SECTION ONE: LISTENING (50/ 200 points)

Part 1. You will hear a discussion in which two marine biologists, Gina Kelso and Thomas Lundman, talk
about an award-winning television film they made about wildlife in Antarctica.
For questions 1 – 5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear
1. Gina’s interest in marine biology dates from
A her earliest recollections of life in Africa.
B one memorable experience in childhood.
C the years she spent studying in England.
D a postgraduate research project she led.
2. The first wildlife TV series they both worked on
A made use of a previously untried format.
B was not filmed in a natural environment.
C was not intended to be taken too seriously.
D required them to do background research.
3. How did Thomas feel when he was asked to produce the programmes about Antarctica?
A disappointed not to be presenting the series
B surprised that people thought he was suitable
C uncertain how well he would get on with the team
D worried about having to spend the winter there
4. When they were in Antarctica, they would have appreciated
A a less demanding work schedule.
B more time to study certain animals.
C a close friend to share their feelings with.
D a chance to share their work with colleagues.
5. What was most impressive about the whales they filmed?
A the unusual sounds the whales made
B the number of whales feeding in a small bay
C how long the whales stayed feeding in one area
D how well the whales co-operated with each other

Part 2. You will hear part of a radio interview with a diver. For questions 1 - 10, complete the sentences.
John's first experience of diving involved putting a (1)..................................... round his body.
He says that years ago, diving could be compared with (2)....................................... .
The diving equipment he had in the Army had previously been used for (3) ........................................ .
John is not comfortable when he is near to (4) ................................... on topics of special interest.
John's worst mistake happened when he was trying to recover a very old (5) .................................... .
When he got to the surface on that occasion, he had problems with his (6) .................................. and his
(7) ..................................... .
Another bad experience happened when he was trying to lift a (8) ........................... that was stuck in mud.
While testing a device in Florida, he crashed into the (9) ...................... .
These days, he is very keen on the (10) ......................................... aspect of diving.
Part 3. You will hear a news report on the 2016 American Presidential Election. For questions 1-10, complete
the sentences.
1. David Maraniss is an editor of The Washington Post, a biographer of Bill Clinton and a
.......................................... of Hillary Clinton.
2. The Republicans have come to the conclusion that all of the important ................................................ have
turned in their favor and if Hillary Clinton doesn't make any mistakes and if the campaign continues as it's gone,
she'll win.
3. Hillary Clinton being cautious is thought to be part of her ......................................... and also part of a Clinton
campaign.
4. The central point of the debate between Trump and Hillary came when Trump said that if he were president,
she would be .........................................., which was against everything about American democracy
5-6. According to Maraniss, it is a ................................................. in which politicians jail the other side without
going through the .................................................., on which everything about the U.S. Constitution is based.
7. Although people can make strong criticisms of Hillary Clinton's treatment of the emails, it did go through the
..................................................... as The FBI investigated it.
8. Marnaniss said that he started covering elections since 1976, and despite the .............................
and ...................................... and superficial fighting there was in the past campaigns, it had nothing in common
with what we see this year.
9. Marnaniss thinks it's from cultural factors, political factors, and economic factors that lead to
the .................................. in this year election.
10. If Clinton wins the election, it's going to be just two years of ................................................ and even worse
over that period of time.

SECTION TWO: LEXICO - GRAMMAR (20/ 200 points)

Part 1. For questions 21- 35, choose the most suitable word to complete each sentence.
1) The two young fighters fought toe to toe and both showed ........ determination.
A) grim B) strong C) harsh D) mean
2) I would like to welcome you all on this auspicious ........, the 25th anniversary of the founding of our company.
A) occasion B) moment C) meeting D) gathering
3) As a conservative ........ I think we need to put aside £4,000 for the wedding.
A) forecast B) approximation C) guess D) estimate
4) Both parents were unemployed and the family had a ......... lifestyle.
A) cautious B) frugal C) careful D) tight
5) The project has progressed in ........ and starts due to a constant change in funding.
A. wits B. bits C. fits D. sits
6) The car screeched to a ........ at the junction and two men jumped out and ran down the street.
A) halt B) stop C) end D) standstill
7) I'd been in ........ pain with toothache all weekend and was desperate to find a dentist.
A) agonizing B) shooting C) excruciating D) maddening
8) I was ........ tempted to report his incompetence to my line manager otherwise the whole team would suffer.
A) highly B) sorely C) greatly D) urgently
9. The strike at the bank left customers high and ........ over the weekend, with many unable to make withdrawals.
A. shy B. fly C. sly D. dry
10) Growth in the economy may have ........ out, but inflation will remain a persistent problem.
A) fallen B) bottomed C) based D) flattened
11. It had been a trying afternoon, …. at about 6 o’clock in the TV breaking down.
A. culminating B. leading C. arriving D. finalising
12. She gave up nursing training when she found she had no … for looking after the sick.
A. vocation B. mission C. service D. ambition
13) Not getting the promotion felt like a real kick in the ........ as I'd put in so much hard work for the company.
A) head B) teeth C) leg D) back
14) Could somebody please help me as I am at the end of my ........ over next door's barking dog.
A) tether B) leash C) lead D) rope

