Meetings come in all shapes and sizes, of course. Here are some types:
 chat (informal discussion) with colleagues at the coffee machine.
brainstorming among colleagues: where as many ideas as possible are produced


quickly, to be evaluated later.
 project meeting / team meeting of employees involved in a particular activity.
 department / departmental meeting.
 meeting with suppliers, for example to negotiate prices for an order.
 meeting with a customer, for example to discuss a contract.
 board meeting: an official, formal meeting of a company’s directors.
Annual general meeting / AGM (BrE); annual meeting (AmE): where


shareholders discuss the company’s annual report.
EGM: extraordinary general meeting: a shareholders’ meeting to discuss an


important issue such as a proposed merger.
58
3) How was the meeting?
Exercises
Exercise 1
Replace the underlined expressions with appropriate forms of the verbs in 1) Word combinations with
‘meeting’. In some cases, more than one verb is possible.
A meeting of the Tennis Club Committee was (1) organized for 1 March, but not everyone could
(2) go to it, so it was (3) delayed until March 31. One committee member said that this was too
late, so eventually we (4) moved it to March 15. The chairperson (5) was in charge of it very
efficiently, and we decided on some new membership rules. Only one committee member (6) did
not go to the meeting.
(1) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(4) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
59
Exercise 2
Look at 2) Types of meeting. At which type of meeting would you be most likely to hear each of these
things?
1. I’m pleased to announce another good year for shareholders of this company.
 ……………………………………………………
2. I know this sounds crazy, but how about giving away 100,000 free samples?
 ……………………………………………………
3. Things in the sales department are getting out of control. We should all start making a real
effort.
 ……………………………………………………
4. So, you think you can provide 10,000 a month at a unit cost of £4.90?
 ……………………………………………………
5. Have you heard? Suzanne is being fired: apparently her sales figures aren’t good enough.
 ……………………………………………………
6. That’s a deal then. Looking forward to working with you. I’m sure you won’t be disappointed.
 ……………………………………………………
7. Amazingly, we’re ahead of schedule on this project.
 ……………………………………………………
8. I recommend to shareholders that you accept Megabook’s offer for our company.
 ……………………………………………………
9. As you know, Megabook wants to buy this company. As chief financial officer, what do you
think of their offer, Saleem?
 ……………………………………………………
Exercise 3
A management consultant is talking about meetings, using expressions from 3) How was the meeting?
Put what she says into a logical order.
1. point and rambling. And then there are those who want to show
2. moving. If they do this, it’s amazing how much ground you can cover.
3. Of course, everyone wants meetings to be productive and achieve results. But
from personal experience, we know that a lot of them are a waste of
4. off: to show how important and clever they are. The chair should keep things
5. the point. And we’ve all seen those annoying people who keep on wandering off the
6. time, and nothing is achieved. In order for discussion to be useful, people should
not go off on digressions: they should stick to
Correct order: ……………………………………………………
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16. Meetings 2:
Points of view
1) Opening the meeting
2) Inviting people to speak
61
3) Making your point
Exercises
Exercise 1
Which of these expressions from 1) Opening the meeting are correct? Correct the mistakes.
1. It’s about time we get started.
2. Let's begin, let we?
3. Shall we make a start?
4. Let's do start.
5. Let's get up to business.
6. I've call this meeting to…
7. The purpose of this meeting is to…
62
8. The main subject is to…
9. As you are beware…
Exercise 2
Look at 2) Inviting people to speak and make these invitations to speak less aggressive and more
natural.
1. John, kick off.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Kay, open the discussion.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Len, get the ball rolling.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Monica, tell us what you think.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Nigel, give us your views.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Olive, what do you feel?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3
Match the sentences beginnings (1-5) with the correct endings (a-e). The sentences all contain
expressions from 3) Making your point.
1. The way a. I think that the prizes we win help us to attract

and keep the best designers.
2. Personally, b. as if the design people think of themselves as
living on another planet.
3. It looks to me c. I see it, you should be looking at what we
produce, not at the time of day we produce it.
4. It’s clear to d. opinion, we have to think of the needs to each
department.
5. In my e. me that they set a very bad example to the
other departments.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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17. Meetings 3:
Agreements and disagreements
1) Discussion without argument?
2) Agreeing
64
3) Disagreeing
Exercises
Exercise 1
Complete the crossword using the correct form of words from 1) Discussion without argument.
65
Exercise 2
Match each statement (1-8) to an appropriate reaction (a-h) from 2) Agreeing.
1. And another thing: you should be looking at what we produce, not at the time of
day we produce it.
2. Apart from that, if you try to control our working time, we’ll lose our creativity.
3. Besides that, the prizes help us to attract and keep the best designers.
4. Even so, I agree that some limits should be set, even if my designers are very
different from the accounts people.
5. Not only do we have these very high costs, but it also sets a very bad example to
the other departments and they start going over budget too.
6. On the one hand, we have to think of the needs of each department. On the other
hand, we have to think of the company as a whole.
7. In addition, our biggest current project looks as though it will be over budget too.
8. What’s more, they leave for lunch two hours later.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Exercise 3
Now match the statements (1-8) above with the reactions (a-j) in Disagreeing.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
66
67
68
18. Countable or uncountable?

Theory
Nouns can be:

 singular or plural countable [C]: pen, pens
 singular or plural irregular countable [C]: man, men; shelf, shelves; box, boxes
 uncountable [U] like sand, ink, or information and most abstract nouns like love, fear,
time, money
Use some:
 with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
There are some visitors waiting to see you. [plural C]
There is some fresh coffee ready. [U]
 in offers and requests.
Would you like some tea/advice/help?
Could I ask you some questions, please?
 when we can see what we want or if we expect the answer to be yes.
Could I have some rice, please?
Is there some money in petty cash?
Use any:
 to express the idea of all or nothing.
Any employee can have access to free medical attention. (all)
Oh no, there isn’t any ink in the printer cartridge. (nothing, i.e. no ink)
 to ask if something exists or is available.
Is there any coffee left?
Use many with countable nouns.

 Many people believe that world trade should be fairer.
How many pages does their new brochure have?
Use much with uncountable nouns.

 How much time do we have to discuss this?
There isn’t much sense in continuing this project.
Use few/a few with countable nouns and little/a little with uncountable nouns. Few and little
mean not many/much. A few and a little mean some.
 Few people know the true story.
A few letters arrived.
There is little money left now.
We needed a little more help from the government.
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Use lots of/a lot of with both plural countable and uncountable nouns.
 There are lots of/a lot of investors waiting to buy shares.
She made lots of/a lot of money in e-commerce.
Remember: Use lots/a lot of instead of many/much in positive statements.

 They asked me many a lot of difficult questions at the interview.
She makes much lots of money in her new job.
Use:
 all with countable plural or uncountable nouns.
All mobile phones must be switched off during the flight.
All customer information will be treated in confidence.
 several with countable plural nouns.
There are several new competitors this year.
 each/every with singular countable nouns.
Each/Every new packet comes with a free gift.
Exercises
Exercise 1
Which words and phrases are countable (C) and which are uncountable (U)?
banana ………… dollar ………… wine …………
furniture ………… opinion ………… sugar …………
advice ………… milk ………… hour …………
oil ………… information ………… component …………
suggestion ………… money ………… time …………
honey ………… machinery ………… cigarettes …………
Exercise 2
Which of these words can we use with countable nouns, uncountable nouns, or both countable and
uncountable nouns?
several ………… few ………… lots of ………… much …………
little ………… many ………… all ………… every …………
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Exercise 3
Laurent and Claude Ardouin have an apple farm in France. Complete the conversation by underlining the
correct alternative in italics.
I = Interviewer L = Laurent C = Claude
I So how much/how many land have you got?
L About fifty hectares, but we only use thirty.
I Really, how many/how much tons of fruit do you produce each year?
C A lot/Many depends on the weather. Last year we had a late frost and had hardly
any/none apples at all.
I Oh dear. And what about disease? How much/How many do you spray them?
C As little/few as possible. Just a few/few times a year when it is absolutely
necessary.
I That’s good. How do you sell them?
C Well, we sell most directly to supermarkets. We also sell quite lots/a lot at our local
market. Few/Several days a year we have ‘pick your own’ which attracts much/a lot
of customers.
I Do you employ many/much people?
L For most of the year almost nobody/anybody, just one full-timer. But for the
harvest we hire as many/much as thirty extra pickers.
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19. The articles

1) A / AN
2) THE
72
Exercises
Exercise 1
Put in a/an or the.
1. This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine. _____ newspaper is in my
bag but I don’t know where I put _____ magazine.
2. I saw _____ accident this morning. _____ car crashed into _____ tree. _____ driver of
_____ car wasn’t hurt but _____ car was badly damaged.
3. There are two cars parked outside: _____ blue one and _____ grey one. _____ blue one
belongs to my neighbours; I don’t know who _____ owner of _____ grey one is.
4. My friends live in _____ old house in _____ small village. There is _____ beautiful garden
behind _____ house. I would like to have _____ garden like that.
Exercise 2
Put the or a/an where necessary. If no word is necessary, leave the space empty.
1. A: Where did you have _____ lunch? B: We went to _____ restaurant.

2. A: Did you have _____ nice holiday? B: Yes, it was _____ best holiday I’ve ever had.
3. A: Where’s _____ nearest shop? B: There’s one at _____ end of this street.
4. A: Do you often listen to _____ radio? B: No. In fact I haven’t got _____ radio.
5. A: Would you like to travel in _____ space? B: Yes, I’d love to go to _____ moon.
Exercise 3
Choose the correct form, with or without the.
1. I’m afraid of dogs / the dogs.

2. Can you pass me salt / the salt, please?
3. Apples / The apples are good for you.
4. Look at apples / the apples on that tree! They’re very big.
5. Women / The women live longer than men / the men.
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20. Present continuous
and present simple
1) Compare the examples.
Present _______________ Present _______________

(I am doing) (I do)
Use the ……………………………… for something Use the ……………………………… for things in
that is happening at or around the time of ……………………………… or things that happen
………………………………. The action is not ……………………………….
……………………………….
I am doing <--------------- I do --------------->
______________________ ________________________
past now future past now future
• The water is boiling. Can you turn it off? • Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
• Listen to those people. What language are • Excuse me, do you speak English?
they speaking? • It doesn’t rain very much in summer.
• Let’s go out. It isn’t raining now. • What do you usually do at weekends?
• ‘Don’t disturb me. I’m busy.’ ‘Why? What are • What do you do? (= What’s your job?)
you doing?’ • I always go to bed before midnight.
• I’m going to bed now. Goodnight! • Most people learn to swim when they are
• Maria is in Britain at the moment. She’s children.
learning English.
Use the ……………………………… for a Use the ……………………………… for a
……………………………… situation: ……………………………… situation:
• I’m living with some friends until I find a flat. • My parents live in London. They have lived
• ‘You’re working hard today.’ ‘Yes, I’ve got a there all their lives.
lot to do.’ • John isn’t lazy. He works very hard most of
the time.
2) I always do and I’m always doing.
Usually we say ‘I always do something’ (= I do it ………………………………):

• I always go to work by car. (not ‘I’m always going’)
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You can also say ‘I’m always doing something’, but this has a different ………………………………. For
example:

I’ve lost my key again. I’m
always losing things.
‘I’m always losing things’ does ……………………………… mean that I lose things every time. It
means that I lose things too ………………………………, more often than usual.
‘You’re always –ing’ means that you do something very often, more often than the speaker
thinks it is normal or reasonable.
• You’re always watching television. You should do something more active.
• John is never satisfied. He’s always complaining.
3) Verbs not used in the present continuous
We usually do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am –ing):
like love want know

understand remember depend prefer
hate need mean believe
forget
Use the present simple only with these verbs (I want / do you like? etc.):
• I’m tired. I want to go home.
• ‘Do you know that girl?’ ‘Yes, but I don’t remember her name.’
• I don’t understand. What do you mean?
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Exercises
Exercise 1
Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong.
1. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. …………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The water boils. Can you turn it off? ………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Look! That man tries to open the door of your car. ………………………………………………………………
4. Can you hear those people? What do they talk about? …………………………………………………………
5. The moon goes round the earth. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I must go now. It gets late. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I usually go to work by car. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ‘Hurry up! It’s time to leave.’ ‘OK, I come.’ ………………………………………………………………………………
9. I hear you’ve got a new job. How do you get on? ……………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2
Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous or simple.
1. Let’s go out. It ……………………………… (not/rain) now.
2. Julia is very good at languages. She ……………………………… (speak) four languages very
well.
3. Hurry up! Everybody ……………………………… (wait) for you.
4. '……………………………… (you/listen) to the radio?’ ‘No, you can turn it off.’
5. '……………………………… (you/listen) to the radio every day?’ ‘No, just occasionally.’
6. The River Nile ……………………………… (flow) into the Mediterranean.
7. Look at the river. It ……………………………… (flow) very fast today – much faster than
usual.
8. We usually ……………………………… (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we
……………………………… (not/grow) any.
9. ‘How is your English?’ ‘Not bad. It ……………………………… (improve) slowly.’
10. Ron is in London at the moment. He ……………………………… (stay) at the Park Hotel. He
……………………………… (always/stay) there when he’s in London.
11. Can we stop walking soon? I ……………………………… (start) to feel tired.
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12. ‘Can you drive?’ ‘I ……………………………… (learn). My father ……………………………… (teach) me.’
13. Normally I ……………………………… (finish) work at 5.00, but this week I ………………………………
(work) until 6.00 to earn a bit more money.
14. My parents ……………………………… (live) in Bristol. They were born there and have never
lived anywhere else. Where ……………………………… (your parents/live)?
15. Sonia ……………………………… (look) for a place to live. She ……………………………… (stay) with
her sister until she finds somewhere.
16. ‘What ……………………………… (your father/do)?’ ‘He’s an architect but he ………………………………
(not/work) at the moment.’
17. (at a party) I usually ……………………………… (enjoy) parties but I ………………………………
(not/enjoy) this one very much.
18. The train is never late. It ……………………………… (always/leave) on time.
Exercise 3
Put the verb in the present continuous or the present simple.
1. Excuse me. ……………………………… (you/speak) English?
2. ‘Where’s Tom?’ '……………………………… (he/have) a shower.’
3. ……………………………… (I/not/watch) television very often.
4. Listen! Somebody ……………………………… (sing).
5. Sandra is tired. ……………………………… (she/want) to go home now.
6. How often ……………………………… (you/read) a newspaper?
7. ‘Excuse me but ……………………………… (you/sit) in my place.’ ‘Oh, I’m sorry.’
8. I’m sorry, ……………………………… (I/not/understand). Can you speak more slowly?
9. It’s late. ……………………………… (I/go) home now. ……………………………… (you/come) with
me?
10. What time ……………………………… (your father/finish) work in the evening?
11. You can turn off the radio. ……………………………… (I/not/listen) to it.
12. ‘Where’s Paul?’ ‘In the kitchen. ……………………………… (he/cook) something.’
13. Martin ……………………………… (not/usually/drive) to work. He ………………………………
(usually/walk).
14. Sue ……………………………… (not/like) coffee. She ……………………………… (prefer) tea.
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Exercise 4
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. ‘A quelle fréquence vas-tu chez le dentiste?’ ‘A peu près une fois par an.’
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Le téléphone sonne et je suis en train de prendre ma douche. Peux-tu répondre,
SVP?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. D’habitude, Anna va travailler en bus. Exceptionnellement, elle prend sa voiture
aujourd’hui.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ‘Que font Jane et John dans la vie?’ ‘Ils sont professeurs. Ils enseignent à
l’université d’Oxford’.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Soyez calmes, SVP. Je suis en train de travailler.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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21. Present simple and present

continuous: Summary
I. Present simple: I play
QUAND L'EMPLOIE-T-ON?
Action habituelle: always, never, often, sometimes, usually, generally, rarely, every…
PAR QUOI LE TRADUIT-ON? Par un présent en français: I play = je joue
COMMENT LE FORME-T-ON?
+ Sujet + infinitif sans to (/!\ s à la 3ème pers. sg)
- Auxiliaire do/does à la forme négative + infinitif sans to
? Auxiliaire do/does + sujet + verbe + complément
II. Present continuous: I am playing
Action se déroulant maintenant: now, today, at present, Look!, Listen!,…
PAR QUOI LE TRADUIT-ON? Par un présent en français: I am playing = je joue
+ Sujet + to be au présent simple + ing
- Sujet + to be au présent simple + not + ing
? Auxiliaire to be au présent simple + sujet + ing
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22. Past continuous and past simple

1) Compare the examples.
 Jack was reading a book.
 The phone rang.
 He stopped reading.
Hello ! He answered the phone.
What ……………………………… (happen)?

past simple
The phone ……………………………… (ring).
What ……………………………… (Jack/do) when the phone rang?

past continuous
He ……………………………… (read) a book.
What ……………………………… (he/do) when the phone ………………………………
(ring)? past simple
He ……………………………… (stop) reading and answered the phone.
Jack began reading before the phone rang.
So: When the phone rang, Jack was reading.
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2) Put the following actions on the time line.
the phone he answered he was he began he stopped

rang the phone reading reading reading
3) Summary
Past ……………………………… Past ………………………………

(I did) (I was doing)
‘What did you do yesterday morning?’ ‘What were you doing at 10.30?’
‘We played tennis.’ (from 10 to 11.30) ‘We were playing tennis.’
beginning end beginning end
(10 o’clock) (11.30) (10 o’clock) (11.30)
we played we were playing

(complete action) (unfinished action)
Jack read a book yesterday. (= from Jack was reading a book when the phone
………………………………… to …………………………………) rang.
Did you watch the film on television last Were you watching television when I
night? phoned you?
It didn’t rain while we were on holiday. It wasn’t raining when I got up.
I ………………………………… (start) work at 9 o’clock and ………………………………… (finish) at 4.30. At 2.30
I ………………………………… (work).
It ………………………………… (rain) when we ………………………………… (go) out. (= it started raining before
we went out)
I ………………………………… (see) Lucy and Steve this morning. They ………………………………… (wait) at
the bus stop.
Jenny ………………………………… (fall) asleep while she ………………………………… (read).
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Exercises
Exercise 1
Put the verbs in the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
1. Carol ……………………………… (break) her arm last week. It ……………………………… (happen)
when she ……………………………… (paint) her room. She ……………………………… (fall) off the
ladder.
2. The train ……………………………… (arrive) at the station and Paula ………………………………
(get) off. Two friends of hers, John and Jenny, ……………………………… (wait) to meet
her.
3. Yesterday Sue ……………………………… (walk) along the road when she
……………………………… (meet) Jim. He ……………………………… (go) to the station to catch a
train and he ……………………………… (carry) a bag. They ……………………………… (stop) to
talk for a few minutes.
4. I ……………………………… (see) Sue in town yesterday but she ………………………………
(not/see) me. She ……………………………… (look) the other way.
5. I ……………………………… (meet) Tom and Ann at the airport a few weeks ago. They
……………………………… (go) to Berlin and I ……………………………… (go) to Madrid. We
……………………………… (have) a chat while we ……………………………… (wait) for our flights.
6. I ……………………………… (cycle) home yesterday when suddenly a man
……………………………… (step) out into the road in front of me. I ……………………………… (go)
quite fast but luckily I ……………………………… (manage) to stop in time and
……………………………… (not/hit) him.
Exercise 2
Past continuous or past simple? Put the verb into the correct tense.
1. A: What ……………………………… (you/do) when the phone ……………………………… (ring)?
B: I ……………………………… (watch) television.
2. A: Was Jane busy when you went to see her?
B: Yes, she ……………………………… (study).
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3. A: What time ……………………………… (the post/arrive) this morning?
B: It ……………………………… (come) while I ……………………………… (have) breakfast.
4. A: Was Margaret at work today?
B: No, she ……………………………… (not/go) to work. She was ill.
5. A: How fast ……………………………… (you/drive) when the police ………………………………
(stop) you?
B: I don’t know exactly but I ……………………………… (not/drive) very fast.
6. A: ……………………………… (your team/win) the football match yesterday?
B: No, the weather was very bad, so we ……………………………… (not/play).
7. A: How ……………………………… (you/break) the window?
B: We ……………………………… (play) football. I ……………………………… (kick) the ball and it
……………………………… (hit) the window.
8. A: ……………………………… (you/see) Jenny last night?
B: Yes, she ……………………………… (wear) a very nice jacket.
9. A: What ……………………………… (you/do) at 2 o’clock this morning?
B: I was asleep.
10. A: I ……………………………… (lose) my key last night.
B: How ……………………………… (you/get) into your room?
A: I ……………………………… (climb) in through a window.
Exercise 3
Past continuous? Past simple? Make the right decision!
1. Jane ……………………………… (wait) for me when I ……………………………… (arrive).
2. A: What ……………………………… (you/do) this time yesterday?
B: I ……………………………… (be) asleep.
3. A: ……………………………… (you/go) out last night?
B: No, I was too tired.
4. A: Was Carol at the party last night?
B: Yes, she ……………………………… (wear) a really nice dress.
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5. How fast ……………………………… (you/drive) when the accident ………………………………
(happen)?
6. John ……………………………… (take) a photograph of me while I ………………………………
(not/look).
7. We were in a very difficult position. We ……………………………… (not/know) what to do.
8. I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last ……………………………… (see) him, he
……………………………… (try) to find a job in London.
9. I ……………………………… (walk) along the street when suddenly I ………………………………
(hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody ……………………………… (follow) me. I was
frightened and I ……………………………… (start) to run.
10. When I was young, I ……………………………… (want) to be a bus driver.
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23. Past simple and past continous:

Summary
I. Past simple: I played
Action une fois dans le passé: yesterday, last…, … ago, in…, when…?, …
PAR QUOI LE TRADUIT-ON? Par un passé simple ou un passé composé en français: I played = je
jouai/j’ai joué
+ Sujet + infinitif sans to + ed (si le verbe est régulier; sinon, 2ème colonne TP)
- Auxiliaire did à la forme négative + infinitif sans to
? Auxiliaire did + sujet + verbe + complément
II. Past continuous: I was playing
Action longue dans le passé → imparfait
PAR QUOI LE TRADUIT-ON? Par un imparfait en français: I was playing = je jouais
+ Sujet + to be au past simple + ing
- Sujet + to be au past simple + not + ing
? Auxiliaire to be au past simple + sujet + ing
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24. Irregular verbs

Base form Past simple Past participle Translation
1. be was/were been
2. beat beat beaten
3. become became become
4. begin began begun
5. bend bent bent
6. bite bit bitten
7. blow blew blown
8. break broke broken
9. bring brought brought
10. build built built
11. buy bought bought
12. can could been able
13. catch caught caught
14. choose chose chosen
15. come came come
16. cost cost cost
17. cut cut cut
18. dig dug dug
19. do did done
20. draw drew drawn
21. dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
22. drink drank drunk
23. drive drove driven
24. eat ate eaten
25. fall fell fallen
26. feed fed fed
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27. feel felt felt
28. fight fought fought
29. find found found
30. fit fit fit
31. fly flew flown
32. forget forgot forgotten
33. forgive forgave forgiven
34. freeze froze frozen
35. get got got
36. give gave given
37. go went gone
38. grow grew grown
39. hang hanged/hung hanged/hung
40. have had had
41. hear heard heard
42. hide hid hidden
43. hit hit hit
44. hold held held
45. hurt hurt hurt
46. keep kept kept
47. kneel knelt knelt
48. know knew known
49. lay laid laid
50. lead led led
51. learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
52. leave left left
53. lend lent lent
54. let let let
55. lie lay lain
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56. light lighted/lit lighted/lit
57. lose lost lost
58. make made made
59. mean meant meant
60. meet met met
61. must had to had to
62. pay paid paid
63. put put put
64. read read read
65. ride rode ridden
66. ring rang rung
67. rise rose risen
68. run ran run
69. say said said
70. see saw seen
71. sell sold sold
72. send sent sent
73. set set set
74. shake shook shaken
75. shine shone shone
76. shoot shot shot
77. show showed showed/shown
78. shut shut shut
79. sing sang sung
80. sink sank sunk
81. sit sat sat
82. sleep slept slept
83. slide slid slid
84. speak spoke spoken
88
85. spend spent spent
86. spoil spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt
87. spread spread spread
88. stand stood stood
89. steal stole stolen
90. stick stuck stuck
91. swim swam swum
92. take took taken
93. teach taught taught
94. tear tore torn
95. tell told told
96. think thought thought
97. throw threw thrown
98. understand understood understood
99. wake woke woken
100. wear wore worn
101. win won won
102. write wrote written
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25. The ED ending
The ed-form of most regular verbs is simply verb + ed.
play  played walk  walked seem  seemed

offer  offered fill  filled
If the word ends in e, we add d.
move  moved continue  continued please  pleased

smile  smiled arrive  arrived
The ending is pronounced
 /t/ after a voiceless sound

jumped /pt/ baked /kt/ wished /∫t/
 /d/ after a voiced sound

robbed /bd/ closed /zd/ enjoyed /ɔId/ allowed /aʊd/
 /Id/ after /t/ or /d/

waited /tId/ expected /tId/ handed /dId/ guided /dId/
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27. Present perfect simple