Part 2. For questions 36-45, read the text below, use the words given in capitals at the end of some of the
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
The twentieth-century study of Vermeer's works was gravely hampered by the activities of Hans Van
Meegeren, whose (15 NOTORIOUS) ___________ stems from a series of stunning (16 FORGE) ___________
painted in the 1930’s and 40’s. Van Meegeren exploited the art world’s ignorance of Vermeer’s early life
by painting a number of fakes that went on to be (17 AUTHENTIC) ___________ as genuine works of
Vermeer by the leading authorities of the day. His (18 DECEIVE) ___________ were only exposed in the
aftermath of World War II, when a supposed Vermeer was found amongst the numerous illicit (19 ACQUIRE)
___________ of Hermann Goering. It was soon established that he had been sold the painting by Van
Meegeren, who was arrested as a collaborator. In order to escape possible excecution Van Meegeren confessed
to having forged the picture only to find that his story was met with total disbelief. To test his claim, he was
locked in a studio with a panel of experts and ordered to produce another “Vermeer”: stunned by the (20
MASTER) ___________ of his technique, the judges released him before he had even completed the painting.

15. 16. 17.

18. 19. 20.

SECTION THREE: READING (50/ 200 points)

Part 1. For questions 1-12, complete the following article by writing each missing word in the correct
blank. Use only ONE word for each space.
The Badger
The Badger's legs are so short, that its belly seems to touch the ground ; this, however, is (1)................ a deceitful
appearance, as it is caused by the length of the hair, which is very long all (2) .............. the body, and makes it
seem (3).................. more bulky than it really is. It is a solitary, stupid animal, that finds refuge
remote (4) .............. man, and digs itself a deep hole with great assiduity. It seems to avoid the light, and seldom
quits its retreat (5)............ day, only stealing (6).............. at night to find subsistence.
It burrows in the ground very easily, its legs (7) ............ short and strong, and its claws stiff and horny. As it
continues to bury itself, it throws the earth (8)............... it, to a great distance, and thus forms to itself a winding
hole, at the bottom of (9) ................. it remains in safety. As the fox is not (10) ................... expert at digging into
the earth, it often (11) .................. possession of that which has been quitted by the badger, and some say, forces
it from its retreat, by laying its excrements (12) ................... the mouth of the badger's hole.

Part 2. Reading the following passage and answer questions.