1. Form
S + have/has + participe passé

 have ou has?: on emploie has uniquement à la 3ème pers. du sg., càd après he,
she ou it (ex.: He has cleaned the blackboard. – She has done her exercises. –
Forme + It has rained a lot today.)
 formation du participe passé: si verbe régulier = on ajoute –d ou –ed à
l’infinitif (ex.: to arrive  arrived, to wash  washed) ; si irrégulier = cf. 3ème
colonne TP (ex: to go  gone, to cut  cut)
S + have/has + not + participe passé

 formes courtes (cf. short forms): bien entendu, on peut employer des formes
Forme -
raccourcies pour have not (= haven’t) et pour has not (= hasn’t) (ex.: We haven't
played football today. - My mum hasn’t done the washing-up yet.)
have/has + S + participe passé

 réponses brèves (cf. short answers): en anglais, pour répondre à une
Forme ? question, yes ou un no ne suffit généralement pas. On utilise ce que l’on appelle
des short answers. Il s’agit simplement de reprendre l’auxiliaire de la question.
(ex.: Have you always lived in Budapest? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.)
2.Use
Le present perfect exprime:
1. une action qui a commencé dans le passé et qui continue (passé non terminé)
ex.: We’ve lived in the same house for 25 years.
Peter has worked as a teacher since 2000.
How long have you known each other?
They’ve been married for 20 years.
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2. qqch qui est arrivé à un certain moment dans la vie de qqn. L’action est dans le
passé et elle est terminée, mais les effets de l’action sont toujours perceptibles
maintenant. Savoir quand l’action a eu lieu n’est pas important.
ex.: I have been to the United States. (I still remember.)
She has written poetry and children’s stories. (in her writing career)
Have you ever had an operation? (in any time in your life up to now)
How many times has he been married? (in his life)
3. une action passée qui a un résultat présent. Généralement, l’action a lieu dans un
passé proche.
ex.: The taxi hasn’t arrived yet. (We are still waiting for it.)
What have you done to your lip? (It’s bleeding.)
3. Some key-words
1. for et since
Ils se traduisent tous les deux par « depuis » en français. Ils ne s’emploient pas
dans les mêmes cas.
 for: il s’emploie avec une période que l’on peut compter et on peut le remplacer par « ça
fait » (ex.: I have known him for three years.)
 since: il s’emploie quand on considère le début d’une période (ex.: They have been
married since last Christmas.)
2. ever
Il se traduit par « déjà » et a la signification « dans ta vie ». Il s’emploie
uniquement dans les questions.
 Position dans la phrase: ever se place entre le sujet et le participe passé dans les
questions (ex.: Have you ever been to Australia?)
3. already
Tout comme ever, already se traduit par « déjà », mais il n’a pas la signification
« dans ta vie ». Il est plus précis. Il s’emploie uniquement dans des phrases
positives.
 Position dans la phrase: already se place entre l’auxiliaire et le participe passé dans les
phrases positives (ex.: I’ve already done my homework.)
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4. yet
La signification de yet diffère selon son utilisation (dans une question ou dans une
phrase négative).
 yet dans une question: yet se traduit par « déjà » et il se place en fin de phrase (ex.:
Has the postman come yet?)
 yet dans une phrase négative: yet se traduit par « pas encore » et il se place également
en fin de phrase (ex.: He hasn’t done his homework yet.)
5. before
Il se traduit par « auparavant » en français. Son utilisation est tout à fait justifiée
avec un present perfect étant donné que before se réfère à un passé proche. En
utilisant before, on sait qu’une action a eu lieu à un moment dans le passé, mais on
ne sait pas exactement quand.
 Position dans la phrase: before se place en fin de phrase (ex.: I haven’t tried sushi
before.)
6. just
Il peut se traduire par « juste » en français.
 position dans la phrase: just se place entre l’auxiliaire et le participe passé (ex.: She has
just had some good news.)
 « je viens de… »: just s’utilise également pour traduire la tournure « je viens de faire
qqch » (ex.: The taxi has just arrived. se traduit par « Le taxi vient d’arriver. »)
7. recently
Il se traduit par « récemment » en français. Il fait référence à un passé proche,
imprécis.
 Position dans la phrase: recently se place entre l’auxiliaire et le participe passé (ex.: I
have recently bought some new CD’s.)
4. Been and gone

Tous les deux vont se traduire par « aller ». Alors, quand emploie-t-on l’un et quand emploie-t-
on l’autre?
En général, on emploie been quand on considère que la personne est revenue et gone quand elle
n’est toujours pas de retour (ex.: A: Where is Sarah? B : She’s gone to the dentist’s.  ici, on sous-
entend que Sarah n’est toujours pas revenue de chez son rendez-vous chez le dentiste ; Where has
Bob been? He is so tanned.  ici, Bob est revenu.)
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5. Exercises
Exercise 1
Complete the time expressions with for or since.
1. ………………… a year 6. ………………… half an hour
2. ………………… August 7. ………………… months
3. ………………… a couple of days 8. ………………… 1996
4. ………………… nine o’clock 9. ………………… ages
5. ………………… I was a student 10. ………………… her son was born
Exercise 2
Choose the correct verb form.
1. Have you ever been / Did you ever go to a rock concert?

2. I saw / have seen U2 last week.
3. I love rock music. I like / have liked it all my life.
4. U2’s concert was / has been fantastic.
5. U2 have been / are together since 1976.
Exercise 3
Make sentences in the present perfect.
1. You / do / homework?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You / see / Sarah?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. You / make / a decision / yet?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. How long / you / know / Jamie?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She / be / in Sweden / twice.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Their plane / just / land.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 4
Put the verbs in the present perfect or past simple.
1. John Lennon ……………………………………… (start) his first band when he was 15. His eldest son,
Julian, ……………………………………… (be) in the music business since he was 19. He
……………………………………… (make) five albums. He ……………………………………… (not/know) his
father very well.
2. Roald Dahl ……………………………………… (write) the story The BFG in 1982 for his
granddaughter, Sophie. It is about a little girl called Sophie. Sophie Dahl
……………………………………… (be) a model since she was 17, but she also likes writing. She
……………………………………… (write) some short stories and one novel.
3. Sigmund Freud ……………………………………… (work) in Vienna for most of his life. His great-
granddaughter, Bella Freud, ……………………………………… (be born) in London and
……………………………………… (work) there since 1990. But when she was a fashion student, she
……………………………………… (live) in Rome.
4. Prince Rainier of Monaco ……………………………………… (marry) American film star Grace Kelly
in 1956. Their daughter, Caroline, ……………………………………… (have) quite a tragic life. She
……………………………………… (divorce) her first husband after only two years and both her
mother and her second husband ……………………………………… (die) in terrible accidents. She
……………………………………… (be) married to her third husband, Prince Ernst of Hanover, since
1999.
Exercise 5
Find and correct a mistake in each sentence.
1. I am here since last week.

2. Kevin had his new job for nine months. He loves it.
3. I lived here for ten years but I’m going to move soon.
4. Bridget knows Philip for a year and a half.
5. We have been to China in 2005.
6. How long do you have your dog?
7. They have known each other since three days.
8. She’s had a sore throat for this morning.
9. Jane was a vet for thirty years and she still enjoys it.
10. How long do you live in this city?
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27. The future

Look at the following examples:
1) I’m afraid Monday won’t be possible after all.

 We use WILL because we are predicting the future.
2) I’m going to be very busy that day.

 We use GOING TO because it is a long - term decision.
There is no special verb form to talk about the future in English.
‘RE GOING TO LEAVE

‘LL LEAVE
We at seven o’clock tomorrow morning.
‘RE LEAVING
LEAVE
 All these are correct. They give the same facts. The choice depends on the reason the
speaker sees for the future event.
1. (BE) GOING TO
Oh dear, I’m going to sneeze.

Look at those clouds – it’s going to rain.
 There is evidence (a tickle, clouds) now for the future event.
Something is going to happen = it is clear now that it is sure to happen.
She’s going to change her job.

What are you going to do this evening?  I’m going to watch the film on TV.
 There is a long-term decision about the future.
I am going to do something = I have decided to do it, my intention is to do it:
I deciced to do it ---------------------- I’m going to do it ------------------- 

past now future
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2. WILL
It looks as if it’ll be a nice weekend.

There won’t be a Christmas party this year.
Do you think Ann will pass the exam?  Yes, she’ll pass easily.
 Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen. The speaker is predicting a future
happening or situation.
I’m tired. I think I’ll go to bed.

Will Maria be back soon?  No, she won’t be back today, but she’ll be here all day tomorrow.
What will you do?
 The speaker’s opinion, or decision or feeling formed at the moment of speaking.
My bag is very heavy.  I’ll carry it for you.

I’ll phone you tomorrow, OK?  OK, goodbye.
I won’t tell anyone what happened. I promise.
Will you shut the door, please?
 We offer or decide or promise to do something or we ask somebody to do something.
3. PRESENT CONTINUOUS → DIARY FUTURE
What time are you leaving tomorrow?  We’re getting the 6.10 train.
I’m working late every evening next week.
They’re going out this evening.
 The speaker knows because of something which has already happened, usually, an
arrangement or a plan with another person.
4. PRESENT SIMPLE
My birthday is on a Wednesday this year.

Christmas Day falls on a Sunday this year.
The train arrives at 7.30.
What time does the film finish?
 Events fixed by the calendar or an official timetable (programmes, trains, buses, etc.). A
fact you can look up.
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5. EXERCISES
 Put the verb in the present continuous or present simple.
1. Are you going (you/go) out this evening?  No, I’m too tired.
2. We’re going (we/go) to a concert this evening. It starts (it/start) at 7.30.
3. Do you know about Sally? ……………………………………… (she/get) married next month!
4. My parents ……………………………………… (go) on holiday next week.  Oh, that’s nice. Where
……………………………………… (they/go)?
5. Silvia is doing an English course at the moment. The course ……………………………………… (finish)
on Friday.
6. There’s a football match tomorrow but ……………………………………… (I/not/go).
7. ……………………………………… (I/go) out with some friends tonight. Why don’t you come too?
……………………………………… (we/meet) at John’s house at 8 o’clock.
8. How ……………………………………… (you/get) home after the party tomorrow? By taxi?  No, I
can only go by bus. The last bus ……………………………………… (leave) at midnight.
9. Do you want to go to the cinema tonight?  Yes, what time ……………………………………… (the
film/begin)?
10. What ……………………………………… (you/do) next Monday afternoon?  ………………………………………
(I/work).
 Which is right?
1. We’ll go / We’re going to the theatre tonight. We’ve got tickets. → We’re going is right.
2. What will you do / are you doing tomorrow evening?  Nothing, I’m free.
3. They’ll go / They’re going away tomorrow morning. Their train is at 8.40.
4. Why are you putting on your coat?  I’ll go / I’m going out.
5. Do you think Claire will phone / is phoning us tonight?
6. Steve can’t meet us on Saturday. He’ll work / He’s working.
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 Which is correct?
1. Did you phone Ruth?  Oh no, I forgot. I phone / I’ll phone her now. → I’ll phone is
correct.
2. I can’t meet you tomorrow afternoon. I’m playing / I’ll play tennis.
3. I meet / I’ll meet you outside the hotel in half an hour, OK?
4. I need some money.  OK, I’m lending / I’ll lend you some. How much do you need?
5. I’m having / I’ll have a party next Saturday. I hope you can come.
6. Remember to buy a newspaper when you go out.  OK, I don’t forget / I won’t forget.
7. What time does your train leave / will your train leave tomorrow?
8. It's a secret between us. I promise I don't tell / won't tell anybody.
 Complete the sentences using WILL or GOING TO and an appropriate verb.
1. Why are you turning on the television?  I’m going to watch the news.
2. Oh, I’ve just realised. I haven’t got any money.  Haven’t you? Well, don’t worry. I
……………………………………… you some.
3. I’ve got a headache.  Have you? Wait there and I ……………………………………… an aspirin for
you.
4. Why are you filling that bucket with water?  I ……………………………………… the car.
5. I’ve decided to repaint this room.  Oh, have you? What colour ………………………………………
(you) it?
6. Where are you going? Are you going shopping?  Yes, I ……………………………………… something
for dinner.
7. I don’t know how to use this camera?  It’s quite easy. I ……………………………………… you.
8. What would you like to eat?  I ……………………………………… a sandwich, please.
9. Did you post that letter for me?  Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. I
……………………………………… it now.
10. Has George decided what to do when he leaves school?  Oh, yes. Everything is planned.
He ……………………………………… a holiday for a few weeks and then he ……………………………………… a
computer programming course.
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28. Conditionals
The little word if offers us whole new worlds of possibility:

If I were rich,…
If I could fly,…
If we hadn't voted for Brexit,…
… life would be different in so many ways.
In English grammar, sentences with if-clauses are called "conditionals". In the specially
written interactive short story that follows, we present the three main types of conditional
sentences. We hope you find it both helpful and enjoyable.
Here's your first conditional sentence: If you read the story and do the exercises, you'll
become more confident about using this important part of grammar. Have fun!
"But you're too young to have a job, Callum. You're a child!"

"Mum, I'm 14. And this is only a newspaper round. I'll be delivering a few newspapers before
school, not doing 40 hours a week in a factory."
Ruth had so many concerns about her son getting a job, but teenagers have an answer for
everything, don't they?
"What about your schoolwork? If you get up at six, you'll be too tired at school – and if
you're tired, you won't be able to concentrate."
"I'll go to bed an hour earlier. You're always saying I go to bed too late, so now I have a good
reason to go earlier."
What do you think? If Callum gets a job,…

• he will be too tired to concentrate at school.
• he will start going to bed earlier.
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"What about safety? You'll be alone on the streets in the early hours of the morning."
"If everyone is in bed, Mum, there won't be anyone to bother me. And I'll have my phone
with me."
If Callum has his phone with him,…

• he will be safe.
• he will still be in danger.
"Yes, if you remember to take it with you. You're so forgetful – and disorganized!"
"Well, this is the perfect opportunity for me to learn how to be responsible."
For every one of his mother's concerns, Callum had a clever answer. In the end, Ruth gave in.
"OK, you win. You can do your paper round. You can do it for a week, and we'll see how it
goes."
"Thanks, Mum. I'll phone the shop now and tell them I can start tomorrow morning."
If Callum does the job for a week,…

• he will decide it's too much work.
• he will enjoy it.
We use the first conditional to talk about real possibilities in real situations.
It is formed with if + present tense, and then, in a separate clause, a modal verb like
will/won't is used:
• If you get up at six, you will be tired.
• If you're tired, you won't be able to concentrate.
The if-clause can also go after the main clause:

• You won't be able to concentrate if you're tired.
Exercise 1
Match the two halves of the sentences that Callum says to his mother.
A. If I go to bed earlier,… 1. it'll be quicker than walking.

B. If I deliver the newspapers by bike,… 2. if you say "no".
C. I'll be angry,… 3. I'll be able to get up earlier, too.
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True to his word, Callum got up very early the next morning, in good time to do his first
newspaper round.
Ruth peeped out between the curtains and saw her son setting off on his bike in the
darkness. She quickly put on a cardigan over her pyjamas, put on the first pair of shoes she
could find and hurried out of the house to her car. Following her son at a distance, she drove
slowly through the streets.
What do you think? If Callum knew his mother was secretly following
him,…
• he would be very angry.
• he would laugh.
Callum seemed to be managing well so far. He was cycling safely and wearing his helmet and
fluorescent jacket. His bicycle lights were on. He was carrying the bag of newspapers across
his body, and he checked the map on his phone a couple of times to find the right streets. He
seemed more competent than Ruth had expected.
If Ruth didn't worry so much,…

• everything would be fine.
• something bad would happen to Callum.
There were already a few other people out at that time of day – a dog walker and a jogger –
but no one who was a risk to a paper boy. There were enough people around for one not to
feel lonely.
"If he had a problem, he wouldn't be alone," she realized.
If Callum had a problem,…

• someone would help him.
• no one would want to get involved.
"And he has his phone. I worry too much. What would my mum say if she knew I was following
him around? I was a really terrible teenager, but she never followed me – as far as I know."
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Ruth smiled at the memories of her own teenage behaviour.

"But things were different then. We were more independent. If Callum was a bit older, I
wouldn't worry so much. Or is it because I'm a single parent? If I had a partner, perhaps it
would be easier because…"
Cling, whoosh!
Ruth's thoughts were interrupted by a series of strange noises from the engine of her car.
The car lost power and stopped dead in the middle of the road.
"Damn it! What am I going to do now?"
We use the second conditonal to talk about ideas and situations that are unreal or
impossible.
It is formed with if + past tense, and then, in a separate clause, would/wouldn't:
• If I had a partner, perhaps it would be easier.
With the verb to be, it's traditionally correct to use were for all persons:
• If he were older, I wouldn't worry so much.
However, you can also use the standard past tense in modern, informal speech:
• If he was older, I wouldn't worry so much.

• What woud she say if she knew?
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Exercise 2
Ruth speaks to her friends about her situation. Choose the correct verb in bold.
A. Life will be/would be easier if I wasn't a single parent.

B. What would you do if you are/were in my position?
C. Would you let your 14-year-old son get a job if he wanted/would want one?
D. I wouldn't worry/didn't worry so much if the world weren't such a dangerous
place.
The car had broken down. What bad timing! Ruth needed to be home before Callum, but she
couldn't just leave the car standing in the middle of the road. She looked for her mobile
phone so that she could call the breakdown service, but she had no phone with her. She had
left it at home. Perhaps she could just walk home. She looked down at her clothes. She was
wearing her pyjamas, a thin cardigan and a pair of old sandals – not an adequate outfit for a
chilly morning. Still she could just push the car to the side of the road and run back to the
house, she would get home before…
What do you think? If Ruth had taken her bike instead of the car…,
• everything would have been fine.
• her bike would have broken down.
Knock! Knock!
The sound of someone knocking on the car window made her jump. She turned and saw the
confused face of her son. "Mum? What are you doing here?"
It was no good trying to tell a story about popping out for a pint of milk. Ruth confessed
everything and explained the stupid situation she'd got herself into.
104
If Ruth had told a lie,…

• it would have made the situation even worse.
• Callum would have believed her and never known she was following him.
She expected Callum to be angry, but he wasn't. He simply dealt with the practical side of
the problem.
"Don't worry, Mum. You can borrow my phone to call the breakdown service – and you can
have my jacket. I'll help you push the car to the side of the road. Then you can wait for the
breakdown people while I finish my newspaper round. Look, I'll even lend you a newspaper to
read while you're waiting."
"Thank you! What would I have done if you hadn't been here?"
"Hmm! Well, if I hadn't been here, you wouldn't have been here either, would you?" he
smiled.
If Callum hadn't been there,…

• Ruth would have been in big trouble.
• a dog walker would have helped Ruth.
Ruth watched as Callum cycled off to finish his deliveries. "How did he become such a
sensible, well-organized, competent young man?" she wondered. "He certainly doesn't get it
from his mother."
We use the third conditional to talk about situations in the past, things that we can no
longer change.
It is formed with if + past perfect tense, and then, in a separate clause, would have/wouldn't
have:
• If I hadn't been here, you wouldn't have been here either.

• What would I have done if you hadn't been there?
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Exercise 3
Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
A. Ruth …………………………………………………… (call) the breakdown service if she had had

her phone.
B. If Ruth had trusted Callum, she …………………………………………………… (not follow) him.
C. Callum wouldn't have seen his mum if her car …………………………………………………… (not
break down).
D. If Ruth …………………………………………………… (have) a jacket and proper shoes, she
would have been able to walk home.
Exercise 4
To test your understanding of all three conditionals, choose the right meaning of the sentences (A-C).
A. I'll come if I can.

1. I'll try to come.
2. I'm sorry, I can't come.
B. I'd help you if I could.
1. I'll try to help you.
2. I'm sorry, I can't help you.
C. If Kate had been there, she would have known what to do.
1. Kate was there.
2. Kate wasn't there.
If the if-clause comes first, we use a comma:

• If I throw the newspaper down, it might get wet.
If the if-clause comes second, don't use a comma:
• The newspaper might get wet if I throw it down.
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Exercise 5
Put the verb into the correct form.
1. If you …………………………………………………… (find) a wallet in the street, what would you

do with it?
2. I must hurry. My friend will be annoyed if I ……………………………………………………
(not/be) on time.
3. I didn't realise that Gary was in hospital. If I ……………………………………………………
(know) he was in hospital, I would have gone to visit him.
4. If the phone …………………………………………………… (ring), can you answer it?
5. I can't decide what to do. What would you do if you …………………………………………………
(be) in my position?
6. A: What shall we do tomorrow?
B: Well, if it …………………………………………………… (be) a nice day, we can go to the
beach.
7. A: Let's go to the beach.
B: No, it's too cold. If it …………………………………………………… (be) warmer, I wouldn't
mind going to the beach.
8. A: Did you go to the beach yesterday?
B: No, it was too cold. If it …………………………………………………… (be) warmer, we might
have gone.
9. If you …………………………………………………… (have) enough money to go anywhere in the
world, where would you go?
10. I'm glad we had a map. I'm sure we would have got lost if we …………………………………
(not/have) one.
11. The accident was your fault. If you …………………………………………………… (drive) more
carefully, it wouldn't have happened.
12. A: Why do you read newspapers?
B: Well, if I …………………………………………………… (not/read) newspapers, I wouldn't
know what was happening in the world.
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Exercise 6
Complete the sentences.
1. Liz is tired all the time. She shouldn't go to bed so late.