The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-G. From the list of headings below, choose the most suitable
heading for each paragraph.
LIST OF HEADINGS
i. Some success has resulted from observing how the brain functions.
ii. Are we expecting too much from one robot?
iii. Scientists are examining the humanistic possibilities.
iv. There are judgements that robots cannot make.
v. Has the power of robots become too great?
vi. Human skills have been heightened with the help of robotics.
vii. There are some things we prefer the brain to control.
viii. Robots have quietly infiltrated our lives.
ix. Original predictions have been revised.
x. Another approach meets the same result.
13. Paragraph A __
14. Paragraph B __
15. Paragraph C __
16. Paragraph D __
17. Paragraph E __
18. Paragraph F __
19. Paragraph G __
ROBOTS
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is
dangerous, boring, onerous, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has culminated in robotics - the science of
conferring various human capabilities on machines.
A. The modern world is increasingly populated by quasi-intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice
but whose creeping ubiquity has removed much human drudgery. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot
assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with rote politeness for the
transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. Our mine shafts are dug by automated
moles, and our nuclear accidents - such as those at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl - are cleaned up by robotic
muckers fit to withstand radiation.
Such is the scope of uses envisioned by Karel Capek, the Czech playwright who coined the term ‘robot’
in 1920 (the word ‘robota’ means ‘forced labor’ in Czech). As progress accelerates, the experimental becomes
the exploitable at record pace.
B. Other innovations promise to extend the abilities of human operators. Thanks to the incessant
miniaturisation of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds
of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy - far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can
achieve with their hands alone. At the same time, techniques of long-distance control will keep people even
farther from hazard. In 1994, a ten-foot-tall NASA robotic explorer called Dante, with video-camera eyes and
with spiderlike legs, scrambled over the menacing rim of an Alaskan volcano while technicians 2,000 miles away
in California watched the scene by satellite and controlied Dante’s descent.
C. But if robots are to reach the next stage of labour-saving utility, they will have to operate with less human
supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves - goals that pose a formidable challenge.
‘While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,’ says one expert, ‘we can’t yet give a robot enough
common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.’ Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence (AI) has
produced very mixed results. Despite a spasm of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s, when it appeared that
transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to perform in the same way as the human brain by the 21st
century, researchers lately have extended their forecasts by decades if not centuries.
D. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion
neurons are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined. They
have built robots that can recognise the misalignment of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a
controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately
disregard the 98 per cent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the woodchuck at the side of a winding
forest road or the single suspicious face in a tumultuous crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth
can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.
E. Nonetheless, as information theorists, neuroscientists, and computer experts pool their talents, they are
finding ways to get some lifelike intelligence from robots. One method renounces the linear, logical structure of
conventional electronic circuits in favour of the messy, ad hoc arrangement of a real brain’s neurons. These
‘neural networks’ do not have to be programmed. They can ‘teach’ themselves by a system of feedback signals
that reinforce electrical pathways that produced correct responses and, conversely, wipe out connections that
produced errors. Eventually the net wires itself into a system that can pronounce certain words or distinguish
certain shapes.
F. In other areas, researchers are struggling to fashion a more natural relationship between people and robots
in the expectation that some day machines will take on some tasks now done by humans in, say, nursing homes.
This is particularly important in Japan, when the percentage of elderly citizens is rapidly increasing. So
experiments at the Science University of Tokyo have created a ‘face robot’ - a life-size, soft plastic model of a
female heat with a video camera imbedded in the left eye - as a prototype. The researchers’goal is to create robots
that people feel comfortable around. They are concentrating on the face because they believe facial expressions
are the most important way to transfer emotional messages. We read those messages by interpreting expressions
to decide whether a person is happy, frightened, angry, or nervous. Thus, the Japanese robot is designed to detect
emotions in the person it is ‘looking at’ by sensing changes in the spatial arrangement of the person’s eyes, nose,
eyebrows, and mouth. It compares those configurations with a database of standard facial expressions and
guesses the emotion. The robot then uses an ensemble of tiny pressure pads to adjust its plastic face into an
appropriate emotional response.
G. Other labs are taking a different approach, one that doesn’t try to mimic human intelligence or emotions.
Just as computer design has moved away from one central mainframe in favour of myriad individual
workstations - and single processors have been replaced by arrays of smaller units that break a big problem into
parts that are solved simultaneously - many experts are now investigating whether swarms of semi-smart robots
can generate a collective intelligence that is greater than the sum of its parts. That’s what beehives and ant colony
do, and several teams are betting that legions of mini-critters working together like an ant colony could be sent to
explore the climate of planets or to inspect pipes in dangerous industrial situations.
Questions 20-24. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage ? In
boxes 20-24 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
20. Karel Capek successfully predicted our current uses for robots. __
21. Lives were saved by the NASA robot, Dante. __
22. Robots are able to make fine visual judgements. __
23. The internal workings of the brain can be replicated by robots. __
24. The Japanese have the most advanced robot systems. __
Questions 25-27
Complete the summary below with words taken from paragraph F. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for
each answer.
The prototype of the Japanese ‘face robot’ observes humans through a (25) ___________ which is planted in its
head. It then refers to a (26) ___________ of typical ‘looks’ that the human face can have, to decide what
emotion the person is feeling. To respond to this expression, the robot alters its own expression using a number of
(27) ________ .

Part 3. You are going to read an extract from an article. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the
extract. Choose from the paragraphs A – H the one which fits each gap (28 – 34). There is one extra
paragraph which you do not need to use.
The fog catcher’s forest
A bare, dusty island where the rain never falls could soon be covered with trees. Fred Pearce reports.

When Spanish sailors landed in the Canary Islands in the 15th century, they were amazed to discover an
aboriginal population with extensive agriculture which they had somehow managed to sustain with virtually no
rainfall. Legend has it that the Guanche people derived all their water from a single large tree, which stripped
moisture out of passing fogs and dripped enough water from its leaves to support a thousand people. However
true the story may be, there is no doubt that the only thing stopping the Canaries from resembling the Sahara
desert, just 70 kilometres to the east, is the moisture-rich fog that drifts in from the Atlantic Ocean.
28 ......................
Sometime in the last century, the last of the trees on high ground were cut down and the land began to dry out.
This meant that across much of the north of the island, agriculture went into decline. Now David Riebold, a
forestry scientist-turned-schoolteacher who owns a home on the island, has a plan to reverse the trend. He wants
to use artificial fog harvesting to bring back the cloud forest, in what promises to be the largest reforestation
project ever attempted using the technology.
29..........................
For years Riebold watched these failed efforts by local foresters. Then he read about a successful research
project in Chile which harvested the fogs that regularly rolled in from the Atacama desert. Nets erected on a
ridge facing the ocean provided enough water for a small town. Realising that Lanzarote’s climate was very
similar to Chile’s, Riebold began to wonder whether fog harvesting could be used to keep the saplings alive.
30 ......................
On paper, fog harvesting looked like a solution to the island’s reforestation problems, but convincing the
authorities to give it a try wasn’t easy. For many years Riebold tried and failed to convince anyone to back his
idea. It took the arrival of a new mayor to finally get his scheme approved. ‘Proyecto David’, as the locals call
it, got under way, and the town authorities erected eight modest fog-collecting devices on three of Lanzarote’s
mountains.
31 ...................
This summer, having declared the initial experiment a success, the island council plans to install eight much
larger devices which will discharge water into a pumped drip irrigation network designed to keep the saplings
watered. Riebold hopes that this will form the pilot phase of a full-scale reforestation of the mountains of
northern Lanzarote.
32..............
If the initial results scale up, a new cloud forest could restore the island to its former glory. The Lanzarote
government has targeted an area of about 20 square kilometres in the north of the island, though Riebold believes
that the potential area for reforestation using fog collectors could stretch to 50 square kilometres.
33 .....................
But the knock-on effects of reviving the forests go beyond restoring the wildlife. Eventually, the forests should
capture enough moisture to help recharge the area’s underground aquifers, many of which have remained empty
since the forests disappeared. If this happens, wells down in the valleys could also refill, reducing the island’s
growing dependence on desalination, especially during the summer tourist season.
34 .......................
Whether or not fog harvesting will prompt a large-scale return to agriculture on the island remains to be seen,
but the lessons learned from harvesting fog on the island’s hilltops may be adapted for people living not far away,
and with a greater need to see their landscape green and watered. If Lanzarote can catch moisture from the air
and convert it to forests and farmland, then perhaps its famine-prone neighbours in West Africa could do the
same.

A This more ambitious scheme could be managed in one of two ways, he says. Either the hilltops could be
covered with nets to grow new forests all at the same time, or this could be done in stages with a smaller number
of nets being moved around to reforest each area in turn. After perhaps two years of water from the fog
collectors, saplings would be tall enough to collect the fog water themselves.

B The results look promising. A litre a day should be enough to support one seedling, and Riebold has found
that on some sites, a square metre of net catches an average of two litres of water each day. One site averaged
five litres a day even at the hottest time of year.

C Centuries ago, the island’s inhabitants carved tunnels up the mountainside and into underground aquifers.
These drained into collecting areas lower down. Once the island’s main source of water, they could be brought
back to life by reinstating the cloud forest.

D In times gone by, all seven of the islands had rich cloud forests that trapped moisture from the trade winds
and quenched an otherwise dry region. More recently, though, much of the islands’ forest has been lost –
removed for firewood, construction and to make way for farmland. Most of the islands still have some degree of
forest cover, but one, Lanzarote, is all but bare.

E Marciano Acuna, the local town councillor in charge of the environment, says he hopes the trees will trigger a
more widespread greening of northern Lanzarote and have an impact on the whole ecology of the region. Once
the trees are back, the quality of the soil will improve, and a long-lost forest ecosystem will have a chance to
return, providing habitat for species long since confined to other islands in the Canaries.

F Even in the hottest months, clouds form over the mountains of northern Lanzarote. As the trade winds blow
over the island the mountains force moisture-rich vapour into droplets. The surface of the mountain is too hot for
this to happen at ground level, so the fog rarely touches the ground. ‘That’s why the saplings died,’ says Riebold.
‘They never got tall enough to touch the fog and capture the moisture on their leaves.’

G Farmers would certainly benefit, as water in Lanzarote has become very expensive, and there are tight
restrictions on the irrigation of farmland. This has made agriculture increasingly difficult and, combined with the
rise of tourism as a source of revenue, has turned it into a weekend occupation at best for many residents.
H The bare hills in this region have been of increasing concern to the island’s authorities. Despite numerous
attempts in the past decade, all replanting schemes have so far been unsuccessful. With limited water supplies on
the island, the newly planted trees dried out and died, leaving the hilltops littered with hundreds of dead saplings.