If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. It's rather late. I don't think Ann will come to see us now.
I'd be surprised if Ann ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I'm sorry I disturbed you. I didn't know you were busy.
If I'd known you were busy, I …………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The dog attacked you, but only because you provoked it.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. I don't want them to be upset, so I've decided not to tell them what happened.
They ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Unfortunately, I didn't have an umbrella and so I got very wet in the rain.
I ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Martin failed his driving test last week. He was very nervous and that's why he
failed.
If he ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 7
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1. I'd go out this evening if ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. I'd have gone out last night if …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. If you hadn't reminded me, ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4 We wouldn't have been late if …………………………………………………………………………………………
5. If I'd been able to get tickets, ………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Who would you phone if ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Cities would be nicer places if …………………………………………………………………………………………
8. If there was no television, …………………………………………………………………………………………………
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29. Modals
Theory
Present Past Future Conditional

can could will be able to could
Capacité be able to was/were able to would be able to
can could will be allowed to could

may might might
Autorisation
be allowed to was/were allowed would be allowed
to to
must had to will have to would have to
have to (/!\ did you have (shall) should
Obligation
(/!\ do you have to?)
to?)
mustn’t couldn’t won’t be allowed couldn’t
can’t wasn’t/weren’t to shouldn’t
Interdiction
not be allowed to allowed to (shan’t) wouldn’t be
allowed to
Absence needn’t didn’t have to won’t have to wouldn’t have to
d’obligation don’t have to
(pas besoin de)
Exercises
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences with CAN/CAN'T/COULD/COULDN'T + one of these verbs:
come eat hear run sleep wait
1. I’m afraid I …………………………………………………… to your party next week.
2. When Tim was 16, he was a fast runner. He …………………………………………………… 100
metres in 11 seconds.
3. ‘Are you in a hurry?’ ‘No, I’ve got plenty of time. I …………………………………………………….’
4. I was feeling sick yesterday. I …………………………………………………… anything.
5. Can you speak up a bit? I …………………………………………………… you very well.
6. ‘You look tired.’ ‘Yes, I …………………………………………………… last night.’
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Exercise 2
Put in MUST or CAN'T.
1. You’ve been travelling all day. You …………………………………………………… be very tired.
2. That restaurant …………………………………………………… be very good. It’s always full of
people.
3. That restaurant …………………………………………………… be very good. It’s always empty.
4. You’re going on holiday next week. You …………………………………………………… be looking
forward to it.
5. It rained every day during their holiday, so they ……………………………………………………
have had a very nice time.
6. Congratulations on passing your exam. You ……………………………………………………be very
pleased.
7. You got here very quickly. You …………………………………………………… have walked very
fast.
8. Bill and Sue go away on holiday very often, so they ……………………………………………………
be short of money.
Exercise 3
Complete these sentences with MUSTN'T or DON'T/DOESN'T HAVE TO.
1. I don’t want anyone to know. You …………………………………………………… tell anyone.
2. He …………………………………………………… wear a suit to work but he usually does.
3. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I …………………………………………………… go to
work.
4. Whatever you do, you …………………………………………………… touch that switch. It’s very
dangerous.
5. There’s a lift in the building, so we …………………………………………………… climb the stairs.
6. You …………………………………………………… forget what I told you. It’s very important.
7. Sue …………………………………………………… get up early. She gets up early because she
wants to.
8. Don’t make so much noise. We …………………………………………………… wake the baby.
9. I …………………………………………………… eat too much. I’m supposed to be on a diet.
10. You …………………………………………………… be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis.
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Exercise 4
Complete the sentences with MUST, MUSTN'T or NEEDN'T.
1. We haven’t got much time. We …………………………………………………… hurry.
2. We’ve got plenty of time. We …………………………………………………… hurry.
3. We have enough food at home so we …………………………………………………… go shopping
today.
4. Jim gave me a letter to post. I …………………………………………………… remember to post it.
5. Jim gave me a letter to post. I …………………………………………………… forget to post it.
6. There's plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You ……………………………………………
decide now.
7. You …………………………………………………… wash those tomatoes. They've already been
washed.
8. This is a valuable book. You …………………………………………………… look after it carefully
and you …………………………………………………… lose it.
9. 'What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big?' 'Well, it
…………………………………………………… be big – that's not important. But it
…………………………………………………… have a nice garden – that's essential.'
Exercise 5
What do these signs mean? Use HAVE TO/DON'T HAVE TO, CAN/CAN'T, or (NOT) BE ALLOWED
TO.
1 2 3
4 5 6
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30. Verb patterns

Theory
Verb + -ing Verb + to + inf. Verb + -ing or to + inf. Modal auxiliary + inf.
like choose begin can
love decide start could
enjoy forget continue may
appreciate promise might
hate need shall
dislike help will
detest hope would
finish try must
stop want should
look forward to would like have to
be thinking of would love
suggest used
mind expect
go on plan
learn
offer
Exercises
Exercise 1
Put the verb in the correct form (infinitive, TO + infinitive or –ING)
1. Shall I …………………………………………………… (open) the window?
2. It’s late. I have …………………………………………………… (go) now.
3. Ann isn’t …………………………………………………… (work) this week. She’s on holiday.
4. I’m tired. I don’t want …………………………………………………… (go) out.
5. It might …………………………………………………… (rain), so take an umbrella with you.
6. What time do you have …………………………………………………… (leave) tomorrow morning?
7. I’m afraid I can’t …………………………………………………… (help) you.
8. My brother is a student. He’s …………………………………………………… (study) physics.
9. Would you like …………………………………………………… (go) on a trip round the world?
10. When you saw Janet, what was she …………………………………………………… (wear)?
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11. When you go to London, where are you going …………………………………………………… (stay)?
12. I’m hungry. I must …………………………………………………… (have) something to eat.
13. ‘Where’s George?’ ‘He’s …………………………………………………… (have) a bath.’
14. I used …………………………………………………… (have) a car but I sold it last year.
15. He spoke very quietly. I couldn’t …………………………………………………… (hear) him.
16. You don’t look well. I don’t think you should …………………………………………………… (go) to
work today.
17. I don’t know what he said. I wasn’t …………………………………………………… (listen) to him.
18. I’m sorry I’m late. I had …………………………………………………… (make) a phone call.
19. I want …………………………………………………… (know) what happened. You must
…………………………………………………… (tell) me.
20. May I …………………………………………………… (use) your phone?
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences using TO + infinitive or –ING. Use one of these verbs:
go – help – live – lose – rain – read – see – send – take – wait – walk – watch
1. I like London but I wouldn’t like to …………………………………………………… there.
2. I like …………………………………………………… photographs when I’m on holiday.
3. Linda has a lot of books. She enjoys …………………………………………………….
4. I’m surprised that you’re here. I didn’t expect …………………………………………………… you.
5. Don’t forget …………………………………………………… us a postcard when you’re on holiday.
6. ‘Shall we get a taxi to the cinema?’ ‘If you like, but it isn’t far. I don’t mind
……………………………………………………’
7. This ring is very beautiful. I’d hate …………………………………………………… it.
8. Julia had a lot to do, so I offered …………………………………………………… her.
9. What shall we do this afternoon? Would you like …………………………………………………… to
the beach?
10. When I’m tired in the evenings, I like …………………………………………………… television.
11. ‘Shall we go now?’ ‘No, I’d prefer …………………………………………………… a few minutes.’
12. I’m not going out until it stops …………………………………………………….
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Reminder
verb + to + infinitive Voir liste

I want to go out. ci-dessus.
She expects to have some good news.
They teach how to drive.
verb + somebody + to + infinitive

Sue asked a friend to lend her some money.
ask +sb + to + inf.
I told you to be careful. tell + sb + to + inf.
What do you advise me to do? advise + sb + to + inf.
I didn’t expect them to be there. expect + sb + to + inf.
We persuaded George to come with us. persuade + sb + to + inf.
I taught my brother to swim. teach + sb + to + inf.
Exercise 3
Complete the following sentences.
1. Dan persuaded ……………………………………………………………………………… (I / go to the cinema).
2. I wanted to get to the station. A woman told ………………………………………………………………
(I / turn left after the bridge).
3. Brian wasn’t well. I advised ………………………………………………………………………………………………
(he / go to the doctor).
4. Linda had a lot of luggage. She asked ………………………………………………………………………………
(I / help her).
5. I was busy. I told ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(Tom / come back in 5 minutes).
6. I wanted to make a phone call. Paul let ………………………………………………………………………………
(I / use his phone).
7. Sue is going to phone later. I told ……………………………………………………………………………………
(she/not phone before 8 o’clock).
8. Ann’s mother taught …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(she/play the piano).
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31. Comparative and superlative
adjectives
1) Form
1. Observe le tableau suivant.
Comparatif Superlatif
Adjectifs courts cheap cheaper cheapest
nice nicer nicest
* big bigger biggest
Adjectifs qui se funny funnier funniest
terminent en –y early earlier earliest
heavy heavier heaviest
Adjectifs de deux careful more careful most careful
syllabes ou plus boring more boring most boring
expensive more expensive most expensive
interesting more interesting most interesting
Adjectifs far further furthest
irréguliers good better best
bad worse worst
* Pour les adjectifs courts avec une voyelle + une consonne, on double la consonne:
hot/hotter/hottest; fat/fatter/fattest
2. Than est souvent utilisé après un adjectif au comparatif.

I’m younger than Barbara.
Barbara’s more intelligent than Sarah.
Much peut se placer avant l’adjectif pour insister (beaucoup plus).

She’s much nicer than her sister.
Is Tokyo much more modern than London?
3. The est utilisé devant les adjectifs au superlatif.

He’s the funniest boy in the class.
Which is the tallest building in the world?
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2) Use
1. Les comparatifs comparent une chose, une personne ou une action avec une autre.
She’s taller than me.
London’s more expensive than Rome.
2. Les superlatifs comparent quelqu’un ou quelque chose avec un groupe entier.

She’s the tallest in the class.
It’s the most expensive hotel in the world.
3. As… as montre que quelque chose est le/la même ou égal/e.

Jim’s as tall as Peter.
I’m as worried as you are.
4. Not as/so… as montre que quelque chose n’est pas le/la même ou qu’il/elle n’est pas
égal/e.
She isn’t as tall as her mother.
My car wasn’t so expensive as yours.
Exercises
Exercise 1
Write the comparative and the superlative of each adjective.
Comparative Superlative
1. easy
2. expensive
3. far
4. sad
5. interesting
6. big
7. good
8. funny
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Exercise 2
Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in brackets.
1. This restaurant is ………………………………………… (cheap) than the other one in this
street. The food is really good. I think it’s the ………………………………………… (delicious)
food in town.
2. Who is the ………………………………………… (popular) actor in your country?
3. Michael is a good player, but John is a ………………………………………… (good) player than
him. But Peter is the ………………………………………… (talented) player in the team.
4. Could you tell me the ………………………………………… (quick) way to get to London from
here?
5. Eva is generous, but Laura is even ………………………………………… (generous) than her.
6. I’ve never been ………………………………………… (happy). This is the …………………………………………
(happy) day of my life.
Exercise 3
Complete the sentences. Use as… as and one of the following words:
long difficult exciting much fast hot quiet high spicy
1. I don’t think a hippopotamus can run ………………………………………… a lion.
2. Today is warm, but it’s not ………………………………………… yesterday.
3. I’m early. The journey didn’t take ………………………………………… I expected.
4. The children are asleep, so I’ll be ………………………………………… I can.
5. I got an A. The exam wasn’t ………………………………………… I expected.
6. The Alps aren’t ………………………………………… the Himalayas.
7. My curry isn’t ………………………………………… yours.
8. I didn’t expect the film to be ………………………………………… it was!
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32. Relative clauses

a person who…
a thing that/which…
1) INTRODUCTION
 I met a woman. She can speak six languages.  2 phrases
 I met a woman who can speak 6 languages.  1 phrase
On a donc remplacé she par who.
 Jim was wearing a hat. It was too big for him.  2 phrases
 Jim was wearing a hat that/which was too big for him.  1
phrase
On a donc remplacé it par that ou which.
2) WHO
Who est utilisé pour les personnes.
Exemples:
a. A thief is a person who steals things.
b. Do you know anybody who can play the piano?
c. The man who phoned didn’t give his name.
d. The people who work in the office are very friendly.
3) THAT
That est utilisé pour les choses ou pour les personnes.
Exemples:
a. An aeroplane is a machine that flies.
b. Emma lives in a house that is 500 years old.
c. The people that work in the office are very friendly.
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/!\ On peut utiliser that pour les personnes, mais who est quand même plus
habituel.
4) WHICH
Which est utilisé pour les choses (et pas pour les personnes).
Exemples:
a. An aeroplane is a machine which flies.
b. Emma lives in a house which is 500 years old.
/!\ On n’utilise pas which pour les personnes!
Exercises
Exercise 1
Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A… IS A PERSON WHO…
a thief a dentist doesn’t tell the truth is ill in hospital
a butcher a fool looks after your teeth steals things
a musician a genius is very intelligent is very stupid
a patient a liar plays a musical instrument sells meat
1. A thief is a person who steals things.
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 2
Make one sentence from two.
1. A man phoned. He didn’t give his name.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. A woman opened the door. She was wearing a yellow dress.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Some students took the exam. Most of them passed.
Most of the students ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A policeman stopped our car. He wasn’t very friendly.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3
Put in WHO or WHICH.
1. I met a woman ………………………… can speak six languages.
2. What’s the name of the woman ………………………… lives next door?
3. What’s the name of the river ………………………… flows through the town?
4. Where is the picture ………………………… was hanging on the wall?
5. Do you know anybody ………………………… wants to buy a car?
6. You always ask questions ………………………… are difficult to answer.
7. I have a friend ………………………… is very good at repairing cars.
8. I think everybody ………………………… went to the party enjoyed it very much.
Exercise 4
Right or wrong? Correct the mistakes.
1. A thief is a person which steals things.
2. An aeroplane is a machine that flies.
3. A coffee maker is a machine who makes coffee.
4. Have you seen the money that was on the table?
5. I don’t like people which never stop talking.
6. I know somebody that can help you.
7. I know somebody who works in that shop.
8. Correct the sentences who are wrong.
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the people we met…

the hotel you stayed at…
1) LE PRONOM RELATIF EST UN OBJET
 The man is carrying a bag. It’s very heavy.  2 phrases
 The bag (that) he is carrying is very heavy.  1 phrase
That n’est pas obligatoire.
 Ann took some photographs. Have you seen them?  2
phrases
 Have you seen the photographs (that) Ann took?  1 phrase
That n’est pas obligatoire.
On n’a pas besoin de that / who / which quand il s’agit d’un complément d’objet direct.
subject verb object
The man was carrying a bag.
 the bag (that) the man was carrying.
Ann took some photographs.
 the photographs (that) Ann took.
You wanted the book.
 the book (that) you wanted.
We met some people.
 the people (that) we met.
Exemples:
a. Did you find the book (that) you wanted?
b. The people (that) we met were very nice.
c. Everything (that) I said was true.
d. The film (that) we saw was very good.
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2) PRÉPOSITION
Parfois, il y a une préposition (to, in, at, etc.) après le verbe.
Exemples:
a. Jill is talking to a man.  Do you know the man Jill is talking to?
b. We stayed at a hotel.  The hotel we stayed at was near the station.
c. I told you about some books.  These are the books I told you about.
/!\
Pour un lieu, on peut dire: (a place) where…
Exemple:
The hotel where we stayed was near the station.
3) LE PRONOM RELATIF EST UN SUJET
On doit utiliser who / that / which quand c’est un sujet.
Exemple:
a. I met a woman who can speak six languages. (who est le sujet)
b. Jim was wearing a hat that was too big for him. (that est le sujet)
Exercises
Exercise 1
1. Ann took some photographs. Have you seen them?
Have you seen ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You gave me a pen. I’ve lost it.
I’ve lost the …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Sue is wearing a jacket. I like it.
I like the ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I gave you some flowers. Where are they?
Where are the ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. He told us a story. I didn’t believe it.
I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. You bought some oranges. How much were they?
How ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 2
1. I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.
The bag ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You cooked a meal. It was excellent.
The ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I’m wearing shoes. They aren’t very comfortable.
The shoes ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. We invited some people to dinner. They didn’t come.
The ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3
Complete the sentences. Use the information in the box.
I looked at a map they live in a house
I was sitting on a chair we were waiting for a bus
you stayed at a hotel Linda is dancing with a man
you were looking for some keys you spoke to some people
1. What’s the name of the hotel you stayed at?
2. Who are the people ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ?
3. Did you find the ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ?
4. The ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… is too small for them.
5. The ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… wasn’t very clear.
6. I fell off ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… was very late.
8. Who is ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ?
Exercise 4
Read the situations and complete the questions. Use … where …
1. John stayed at a hotel. You ask him: Did you like ………………………………………………………………
2. Sue had dinner in a restaurant. You ask her: What's the name of the restaurant ……
3. Sarah lives in a village. You ask her: Do you like …………………………………………………………………
4. Richard works in a factory. You ask him: How big ………………………………………………………………
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33. Tenses: Summary

1) Present simple 2) Present continuous
I play I am playing
Action habituelle: always, never, often, sometimes, Action se déroulant maintenant: now, today, at
usually, generally, rarely, every,… present, tonight, Look!, Listen!,…
Traduction: je joue Traduction: je joue
+ S + inf ss to (s 3ème pers sg) + S + to be + ing
- Aux do/does à la forme nég + inf ss to - S + to be ac nég + ing
? Aux do/does + S + V + cplt ? Aux to be + S + ing

3) Past simple 4) Past continuous
I played I was playing
Action une fois dans le passé: yesterday, last…, … Action longue dans le passé → imparfait
ago, in…, when…?,… Traduction: je jouais
Traduction: je jouai/j’ai joué
+ S + to be au past + ing
+ S + inf ss to + ed
- Aux to be au past et forme nég + ing
- Aux did à la forme nég + inf ss to
? Aux to be au past + S + ing
? Aux did + S + V + cplt
5) Present perfect simple 6) Present perfect continuous
I have played I have been playing
Se réfère à une période qui commence dans le Action qui a débuté dans le passé mais qui est
passé et continue dans le présent: just, already, tjs en développement, en progrès: since, for =
not… yet, lately, recently, so far, up to now, always, depuis; since when…?, how long…?,…
never, often, since, for, since when…?,… Traduction: je joue
Traduction: je joue/j’ai joué
+ S + have + been + ing
+ S + have + PP
- S + have à la forme nég + been + ing
- S + have à la forme nég + PP
? Have + S + been + ing + cplt
? Have + S + PP + cplt
7) Past perfect simple 8) Past perfect continuous
I had played I had been playing
Action antérieure à un autre fait passé Action non terminée (= en progrès) au moment du
Traduction: j’avais joué passé qu’on considère et dont on indique la durée:
since, for
+ S + had + PP Traduction: je jouais
- S + had à la forme nég + PP + S + had + been + ing
? Had + S + PP + cplt - S + had à la forme nég + been + ing
? Had + S + been + ing + cplt
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34. The passive voice

Introduction:
VOIX
The mechanic repairs my car.
ACTIVE:
Complément d’objet
Sujet Verbe
direct
VOIX by the
My car is repaired
PASSIVE: mechanic.
Auxiliaire de la
Sujet Participe passé Complément d’agent
voix passive
Basis:
VOIX Complément
Sujet Verbe
ACTIVE: d’objet direct
VOIX Complément
Sujet Verbe
PASSIVE: d’agent
Form:
Pour mettre un verbe à la voix passive, il suffit simplement de retenir le principe suivant:
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Une fois qu’on a bien ce principe en tête, mettre tous les temps de la voix active à la voix
passive va devenir un jeu d’enfant.
Pour mieux illustrer ce principe, voici un tableau récapitulatif de plusieurs temps à la voix
active et à la voix passive.
VOIX ACTIVE VOIX PASSIVE
PRESENT SIMPLE eats is eaten

 VP au present simple = to
be au present simple + PP
PRESENT CONTINUOUS is eating is being eaten

 VP au present continuous =
to be au present continuous +
PP
PAST SIMPLE ate was eaten

 VP au past simple = to be au
past simple + PP
PAST CONTINUOUS was eating was being eaten

 VP au past continuous = to
be au past continuous + PP
PRESENT PERFECT has eaten has been eaten

 VP au present perfect = to
be au present perfect + PP
PAST PERFECT had eaten had been eaten

 VP au past perfect = to be
au past perfect + PP
FUTURE (WILL) will eat will be eaten

 VP au future = to be au
future + PP
CONDITIONAL (WOULD) would eat would be eaten

 VP au conditional = to be au
conditional + PP
MODALS (CAN) can eat can be eaten

 VP avec un modal = modal +
be + PP
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Use:
1. Qu’est-ce qui est important dans une phrase à la voix active? C’est le sujet qui fait
l’action. Par contre, à la voix passive, l’important ce n’est plus le sujet qui agit, mais
bien l’objet qui subit l’action.
ex.: Alfred Hitchcock directed “Psycho” in 1960. (VA)

“Psycho”, one of the classic thrillers of all time, was directed by Alfred
Hitchcock. (VP)
Le passif n’est pas simplement une autre façon d’exprimer une phrase à la voix
active. On choisit la voix active ou la voix passive selon ce qui nous intéresse. Dans
la première phrase, c’est Alfred Hitchcock qui nous intéresse ; dans la deuxième
phrase, « Psycho » s’est déplacé vers le début de la phrase car c’est bien le film qui
nous intéresse davantage.
2. By et le complément d’agent sont souvent omis dans les phrases à la voix passive…
- si l’agent est inconnu.
ex.: My apartment was robbed last night.
- si l’agent n’est pas important.
ex.: This bridge was built in 1886.
- si l’agent est évident.
ex.: I was fined £100 for speeding.
3. Le passif est associé avec un style impersonnel et formel. Il est souvent utilisé
dans les modes d’emploi et dans les annonces.
ex.: Customers are requested to refrain from smoking.

It has been noticed that reference books have been removed from the library.
4. En langage informel, on utilise souvent le you, we et they pour se référer aux gens
en général ou à personne en particulier. De cette manière, on peut éviter
l’utilisation de la voix passive.
ex.: You can buy stamps in lots of shops, not just the post offices.
They’re building a new department store in the city centre.
We speak English in this shop.
/!\ Attention /!\

Beaucoup de participes passés sont utilisés comme adjectifs.
ex.: I’m very interested in modern art.
We were extremely worried about you.
I’m exhausted! I’ve been working hard all day.
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Exercises:
Exercise 1
Write passive sentences from the words in brackets.
Sentences 1-4 are present!
1. (the office / clean / every day)
The office is cleaned every day.
2. (these rooms / clean / every day)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. (glass / make /from sand)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. (stamps / sell / in post offices)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Sentences 5-8 are past!
5. (the office / clean / yesterday)
The office was cleaned yesterday.
6. (the house / paint / last month
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. (three people / injure / in the accident)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. (my bicycle / steal / a few days ago)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs.
clean – damage – find – give – invite – make (x 2) – show – steal - take
1. The room …………………………………………………… every day.
2. I saw an accident yesterday. Two people …………………………………………………… to hospital.
3. Paper …………………………………………………… from wood.
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4. There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms
…………………………………………………….
5. ‘Where did you get this picture?’ ‘It …………………………………………………… to me by a
friend of mine.’
6. Many American programmes …………………………………………………… on British television.
7. 'Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?' 'No. They …………………………………………………… but
they didn't go.'
8. 'How old is this film?' 'It …………………………………………………… in 1965.'
9. My car …………………………………………………… last week but the next day it
…………………………………………………… by the police.
Exercise 3
Complete the following passive voice sentences in the tenses suggested.
1. This quarrel …………………………………………………… (forget) in a few years' time. (Future)
2. English …………………………………………………… (speak) all over the world. (Present simple)
3. My fountain pen …………………………………………………… (steal). (Present perfect)
4. He …………………………………………………… (never / beat) at tennis. (Present perfect)
5. The books …………………………………………………… (lose) in the post. (Past simple)
6. His new book …………………………………………………… (publish) next month. (Future)
7. Milk …………………………………………………… (use) to make butter and cheese. (Present simple)
8. The dog …………………………………………………… (forget) in the garden. (Past simple)
Exercise 4
Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. I can’t use my office at the moment. It ……………………………………………………. (paint)
2. We didn’t go to the party. We …………………………………………………… (not / invite).
3. The washing machine was broken but it’s OK now. It ……………………………………………………
(repair).
4. The washing machine …………………………………………………… (repair) yesterday afternoon.
5. A factory is a place where things …………………………………………………… (make).
6. How old are these houses? When …………………………………………………… (they / build)?
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7. A: …………………………………………………… (the computer / use) at the moment?
B: Yes, Jim is using it.
8. I've never seen these flowers before. What …………………………………………………… (they /
call)?
9. Some trees …………………………………………………… (blow) down in the storm last night.
10. The bridge is closed at the moment. It …………………………………………………… (damage) last
week and it …………………………………………………… (not / repair) yet.
Exercise 5
Translate the following sentences into English. Don't forget to use a passive voice!
1. Mes petites souris ont été mangées par le chat du voisin.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. On enseigne l'anglais quasiment dans tous les pays du monde.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Le beurre est produit à partir du lait.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Cet homme a été arrêté par la police hier après-midi.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. La fenêtre de la cuisine a été cassée par le voleur.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. L'exposition sera organisée du 1er mars au 15 mai 2030.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. On m'a dit de rester tranquille.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. On lui a offert un énorme bouquet de jonquilles.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Une tasse de café chaud avait été déposée sur le bureau de la secrétaire
lorsqu'elle est arrivée.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Le lave-vaisselle est vidé par la femme de ménage tous les deux jours.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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35. Prepositions
1. Compare at, on and in:

• They arrived at 5 o'clock.
• They arrived on Friday.
• They arrived in October.
• They arrived in 1958.
We use:
a. at for the time of day:

at 5 o'clock at 11.45 at midnight at lunchtime at sunset
b. on for days and dates:

on Friday(s) on 12 March 1991 on Christmas Day on my birthday
c. in for longer periods (for example, months/years/seasons):

in October in 1968 in the 18th century in the past in (the) winter
in the 1970s in the Middle Ages in (the) future
2. We use at in these expressions:
• at night
I don't like going out at night.
• at the weekend/at weekends
Will you be there at the weekend?
• at Christmas/at Easter (but on Christmas Day)
Do you give each other presents at Christmas?
• at the moment/at present
Mr Benn is busy at the moment/at present.
• at the same time
Liz and I arrived at the same time.
Note that we usually ask What time…? (not At what time…?)