Part 4. You are going to read a newspaper article which discusses alternative systems for vehicles. For
questions 35-50, choose from the section (A-F).
In which section of the article are the following mentioned?
35. __ the advantages of conventional cars
36. __ a more compact version of existing technology
37. __ a willingness to invest in new technologies
38. __ limitations concerning where a vehicle can be used
39. __ a power source associated with a space programme
40. __ recycling waste products
41. __ a negative aesthetic impression
42. __ laws that encourage the development of new technologies
43. __ the inability to transport many people
44. __ devices that function best when conditions are constant
45. __ the rate of acceleration of a vehicle
46. __ the possibility of returning to a source of power used in the past
47. __ the existence of a market for a certain type of vehicle
48. __ the ability to switch from one power source to another
49. __ a car that is expensive to buy, and that has relatively low running costs
50. __ a car can change position itself.
Vehicles of the Future
A. The motor industry is finally showing some serious interest in developing cost-effective and
environmentally-friendly technologies to power vehicles, as can be seen by the amount of money they are
spending on research and development. There are some sound reasons for this: nowadays a significant
number of people would prefer to buy a vehicle that did not emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere or
pollute the environment in other ways. But there are other forces at work in the industry as well. Governments
throughout the world are demanding restrictions on gas emissions, and the goals they have set can only be
met in the long run if conventional cars with internal combustion engines are phased out and replaced by
vehicles that run on alternative power sources. Naturally, public opinion is ultimately behind legislation like
this, which is aimed at protecting the environment. Governments, after all, need to respond to the wishes of their
voters.
B. For the last few decades innovators have been coming up with ideas for alternative power sources for
automobiles, though so far none has had a significant appeal for consumers. The alternative technologies we
have at present are lagging far behind the petrol-guzzling internal combustion engine in terms of speed
and the distance that can be travelled before refuelling. But what does the future hold? At present a hybrid
car propelled by a combination of an electric motor and petrol engine may be the best compromise for those
who want to help save the planet and still have the convenience of a car. When you start the hybrid car and
when you are driving normally, power is provided by the electric motor, which works with a battery.
However, when the battery starts to go flat, the petrol engine starts automatically and drives a generator to
recharge the battery. Similarly, when the car needs extra power - in order to accelerate, for instance - the petrol
engine provides that power. This vehicle performs respectably, though not spectacularly: it can go from 0 to
about 100 kph in around 10 seconds, has a top speed of 165 kph, and below average fuel consumption.
C. And what of cars powered solely by electricity? Here the main stumbling block has always been
storing the electricity: batteries may have come a long way, but they are still bulky and have to be charged
for long periods. The latest completely electric car, for example, has a top speed of 60 kph and a range of 60
kilometres. It takes 6 hours to charge the battery fully. But the makers claim this is perfectly acceptable for
city driving, when people are unable to go much faster or further in any case. Many cities provide benefits such
as free parking for drivers of electric cars. But these vehicles are virtually confined to urban settings,
which is off-putting, and most people find electric cars have a toy-like appearance which is definitely not
appealing. Moreover, environmentalists point out that while the car itself may not emit poisonous fumes, as
is the case with petrol-driven vehicles, this is of little real benefit to the environment if the electricity used to
drive the car has been generated by coal or oil power stations, as is generally the case.
D. First developed for use in missions to the moon, fuel cells appear to be the most serious challenger to
the internal combustion engine as an alternative source of energy for both mobile and stationary applications.
A fuel cell uses relatively straightforward technology that converts chemical energy into electrical energy
with benign by-products. In fact, the only by-products are water, which is harmless, and heat. The other
advantage is that fuel cells have no complex moving parts that need to be cooled or lubricated. But rather
than replacing the internal combustion engine as the source of power for the vehicle itself, the fuel cell - in the
view of some manufacturers - will only replace the battery and alternator, supplying electricity to vehicle
systems, operating independently of the engine. The actual drive power for the vehicle itself would still be
provided by the combustion engine. However, while fuel cells certainly hold a great deal of promise, there are some
drawbacks. They need a steady supply of hydrogen, which needs to be extracted from some source, such as
methanol gas, and this process can be cumbersome. In one model that uses fuel cells, the reformer required to
extract the hydrogen from methanol takes up so much space that the vehicle can only seat the driver and one
passenger,
E. Another possibility is represented by turbines. Gas turbines have long been considered a possible
mobile and smaller stationary power source, but their use has been limited for a variety of reasons,
including cost, complexity and size. These large turbines shine when in steady-state applications but are
not as efficient when speed and load are continually changing. However, a new generation of turbines -
microturbines - has been developed in large measure for use in vehicles. They are small, high-speed engine
systems that typically include the turbine, compressor and generator in a single unit with all the other vital
components and control electronics. A different possibility in terms of energy supply for cars is household
gas. A special device installed in a garage can compress the gas, which is then fed into the car. A gas car is
cheaper to run, as well as being cleaner than a conventional car. On the other hand, the vehicle itself is
expensive because the technology is new, and environmentalists argue that a gas car will produce only a
little less carbon dioxide than petrol-driven vehicles.
F. In the meantime, various compromises are being employed as temporary measures. For example, most
diesel cars can now be converted to run on biodiesel fuel, which is made from used vegetable oils and animal fats.
However, the environment lobby is not convinced that biodiesel helps cut local air pollution by any significant
amount. Many experts believe that the ultimate solution to the problem of reducing dangerous emissions ultimately
lies with electric vehicles once the battery technology has improved. Some experts even believe that the future may lie
with steam cars, and since the first genuine ‘automobile’ - a vehicle capable of moving itself - was powered by
steam more than two centuries ago, it could be that the wheel is coming full circle.
SECTION FOUR: WRITING (60/ 200 points)
Part 1: Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it. Your summary should
be between 140 and 160 words long.