What time are you going out this evening?
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3. We say:
in the morning(s) in the afternoon(s) in the evening(s)

• I'll see you in the morning.
• Do you work in the evenings?
but:
on Friday morning(s) on Sunday afternoon(s) on Monday evening(s)

• I'll be at home on Friday morning.
• Do you usually go out on Saturday evenings?
4. We do not use at/on/in before last/next/this/every:

• I'll see you next Friday.
• They got married last March.
5. In a few minutes/in six months/etc. = a time in the future

• The train will be leaving in a few minutes.
• Jack has gone away. He'll be back in a week.
• She'll be here in a moment.
You can also say in six months' time/in a week's time/etc.

• They're getting married in six months' time / in six months.
We also use in… to say how long it takes to do something:

• I learnt to drive in four weeks. (= it took me four weeks to learn)
6. Exercises
Exercise 1
Put in at, on, or in where necessary.
1. a. I'll see you …………………… Friday.
b. I'll see you …………………… next Friday.
2. a. What are you doing …………………… Saturday?
b. What are you doing …………………… the weekend?
3. a. They often go out …………………… the evenings.
b. They often go out …………………… Sunday evenings.
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4. a. Do you work …………………… Wednesdays?
b. Do you work …………………… every Wednesday?
5. a. We usually have a holiday …………………… the summer.
b. We often have a short holiday …………………… Christmas.
Exercise 2
Put in at, on, or in.
1. Mozart was born in Salzburg …………………… 1756.
2. I haven't seen Kate for a few days. I last saw her …………………… Tuesday.
3. The price of electricity is going up …………………… October.
4. I've been invited to a wedding …………………… 14 February.
5. Hurry up! We've got to go …………………… five minutes.
6. I'm busy just now but I'll be with you …………………… a moment.
7. Jenny's brother is an engineer but he's out of work …………………… the moment.
8. There are usually a lot of parties …………………… New Year's Eve.
9. I hope the weather will be nice …………………… the weekend.
10. …………………… Saturday night I went to bed …………………… 11 o'clock.
1. In
• in a room
• in a building
• in a box
• in a garden
• in a town/city
• in a country
• There's no one in the room/in the building/in the garden.

• What have you got in your hand/in your mouth?
• When we were in Italy, we spent a few days in Venice.
• I have a friend who lives in a small village in the mountains.
• Look at those people swimming in the pool/in the sea/in the river.
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2. At
• at the bus stop

• at the door
• at the window
• at the top (of the page)
• at the bottom (of the page)
• at the end of the street
• Who is that man standing at the bus stop/at the door/at the window?
• Turn left at the traffic lights/at the church/at the roundabout.
• Write your name at the top/at the bottom of the page.
• Angela's house is the white one at the end of the street.
• When you leave the hotel, please leave your key at reception.
3. On
• on the ceiling
• on the wall
• on the door
• on the table
• on the floor
• on her nose
• on a page
• on an island
• I sat on the floor/on the ground/on the grass/on a chair/on the beach.
• There's a dirty mark on the wall/on the ceiling/on your nose/on your shirt.
• Have you seen the notice on the notice board/on the door?
• You'll find details of TV programme on page seven (of the newspaper).
4. Compare in and at:

• There were a lot of people in the shop. It was crowded.  "dans le magasin"
• Go along this road, then turn left at the shop. (somebody giving directions)  "au
magasin"
5. Compare in and on:

• There is some water in the bottle.  "dans la bouteille"
• There is a label on the bottle.  "sur la bouteille"
6. Compare at and on:

• There is somebody at the door. Shall I go and see who it is?  "à la porte"
• There is a notice on the door. It says "Do not distrub".  "sur la porte"
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7. Exercises
Exercise 3
Complete the sentences. Use in, at, or on + one of the following:
your coffee – that tree – my guitar – the river – the next garage
1. Look at those people swimming ……………………………………… .
2. One of the strings ……………………………………… is broken.
3. There's something wrong with the car. We'd better stop ……………………………………… .
4. Would you like sugar ……………………………………… ?
5. The leaves ……………………………………… are beautiful colour.
Exercise 4
Complete the sentences with in, at, or on.
1. Write your name …………………… the top of the page.
2. I like that picture hanging …………………… the wall …………………… the kitchen.
3. There was an accident …………………… the crossroads this morning.
4. I wasn't sure whether I had come to the right office. There was no name
…………………… the door.
5. …………………… the end of the street there is a path leading to the river.
6. You'll find the sports results …………………… the back page of the newspaper.
7. I wouldn't like an office job. I couldn't spend the whole day sitting ……………………
a desk.
8. My brother lives …………………… a small village …………………… the south-west of
England.
9. The man the police are looking for has a scar …………………… his right cheek.
10. The headquarters of the company are …………………… Milan.
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1. In
• in a line/in a row/in a queue/in a

street
• in a photograph/in a picture/(look at
yourself) in a mirror
• in the sky/in the world
• in a book/in a newspaper/in a
magazine/in a letter (BUT on a page)
• When I go to the cinema, I prefer to sit in the front row.

• I live in King Street. Sarah lives in Queen Street.
• Who is the woman in that photograph?
• Have you seen this article in the paper (= newspaper)?
• It was a lovely day. There wasn't a cloud in the sky.
2. On
• on the left/on the right

• on the ground floor/on the first floor/on the second floor/etc.
• on a map/on the menu (in a restaurant)/on a list
• on a farm
• In Britain we drive on the left. (or … on the left-hand side).

• Our flat is on the second floor of the building.
• Here's a shopping list. Don't buy anything that's not on the list.
• Have you ever worked on a farm?
We say that a place is on a river/on a road/on the coast:

• London is on the River Thames.
• Portsmouth is on the south coast of England.
We say that a place is on the way to another place:

• We stopped at a small village on the way to London.
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3. The corner
in the corner at/on the corner
We say in the corner of a room, BUT at the corner (or on the corner)
of a street:
• The television is in the corner of the room.
• There's a public telephone at/on the corner of the street.
4. The front and the back
We say in the front/in the back of a car:

• I was sitting in the back (of the car) when we crashed.
But
at the front/at the back of a building/cinema/group of people/etc:
• The garden is at the back of the house.
• Let's sit at the front (of the cinema).
• I was standing at the back, so I couldn't see very well.
Also
on the front/on the back of a letter/piece of paper/etc:
• Write your name on the back of this envelope.
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5. Exercises
Exercise 5
the west coast – the world – the front row – the right – the sky -
the back of the envelope – the back of the class – my way to work
1. It was a lovely day. There wasn't a cloud ……………………………………… .
2. In most countries people drive ……………………………………… .
3. What is the tallest building ……………………………………… ?
4. I usually buy a newspaper ……………………………………… in the morning.
5. San Francisco is ……………………………………… of the United States.
Exercise 6
1. It can be dangerous when children play …………………… the street.
2. If you walk to the end of the street, you'll see a small shop …………………… the
corner.
3. Is Tom …………………… this photograph? I can't find him.
4. My office is …………………… the first floor. It's …………………… the left as you come
out of the lift.
5. We normally use the front entrance but there's another entrance ……………………
the back.
6. A: Is there anything interesting …………………… the paper today?
B: Well, there's an unusual photograph …………………… the back page.
7. I love to look up at the stars …………………… the sky at night.
8. (in a restaurant) "Where shall we sit?" "Over there, …………………… the corner."
9. When I'm a passenger in a car, I prefer to sit …………………… the front.
10. It's a very small village. You probably won't find it …………………… your map.
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1. In bed/at home/etc.
We say that somebody is in bed/in hospital/in prison:

• Mark isn't up yet. He's still in bed.
• Kay's mother is in hospital.
We say that somebody is at home/at work/at school/at university/at

college:
• I'll be at work until 5.30 but I'll be at home all evening.
• Julia is studying chemistry at university.
Also at sea (= on a voyage). Compare at sea and in the sea:

• It was a long voyage. We were at sea for 30 days.  "en mer"
• I love swimming in the sea.  "dans la mer"
2. At a party/at a concert/etc.
We say that somebody is at an event (at a party/at a conference/etc.)

• Were there many people at the party/at the meeting?
• I saw Jack at a football match/at a concert last Saturday.
3. In and at for buildings
You can often use in or at with buildings. For example, you can eat in a
restaurant or at a restaurant. We usually say at when we say "where an
event takes place" (for example, a concert, a film, a party, a meeting, a
sports event):
• We went to a concert at the Royal Festival Hall.
• The meeting took place at the company's headquarters.
• The film I want to see is showing at the Odeon (cinema).
We say at the station/at the airport:

• Don't meet me at the station. I can get a taxi.
We say at somebody's house:

• I was at Judy's house last night. = I was at Judy's last night.
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Also: at the doctor's, at the hairdresser's, etc.
We use in when we are thinking about the building itself:

• The rooms in Judy's house are very small.
• I enjoyed the film but it was very cold in the cinema.
4. In and at for towns, etc.
We normally use in with cities, towns and villages:

• Tom's parents live in Nottingham.
• The Louvre is a famous art museum in Paris.
But you can use at or in when you think of the place as "a point or station
in a journey":
• Do you know if this train stops at (or in) Nottingham? (= at Nottingham station)
• We stopped at (or in) a small village on the way to London.
5. On a bus/in a car/ etc.
We usually say on a bus/on a train/on a plane/on a ship but in a car/in

a taxi:
• The bus was very full. There were too many people on it.
• George arrived in a taxi.
We say on a bicycle/on a motorcycle/on a horse:

• Mary passed me on her bicycle.
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6. Exercises
Exercise 7
sea – hospital – bed – the station – the cinema- the plane –
school – prison – the airport – the Sports Centre
1. My train arrives at 11.30. Can you meet me ……………………………………… ?
2. I didn't feel very well when I woke up, so I stayed ……………………………………… .
3. I think I'd like to see a film. What's on ……………………………………… this week?
4. Some people are ……………………………………… for crimes that they did not commit.
5. A: What does your sister do? Has she got a job?
B: No, she's still ……………………………………… .
Exercise 8
1. I didn't see you …………………… the party on Saturday. Where were you?
2. It was a very slow train. It stopped …………………… every station.
3. I don't know where my umbrella is. Perhaps I left it …………………… the bus.
4. Shall we travel …………………… your car or mine?
5. The exhibition …………………… the Museum of Modern Art finished on Saturday.
6. We stayed …………………… a very nice hotel when we were …………………… Amsterdam.
7. There were fifty rooms …………………… the hotel.
8. Tom is ill. He wasn't …………………… work today. He was …………………… home
…………………… bed.
9. I wasn't in when you phoned. I was …………………… my sister's house.
10. It's always too hot …………………… my sister's house. The heating is always on too
high.
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1. We say go/come/travel (etc.) to a place or event. For example:
go to America go to bed take (somebody) to hospital

return to Italy go to the bank come to my house
drive to the airport go to a concert be sent to prison
• When are your friends returning to Italy?

• After the accident three people were taken to hospital.
In the same way we say: on my way to… /a journey to… /a trip to…. /
welcome to… /etc:
• Welcome to our country!
Compare to (for movement) and in/at (for position):

• They are going to France. BUT They live in France.
• Can you come to the party? BUT I'll see you at the party.
2. Been to
We usually say I've been to a place:

• I've been to Italy four times but I've never been to Rome.
• Ann has never been to a football match in her life.
• Jack has got some money. He has just been to the bank.
3. Get and arrive
We say get to a place:

• What time did they get to London/get to work/get to the party?
But we say arrive in a country or town/city:

• When did they arrive in Britain/arrive in London?
For other places (buildings, etc.) or events, we say arrive at:

• What time did they arrive at the hotel/arrive at the party/arrive at work?
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4. Home
We do not say to home. We say go home/come home/get home/arrive

home/on the way home/etc. (no preposition):
• I'm tired. Let's go home.
• I met Caroline on my way home.
But we say be at home, stay at home, do something at home, etc.
5. Into
Go into, get into, etc. = enter (a room, a building, a car, etc.):

• She got into the car and drove away.
• A bird flew into the kitchen through the window.
We sometimes use in (instead of into):

• Don't wait outside. Come in the house. (or Come into the house.)
Note that we say enter a building/enter a room/etc.
The opposite of into is out of:

• She got out of the car and went into a shop.
Note that we usually say get on/off a bus/a train/a plane:

• She got on the bus and I never saw her again.
6. Exercises
Exercise 9
Put in to/at/in/into where necessary.
1. Three people were taken …………………… hospital after the accident.
2. I met Caroline on my way …………………… home.
3. We left our luggage …………………… the station and went to find something to eat.
4. Shall we take a taxi …………………… the station or shall we walk?
5. I must go …………………… the bank today to change some money.
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6. The river Rhine flows …………………… the North Sea.
7. I'm tired. As soon as I get …………………… home, I'm going …………………… bed.
8. "Have you got your camera?" "No, I left it …………………… home."
9. Marcel is French. He has just returned …………………… France after two years
…………………… Brazil.
10. Are you going …………………… Linda's party next week?
Exercise 10
Write sentences using got into/out of/on/off.
1. You were walking home. A friend passed you in her car. She saw you, stopped and
offered you a lift. She opened the door. What did you do?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You were waiting for the bus. At last your bus came. The doors opened. What
did you do?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. You drove home in your car. You arrived at your house and parked the car. What
did you do then?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. You were travelling by train to Manchester. When the train got to Manchester,
what did you do?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. You needed a taxi. After a few minutes a taxi stopped for you. You opened the
door. What did you do then?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1. On holiday etc.
(be/go) on holiday/on business/on a trip/on a tour/on a cruise/ etc:

• Tom's away at the moment. He's on holiday in France.
• Did you go to Germany on business or on holiday?
• One day I'd like to go on a world tour.
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Note that you can also say: go to a place for a holiday/for my holiday(s):
• Tom has gone to France for a holiday.
• Where are you going for your holidays next summer?
2. Other expressions with on
on television/on the radio:

• I didn't watch the news on television, but I heard it on the radio.
on the phone/telephone:
• You can't phone me. I'm not on the phone. (= I haven't got a phone.)
• I've never met her but I've spoken to her on the phone.
(be/go) on strike/on a diet:

• There are no trains today. The railway workers are on strike.
• I've put on a lot of weight. I'll have to go on a diet.
(be) on fire:
• Look! That car is on fire!
on the whole (= in general):

• Sometimes I have problems at work but on the whole I enjoy my job.
on purpose (= intentionally):
• I'm sorry. I didn't mean to annoy you. I didn't do it on purpose.
But: by mistake/by chance/by accident.
3. Expressions with in
in the rain/in the sun (= sunshine)/in the shade/in the dark/in bad
weather/etc:
• We sat in the shade. It was too hot to sit in the sun.
• Don't go out in the rain. Wait until it stops.
(write) in ink/in biro/in pencil:

• When you do the exam, you're not allowed to write in pencil.
Also: in words, in figures, in BLOCK LETTERS, etc.:

• Please fill in the form in block letters.
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(pay) in cash:
• I paid the bill in cash. BUT I paid by cheque/by credit card.
(be/fall) in love (with somebody):

• Have you ever been in love with anybody?
in (my) opinion:
• In my opinion, the film wasn't very good.
4. At the age of…, etc.
We say at the age of…, at a speed of… /at a temperature of… /etc.:
• Jill left school at 16. OR Jill left school at the age of 16.
• The train was travelling at 120 miles an hour. OR The train was travelling at a
speed of 120 miles an hour.
• Water boils at 100 degrees celsius.
5. Exercises
Exercise 11
Complete the sentences using on + one of the following:
business – strike – a tour – the whole – television –
fire – holiday – a diet – the phone - purpose
1. Look! That car is ……………………………………… ! Somebody call the fire brigade.
2. It's difficult to contact Sarah because she's not ……………………………………… .
3. Workers at the factory have gone ……………………………………… for better pay and
conditions.
4. Soon after we arrived, we were taken ……………………………………… of the city.
5. A: I'm going ……………………………………… next week.
B: Are you? Where are you going? Somewhere nice?
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Exercise 12
Put in the correct preposition: on, in, at, or for.
1. Water boils …………………… 100 degrees celsius.
2. When I was 14, I went …………………… a trip to France organised by my school.
3. I wouldn't like his job. He spends most of his time talking …………………… the
phone.
4. Julia's grandmother died recently …………………… the age of 79.
5. Can you turn the light on, please? I don't want to sit …………………… the dark.
6. We didn't go …………………… holiday last year. We stayed at home.
7. I'm going to Scotland …………………… a short holiday next month.
8. I won't be here next week. I'll be …………………… holiday.
9. He got married …………………… 17, which is rather young to get married.
10. There was an interesting programme …………………… the radio this morning.
1. We use by in many expressions to say how we do something. For

example, you can:
send something by post, do something by hand, pay by cheque/by credit

card (but pay in cash)
or something can happen by mistake/by accident/by chance (but do

something on purpose):
• Did you pay by cheque or in cash?
• We hadn't arranged to meet. We met by chance.
In these expressions we use by + noun without a or the. We say by

chance, by cheque, etc.
2. In the same way we use by to say how somebody travels:

by car/by train/by plane/by boat/by ship/by bus/by bicycle/etc.
by road/by rail/by air/by sea/by underground
• Liz usually goes to work by bus.
• Do you prefer to travel by air or by train?
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But we say on foot:

• Did you come here by car or on foot?
You cannot use by if you say my car/the train/a taxi/etc. We use by +

noun without a/the/my/etc. We say:
by car but in my car
by train but on the train
We use in for cars and taxis:

• They didn't come in their car. They came in a taxi.
We use on for bicycles and public transport (buses, trains, etc.):

• We travelled on the 6.45 train.
3. We say something is done by somebody/something:

• Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
• The programme was watched by millions of people.
Compare by and with:

• The door must have been opened with a key. (= somebody used a key to open it)
• The door must have been opened by somebody with a key.
We say a play by Shakespeare, a painting by Rembrandt, a novel by

Tolstoy, etc.
• Have you read any books by Agatha Christie?
4. By also means next to/beside:

• Come and sit by me. (= beside me)
• "Where's the light switch?" "By the door."
5. Note the following use of by:

• Clare's salary has just gone up from £1,000 a month to £1,100. So it has increased by
£100/by ten per cent.
• John and Roger had a race over 100 metres. Roger won by about five metres.
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6. Exercises
Exercise 13
Complete the sentences using by + one of the following:
chance – cheque – hand – mistake - satellite
1. We hadn't arranged to meet. We met ……………………………………… .
2. I didn't intend to take your umbrella. I took it ……………………………………… .
3. I didn't put the pullover in the washing machine. I washed it
……………………………………… .
4. If you haven't got any cash, you can pay ……………………………………… .
5. The two cities were connected ……………………………………… for a television
programme.
Exercise 14
Put in by, in, or on.
1. Liz usually goes to work …………………… bus.
2. I saw Jane this morning. She was …………………… the bus.
3. How did you get here? Did you come …………………… train?
4. How did you get here? Did you come …………………… the train?
5. I decided not to go …………………… car. I went …………………… my bike instead.
Exercise 15
Put in the correct preposition: by, in, on, or with.
1. Who is that man standing …………………… the window?
2. I managed to put the fire out …………………… a fire extinguisher.
3. The plane was badly damaged …………………… lightning.
4. These photographs were taken …………………… a friend of mine.
5. These photographs were taken …………………… a very good camera.
6. I don't mind going …………………… car but I don't want to go …………………… your car.
7. Shall we get a taxi or shall we go …………………… foot?
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8. What's that music? I know it's …………………… Beethoven but I can't remember
what it's called.
9. There was a small table …………………… the bed …………………… a lamp and a clock
…………………… it.
10. Our team lost the game because of a mistake …………………… one of our players.
Exercise 16
Complete the sentences using by.
1. My daily newspaper used to cost 50 pence. From today it costs 60 pence.
The price has gone up …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. There was an election. Helen got 25 votes and Norman got 23.
Helen won ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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36. Revision of the tenses