NETWORKING
Networking as a concept has acquired what is in all truth an unjustified air of modernity. It is considered in the

corporate world as an essential tool for the modern businessperson, as they trot round the globe drumming up

business for themselves or a corporation. The concept is worn like a badge of distinction, and not just in the

business world.

People can be divided basically into those who keep knowledge and their personal contacts to themselves, and

those who are prepared to share what they know and indeed their friends with others. A person who is insecure,

for example someone who finds it difficult to share information with others and who is unable to bring people,

including friends, together does not make a good networker. The classic networker is someone who is strong

enough within themselves to connect different people including close friends with each other. For example, a

businessman or an academic may meet someone who is likely to be a valuable contact in the future, but at the

moment that person may benefit from meeting another associate or friend.

It takes quite a secure person to bring these people together and allow a relationship to develop independently of
himself. From the non-networker's point of view such a development may be intolerable, especially if it is

happening outside their control. The unfortunate thing here is that the initiator of the contact, if he did but know

it, would be the one to benefit most. And why?

Because all things being equal, people move within circles and that person has the potential of being sucked into

ever growing spheres of new contacts. It is said that, if you know eight people, you are in touch with everyone in

the world. It does not take much common sense to realize the potential for any kind of venture as one is able to

draw on the experience of more and more people.

Unfortunately, making new contacts, business or otherwise, while it brings success, does cause problems. It

enlarges the individual's world. This is in truth not altogether a bad thing, but it puts more pressure on the

networker through his having to maintain an ever larger circle of people. The most convenient way out is,

perhaps, to cull old contacts, but this would be anathema to our networker as it would defeat the whole purpose of

networking. Another problem is the reaction of friends and associates. Spreading oneself thinly gives one less

time for others who were perhaps closer to one in the past. In the workplace, this can cause tension with jealous

colleagues, and even with superiors who might be tempted to rein in a more successful inferior. Jealousy and

envy can prove to be very detrimental if one is faced with a very insecure manager, as this person may seek to

stifle someone's career or even block it completely.

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Part 2: The table below shows social and economic indicators for four countries in 1994, according to United
Nations statistics.
Describe the information shown below in your own words. What implications do the indicators have for
the countries?
» You should write at least 150 words
Indicators Canada Japan Peru Zaire
Annual income per person (in $US) 11100 15760 160 130
Life expectancy at birth 76 78 51 47
Daily calorie supply per person 3326 2846 1927 1749
Adult literacy rate (%) 99 99 68 34

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Part 3: Many parents nowadays do not trust their own children and want to control their lives and activities.
However, some people say children should be give more freedom than ever before.
What is your opinion? Write about 350 words to show your opinion.
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SECTION ONE: LISTENING (40/ 200 điểm)

Mỗi chỗ đúng được 2 điểm, tổng 40 điểm.
1. SACK OF BRICKS
2. GOING TO THE MOON.
3. FIRE FIGHTING.
4. SHARKS
5. MARBLE SLAB .
6. LUNGS -
7. LIMBS .
8. CRANE
9. ROOF OF A CAVE.
10. CONSERVATION

< Post-Presidential Debate, Author Laments Electoral 'Dissolution'

October 11, 20165:08 AM ET

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

can't compare this with any election he has covered

I don't think there's anything even close. I certainly can't compare it with any election that I've covered. In all of
the cases, you know - I started in 1976 with the - with Carter-Ford and I've covered in some fashion every
election since then, and despite whatever disagreements and hostilities and sort of superficial fighting there was
in the campaigns, it had nothing like what you're seeing this year, both in the sort of dissolution of the electorate
and in the particulars of Donald Trump as a serious candidate for a major political party.
INSKEEP: Dissolution of the electorate?
MARANISS: Well, I think that it's - in many ways it's falling apart, the American fabric is. And it's going to take
a long time to bring it back together. I think it's been a long time coming both cultural factors, political factors,
economic factors all leading to this dissolution of the electorate.

David Maraniss is with us next. He's an editor of The Washington Post, a biographer of Bill Clinton and a
longtime observer of Hillary Clinton, here to talk about what the Clinton campaign does now that it has an
advantage over Donald Trump. He's in our studios. Good morning, sir.
DAVID MARANISS: Good morning, Steve.
INSKEEP: Paul Ryan, the Republican speaker of the House, signaled this week he thinks Donald Trump is going
to lose. That's how his announcement was taken anyway. Do you think Clinton's campaign believes the election
is won?
MARANISS: I think they would never say that publicly, but I think that over the last few days, they've come to
the conclusion that all of the important swing states have turned in their favor and that if she doesn't make any
mistakes and if the campaign continues as it's gone that she's won, yes.
INSKEEP: If she doesn't make any mistakes. Let's talk about that. How cautious a person, how cautious a
politician is Hillary Clinton?
MARANISS: Hillary Clinton is strong, intelligent and cautious - all three. And also her campaigns tend to be sort
of overloaded with staff, all of whom are expressing various forms of caution to her. So I think that that's just part
of her inherent nature and also part of a Clinton campaign.
INSKEEP: There were some people observing the debate on Sunday night who made the comment that they
thought that Hillary Clinton could have gone after Trump more, could have been more devastating in that debate
than she necessarily was.
MARANISS: Well, you can make that argument. And she was criticized some for her performance in the debate,
but her main objective had to be to just get through it and let Trump be Trump. So I think that all of the
discussion about Hillary in that debate is almost irrelevant. The central point of that debate came when Trump
said that if he were president, she would be in jail. It was against everything about American democracy and
everything else in that debate should be sort of diminished in light of what - that particular statement. And so the
discussion beyond that is almost useless.
INSKEEP: Would you explain why you say that's against everything that American democracy stands for?

MARANISS: Well, it's a tin-pot dictatorship in which politicians jail the other side - their opponents - without,
you know - without going through the rule of law. Everything about the U.S. Constitution is based on the rule of
law and that just sort of said I don't care about that.
INSKEEP: And what would you say to Trump supporters who would flip that around and say, well, Hillary
Clinton is the one who disregarded the law, Hillary Clinton is the one who did what she did with emails and other
things?
MARANISS: You know, you can make strong criticisms of Hillary Clinton's treatment of the emails, but it did
go through the justice process. The FBI investigated it. The FBI director who is no friend of Hillary Clinton's
decided not to prosecute, and in every case, that's the way the American system works - or is supposed to work.
INSKEEP: Is there an election you can remember in your long career that you would compare with this election
in any way?
MARANISS: I don't think there's anything even close. I certainly can't compare it with any election that I've
covered. In all of the cases, you know - I started in 1976 with the - with Carter-Ford and I've covered in some
fashion every election since then, and despite whatever disagreements and hostilities and sort of superficial
fighting there was in the campaigns, it had nothing like what you're seeing this year, both in the sort of
dissolution of the electorate and in the particulars of Donald Trump as a serious candidate for a major political
party.
INSKEEP: Dissolution of the electorate?
MARANISS: Well, I think that it's - in many ways it's falling apart, the American fabric is. And it's going to take
a long time to bring it back together. I think it's been a long time coming both cultural factors, political factors,
economic factors all leading to this dissolution of the electorate.
INSKEEP: You spend your time now writing books rather than daily reporting which gives you longer
perspective on things. You're writing about history. Do you feel in just a few seconds that you know what this
country will need when this election is over in a few weeks?
MARANISS: Whatever it needs it's probably not going to get.
INSKEEP: (Laughter).
MARANISS: I should say. I'm sorry to say it, but I think, you know, if Mrs. Clinton wins the election and does -
and I think that it's going to be just two years of real difficulties and even worse over that period of time. So I
mean, what it needs - I mean, the healing is a superficial comment or a way of looking at things, but it's going to
need something deeper than just one election to get through this.
INSKEEP: David Maraniss, thanks for coming by. I really appreciate it.
MARANISS: Thank you, Steve.
INSKEEP: His many books include "First In His Class" a biography of Bill Clinton.

SECTION TWO: LEXICO - GRAMMAR (50/200 points)

Mỗi chỗ đúng được 1 điểm, tổng 50 điểm.
Part 1.
21. A. twisted 22. B. doubt 23. C. paediatrician 24. A. detention
25. A. press 26. A. choppy 27.C. plug 28. A. shy

29. C. emitted 30. B. justice 31. D. lining 32. A. limped

33.C. anaesthetics 34. A. culminating 35. A. vocation

Part 2.
15. notoriety 16. forgeries 17. authenticated 18. deceptions 19. acquisitions 20.
mastery

SECTION THREE: READING COMPREHENSION (75/200 points)

Mỗi đáp án đúng được 1.5 điểm, tổng 75 điểm.
Part 1.
Part 2.
Part 5.
1. but
2. OVER
3. much/far
4. FROM
5. by
6. OUT
7. BEING
8. behind
9. WHICH
10. SO
11. TAKES
12. AT

13. viii 14. vi 15. ix 16. iv

17. i 18. iii 19. ii

20.Y 21. NG 22. Y 23. N 24. NG

25. video camera 26. database 27. (tiny/small) pressure pads

Part 3.
28 D 29 H 30 F 31 B 32 A 33 E 34 G

Part 4.
35. B 36. E 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. F
41. C 42. A 43. D 44. E 45. B 46. F

47. A 48. B 49. E 50. F

SECTION FOUR: WRITING (35/200 points)

Part 2. Bài viết hoàn thiện được 30 điểm.