Exercise 1
Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense or verb form.
A (1) …………………………………………………… (you/know) Brian Bailey?
B Yes, I (2) …………………………………………………… (meet) him two years ago while I
(3) …………………………………………………… (work) in Germany.
(4) …………………………………………………… (he/still/live) there?
A Yes, he does. He (5) …………………………………………………… (live) in Frankfurt. He
(6) …………………………………………………… (have got) a good job there but at the moment
he (7) …………………………………………………… (work) in London. He’s here for a few days
and I’d like (8) …………………………………………………… (invite) him and you for dinner. Can
you (9) …………………………………………………… (come)?
B Yes, I hope so. I’d love (10) …………………………………………………… (see) Brian again! When
I was in Germany, we (11) …………………………………………………… (see) each other quite
often because his office was near the school where I
(12) …………………………………………………… (teach) and so we sometimes
(13) …………………………………………………… (have) lunch together. I always enjoyed
(14) …………………………………………………… (talk) to him. I wanted
(15) …………………………………………………… (write) to him but he moved and I
(16) …………………………………………………… (not/have) his new address.
A Well, what about dinner on Friday?
B That’s fine. What time?
A Is 8 o’clock OK? I (17) …………………………………………………… (ring) Brian yesterday to
check the day, and I (18) …………………………………………………… (ring) him again tomorrow
to check the time.
B Well, 8 o’clock is fine for me. I (19) …………………………………………………… (come) at about
8 and I (20) …………………………………………………… (bring) a bottle of wine.
A See you on Friday then!
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Exercise 2
Put the verb in brackets in the infinitive (with or without to) or -ing form.
John Frantz is American. He has a wonderful lifestyle and he wants
(1) …………………………………………………… (share) it with an English girl. He enjoys
(2) …………………………………………………… (go) on exotic holidays, but he wouldn’t like
(3) …………………………………………………… (live) outside the United States. He hopes
(4) …………………………………………………… (find) an English girlfriend through the Internet dating
agency, English rose. He’d like (5) …………………………………………………… (meet) someone who likes (6)
…………………………………………………… (travel) and (7) …………………………………………………… (cook) like him.
He’s thinking about (8) …………………………………………………… (get) married and he would love (9)
…………………………………………………… (have) two sons. He would (10) ……………………………………………………
(call) them Tom and Jeff.
Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with the correct auxiliary verb. Some are positive, some are negative.
1. What ……………………………………… you doing when the phone rang?
2. ……………………………………… you ever read any Ernest Hemingway?
3. I’m sorry. I can’t drive you to the station because my car ………………………………………
broken.
4. How long ……………………………………… she been studying English?
5. In France they say bon appétit. But in Britain people ……………………………………… usually
say anything before they start their meal.
6. ……………………………………… you go to work yesterday?
7. ……………………………………… you got a computer at home?
8. I ……………………………………… watch the film last night. Was it good?
9. ‘……………………………………… Janet never been abroad before?’ ‘No, it was her first
time.’
10. What ……………………………………… she studying last year?
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Exercise 4
Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense. When there is no verb, write one suitable word (a
preposition, an adverb,…).
Dear Julie,
I (1) …………………………………………………… (arrive) in England three days (2) …………………………………………….
I (3) …………………………………………………… (stay) with a family in a suburb of York. They’re really
nice. Mr Jones (4) …………………………………………………… (work) in York. Mrs Jones has just had a
baby, so she (5) …………………………………………………… (not/work) at the moment. I (6) …………………………
(not/ask) her what she does yet, but I (7) …………………………………………………… (think) she’s
(8) …………………………………………………… accountant.
I (9) …………………………………………………… (have) a good time here, (10) ……………………………………………………
everything is very expensive. Yesterday I (11) …………………………………………………… (take) the train
(12) …………………………………………………… York to do some sightseeing. Something really
embarrassing happened (13) …………………………………………………… I was there. After visiting the
Viking Museum, I (14) …………………………………………………… (decide) to do some shopping. Earlier in
the day, I (15) …………………………………………………… (see) a beautiful sweater in a department store,
so I (16) …………………………………………………… (go) back (17) ……………………………………… (buy) it. The shop
assistant (18) …………………………………………………… (put) it into a bag when I realized that I
(19) …………………………………………………… (forget) my purse with my credit cards! So, unfortunately,
I couldn’t buy (20) …………………………………………………… after all.
Anyway, after that I went to York Minster. I have never seen such a beautiful cathedral! It
was built between 1200 and 1470. In 1984 it (21) …………………………………………………… (be) struck by
lightning during a storm, and there was a terrible fire. But they’ve rebuilt it since then. While
I (22) …………………………………………………… (walk) back to the station, I (23) …………………………………………
(meet) Frank. Do you remember him? I haven’t heard from him (24) ……………………………………………
over a year. When we last (25) …………………………………………………… (see) him, he (26) …………………………
(work) in a bank. Now he (27) …………………………………………………… (study) English here at the same
school as me! What a coincidence! Last night we went to (28) ……………………………………………………
cinema together and saw a horror film. Frank was terrified, but I (29) ………………………………………
enjoyed it! That’s about all the news for now.
Write soon and tell me about your holiday in Portugal. What was Lisbon (30)
……………………………………………………?
Write back soon.
Love, Claudia
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Exercise 5
Present simple or continuous?
1. Some birds ……………………………………… (fly) to warm countries in the winter.
2. We never ……………………………………… (go) on holiday at Christmas.
3. Why ……………………………………… (she/do) the washing-up? Is it her turn?
4. Our cousins ……………………………………… (not/visit) us very often.
5. ……………………………………… (they/be) always late for meetings?
6. We ……………………………………… (study) very hard at the moment.
7. He ……………………………………… (work) for an international company so he
……………………………………… (travel) a lot in his job.
8. Next week she ……………………………………… (go) to Madrid on business.
9. I ……………………………………… (not/eat) lunch today.
Exercise 6
Past simple, past continuous or past perfect?
They had lived in the village for over three years but they (1) ………………………………………
(never/meet) the woman who (2) ……………………………………… (own) the house on the corner. A
larger tree (3) ……………………………………… (stand) outside the front door and the curtains
(4) ……………………………………… (be) always drawn. Nobody (5) ……………………………………… (know) much
about her – even the postman, who (6) ……………………………………… (seem) to know everything about
everyone! One day, though, when they (7) ……………………………………… (walk) past her house, they
(8) ……………………………………… (notice) that the front door (9) ……………………………………… (be) open and
so they (10) ……………………………………… (decide) to see if everything (11) ………………………………………
(be) OK. As they (12) ……………………………………… (walk) up the path, they (13) ……………………………………
(can) hear a noise. A woman (14) ……………………………………… (cry). They (15) ………………………………………
(go) inside and (16) ……………………………………… (find) the woman. She (17) ………………………………………
(lie) in the hallway. She (18) ……………………………………… (fall) ill and (19) ………………………………………
(manage) to open the door. She (20) ……………………………………… (be) very pleased to see them!
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37. Revisions
Exercise 1
Use the possessive case when necessary.
1. the top / the page
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. the birthday / my father
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. the newspaper / yesterday
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. the tail / the horse
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. the children / Don and Mary
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. the house / my parents
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2
Use the correct tense.
1. A: What …………………………………………………… (you / do)?
B: I …………………………………………………… (write) to my friend. I
…………………………………………………… (often / write) to him.
2. A: I …………………………………………………… (finish) my book last night. Can I borrow your
book?
B: Yes, I …………………………………………………… (just/finish) it.
3. Look! Jill …………………………………………………… (smoke) again. She
…………………………………………………… (smoke) at least 20 cigarettes a day!
4. Someone …………………………………………………… (break into) my car while I
…………………………………………………… (shop) yesterday.
5. I …………………………………………………… (never / play) golf. It looks so boring!
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6. He …………………………………………………… (be) very happy, if she had accepted to get
married with him.
7. I used to …………………………………………………… (live) abroad when I
…………………………………………………… (be) a child.
8. (In a pub) I …………………………………………………… (have) a glass of red wine.
9. If I had a lot of money, I …………………………………………………… (buy) a Rolls Royce.
10. I …………………………………………………… (live) in many different flats since I
…………………………………………………… (move) to London.
Exercise 3
Use the correct tense (-ing, infinitive with or without to).
1. I used …………………………………………………… (play) golf when I was living in LA.
2. Do you like …………………………………………………… (run) on the beach?
3. Jessie would like …………………………………………………… (be) a fireman later.
4. She hopes …………………………………………………… (get) her diploma this year.
5. Can you …………………………………………………… (open) the window, please?
6. I’m looking forward to …………………………………………………… (go) on holiday in July.
7. He has just finished …………………………………………………… (read) the newspaper.
8. They’re thinking of …………………………………………………… (hire) a new bookkeeper.
9. Have you already begun …………………………………………………… (watch) the DVD?
10. I want you …………………………………………………… (help) me!
Exercise 4
Complete with some/any/no/every or one of their compounds.
1. Can I have …………………………………………………… tea?

2. There was hardly …………………………………………………… sunshine yesterday.
3. There is …………………………………………………… wine left in this bottle.
4. A: Could you do …………………………………………………… for me?
B: You know I would do …………………………………………………… for you, my love.
5. …………………………………………………… is perfect.
6. I’ve lost my pen. It could be …………………………………………………….
7. Do you know …………………………………………………… who could help me?
8. …………………………………………………… needs …………………………………………………… to love.
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Exercise 5
For or since?
1. We haven’t heard from Ben ………………………… over a month.
2. I’m homesick – I haven’t been back to the US ………………………… last summer.
3. I lay down ………………………… twenty minutes. I had such a headache.
4. Have you seen Claire ………………………… yesterday? I can’t get hold of her.
5. I spoke to Tom ………………………… a few minutes.
6. They’ve been away ………………………… hours. What can they be doing?
Exercise 6
Ask the suitable question.
1. He’s been ill for a week.
2. I prefer tomato soup.
3. My cousin is a taxi-driver.
4. She used to play the guitar when she was young.
5. He was talking to Jane two minutes ago.
Exercise 7
Complete the following sentences with the suitable modal auxiliary: can/be able to/must/have
to/mustn’t/needn’t.
1. The buses were all full; I …………………………………………………… get a taxi.
2. This is a secret. You …………………………………………………… tell anybody.
3. We have a lot of time. We …………………………………………………… hurry.
4. This film is so great! You …………………………………………………… watch it.
5. He can’t play golf very well but he …………………………………………………… play quite well
when he was younger.
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Exercise 8
Use the right preposition.
1. It’s a sad movie: you cry ………………………… beginning ………………………… end.
2. A: When does the train leave?
B: ………………………… 2.30 pm.
3. My parents told me to be ………………………… home ………………………… midnight.
4. What is the largest desert ………………………… the world?
5. Which group ………………………… islands does Jamaica belong …………………………?
Exercise 9
Phrasal verbs: use the correct particle.
1. If you don’t know the meaning of a word, you have to look it ………………………… in a
dictionary.
2. What a terrible journey! We broke ………………………… twice on the way home.
3. Can you ask Mrs Wilson to call me ………………………… later?
4. Operator, I’ve just been cut …………………………. Can you transfer me again?
5. He’s just broken ………………………… with his girlfriend.
6. She found that looking ………………………… two young children on her own was not easy.
7. I have to pick the kids ………………………… from school this afternoon.
8. Maria was cheered ………………………… by a letter from her mother.
9. ‘Why has the car stopped?’ ‘It’s run ………………………… gas.’
10. I came ………………………… some old photographs at the back of a drawer.
11. I don’t believe you! You’ve made ………………………… the whole story.
12. You’ll have to speak …………………………, I’m afraid. Mr Newton is rather deaf.
13. Sue is looking ………………………… a job at the moment.
14. We have sorted ………………………… our problems and everything is fine now.
15. She still can’t walk properly – she keeps falling ………………………….
16. Don’t forget to fill ………………………… this form.
17. In the end he gave ………………………… trying to explain it all to me.
18. The brochure is very thorough – they haven’t left any details ………………………….
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19. When the bell rang, the students quickly put their books ………………………… in their
bags.
20. You’ll never find ………………………… my secret!
21. Are you looking ………………………… the wedding?
22. He didn’t go out as he was still getting ………………………… the flu.
23. They’ve decided to put ………………………… their wedding until March.
24. My alarm clock goes ………………………… every morning at seven.
25. What time do you get ………………………… at weekends?
26. He wants to be a firefighter when he grows ………………………….
27. Why don’t you take your coat …………………………?
28. She had a shower and put ………………………… a new T-shirt.
29. They claim they can slow ………………………… the ageing process.
30. Can you hold …………………………? I’ll see if Mr Jones is free to take your call.
Exercise 10
Use the correct future form.
1. Your bag seems to be heavy. I …………………………………………………… (carry) it for you.
2. A: What time …………………………………………………… (their train/leave) tomorrow?
B: It …………………………………………………… (leave) at half past six.
3. Look at those big clouds! It …………………………………………………… (rain).
4. I’m sure she …………………………………………………… (forget) to post my letter once again!
5. Are you sure that the film …………………………………………………… (begin) at 5.15 pm?
6. Tomorrow Sandy …………………………………………………… (meet) Paul for the first time.
7. After his last year at the CBCEC, Thomas …………………………………………………… (study) at
university.
8. Do you really think they …………………………………………………… (finally/get) married?
9. Pay attention! The box …………………………………………………… (fall).
10. I must remember that I …………………………………………………… (see) my dentist tomorrow.
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Exercise 11
Complete the following letter. Use present simple, present continuous, present perfect and past
simple.
Hi Jo,
Well, I ………………………………………… (arrive) back safely two weeks ago. The flight
………………………………………… (be) fine, but a bit long. I ………………………………………… (watch) two films
and ………………………………………… (eat) two breakfasts!
Thanks for everything. I ………………………………………… (have) a really good time with you in London.
I hope you ………………………………………… (enjoy) it too. Everything here is very different from
London. I ………………………………………… (write) this letter outside in the garden. I
………………………………………… (sit) under a big umbrella because the sun is very hot today. I know
we ………………………………………… (have) some sunny days in London, but I remember there
………………………………………… (be) also some rain.
It was difficult for me to start work after my wonderful holiday but it’s OK now. I
………………………………………… (be) in a new department since I ………………………………………… (come) home,
and it’s interesting. I ………………………………………… (have) a new manager now, and that’s good
because the old one ………………………………………… (be) horrible to me.
………………………………………… (you/like) rock music? My brother ………………………………………… (practise)
in his room at the moment and it’s quite loud! I ………………………………………… (just/send) you some
of his CDs. I hope you like them.
By the way, ………………………………………… (you/find) a black leather photo album? I think I
………………………………………… (leave) it in the bedroom. Could you send it to me sometime? No
hurry.
Jill ………………………………………… (sit) in the garden with me and she sends her love to you. Please
write or call soon, and thank you again for a wonderful time.
Love, Chris
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Exercise 12
A visitor is being shown around the factory Hartson’s jam by the manager. Complete what he says. Use
the present simple or present continuous passive.
The machines …………………………………………………… (switch on) at 7.30 every morning and they
…………………………………………………… (turn off) at 5.30. The factory ……………………………………………………
(lock) at 6.30 by our security guards and all the staff …………………………………………………… (check)
before they go home. We don’t want our jam to disappear! Now as you can see, strawberry
jam …………………………………………………… (make) here today. And over there the jars of jam
…………………………………………………… (put) into boxes by our team.
Hartson’s jam …………………………………………………… (not/export) because this country buys
everything we produce. It’s very important to keep our factory clean and hygienic, so
everything …………………………………………………… (wash) very carefully every night.
Of course nobody …………………………………………………… (allow) to smoke anywhere in the factory.
Now I think lunch …………………………………………………… (serve) in the canteen at the moment, so shall
we go?
Exercise 13
Put the verbs into the correct passive form.
1. I’ve collected all the documents that …………………………………………………… (need) for the
house sale. Can you take them to the lawyer’s office ……………………………………………………
(sign)?
2. Look, this is a secret. Come into the garden where we
…………………………………………………… (not/overhear).
3. If you hadn’t been so late for work, you …………………………………………………… (not/sack).
4. This office is very inefficient. The phone ……………………………………………………
(never/answer) promptly, no proper records …………………………………………………… (keep),
and, worst of all, no reports …………………………………………………… (write) since I started
work here.
5. I was so worried about my garden while I was in hospital, but I have very good
neighbours. When I got home, I could see that the vegetables …………………………………
(water) every day and the grass …………………………………………………… (cut) regularly.
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6. Can you come to the police station? The man who ……………………………………………………
(suspect) of stealing your wallet …………………………………………………… (arrest) and
…………………………………………………… (question) at the moment. The police hope he
…………………………………………………… (identify), either by you or another witness.
7. We had hoped to see several famous paintings, but the gallery
…………………………………………………… (reorganise) at the time of our visit and most of the
really valuable works …………………………………………………… (move) for safe keeping.
Exercise 14
There are mistakes in some of these sentences. Correct the sentences where necessary. Write OK if
the sentence is already correct.
1. When have Tim and Annie been to India?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I’m here since last year.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Maria has just written a book. It’s very good.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Sue’s an actress. She’s been a photographer five years ago.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. James and I have met last March.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The weather has been cold for many days.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. John is looking for a new job since last month.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Have you spoken to your parents last night?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I played the guitar since I was a child.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. What have you done last night?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 15
Which is right?
1. If I’m / I’ll be late this evening, don’t wait for me.
2. Will you write to me if I give / I’ll give you my address?
3. If there is / will be a fire, the alarm will ring.
4. If I don’t see you tomorrow morning, I phone / I’ll phone you in the evening.
5. I’m / I’ll be surprised if Martin and Julia get / will get married.
6. Do you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they’ll invite you?
Exercise 16
Write your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1. I’m going to the concert if ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. If you don’t hurry, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I don’t want to go swimming if ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. If you go to bed early tonight, ……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Turn the television off if ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Tina won’t pass her exams if ………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. If I have time tomorrow, ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. We can go to the beach tomorrow if …………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 17
Put the verb in the correct form.
1. If …………………………………………………… (he/have) the money, he would buy a fast car.
2. Jane likes living in a city. …………………………………………………… (she/not/be) happy if she
lived in the country.
3. If I wanted to learn Italian, …………………………………………………… (I/go) to Italy.
4. I haven’t told Ann what happened. She’d be angry if ……………………………………………………
(she/know).
5. If …………………………………………………… (we/have) a map, I could show you where I live.
6. What would you do if …………………………………………………… (you/win) a lot of money?
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7. It’s not a very good hotel. …………………………………………………… (I/not/stay) there if I
were you.
8. If …………………………………………………… (we/live) nearer London, we would go there more
often.
9. It’s a pity you have to go now. …………………………………………………… (it/be) nice if you had
more time.
10. I’m not going to take the job. I’d take it if …………………………………………………… (the
salary/be) better.
11. I don’t know anything about cars. If the car broke down,
…………………………………………………… (I/not/know) what to do.
12. If you could change one thing in the world, what ……………………………………………………
(you/change)?
Exercise 18
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb in the correct form.
we (have) a bigger house I (watch) it
we (buy) a bigger house every day (be) the same
we (have) some pictures on the wall the air (be) cleaner
it (be) a bit cheaper I (be) bored
1. I’d buy that jacket if ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. If there was a good film on TV tonight, ……………………………………………………………………………
3. This room would be nicer if …………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. If there wasn’t so much traffic, …………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Life would be boring if …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. If I had nothing to do, …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. We could invite all our friends to stay if …………………………………………………………………………
8. If we had more money, …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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38. A common language

Part 1 Vocabulary: Communicating
#1
Match 1-8 with replies a-h below to form pairs of exchanges from telephone calls, as in the example,
and then check with your teacher.
1. I don’t know the times of the trains. a. At last! I’ve been trying to get through to
you all day.
2. Would you like to leave a message? b. Have you tried looking it up in the phone
book?
3. I’m afraid I can’t hear you. It’s a really c. Hold on, I’ll see if she’s here today.
bad line.
4. Simon Green speaking. d. Yes. Could you ask him to call me back,
please?
5. I’d like to speak to Mr Moore on e. Don’t worry, I’ll ring up the station.
extension 868, please.
6. Can I speak to Julia, please? f. Thank you caller, I’m putting you through.
7. I’m sure he’s there. g. OK, I’ll hang up and try again.
8. I can’t find her number anywhere. h. So am I, but sometimes he won’t pick up
the phone.
1. E 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
#2
Match the underlined phrasal verbs in #1 a-h to definitions 1-8 below, as in the example.
1. to connect = to put someone through
2. to wait = ……………………………………………………………………
3. to answer = ……………………………………………………………………
4. to put the phone down / end the conversation = ……………………………………………………………………
5. to return a call = ……………………………………………………………………
6. to search for a word or number in a book = ……………………………………………………………………
7. to phone = ……………………………………………………………………
8. to make contact with = ……………………………………………………………………
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#3
Look at the pictures below.
1) What objects and ways of communicating can you identify?
2) Which ones do you use regularly?
1 3
2
6
4
5
7 9
8
#4
Underline or circle the correct alternative in italics, as in the example.
1. I’ll write the appointment in my agenda / diary.
2. We’d better fax / photocopy the form directly to them.
3. They’ve got a wonderful email / website, you really should visit it.
4. Mobile / portable phones aren’t permitted in this restaurant.
5. My computer monitor / notebook is so light that I take it everywhere.
6. I’ll email / voice-mail the details to her straight away.
7. I’d like this memo / screen to be circulated to all departments.
8. We use a motorcycle courier / mail service for delivering important documents to
clients.
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Part 2 Listening: Nowhere to hide
Listen to three people talking about using English and complete the table.
A Danuta B Jorma C Jean-Luc
1. Where are they

from?
2. What do they
do?
3. What do they
use English for?
4. Who do they
speak to?
What would you say if someone asked you why you are learning English?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Part 3 Reading: A working knowledge
Trying to export potatoes to the land of pasta would seem crazy to some people, yet one small
company was successful after it had taught its staff to speak foreign languages.
A&C Exports has seen its annual export sales rise by 40% since it improved its foreign language
skills. When the company first targeted Italy it used an interpreter, but this was very
frustrating. A middleman, however fluent, can’t hope to establish relationships in the way a
committed member of the company can. A&C also takes great care to respond to the cultural
requirements of its customers, for example by choosing the right colour for packaging. This
approach has doubled sales to Germany.
Karen Burdett, a language specialist who joined A&C eighteen months ago, is the key to the
firm’s export success. When Burdett was appointed she spoke Spanish and French fluently, but
her knowledge of Italian was limited. In the four weeks before she took up her new post, she
set about improving it. She listened to Italian while she was driving, cooking, dusting, and
sleeping. She watched Italian videos. She read newspapers, magazines, pizza packets, shampoo
bottles, and jars of pasta sauce.
Her reward came with her first phone call to Italy. ‘I explained that I was learning their
language, and asked our clients to be patient with me if I made mistakes. Far from being
critical, they were delighted, and from then on a strong relationship was established,’ she says.
Burdett is teaching Spanish to senior staff, and she says she’s going to have a working
knowledge of German by Christmas. More importantly, staff at all levels can now handle simple
telephone enquiries in French, Spanish, and Italian. Now they are all quite confident that export
sales will continue to rise.
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#1
Read the article about A&C Exports, a small company which has done well as a result of improving its
language skills. Decide if these sentences are true or false. If the sentences are false, correct them.
Statement True False Correct answer

1.
A&C managed to sell potatoes to
Italy.
2.
A&C weren’t happy with using an
interpreter.
3.
A&C think that cultural differences
are unimportant.
4.
One person was at the centre of the
changes.
5.
Karen was already a fluent Italian
speaker.
6.
Burdett knows how to maximize her
language learning.
7.
Customers laughed when she first
tried to communicate in Italian.
8.
Burdett’s work has affected staff
at all levels in the company.
171
#2
1) List the ways that Karen Burdett used to improve her Italian.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) In groups, list ways that you could use to improve your English.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3) Now that you are ready, compare your list with the one below. Tick () the suggestions that
you think are practical. Put a cross () by the ones you think are impossible or impractical.
- Subscribe to a magazine like Time, Business Week, or The Economist. 

- Listen to the BBC World Service. Watch CNN or Sky news on satellite TV. 
- Listen to British and American pop music. 
- Buy a grammar exercise book. 
- Go to the cinema to see films in the original language. 
- Make friends with foreign visitors and tourists. 
- Join an English library. 
- Get a good monolingual dictionary (with explanations in English). 
- Find a pen friend. 
- Make contact on the Internet. 
172
39. Work to live, live to work

Part 1 Vocabulary: The world of work
#1
Complete the sentences by rearranging the letters in CAPITALS to form a word to do with work, as in
the example.
1. They’ve sent me an …………………………………………………… form. PLITACAIOPN
2. They want two written ……………………………………………………; they suggest an employer and
a teacher. EFEERRNCES
3. Well, they’ve invited me for an …………………………………………………… next week. Can I
borrow your suit? ITEWRVNIE
4. His academic …………………………………………………… are good but he doesn’t have any
previous …………………………………………………… UALIIOFQCATISN / PEEERINCEX
5. Employers are interested in practical …………………………………………………… like word-
processing and fluency in languages. SLKLSI
6. The job offers a …………………………………………………… of £25,000 a year. SARAYL
7. Officially, she works thirty-five hours a week but sometimes with
…………………………………………………… she does as many as fifty. VEOTIMRE
8. In Britain, the normal working week for ……………………………………………………-time
employees is anything up to eighteen hours a week, while people working
……………………………………………………-time do around thirty-eight hours. PATR / LULF
9. Nowadays many designers or information technology workers are
……………………………………………………; in other words they sell their work or services to
different organizations. ERLENAEFC
10. Now she works from home, she doesn’t have to …………………………………………………… by
train to and from London every day. CMMOTUE
173
#2
Complete sentences 1-6 with endings a-f below.
1. We generally take on extra staff … ……………
2. She turned down the job offer … ……………
3. Should I fill in this form … ……………
4. Don’t forget to put down … ……………
5. They are laying off 300 workers … ……………
6. She has set up her own … ……………
a. … the names of two referees.
b. … because there aren’t enough orders.
c. … because it involved working shifts.
d. … import-export business.
e. … by hand or should it be typed?
f. … at Christmas when it’s busy.
#3
Match the phrasal verbs in italics in 2 above with the definitions below.
1. to include / to write down = ……………………………………………………………………
2. to complete = ……………………………………………………………………
3. to establish / to begin = ……………………………………………………………………
4. to dismiss / to make redundant = ……………………………………………………………………
5. to employ = ……………………………………………………………………
6. to refuse = ……………………………………………………………………
174
Part 2 Listening: Changing attitudes
Two people are talking about the results of a survey into young people’s attitudes towards
work.
#1
Listen to part A. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.

a.
2,500 people were questioned.
b.
They were under twenty-five.
c.
More young people are working in
traditional jobs.
d.
There are fewer secure jobs now.
#2
Listen to part B and answer the following questions in English.
1. What are young people doing instead of going into traditional employment?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What kinds of business are they going into?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
175
3. What effects are changing attitudes among young people having upon established
companies?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
#3
Discuss the following question in small pairs.
In your opinion, what are the advantages and disadvantages of being self-employed?
Advantages
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Disadvantages
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
176
Part 3 Reading: The price of success
26-year old Trish Crofts, a media buyer with the advertising agency Ogilvy and Mather, is
typical of the young professionals who feel that their work is depriving them of a real life. She
starts work at 9 a.m. but often doesn’t leave her office until 8 p.m. Occasionally she is at work
until 10 p.m.
‘In my company when people leave they are not replaced and everybody is expected to work
extra hard,’ she said. Ms Crofts enjoys her work but feels stressed all the time. She said: ‘My
hair is already going grey.’ As her partner, Graham Dodridge, frequently does not arrive home
until late either, the couple often do not have their meal until after 10 p.m.
Ms Crofts would be prepared to accept a cut in pay if it would guarantee a genuine reduction
in her workload, but she believes her promotion prospects would suffer. ‘You have to sacrifice
your personal life if you want career advancement,’ she said.
Martina Khan, aged 23, set up an IT consultancy in Manchester two years ago, directly after
she graduated. Her parents and brother are self-employed so she drew on their advice and
experience. It was an immediate success as many large organizations choose to buy in freelance
contractors rather than employ their own staff full-time. She has even taken on seven other
IT specialists, some of whom are much older.
She has to work very long hours and weekends. However now that the business is more
established she has a bit more free time than before. Her relationship with her boyfriend
ended, but she admits she wanted the business to succeed more than her relationship. She is
still young and says she has plenty of time to find a partner and have children. She has no
regrets and even refuses to complain about not having a holiday for two years.
177
#1
Read the text about Trish Crofts and the other text about Martina Khan. Complete the following chart.
A Trish Crofts B Martina Kahn
a. What does she do?
b. How does she feel about
working hard?
c. Is work getting easier or
more difficult?
d. What kind of sacrifices
has she made?
178
40. Transitions
Part 1 Vocabulary: Employment
#1
Look at the adjectives in the box below and divide them into those that describe people and those that
describe jobs. Which adjectives can describe both?
 ambitious  reliable  creative
 challenging  dynamic  worthwhile
 stressful  patient  enthusiastic
 secure  confident  boring
 trustworthy  flexible  conscientious
Jobs People Both
179
#2
What kind of person do you think the following people would need to be?
a) a business person:
b) a politician:
c) a computer games designer:
d) a babysitter:
#3
Look at these words based around employ and complete the sentences using each word just once.
 employer  unemployed  employment
 employee  unemployable  unemployment
 employed
a. He is dishonest, lazy, and stupid – he’s completely …………………………………………………….
b. People are worried about the rise in …………………………………………………….
c. She has been …………………………………………………… ever since she finished her studies;
she just can’t find a job.
d. Beatrice won the …………………………………………………… of the month prize three times last
year.
e. The company is a model …………………………………………………… and takes good care of the
people …………………………………………………… in its factories.
f. The new factory has provided opportunities of …………………………………………………… for
local people.
180
Part 2 Reading: Paradise lost?
In common with other western economies, Britain has suffered the pain of ‘de-
industrialization’. In particular, heavy industry – the backbone of the economy
ever since the industrial revolution – has been declining for decades. Since the
mid 1970s many traditional jobs have disappeared or else have been
transformed. Thousands of manufacturers have gone out of business.
The damage to Britain’s industrial heartland makes depressing reading.
Compared with half a century ago, only a handful of heavy engineering firms have
survived. When the steel industry died, the proud city of Sheffield was brought
to its knees. More than 10,000 jobs were lost there in the eight years between
1986 and 1994. When North Sea oil and gas were discovered it seemed the
answer to the country’s energy needs. Yet it also signalled the end of traditional
coal mining. 140 coal mines closed between 1984 and 1986. In the new millennium,
British coal mining is practically extinct.
People used to progress naturally from school to factory and, after fifty years
in the same firm, retirement. A job for life has become a thing of the past. Long-
term unemployment waits for those whose skills are outdated. On the other
hand, people who have retrained or who have more flexible skills have been able
to find positions in new high-tech industries or services. There are regional
success stories too; the once sleepy university town of Cambridge has
miraculously transformed itself into a centre for the computer industry –
Britain’s answer to Silicon Valley.
181
#1
Read the text about changes in Britain’s economic activities. Decide if these sentences are true or false.
If the sentences are false, correct them.

1.
Britain’s experiences are unique.
2.
There is less heavy industry in
Britain today than in 1970.
3.
There are hardly any heavy
engineering firms left.
4. North Sea oil and gas have had both
positive and negative effects on
Britain’s economy.
5.
Sheffield depended heavily on the
steel industry.
6.
Lifetime employment is still
common.
7. Some people have found jobs in
areas such as banking and
telecommunications.
8.
Cambridge is important for the
computer industry.
182
#2
Search the text for images based around parts of the human body. Which one means:
a) the essential support? ……………………………………………………………………………
b) a very small number? ……………………………………………………………………………
c) a different argument? ……………………………………………………………………………
d) the centre? ……………………………………………………………………………
e) to be broken; reduced in power and pride? ……………………………………………………………………………
#3
Find words which mean:
1) ten years: ……………………………………………………………………………
2) fifty years: ……………………………………………………………………………
3) a thousand years: ……………………………………………………………………………
183
Part 3 Listening: Interview at an agency

You are going to listen to an unemployed man talking to an adviser in an employment agency.
T.3.3
#1
Complete the adviser’s questions.
a. How long …………………………………………………… (you/be) out of work?
b. What exactly …………………………………………………… (you/do) before?
c. How long …………………………………………………… (you/work) there?
d. What …………………………………………………… (you/do) before that?
e. What …………………………………………………… (you/do) since ……………………………………………………
(you/lose) your job?
f. How many jobs …………………………………………………… (you/apply) for?
g. …………………………………………………… (you/ever/think) about working in a call centre?
#2
What are Greg’s answers to the questions above?
a. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
g. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
184
41. Company culture

Part 1 Vocabulary: Organizations and roles
#1
Look at these words based around manager and organize. Then complete the sentences a-g using each
word once only.
 manager  organize
 managing  organization
 management  organizational
 managerial
a. Can you learn how to be a ……………………………………………………, or are you born one?
b. The company became a world-wide …………………………………………………… in just twenty
years.
c. In Britain the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is called the
…………………………………………………… director.
d. An …………………………………………………… chart shows the structure of the entire
company.
e. The firm went bankrupt because of bad …………………………………………………….
f. I’d like you to …………………………………………………… those files in alphabetical order,
please.
g. It was the most difficult …………………………………………………… decision she had ever had
to make.
185
#2
Look at the department names in the box below. Then read the sentences and decide which of these
departments each speaker works in.
 Production  Human Resources/Personnel

 Finance  R&D
 Sales and Marketing (= Research and Development)
a. ‘Well, we deal with the workforce needs of the firm: selection and recruitment of
staff, pay, training, and so on.’ ……………………………………………………
b. ‘We listen to customers and identify their needs. We’re responsible for
establishing sales plans and targets for the different sales forces. We also deal
with advertising.’ ……………………………………………………
c. ‘We work on new products and improve old ones. We have to keep up to date with
what is going on in the outside world and have close contact with Marketing and
Production.’ ……………………………………………………
d. ‘We’re responsible for the manufacturing of our products and for trying to find
ways of improving quality. We deal with suppliers and make sure that we have
enough components in stock.’ ……………………………………………………
e. ‘Our department is concerned with the day-to-day running of the money side of
the company. We have to estimate costs and prices, deal with the accounts, and
produce budgets and cash flow forecasts.’ ……………………………………………………
#3
Which divisions would you expect the following people to work in?
a. assembly-line worker  …………………………………………………….
b. graduate trainee  ……………………………………………………
c. accounts clerk  ……………………………………………………
d. sales executive  ……………………………………………………
e. office supervisor  ……………………………………………………
f. scientist  ……………………………………………………
g. personnel officer  ……………………………………………………
h. foreman  ……………………………………………………
186
#4
Complete the sentences using the prepositions in the box below.
in for with to of
1. The foreman is ………………………… charge ………………………… the workers in his section.
2. The production manager reports ………………………… the managing director. She is
responsible ………………………… the smooth running of production.
3. Janet works ………………………… computers. She deals ………………………… customer
support.
4. The personnel officer is reporting ………………………… the managing director.
Part 2 Reading: A survival guide?
#1
Semco is a company which is run by Ricardo Semler and is famous for its unusual management
structure. Semco gives its new employees a survival manual. Read this extract from the manual and
match headings 1-6 to the gaps a-f.
1. Working environment
2. Authority
3. Hiring
4. Clothing and appearance
5. Working hours
6. Participation
187
a. ……………………………………………………
Our philosophy is built on participation and involvement. Don’t settle down. Give opinions, seek
opportunities and advancement, always say what you think. Don’t be just one more person in the
company. Your opinion is always interesting, even if no one asked you for it. Get in touch with
your factory committees, and participate in elections. Make your voice count.
b. ……………………………………………………
Before people are hired or promoted, the others in that unit have the opportunity to interview
and evaluate the candidates.
c. ……………………………………………………
Semco has flexible working hours, and the responsibility for setting and keeping track of them
rests with each employee. People work at different speeds and differ in their performance
depending on the time of day. Semco does its best to adapt to each person’s desires and needs.
d. ……………………………………………………
We want all our people to feel free to change and adapt their working area as they please.
Painting walls or machines, adding plants, or decorating the space around you is up to you. The
company has no rules about this, and doesn’t want to have any. Change the area around you,
according to your tastes and desires and those of the people who work with you.
e. ……………………………………………………
Neither has any importance at Semco. A person’s appearance is not a factor in hiring or
promotion. Everyone knows what he or she likes or needs to wear. Feel at ease – wear just your
common sense.
f. ……………………………………………………
Many positions at Semco carry with them hierarchical authority. But efforts to pressure
subordinates or cause them to work out of fear or insecurity, or behaviour that shows any sign
of disrespect, are considered an unacceptable use of authority and will not be tolerated.
188
#2
Find the words and expressions in the text which means the following:
1. movement ahead = ……………………………………………………
2. groups which represent the interests of the workers = …………………………………………………
3. employed = ……………………………………………………
4. to assess or judge = ……………………………………………………
5. loose and easily changed working hours = ……………………………………………………
6. your choice/decision = ……………………………………………………
7. following = ……………………………………………………
8. practical good sense = ……………………………………………………
9. the power a job gives its holder = ……………………………………………………
10. the people that a manager is in charge of = ……………………………………………………
Part 3 Listening: Sorting out a problem
You are going to listen to two conversations about a personnel problem.
#1
Before you listen, match the phrasal verbs in the box to a-d below.
to get on with (sby) to talk (sth) through
to sort (sth) out to take over from (sby)
a. to replace = ……………………………………………………
b. to find a solution = ……………………………………………………
c. to discuss = ……………………………………………………
d. to have a satisfactory relationship = ……………………………………………………
189
#2
T4.3 Listen to part A, a conversation between Lorraine and a colleague, and answer the following
questions.
a. What is Lorraine’s problem?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. What advice does Lorraine’s colleague give her?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
#3
T4.3 Listen to part B, a conversation between Gina and the Personnel Manager, and answer the following
questions.
a. What is Gina’s problem?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. What advice does the Personnel Manager give her?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
190
42. Free to trade

Part 1 Vocabulary: Trade
#1
Complete the sentences with the anagrams in brackets by putting the letters in the correct order.
1. Do you agree with …………………………………………………… / ……………………………………………………?
(EFER / RDTAE)
2. The government has introduced new regulations on the
…………………………………………………… of beef. (IPTMOORNTAI)
3. They expect free access to our market, but use …………………………………………………… to
guard their own! (RMCOTETSPIONI)
4. Their …………………………………………………… is terrible; just look at all these forms and
paperwork. (BRUCEAYURAC)
5. We could introduce …………………………………………………… to limit the number of cars we
buy from abroad. (AUQOTS)
6. Fixing high …………………………………………………… would make them less attractive to
potential customers. (RTFAISF)
7. Just because their products are cheap doesn’t mean that they are
…………………………………………………… goods on the market. (PUMDGIN)
8. Too many …………………………………………………… are bad for the balance of trade.
(TIPMOSR)
9. The explorers …………………………………………………… jewellery and guns for gold and ivory.
(ABRERDET)
10. The …………………………………………………… market is also known as the home market.
(OECMSIDT)
191
#2
Complete this text about free trade by completing sentences 1-6 with a-f below.
1. Free trade exists when goods can be sold freely and flow between countries …
2. Protectionism is where countries try to protect home producers …
3. One way they do this is by using tariffs …
4. Another way is by using quotas which limit …
5. Domestic manufacturers often complain that foreign competitors …
6. Exporters, on the other hand, often complain about …
a. … from foreign competition and cheap imports.
b. … complicated bureaucracy and complex customs regulations.
c. … without restrictions.
d. … the number or quantity of goods that can be imported.
e. … which are a kind of tax on imported goods.
f. … try to destroy them by dumping their goods at very low prices.
#3
Complete these sentences with the words in italics from #2.
1. This …………………………………………………… is awful; just look at all these forms we’ve got
to fill in.
2. Government …………………………………………………… limit the import of luxury cars to just
200 each year.
3. We can’t compete with their prices; they must be ……………………………………………………
their goods to put us out of business.
4. These new import …………………………………………………… make our products fifty per cent
more expensive than before.
5. …………………………………………………… is a very good idea in principle, but in practice we
need …………………………………………………… to help domestic manufacturers to survive.
192
Part 2 Reading: Simply bananas
#1
What do you know about bananas? Decide if a-e are true (T) or false (F).
a. Bananas are very fattening. 
b. The first bananas came from Central America. 
c. The word banana is of Portuguese origin. 
d. Bananas ripen naturally on the sea voyage. 
e. Bananas have to be picked while they are green. 
#2
Read the text below and check your answers. Label also the pictures to describe the different parts
of the process, as in the example.
Nowadays we take bananas for granted, but a hundred years ago few Europeans had seen
a banana, let alone tasted one. They are a favourite in packed lunches and a healthy
snack, which contains just 90 calories. Yet how many of us are aware of what’s involved
in producing and transporting this delicate fruit?
Bananas originated in Southeast Asia; later on, roots were transported to Africa by Arab
traders. (Banana comes from the Arabic word for finger.) In the sixteenth century
missionaries introduced it to the Caribbean. Bananas can only grow in tropical climates
fifteen degrees north and south of the Equator, giving countries in this belt an ideal
comparative advantage. It took big companies, like Chiquita, to bring bananas to a wider
public.
A plant weighing forty-five kilograms produces around 120 pieces of fruit. Freshly cut
bunches of green bananas travel to the packing station by overhead cable, where they are
washed in cold water and packed in cartons. They are loaded on pallets and the cargo is
placed in the holds of refrigerated ships at 13.6°C which puts them ‘to sleep’. It can take
several days to reach this ideal temperature. At their destination they are transported to
ripening rooms where a little ethylene gas brings them to market condition; customers
prefer bananas with green tips and necks. Container trucks take them to retail outlets.
193
1. picking
2. ………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………
194
#3
Read the WTO and the Banana War. Answer the following questions.
1. What was the cause of the disagreement between the USA and the EU?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How did the USA punish the EU for refusing to accept the decision of the WTO?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What is the future likely to be for West Indian producers? Why?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The WTO
The World Trade Organization was established in 1995. It is a Geneva-based organization
that aims to ensure that global trade flows as smoothly and freely as possible. One of its
functions is to settle trade disputes. Member countries agree to reduce the trade barriers
between them in a series of trade negotiations, known as ‘rounds’. These rounds (for
example, the Uruguay Round) have made trade freer.
195
The Banana War

It is perhaps strange that a fruit should be at the centre of what was almost a trade war
between the USA and the European Union. France and Britain wanted to protect the
interests of banana producers in their ex-colonies, especially in the West Indies, against US
companies operating out of Central America. The USA claimed that this was against the
rules of international competition and free trade. The WTO decided in favour of the USA
but the Europeans refused to recognize the decision. It was only following a second WTO
judgement against the EU, and the USA’s imposition of huge tariffs on unrelated goods,
that they finally agreed to obey the decision. It remains to be seen how well banana
growers in the West Indies can survive such as Central American countries have a
comparative advantage in climate, land, and labour costs.
Part 3 Listening: The benefits of free trade
T5.2 You are going to hear an economist talking about free trade.
#1
Look at the list and tick () the items that are mentioned in support of free trade while listening to
part A.
Free trade …
❑ a. … allows people to export their goods.
❑ b. … stimulates competition.
❑ c. … allows companies to grow.
❑ d. … promotes world peace and understanding.
❑ e. … encourages travel.
❑ f. … keeps prices down.
❑ g. … creates wealth.
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#2
Read about comparative advantage then listen to part B and make notes.
Comparative advantage
An economic theory which claims that all countries will be better off if each concentrates on doing the
things it does best. For example, a country that produces cotton and cotton textiles efficiently and
cheaply should concentrate on this.
a. What two examples of comparative advantage are given?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. How can countries without clear or natural comparative advantages succeed?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What country is a good example of this?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
#3
Listen to part C and complete this summary about protectionism.
Protectionism is justified for developing countries when they want to start
(a) …………………………………………………… . This helps them become less dependent on
(b) …………………………………………………… and this is good for the country’s
(c) …………………………………………………… . Protectionism is even justified for developed countries
when they have problems with (d) ……………………………………………………, for example, when aggressive
competitors (e) …………………………………………………… . The competitor doesn’t make (f)
…………………………………………………… but it (g) …………………………………………………… .
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43. The art of persuasion

Part 1 Listening: Battle of the sexes
#1
T12.3 You’re going to hear a lecturer in advertising being interviewed about how men and women are
portrayed in advertising.
Listen to part A and decide if these statements are true (T) or false (F).
a. Humour is a new feature in advertising. _____
b. They believe advert A was meant to be taken seriously. _____
c. We would not see this kind of advertisement today. _____
d. Male copywriters understand how most women think. _____
e. Tired is the adjective that women most frequently use to describe themselves.
_____
#2
T12.3 Listen to part B and tick (✓) the right answer.
1. The Volkswagen advertisement made many men feel …

 jealous.
 angry.
 amused.
2. The ‘useless’ male stereotype developed because …
 most men hate housework.
 more men are involved with housework.
 fewer men are living alone.
3. The lecturer thinks that adverts like B …
 punish men for treating women badly in the past.
 are better than ads with women in them.
 show men as they really are.
4. She hopes that ads in the future …
 will be kinder to men.
 will show men doing the things usually done by women.
 will be less sexist towards both women and men.
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Part 2 Reading: Whoops!
#1
Read the text about some promotional offers that went wrong.
Whoops!
McDonald’s made a classic sales promotion blunder with its heavily advertised 25th anniversary
offer. The company expected to sell one million burgers a day when it offered two Big Macs
for the price of one. Demand was so great that customers had to queue for more than one hour.
Two drive-through restaurants, where too many cars turned up, were closed on police advice.
Certainly McDonald’s is not going to suffer any long-term damage – unlike the company which
led the most disastrous sales promotion of them all: Hoover. Although it is hard to believe,
Hoover offered two free flights to the US, which were worth £400, to customers who spent
over £100 on its products. Hoover should have realized that this was a recipe for disaster!
Over 300,000 people claimed free flights and there were numerous court cases. Overall the
promotion cost £50m and the heads of Hoover’s top executives, whose jobs were lost.
Last year, as a gimmick, Pepsi jokingly offered a military jet to any customer who could save
enough tokens. However, extra tokens were available for ten cents each. They hadn’t counted
on a sharp-eyed student, who worked out he could buy the jet for £450,000, which was a tenth
of its real price. He formed a consortium (= a group of people doing business together) which
bought the tokens and he claimed his prize. At this point Pepsi went to court. Clearly, Pepsi
shouldn’t have indulged its sense of humour.
In fact Pepsi ought to have known better after a previous fiasco. In the Philippines in 1993, it
announced that anyone who found Pepsi bottles tops with the number 349 could claim a
£30,000 prize. A mess-up in production meant there were 800,000 bottle tops which had the
winning number and Pepsi paid out more than five times its budget before it stopped paying out
prize money. This angered the public, who set fire to the company’s offices and lorries.
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#2
Complete the chart with the relevant information.
What the customer What the company

Company What went wrong
had to do offered
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#3
Make questions for these answers.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For more than an hour.
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
£100.
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
£50 million.
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
300,000.
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
£4.5 million.
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
349.
7. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
800,000.
#4
Underline words or expressions in the text which are similar in meaning to 'mistake'.
#5
Do you know any similar stories?
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202
203
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44. Job interview

Listen to Nancy Mann being interviewed for a job. Write down as many pieces of information
as you can.
Part 1
Part 2
205
45. Trade fairs

1) Vocabulary
206
2) Listen to the CD and answer the following questions.
1. When does the 2007 International Catering Equipment Fair finish?
2. Is the enquirer an exhibitor or a visitor?
3. True or false? There is a 5m² stand on the corner of aisle B.
4. True or false? You have to bring your own storage cabinet because there is none
in the stand.
5. Who builds the stands?
6. How much does it cost? Does the price include the VAT?
7. True or false? The exhibitors are listed in the main directory together with a 15-
word profile of their company.
207
8. How many visitors were there last year?
9. What sort of publicity have they organized for the fair (2 / answers).
1)
2)
10. Who is sponsoring a programme of seminars?
11. What is the exhibitor's fax number?
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46. How do you see your future?

You are going to listen to 6 people talking about the future.
Answer the following questions in English. Give as many details as possible.
#1 Katrina
1. What is Katrina going to study?
2. Where is she going to study?
3. How long does her course last?
#2 Mickey
4. What day is it tomorrow?
5. What is Mickey doing tomorrow?
6. Who is he doing that with?
7. What time does it start?
8. What is he going to do before that?
#3 Tony
9. Why are Tony and Marie excited?
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10. When is it due?
11. What is their favourite male first name?
#4 Elsie
12. What day is it tomorrow?
13. What is Elsie doing tomorrow?
14. What will they do together?
#5 Janine
15. Why is Janine packing?
16. What is she going to do there?
17. What time does her plane leave?
18. How's she getting to the airport?
19. Does she have much luggage?
#6 Gavin
20. What are Gavin's ambitions? (3 )
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47. Alan talking about London

Alan is American but he lives in London. He is being interviewed and gives us his opinion about
different aspects of the London life.
Listen to the CD and answer the following questions.
1. How long has he lived in London?
2. What is his job?
3. How long will he stay there?
What are, according to Alan, the positive and negative sides of London?
4. What does he hate?
5. What does he like?
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6. What's the best for him?
7. What does he think of Londoners?
8. What does he think about their free time?
9. What does he think of the way London has changed?
10. What does he think of English food?
11. What does he think about South London?
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48. Happy Xmas (war is over)

Listen to the song and complete the lyrics. 
So this is Christmas And so this is Christmas
And what have you ……………………………………… And what have we ………………………………………
Another year over Another year over
And a new one just ………………………………………… And a new one just ………………………………………
And so this is Christmas 
I hope you have fun And so happy Christmas
The near and the ……………………………………… one We hope you have fun
The old and the young The near and the ……………………………………… one
 The old and the young
A very merry Christmas
And a happy New Year 
……………………………………… hope it's a good one A very ………………… Christmas
Without any ……………………………………… And a happy New Year
 ……………………………………… hope it's a good one
And so this is Christmas Without any ………………………………………
For ……………………………………… and for strong 
For rich and the poor ……………………………………… War is ………………………………………
The world is so wrong If you ……………………………………… it
 War is over
And so happy Christmas Now...
For black and for white
For ……………………………………… and red ones 
Let's stop all the ………………………………………

A very ……………………………………… Christmas
And a happy New Year
……………………………………… hope it's a good one
Without any ………………………………………

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49. An important appointment

1) Vocabulary
prendre rendez-vous to ____________ an appointment
C’est à quel sujet? Can I ask what it’s ____________?
directeur général managing director
entreprise company
logiciel pour la sécurité des infos data protection ____________
carte de visite business card
fixer to arrange
Ne quittez pas SVP. Je vais consulter son Can you hold please? I’ll check his
agenda. ____________.
Il est libre le 10. Cela vous conviendrait-il? He is free on the 10th. Would that be
suitable?
être en déplacement pour affaires to be away on business
C’est noté dans son agenda. It’s in his diary.
lui-même ____________
Monsieur X à l’appareil. It’s Mr X here.
annuler to cancel
Il a eu un empêchement. Something has come ____________.
Changeons la date pour le 17. Let’s rearrange for the 17th.
Nous nous réjouissons de vous voir à cette We look forward to ____________ you
date. then.
Quand cela vous conviendrait-il que je When would be a ____________ time to
vienne vous voir? come and see you?
Pouvons-nous remettre notre rendez-vous Can we put ____________ our meeting
au mois prochain? until next month?
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Cela m’irait tout à fait. That would ____________ me fine.
Est-ce que vous savez où je pourrais le Do you know where I could contact him?
joindre?
Où proposez-vous que nous nous Where do you suggest we meet?
rencontrions?
M. Brown serait-il libre le 10 mars au lieu Would Mr Brown be free on the 10th of
du 12? March ____________ ____________
the 12th?
Ce serait plus facile pour moi si… It would be easier for me if…
Je regrette, mais finalement je ne vais I’m afraid Monday will not be possible
pas pouvoir lundi. after all.
Je vous verrai donc le 5. I look forward to meeting you on the 5th.
Je vous appelle pour vous confirmer mon I’m calling to confirm my appointment with
rendez-vous avec M. Jones. Mr Jones.
Je suis désolé mais je ne pourrai pas me I’m sorry but I won’t be able to keep our
rendre à notre rendez-vous. appointment.
2) Listen to the CD and answer the following questions.
1. Is Mark Battles phoning John Price or is it the contrary?
2. Where and when did John and Mark meet?
3. What was Mark interested in?
4. When is Mr Battles in New York?
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5. Is Mr Price free on the 21st? If not, what is he doing?
6. When are they finally meeting?
7. Why does the secretary ask for Mr Price’s email address? Give 2 reasons.
8. What is John Price’s email address?
9. Why is the appointment cancelled?
10. What’s the new date?
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50. Jamie Oliver

Jamie Oliver is a famous British chef. Listen to the CD. Are the following statements true
(T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones in English.
Statements T F Correct answer

Jamie began cooking at the age of
1.
eight.
His passion is the only reason for

2.
his success.
3. He’s got much free time.
He has his own restaurant in the

4.
centre of London.
At the age of 21, he had his first

5.
show on TV.
6. He has written four books.
He had much experience when he

7.
began on TV.
The recipes in his TV shows were

8.
easy.
9. He’s 38 years old.
The people who watch his shows
10. were already interested in food
programmes before.
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51. Interview with Aneta

Aneta is a foreigner living in the UK. She’s talking about her experience. Answer the following
questions in English. Be as accurate as possible!
1. Why did she decide to come to the UK?
2. What is her current job?
3. What was her first job?
4. How did she find it?
5. Does she have a lot of friends? Explain.
6. Has moving in England been a positive experience for her?
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7. Has she met new people? Explain.
8. What has been the most difficult aspect of living in London?
9. Is living in London expensive? Explain.
10. Does she earn enough money to cover her expenses? Explain.
11. Does she want to stay in the UK?
12. What advice would she give to anyone thinking about coming in the UK?
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52. Smart home
1) Warming-up
✓ What is a smart home?
✓ What technology could a smart home have?
✓ Would you like to own such a house?
2) Listen to the interview and choose the best answers.
1. Smart fridges…
a) tell you what you must eat.
b) can prepare your dinner.
c) can help to improve your diet.
2. Smart fridges can also…

a) say who has taken something from the fridge.
b) make it unnecessary for you to go to a food shop.
c) tell you which is the best and nearest food shop.
3. To control cameras, lights and heating in a smart home…

a) you have to use a special mobile phone.
b) you need to use a special remote control from inside the house.
c) it doesn’t matter where you are.
4. The first smart houses…

a) appeared a few years ago.
b) have just been built now.
c) will exist in a year or two in the future.
5. Soon vacuum cleaners…

a) will not just clean floors.
b) will be frightening in some ways.
c) will not need humans to operate them.
6. The expert, Jane, says that…

a) she doesn’t like making breakfast.
b) smart homes will make us lazy.
c) we can do more when we live in smart houses.
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53. Gap year

Context:
After your studies at the CBCEC you would like to have a year off. In your opinion this year
would do you good before starting your career as an accountant. There is a little problem:
your family. Indeed, they don't see the point in "resting" for one year.
Task:
In order to let them agree with your project, you have decided to find arguments in your
favour. To do so, you are going to listen to 2 speakers telling about their experience.
Complete the following chart in English. Give as many details as possible: you know how
difficult it can be to convince the different members of your family!
Speaker #1
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Speaker #2
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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59. Writing a CV
1) The ideal job?
A recent survey posed the problem of people's (sometimes utopian) attitudes and
considerations when looking for a job. They placed some of their requirements for a rewarding
and satisfying job in order of importance. Here are most of the elements considered; choose
the three most important and least important in your ideal job:
- a good salary
- good relationships with colleagues
- a good canteen/cafeteria
- variety and enjoyment in the work done
- contact with the public
- little work to do
- the opportunity to reduce other people's suffering
- flexible hours
- long holidays
- proximity to place of residence
- travel
- social activities at one's place of work (dinner dances, excursions, picnics, etc.)
- promotion prospects
- a pleasant and attractive place of work
- a clean and well-handed place of work
- the prestige of the company
- any members of the opposite sex working there should be attractive
- perks (company car, cheap loans, large discount on company products, etc.)
- a feeling of making the world a better place to live in
- a crèche/daycare centre (for children)
- opportunities for continuing education
- an opportunity to initiate new products
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- close supervision over you
- little or no supervision over you
- a strong union
- a tight organisational structure with a well-defined hierarchy
- loose organisational structure
- a democratic decision-making process
- lots of responsibility
- job security
- a feeling of being useful
- the opportunity to command other people
- a convenient place to park
2) Detailing your education and qualifications
If your education and qualifications are your strongest selling point, then you'll want to put
this information close to the top of your CV. This is especially true if you are a recent
graduate, obtained excellent academic results or have gained a professional qualification
which is a prerequisite for the job you're applying for.
Exercise 1
In pairs, discuss the following questions.
1. Where should you put the education section for your CV?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What qualifications should you include?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 2
Read the article about how to write about your education in your CV and answer the following
questions.
1. Why should recent graduates put the education section near the top of their CV?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What term does the author use to mean just the main pieces of information, nothing
more?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Under what two circumstances would you include your A-level results in a CV?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What qualifications should you mention first?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What should you do if you're searching for employment in the IT field?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 3
What five types of qualification are mentioned in the text? Put them in order from highest to lowest.
1. ……………………… 2. ……………………… 3. ……………………… 4. ……………………… 5. ………………………
3) Avoiding common CV mistakes
Exercise 1
In pairs, think of five mistakes that people commonly make when writing a CV.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2
A German student, Alex Mencken, has recently decided to apply for two administrative assistant jobs
at London theatres. He is in the process of writing his CV. Listen to Alex discussing common mistakes
people make with CVs with his friend Ella, an HR, officer, and answer the following questions.
1. How many of your ideas in the previous exercise does Ella mention?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Does Ella talk about anything that you hadn't thought of?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3
Listen again and answer the following questions.
1. According to Ella, what words are commonly misspelt in CVs?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Why does she believe short, concise CVs are preferable?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3. Why shouldn't you lie in a CV?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. According to Ella, should you use the same CV for all your applications?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 4
Ella mentions the importance of correct spelling. Look at the following extracts from CVs. Identify and
correct the spelling mistakes (the number of mistakes is given in brackets). Use a dictionary to help
you.
1.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 5
Which of these mistakes do you regularly make? Are there any other words that you often spell
incorrectly?
229
4) CV James Marcus accountant
230
5) Chief Accountant CV Sample
Chief Accountant CV Sample

/Sarah Harding/91 Anyroad, Anytown/01234 55553444/example@anymail.com
Professional Summary
Dedicated and highly capable accountant with several years of experience in financial matters. Adept of
handing accounts for small and large businesses and providing forecast and budgets. Accurate in all
mathematical and analytical and knowledgeable in areas of financial law and compliance. Comfortable with
leading meetings and presenting information in an understandable way, to co-worker, clients and
shareholders. Seeking a fresh position and the chance to lead a larger team.
Core Qualifications
• Certified Accounting Technician.
• Member of Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.
• Full, clean driving license.
Key Skills
• Skilled accountant with established portfolio of clients.
• Strong people skills and management techniques.
• Keen accountant with a natural head for numbers.
Experience
Chief accountant at Anybiz

June 2013 – Present
• Performed fraud analysis and used fraud prevention techniques.
• Advised clients on tax planning and budgeting.
• Maintained accounting records for several departments.
• Trained team of accountants and established company policies.
Finance Officer at Anybiz

August 2010 – June 2013
• Undertook financial audits and presented findings.
• Upheld financial policy compliance for the department.
• Created budgets for small businesses.
Accountant at Anybiz
June 2007 – July 2010
• Processed accounts for payroll and general business expenditure.
• Prepared quarterly, monthly and annual cashflow reports.
Education
BA Hons Accountancy – Any College 2003-2007 A levels: Maths (A), Science (B), Art (C), Technology (B)
References
References are available on request.
This chief accountant CV sample will help you to write your own CV and figure out how to best present
yourself to employers. Remember that first impressions count and can make all the difference.
231
6) Accountant cover letter
232
55. Emails
1) Email
2) Email expressions
233
You can end your email with:

• Best wishes
• All best wishes
• Regards
• Best regards
To people you know well, you can end with:

• All the best
• Best
3) Email abbreviations
Do you know any other abbreviations that are used in emails?
Excercises
Exercise 1
Which of the features in 1) Email would you use in each of these situations?
1. You are sending an email to Antonio and you want to send a copy to Bella without
Antonio knowing.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You receive a reply from Antonio, and you want Carlos to see it.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3. You get an email from Delia, who has also sent copies to Edgar and Fenella, and you
want to send the same answer to all three of them.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. With the email to Giorgio, you want to send another document.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. You've written three emails. You want to send them, and read any that are waiting
for you.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. You receive two emails, but you don't want to keep them.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2
Complete this email using the correct form of expressions from 2) Email expressions that mean the
same as the underlined expressions.
Exercise 3
Complete the extracts from these emails, using the abbreviations from 3) Email abbreviations.
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62. Commercial correspondence
1) Structure
236
2) Complaint of wrong delivery
Here is a letter of complaint. Fill the gaps with the following words: ABLE, ASKED, CONSIGNMENT,
CUSTOMERS, DOUBTFUL, ORDERED, ORDERS, RECEIVED, SENT, UNPACKING, WRONGLY.
3rd February 20--
Dear Mr Cliff,
I ____________ a consignment of 6 dressing tables from

you yesterday, my order No. 1695, which were
____________ from your summer catalogue, Cat. No.
GR154. But on ____________ them I found that six heavy
mahogany-finished dressing tables had been
____________, instead of the light pine-finish ones
____________ for.
As most of my ____________ live in small flats earning

a moderate income it is ____________ that I will be
____________ to find a market for larger more expensive
products.
I also have firm ____________ for the goods asked for.

Would you send someone with my ____________ as soon as
possible and at the same time pick up the ____________
delivered goods? Thank you.
Yours sincerely,
R. Hughes
3) Reply to complaint of wrong delivery
5 February 20--
Dear Mr Hughes,
Thank you for your letter of 3 February in which you

said that you had received a wrong delivery to your
order (No. 1695).
I have looked into this and it appears that you have

ordered from an out-of-date catalogue. Our current
catalogue lists the dressing tables you wanted under DR
189.
I have instructed one of my drivers to deliver the

pine-finish dressing tables tomorrow and pick up the
other consignment at the same time. Rather than sending
a credit note, I will cancel invoice No. T4451 and
include another, No. T4467, with the delivery.
There is also a winter catalogue on its way to you in

case you have mislaid the one I originally sent you.
Yours sincerely,
R. Cliff
237
Answer the following questions:
1. Why did Mr Hughes receive a wrong delivery?
2. What will Mr Cliff do about it?
3. Why is Mr Cliff not going to send a credit note?
4. How is Mr Cliff ensuring that Mr Hughes will not make the same mistake again?
5. Which words in the letter correspond to the following words?
- investigated =
- seems =
- ordered =
- collect =
- lost =
4) Complaint of damage
15 August 20--
Dear Mr Causio,
Our order No. 14478
I am writing to you to complain about the shipment of

sweaters we received yesterday against the above order.
The boxes in which the sweaters were packed were

damaged and looked as if they had been broken open in
transit. From your invoice No. 18871 we estimate that
thirty garments have been stolen to the value of
£150.00. And because of the rummaging in the boxes,
quite a few other garments were crushed or stained and
cannot be sold as new articles in our shops.
As the sale was on a c.i.f. basis and the forwarding

company your agents, we suggest you contact them with
regard to compensation.
You will find a list of the damaged and missing

articles attached, and the consignment will be put to
one side until we receive your instructions.
Yours sincerely,
L. Crane
Chief Buyer
238
Answer the following questions:
1. How had the damage occurred?
2. Why can’t the garments still be sold?
3. What does Mr Crane intend to do with the damaged consignment?
4. What is enclosed in the letter?
5. Which words in the letter correspond to the following words?
- during transportation =
- assess =
- clothes =
- make up for the loss =
5) Reply to complaint of damage

Fill the gaps with the following words: COMPENSATION, CONSIGNMENT, DAMAGE, FORTNIGHT,
INCONVENIENCE, PREVIOUS, SHIPMENT, SHIPPING, UNLIKELY, UNUSUAL, WHOLE, WITHIN.
24 August 20--
Dear Mr Crane,
Thank you for informing us about the ____________ to

our ____________ (Inv. No. 18871).
From our ____________ transactions you will realize

that this sort of problem is quite ____________.
Nevertheless, we are sorry about the ____________ it
has caused you.
Please would you return the ____________ consignment to

us and we will ask the ____________ company to come and
inspect the damage so that they can arrange
____________. It is ____________ that our insurance
company needs to be troubled with this case.
If you want us to send you another ____________ as per

your order No. 14478, please let us know. We have the
garments in stock and it would be no trouble to send
them ____________ the next ____________.
Yours sincerely,
D. Causio
239
240
241
242
57. ET: Present simple & continuous

1. Peux-tu répondre au téléphone? Je suis en train de prendre ma douche.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. A: Mange-t-il du riz tous les jours? B: Je ne pense pas.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Elle ne va pas souvent à Londres, mais elle y séjourne pour le moment.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Normalement, il soupe chez lui. Mais ce soir, il va au restaurant avec des amis.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Tu peux parler à Julia. Elle ne dort pas.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. D'habitude, je m'endors vite et je fais beaucoup de cauchemars.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. A: Où sont Jane et John? B: Ils se disputent dans le jardin.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. A: Que fais-tu? B: J'essaye de comprendre mon exercice de mathématique.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Ne parle pas si fort: les jumeaux dorment.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Je te conseille d'éteindre la radio: personne ne l'écoute.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Notre père est toujours fâché sur nous quand nous ne respectons pas le couvre-feu.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Dépêchez-vous! Le film commence! Je ne veux pas louper le début.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
243
58. ET: Past simple & continuous

1. Hier, je suis allé à la fête d'anniversaire de mon cousin.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. A: A quelle heure est-il rentré cet après-midi? B: Je ne me souviens pas.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Où et quand cette jeune fille est-elle née?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Tu es fatigué car tu as étudié pendant un long moment.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Je suis sûr qu'il n'a pas acheté sa voiture: il l'a volée!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Il y a trente ans, la plupart des gens n'avaient pas de GSM.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. A: Comment t'es-tu cassé le bras? B: Je faisais du vélo à Amsterdam et je suis tombé.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. A: As-tu mangé une pomme ce matin? B: Pourquoi veux-tu le savoir?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Qui a oublié d'éteindre la lumière?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Ils ont bu une tasse de thé puis ont quitté la maison.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. As-tu reçu les points de ton dernier examen?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Elle a oublié son dictionnaire d'anglais chez elle. C'est dommage!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
244
59. ET: Present perfect

1. Ils viennent d'obtenir leur diplôme en comptabilité.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Nous habitons ensemble depuis dix ans.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Ils se connaissent depuis le mois de septembre.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Il vient d'avoir un accident de voiture. Je suis choquée.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Elle a le même ordinateur depuis toutes ces années.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Jennifer vient d'avoir un bébé. C'est une fille.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Depuis quand connais-tu ton meilleur ami?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Elle travaille dans cette boîte depuis qu'elle a terminé ses études.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Il attend le taxi depuis 9h du matin. Il est déjà 10h15!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Le meurtrier s'est récemment échappé de prison. Les policiers sont à sa recherche.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Etes-vous déjà allé en Autriche?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. A: Où est Fiona? B: Elle est allée à la toilette.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
245
60. ET: Articles

1. La première fois que je l'ai vu, j'en suis tombée amoureuse.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. J'aimerais commander un verre de limonade, SVP.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Le soleil brille aujourd'hui. C'est une bonne nouvelle.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Elle a décidé d'étudier dans une université renommée.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Il s'agit d'une décision européenne. Nous devons tous l'accepter.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Hier, il y avait un hélicoptère sur le toit de l'hôpital.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Je suis sûre que le Prince William sera un héritier qui respectera le Royaume-Uni.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Attendons encore une heure. Si elle n'arrive pas, nous irons à l'école à pied.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. En hiver, il y a souvent de la neige dans mon village.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. En général, les chats sont des animaux domestiques indépendants.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Le chien de ma voisine est très gentil mais il pue.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Lorsqu'ils sont à la maison, mes enfants regardent souvent la télévision.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
246
61. ET: Future

1. As-tu entendu? Sally et John vont se marier!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. J'ai pris ma décision: je vais changer de travail.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Votre valise a l'air lourde, Monsieur Smith. Je vais vous aider.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. [Dans un café] Nous allons prendre une bouteille de champagne pour fêter notre dixième
anniversaire de mariage!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Ira-t-elle chez le médecin si c'est toi qui lui demandes?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Il est sûr que son frère sera heureux avec sa nouvelle épouse.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Les cours commenceront le 15 octobre.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Malheureusement, je ne pense pas qu'elle puisse venir.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Leur prochain concert aura lieu au mois de mai à Paris.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Nous sommes tristes car il n'y aura pas de fête de Noël au travail cette année.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Je te promets que je ne dirai ton secret à personne. Tu peux me faire confiance.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. J'avais oublié l'anniversaire de Julia! Je vais lui prendre un roman d'amour.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
247
62. ET: Modals

1. Les adultes doivent travailler pour payer les factures.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Les adolescents ont l'autorisation de sortir plus tard le week-end.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Tu devrais écouter tes parents. Ils te donnent généralement de bons conseils.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Il est puni. Il ne peut donc pas quitter sa chambre.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Pouvons-nous distribuer un papier important à nos camarades de classe?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Tu n'as pas besoin de porter un costume pour ton examen oral.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Il aurait dû terminer de lire son livre.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Il faut que tu fermes la porte à clef lorsque tu vas te coucher.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Elle doit faire régime: tous ses vêtements sont trop étroits.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Elle doit faire régime: selon son médecin, elle a un problème au cœur.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Puis-je vous emprunter un crayon, SVP? J'ai oublié mon plumier chez moi.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Les enfants, vous ne devez pas toucher le bouton rouge! C'est dangereux!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
248
63. ET: Verb patterns

1. A-t-il essayé d'ouvrir le bocal?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Ma sœur a arrêté de fumer il y a 6 mois.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Ils ont décidé de se marier en juin.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Puis-je vous poser une question en français?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Nous voudrions visiter le Palais de la Reine.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. As-tu fini de boire ton café? J'aimerais mettre ta tasse dans le lave-vaisselle.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Ils envisagent de déménager en Allemagne. Les salaires sont plus élevés là-bas.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Nous nous réjouissons tous de vous revoir.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Elle espère ne pas rater son dernier examen. Elle est tellement épuisée.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. A: Quels sont vos hobbies? B: J'aime voyager, cuisiner et jouer au tennis.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Elle buvait un verre de vin tous les jours avant de tomber enceinte.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. J'ai oublié de dire à John que son neveu avait téléphoné.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
249
64. ET: Comparative & superlative

1. Le vase vert est plus cher que le rouge.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Je suis sûre qu'elle a un meilleur salaire que son mari.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Qui a la meilleure vie: elle ou lui?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. James court vite. Malheureusement, il n'est pas aussi rapide que son frère aîné.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. La chose la plus difficile en anglais, c'est la prononciation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Lorsque nous étions plus jeunes, nous aimions aller au cinéma le dimanche.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Sa vie n'est pas aussi simple que cela. J'ai appris qu'il avait beaucoup de dettes.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Chaque mère pense que son enfant est le plus mignon.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. L'Empire State Building n'est plus le plus haut bâtiment au monde.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. C'est la nourriture la plus délicieuse que j'ai jamais mangé!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. La maison de Shrek est dans les bois, mais elle est beaucoup plus loin.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Quand on se marie, on pense que c'est le plus beau jour de sa vie.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
250
65. ET: Relative clauses

1. L'homme avec lequel je parlais hier est mon voisin.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. La femme qui porte une jupe jaune n'a pas l'air très heureuse.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. La valise qui se trouve dans le couloir est plutôt légère. A qui appartient-elle?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. La grammaire anglaise dont tu m'as parlé n'est plus éditée.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. La bouteille que Samantha a déposée sur la table de salon est vide.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Savez-vous de qui nous sommes en train de parler?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Le restaurant italien dans lequel nous avons l'habitude d'aller est fermé pendant 2
semaines.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Avez-vous vu les baskets que votre fils portait hier?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Vous pouvez vous asseoir sur la chaise qui est dans le coin.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Voici les athlètes que mon frère admire. Ne sont-ils pas beaux?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Votre patron est une personne que tous les employés respectent.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Le mécanicien a réparé le véhicule qui faisait beaucoup de bruit.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
251
66. ET: Passive voice

1. L'ordinateur est utilisé pour le moment.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Mon voisin a été arrêté hier.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. On m'a donné une belle plante verte et deux marguerites.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Les fenêtres de ce bâtiment ont été remplacées l'année dernière.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Notre voiture a été endommagée dans un terrible accident.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. C'est toi qui as fait l'erreur, et non moi.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Ils furent encerclés par l'ennemi.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. La pièce était remplie de fumée.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. C'est plus facile à dire qu'à faire.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. On lui conseilla d'attendre.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Le pauvre chien a été écrasé par un bus.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Lorsque nous sommes arrivés, la maison avait été cambriolée.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
252
67. ET: Tenses

1. Elles ne sont pas habituées à ce qu'on les fasse attendre.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Il ferait mieux de préparer son examen!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Plus il vieillit, moins il comprend la jeune génération.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Les conseils que le médecin lui a donnés étaient excellents, mais il ne les a pas suivis.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. On leur avait dit de ne pas emporter trop de bagages.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Il croit pouvoir apprendre le chinois tout seul.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Il était mort depuis plusieurs heures quand les policiers découvrirent le corps.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. J'ai l'impression qu'il me cache quelque chose.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. On ne peut pas leur faire confiance!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Vous faites de moins en moins de fautes.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Autrefois, nous lisions le Times, maintenant nous lisons le Guardian tous les jours.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Je regrette de devoir passer mon dimanche après-midi à travailler.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
253
68. ET: Idioms 1

1. Il pleut des cordes.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Jette un coup d'œil.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Ca ne fait rien.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Je m'en fous.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Comme je suis bête!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Loin des yeux, loin du cœur!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Une chose à la fois.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Le dernier mais non le moindre.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mieux vaut tard que jamais.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Dépêche-toi!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Ca ne sert à rien d'essayer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Mon Dieu!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
254
69. ET: Idioms 2

1. Ce fût le coup de foudre!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Ca dépend de toi maintenant.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Bon appétit!
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. J'ai attrapé la grippe.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Je broie du noir.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Elle est couverte de bleus.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Il est sain et sauf.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Je suis fauché.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Elle est enceinte.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Ca se vend comme des petits pains.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Cela ne me dérange pas.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Quoi de neuf?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
255
70. ET: Indirect speech

1. Mon neveu a dit qu'il allait à la salle de sport tous les matins.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Monsieur Smith a dit aux étudiants qu'il avait postposé le contrôle de chimie.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. La petite fille m'a dit qu'elle avait perdu sa poupée préférée.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Elle ne sait pas pourquoi ils sont partis si vite.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Papa a dit qu'il serait en retard car il avait une réunion.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Peux-tu me dire où tu vas?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. La vendeuse a demandé à la vieille dame si elle voulait un autre sac pour y mettre ses
achats.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Savez-vous à quelle heure commence le concert de ce soir?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Joyce a demandé au mécanicien quand sa voiture serait prête.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Sam a demandé au policier si cette route menait bien au bureau de poste.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Le prof de tennis a demandé aux filles quand elles voulaient avoir leur leçon particulière.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Hier, les fermiers ont demandé s'ils allaient avoir de l'aide du gouvernement.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
256
257
258
71. WE: Introduce yourself

Write a structured and coherent text of minimum 100 words. Of course, paragraphs and
linking words are welcome.
✓ Give some personal information about yourself:
o Describe your physical appearance
o Describe your character
o Give details about your family
o Mention your free time activities
o Etc.
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72. WE: Work and jobs

If you work…
✓ What do you do?
✓ What are you in charge of?
✓ What are your responsibilities?
✓ What time do you leave for work?
✓ How long does it take you to get to work?
✓ What time do you arrive at work?
✓ Do you take a lot of time off work?
If you don't work…
✓ What sort of job would you like to do?
✓ What routine would you like to have?
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73. WE: Ways of working

If you work…
✓ Do you have a nine-to-five job?
✓ Do you have to clock on and off?
✓ Is there a flexitime system in your organization?
✓ Are there people who do shiftwork in your company?
✓ Could you do your job working from home? If so, would you like to?
✓ What sort of working hours would you like to have if you worked?
✓ Would you like to work from home?
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74. WE: Recruitment and selection

If you work…
✓ How did you get your job?
✓ Was it advertised?
✓ Were you interviewed for it?
✓ Was the selection process very long?
✓ Have you applied for any jobs?
✓ Were you interviewed?
✓ How did it go?
✓ What's the usual process for getting your first job in your country?
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75. WE: Skills and qualifications

If you work…
✓ What sort of people does your organization look for in its recruitment?
✓ What sort of person are you?
✓ Explain the recruiting process you went through.
✓ Does your educational institution prepare people for specific jobs? Explain.
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76. WE: Telephoning 1:
Phones and numbers

✓ When was the last time you called an organization for information?
✓ What happened?
✓ Do you like recorded information, or do you prefer to talk to a real person?
✓ Does your organization (or one you are interested in) offer recorded information?
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Getting through
✓ Have you ever had these problems on the phone, in your language or in English?
✓ Do you use voicemail yourself?
✓ What are its advantages and disadvantages?
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Messages
✓ What is the most difficult thing when you phone someone in another language?
✓ According to you, is it more difficult to phone someone in another language or talk to
them face to face? Why?
✓ Do you sometimes have to phone someone in another language at work or at home?
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Arrangements
✓ Do you make arrangements on the phone?
✓ Do you find it difficult to end phone calls? Why (not)?
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80. WE: Bookkeeping

✓ What qualities does a good bookkeeper need?
✓ Why did you decide to become an accountant?
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81. WE: Meetings 1:
Types of meeting
✓ What sort of meetings do you go to in your school or organization?
✓ Are they useful?
✓ What about the meetings you have at work?
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82. WE: Meetings 2:
Points of view
✓ How freely can people express their feelings in your school or organization?
✓ Are people at all levels encouraged to say what they think?
✓ Are new employees asked for their opinion?
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83. WE: Meetings 3:
Agreement and disagreement

✓ What are you like in meetings?
✓ Do you often disagree with other people or do you prefer to avoid arguments?
✓ Give examples.
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84. WE: CV
✓ Write your own and real CV according to the structure we saw in class.
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85. WE: Covering letter

✓ Write a covering letter. Do not forget to mention why you are applying for this
particular position. Explain shortly how your studies prepared you for this job.
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86. WE: Emails

✓ What do you use emails for?
✓ Does email save time or does it just make more work?
✓ Should employees send and receive personal emails at work?
✓ Are you supposed to read and answer your professional emails as soon as you get
them? What happens when you get them after your working hours or when you are on
holiday? How does your boss react if you don't answer?
✓ Can you reach your boss any time by email?
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87. WE: Complaining

✓ Write a letter of complaint to the school director to complain about a teacher who,
according to you, doesn't do their job properly.
✓ Moreover, the above-mentioned teacher doesn't like you. You seem to be their
scapegoat. You have witnesses.
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88. WE: Why should we hire you?

✓ Describe your strengths.
✓ Mention also your weaknesses.
✓ What have you already tried to overcome your weaknesses?
✓ Why are you the best person for this job?
✓ What outstanding qualities or experience do you have that others don't have?
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89. Prepositions
WHAT ARE THE MISSING WORDS ?
Add the missing prepositions to the questions. Check your answers with your teacher.
Then work with a partner. Ask them the questions and write down their answers.
1. Do you admire a famous person? What is he/she well-known ………………………… ?
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2. What do you worry ………………………… ?
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3. What talents are you envious ………………………… ?
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4. Are you superstitious ………………………… anything?
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5. Which sports are you good ………………………… ?
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6. Are there any things you are particularly afraid ………………………… ?
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7. What things in your life are you most proud ………………………… ?
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8. What kind of music are you keen ………………………… ?
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9. Are you interested ………………………… football?
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10. Who will you always be grateful ………………………… ?
What will you be grateful ………………………… ?
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11. Which languages are you fluent ………………………… ?
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12. What or whom do you get annoyed ………………………… ?
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13. Which person, or people, in your life can you most rely ………………………… ?
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14. What do you often dream ………………………… ?
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15. Who are you most similar ………………………… - your mother or your father?
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16. What would you like to be famous ………………………… ?
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17. Are you related ………………………… anyone famous?
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18. Who do you dream ………………………… meeting?
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19. When did you last complain ………………………… something?
Who did you complain ………………………… ?
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20. What is your opinion ………………………… the song which is number one at the moment?
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90. Working style

Have you ever thought about your working style? Are you a
supporter, a team worker, a finisher or a leader? This
questionnaire will help you to find out.
Step 1
Read the 30 statements and tick the ones you agree with. You only have ten minutes so do not
spend time thinking deeply about each statement. There are no 'right' or 'wrong' answers, so
be honest!
1. ❑ I usually meet up with my colleagues socially.

2. ❑ I often find it difficult to advise people on what to do about their problems.
3. ❑ Workplace crèches are a good idea.
4. ❑ I can never remember staff birthdays.
5. ❑ I am an extrovert most of the time.
6. ❑ My boss is hardly ever interested in my opinion.
7. ❑ I am just paid to get results.
8. ❑ I often feel that people do their jobs better than me.
9. ❑ I wish I was somebody else from time to time.
10. ❑ I would only work for an employer who treated men and women equally.
11. ❑ I have always recognised my strengths.
12. ❑ I frequently work overtime and I don't mind doing this.
13. ❑ I can usually help people with their personal problems.
14. ❑ I usually know all the office gossip.
15. ❑ I don't find jokes about minority groups funny.
16. ❑ I think that problems at home can sometimes become problems at work.
17. ❑ I recognise my faults.
18. ❑ I hardly ever take part in gossiping during work hours.
19. ❑ I don't often enjoy doing nothing.
20. ❑ When people criticise me, I sometimes get depressed.
21. ❑ I usually get on well with my colleagues.
22. ❑ I always enjoy meeting new people.
23. ❑ I often take work home with me.
24. ❑ I daydream a lot.
25. ❑ I like working with computers.
26. ❑ I always enjoy job interviews.
27. ❑ My colleagues usually enjoy my company.
28. ❑ Promotion should always be based on length of service in a company.
29. ❑ Making important decisions hardly ever worries me.
30. ❑ The job will still be there tomorrow.
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Step 2
Work out your score. Circle the answers you ticked, then add up how many As, Bs, Cs and Ds
you have.
1. A 4. B 7. B 10. A 13. B 16. A 19. B 22. D 25. B 28. C

2. A 5. D 8. C 11. D 14. A 17. C 20. C 23. B 26. D 29. D
3. A 6. C 9. C 12. B 15. A 18. B 21. D 24. C 27. D 30. A
Step 3
Your teacher is going to read the analysis of your results. Make some notes and read them
carefully. Do you agree with the results?
……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………
282
283
284
91. Assesment grid for the WE
Date: Total: /30

Surname and first name:
Subject:
Respect de la tâche:
Respect des caractéristiques du texte narratif:

- introduction 0 2
- découpage en paragraphes 0 2
- conclusion 0 2 /6
Logique de l'ensemble:
- tout à fait respectée 8
- le plus souvent respectée 6
- rarement respectée 2
- pas respectée du tout 0 /8
Respect de la longueur du texte:
- plus que la longueur demandée 6
- longueur demandée 4
- moins que la longueur demandée 2
- moins que la ½ de la longueur demandée 0 /6
/20  /10
Respect des caractéristiques de la langue écrite:
Richesse et adéquation du vocabulaire:

- vocabulaire adéquat et varié 5
- vocabulaire adéquat mais peu varié 3
- vocabulaire limité et imprécis 2
- vocabulaire insuffisant ou inadéquat 1 /5
Complexité ou simplicité des structures 2 1 0 /2
Utilisation de mots liens 1 0.5 0 /1
Bonne utilisation des temps 3 2 1 0 /3
Correction des formes grammaticales 4 3 2 1 0 /4
Correction de la syntaxe 2 1 0 /2
Orthographe 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 /3
/20
285
92. Assessment grid for the OE

Date: Total: /20
Surname and first name:
Texts and questions:
RANGE ACCURACY FLUENCY INTERACTION COHERENCE

Shows great flexibility Maintains consistent of Can express him/herself Can interact with ease Can create coherent and
reformulating ideas in grammatical control of spontaneoulsy at length and skill, picking up and cohesive discourse
differing linguistic complex language, even with a natural colloquial using non-verbal and making full and
forms to convey finer while attention is flow, avoiding or intonational cues approppriate use of a
shades of meaning otherwise engaged (e.g. backtracking around any apparently effortlessly. variety of organisational
precisely, to give in forward planning, in difficulty so smoothly Can interweave his/her patterns and a wide
90% emphasis, to monitoring others' that the interlocutor is contribution into the range of connectors and
differenciate and to reactions) hardly aware of it. joint discourse with fully other cohesive devices.
eliminate ambiguity. Also natural turntaking,
has a good command of referencing, allusion
idiomatic expressions making, etc.
and colloquialisms.
Has a good command of Consistently maintains a Can express him/herself Can select a suitable Can produce clear,
a broad range of high degree of fluently and phrase from a readily smoothlyflowing, well-
language allowing grammatical accuracy; spontaneoulsy, almost available range of structured speech,
him/her to select a errors are rare, difficult effortlessly. Only a discourse functions to showing controlled use
formulation to express to spot and generally conceptually difficult preface his remarks in of organisational
him/herself clearly in an corrected when they do subject can hinder a order to get or to keep patterns, connectors
75%
appropriate style on a occur. natural, smooth flow of the floor and to relate and cohesive devices.
wide range of general, language. his/her own
academic, professional contributions skilfully to
or leisure topics without those of other speakers.
having to restrict what
he/she wants to say.
Has a sufficient range Shows a relatively high Can produce stretches Can initiate discourse, Can use a limited number
of language to be able to degree of grammatical of language with a fairlytake his/her turn when of cohesive devices to
give clear descriptions, control. Does not make even tempo; although appropriate and end link his/her utterances
express viewpoints on errors which cause mis- he/she can be hesitant conversation when into clear, coherent
most general topics, unterstanding, and can as he or she searches forhe/she needs to, though discourse, though there
without much correct most of his/her patterns and he/she may not always may be some "jumpiness"
65%
conspicuous searching mistakes. expressions, there are do this elegantly. Can in a long contribution.
for words, using some few noticeably long help the discussion along
complex sentence forms pauses. on familiar ground
to do so. confirmation
comprehension, inviting
others in, etc.
Has enough language to Uses reasonably Can keep going Can initiate, maintain Can link a series of
get by, with sufficient accurately a repertoire comprehensibly, even and close simple face-to- shorter, discrete simple
vocabulary to express of frequently used though pausing for face conversation on elements into a
him/herself with some "routines" and patterns grammatical and lexical topics that are familiar connected, linear
hesitation and associated with more planning and repair is or of personal interest. sequence of points.
50%
circumlocutions on predictable situations. evident, especially in Can repeat back part of
topics such as family, longer stretches of free what someone has said
hobbies and interests, production. to confirm mutual
work, travel, and understanding.
current events.
Uses basic sentence Uses some simple Can make him/herself Can answer questions Can link groups of words
patterns with memorised structures correctly, understood in very short and with simple connectors
phrases, groups of a few but still systematically utterances, even though respond to simple "and", "but" and
words and formulae in makes basic mistakes. pauses, false starts and statements. "because".
order to communicate reformulation are very Can indicate when
limited information in evident. he/she is following but is
35% simple everyday rarely able to
situations. understand
enough to keep
conversation
going of his/her own
accord.
Has a very basic Shows only limited Can manage very short, Can ask and answer Can link words or groups
repertoire of words and control of a few simple isolated, mainly questions about personal of words with very basic
simple phrases related to grammatical structures prepackaged utterances, details. Can interact in a linear connectors like
personal details and and sentence patterns in with much pausing to simple way but "and" or "then".
15% particular concrete a memorised repertoire. search for expressions, communication is totally
situations. to articulate less dependent on repetition,
familiar words, and to rephrasing and repair.
repair communication.
286
Reliable sources
www.englishclub.com (Phrasal verbs)
A Handbook of Commercial Correspondence,

Unit 1 Structure and presentation, p2
Unit 7 Complaints and adjustments, pp96-99
Unit 16 Personal appointments, pp281-283
A Very Simple Grammar of English,

A, an, the, pp62-63
The future, pp27-29
Business Vocabulary in Use, Intermediate,

Unit 1 Work and jobs, pp10-11
Unit 2 Ways of working, pp12-13
Unit 3 Recruitment and selection, pp14-15
Unit 4 Skills and qualifications, pp16-17
Unit 48 Telephoning 1: Phones and numbers, pp104-105
Unit 49 Telephoning 2: Getting through, pp106-107
Unit 50 Telephoning 3: Messages, pp108-109
Unit 51 Telephoning 4: Arrangements, pp110-111
Unit 53 Emails, pp114-115
Unit 54 Meetings 1: Types of meeting, pp116-117
Unit 56 Meetings 3: Points of view, pp120-121
Unit 57 Meetings 4: Agreement and disagreement, pp122-123
Cambridge English for Job-Hunting, Downes Colm, CUP, 2008
Current, Mary Glasgow Magazine, 4/2007, Track 4
English Grammar in Use,

Unit 3 Present continuous and present simple (1), pp6-7
Unit 6 Past continuous, p13
Unit 19 Present tenses (I am doing/I do) for the future, pp38-39
Unit 20 (I'm) going to (do), pp40-41
Unit 21 Will/shall (1), pp42-43
Unit 23 I will and I'm going to, pp46-47
Unit 26 Can, could and (be) able to, pp52-53
Unit 28 Must and can't, pp56-57
287
Unit 31 Must and have to, pp62-63

Unit 32 Must, mustn't, needn't, pp64-65
Unit 71 A/an and the, pp142-143
Unit 72 The (1), pp144-145
Unit 74 The (3) (Children/the children), pp148-149
Unit 120 At/on/in (time), pp240-241
Unit 122 In/at/on (place) (1), pp244-245
Unit 125 To/at/in/into, pp250-251
Unit 126 On/in/at (other uses), pp252-253
Unit 127 By, pp254-255
Additional exercises, ex 16-18 pp293-294
English Vocabulary in Use, Pre-intermediate and Intermediate,

Unit 22 Greetings, farewells and special expressions, pp46-47
Unit 23 Phrasal verbs (1): form and meaning, pp48-49
Unit 24 Phrasal verbs (2): grammar and style, pp50-51
Essential Grammar in Use,

Unit 8 I am doing and I do, pp24-25
Unit 14 I was doing and I did, pp36-37
Unit 21 Is done – was done (passive 1), pp50-51
Unit 22 Is being done – had been done (passive 2), pp52-53
Unit 26 What are you doing tomorrow?, pp60-61
Unit 27 I'm going to…, pp62-63
Unit 50 Work/working, go/going, do/doing, pp108-109
Unit 51 To… (I want to) and -ing (I enjoy doing), pp110-111
Unit 52 I want you to… I told you to…, pp112-113
Unit 113 a person who… a thing that/which… (relative clauses 1), pp234-235
Unit 114 The people we met & the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2), pp236-237
Gateway, 2nd Edition, B1+, SB, Unit 6 Pure science, T35, p76
Gateway, 2nd Edition, B2, SB, Unit 2 Nine to five, T10, p10
Grammar Builder 3, Unit 14 Direct and indirect speech, pp170-177
Head for Business, Intermediate, SB,

Unit 1 A common language, pp6-11
Unit 2 Work to live, live to work, pp12-17
Unit 3 Transitions, pp18-23
Unit 4 Company culture, pp24-29
Unit 5 Free to trade, pp30-35
Unit 12 The art of persuasion, pp72-77
288
Head for Business, Intermediate, WB,

Unit 1 A common language, pp4-7
Unit 2 Work to live, live to work, pp8-11
Unit 3 Transitions, pp13-16
Unit 4 Company culture, pp17-22
Unit 5 Free to trade, pp23-26
Unit 12 The art of persuasion, pp52-55
In Company, Pre-intermediate, TB, MacMillan Publisher Limited, 2003,

Working style, p148
Storytelling, p155
La grammaire anglaise de l'étudiant, Berland-Delépine, pp214-217 & 531-532
Living English Structure for Schools, Section 19 Passive voice, p. 150
New Headway, 3rd Edition, Pre-intermediate, SB,

Unit 5 What do you want to do?, p158
Unit 6 Places and things, p134
Unit 7 Fame!, p55, pp135-136
Irregular verbs, p157
3rd Edition, Intermediate, SB,
Unit 2 Get happy!, p137
Unit 4 Doing the right thing, p32
Unit 6 I just love it!, p126
Unit 7 The World of Work, pp55, 57, 126 & 144-145
3rd Edition, Upper-intermediate, SB,
Unit 4 An eye to the future, pp45 & 129
Unit 6 Making it big, T6.1, pp54 & 131
New International Business English Workbook, Jones Leo & Alexander Richard, CUP, 2003
Oxford Guide to English Grammar, Unit 37 Word endings: pronunciation and spelling, p377
Professional English in Use, Finance, Unit 4 Bookkeeping, pp14-15
Spotlight, Magazine, June 2017, pp40-43
Test your English Business in Use, Test 51 Telephoning 4: Arrangements, p65
Timesaver Speaking Activities, Pre-int./Advanced, What are the missing words?, p31
Today in English,
January 2007, Trade fairs, p40
February 2007, An important appointment, p45
Wording in English, Introductions, pp26-27
289

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A. Dechêne, I. Ledain, V.

Soquette English Level 3 CBCEC 2023-2024

Chambre Belge des Comptables et Experts-Comptables

Teachers: A. Dechêne, I. Ledain & V. Soquette

Academic year: 2023-2024

Table of contents ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3

Part I: Everyday Vocabulary

Part II: Business Vocabulary

Part III: I love Grammar

29. Modals------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109

Part IV: Head for Business

Part V: Listening Comprehension

Part VI: Commercial Correspondence

Part VII: Easy Translations

Part VIII: Written Expression

Part IX: Oral Expression

Reliable sources --------------------------------------------------------------------- 287

1. Introduce your neighbour

E-mail address: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Marital status: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Reasons for becoming an accountant: …………………………………………………………………………………………

2) How to introduce someone?

Use the words in the box below.

1. Kevin, ……………………………………… ……………………………………… my friend, Bob.

2. Peter, have you ……………………………………… Linda?

3. John, do you ……………………………………… Susan?

4. Ben, I’d like you to ……………………………………… my brother, Jack.

5. Let me ……………………………………… you to our agent, Martin Mackay.

6. ……………………………………… I introduce my colleague, Mr Brown?

7. Hey Pete, this is Sam. He’s ……………………………………… Atlanta.

3) What to say when being introduced?

Kevin: Hi, Bob.

A. Pleased to meet you.

A. How do you do?

4) How to introduce yourself?

Use the words in the box below.

1. ……………………………………… ’m Bob Gordon.

2. ……………………………………… name is Chris Evans. I’d like to make your ……………………………….

3. …………………………………… me, aren’t you Peter Johnson? I’ve been ………………………………………

forward to ……………………………………… you. My ……………………………………… is Linda Gordon.

4. You ………………………………… be John’s sister. I’m Eric Thompson. So …………………………………

to meet you. I’ve ……………………………………… so much about you.

5. ‘You must be Mark.’ ‘I’m …………………………………… but you’ve been ……………………………………/

you’re ……………………………………… me with someone else/I’m afraid you’re talking to the

……………………………………… person. I’m Rick.’

and special expressions

3) Happy occasions and celebrations

4) Expressions for special situations

1. A friend. Next week is 25 December.

2. A friend who is 21 tomorrow.

3. A friend. It will be 1 January in three days’ time.

d. Keep your fingers crossed.

telephone call. What do you say as you leave?

Excuse me. I won’t be long.

leaving. What do you say?

to other passengers as you move past them?

the room in the evening to go to bed?

7. A friend tells you they have just won some money.

8. Another friend is going for a job interview this afternoon.