The mark is based on the following scheme.
1. Content: 35% of the total mark.
2. Organization and presentation: 30% of the total mark.
3. Language: 30% of the total mark.
4. Handwriting, punctuation and spelling: 5% of the total mark.
The provided table compares four important economic and social factors of four countries namely Canada, Japan,
Peru and Zaire for the year 1994. As is observed from the given data, Canada and Japan had a far better economic
and social conditions than the other two countries.

We can observe from the given information that, Japan had the highest literacy rate (99%), per person annual
income (USD 15760), longest life expectancy (78 years) and second highest (2846) daily calorie supply per
person. Again Canada was another country with a very good social and economic situation that had 99% literate
population, USD 11100 per person annual earning, 76 years life expectancy and the highest daily calorie supply
per person which was 3326. On the contrary, the other two countries had poorer economic and social conditions.
Peru had only $ 160 annual income per person which is 98 times less than Japan and they had only 68% adult
literate compared to the 99% of other two developed countries. Zaire had the worst economic and social
condition among these four countries in the year 1994 with the least adult literacy (only 34%), 130 USD annual
per person income, 1749 daily calorie supply and only 47 years life expectancy.

In summary, Japan and Canada were two socially and economically developed countries with very good social
and economic indicators while Peru and Zaire were two undeveloped countries with poor life expectancy,
earning, food supply and literacy rates.
(Approximately 238words)
Sample Answer 2:
The supplied table gives data provided by United Nations on the 4 major social and economic indicators of four
countries for the year 1994. As is observed from the given data, Canada and Japan were two countries with really
rich social and economic indications whereas Peru and Zaire were two countries where life expectancy and other
social and economic factors were very poor in the year 1994.

Canada and Japan had both 99% adult literacy rate and their life expectancy was more than 75. Besides, annual
incomes per person in these two countries were much higher, more than 11 thousand and 15 thousand
respectively. Finally, the daily calorie supplies for the people of these 2 countries were more than 3300 and 2800.
Totally opposite scenarios can be observed in Peru and Zaire. The latter two countries had only 68% and 34%
adult literates and the life expectancy was much less than the previous two countries. Finally, the calorie supply
per person and life expectancy were significantly less in these two countries. These indicators show a poor life
standard in these two countries.

In summary, Canada and Japan both had really rich life standard while it was very poor in Peru and Zaire.
(Approximately 197 words)

Sample Answer 3:
The given table depicts some striking information according to the statistics of United Nations which represents
social and economic indicators of four particular countries in the year 1994. According to provided table, it can
be seen clearly that, living standards of Canadian and Japanese citizens were far better than that of people of Peru
and Zaire.
As is presented in table, initially, annual incomes of Canadian and Japanese people were much higher with 11100
and 15760 USD per person in 1994 while people of Peru and Zaire had only 260 and 130 USD per person
respectively. In addition, life expectancy at birth in Canada and Japan was 76 and 78 years whereas it was only
51 and 47 only in Peru and Zaire.

As is observed from the given data, daily calorie supply in Canada and Japan was 3326 and 2846 per person
while this ratio in Peru and Zaire was almost half, with 1927 and 1749 per person. Again, the adult literacy rate in
both Canada and Japan was exactly same- 99 percent, while other two countries namely Peru and Zaire had far
less adult literacy rates which were 68 and 34 percents respectively.
In summary, citizens of Canada and Japan had incredibly better living standards than that of Peru and Zaire in all
indicated areas in the statistics.

(Approximately 219 words | Written by - Faisal Ali )

Sample Answer 4:
Data presented on the table shows four social and economic indicators in the year 1994 for Canada, Japan, Peru
and Zaire, based on the statistics of the UN. As is observed from the given data, Japan and Canada had far better
economic conditions than the other two countries.

According to the table data, Japan had the highest per capita income (annually over 15 thousand US dollar) while
Peru and Zaire had fewer per person income (just over 100 USD) in 1994. Canada held the second position in this
economic indicator with over 11 thousand per person annual income. Again, life expectancy in Japan and Canada
was far better than the other two countries. While Japanese population had a 78 years life expectancy, people of
Peru and Zaire had around 50 years life expectancy at the birth time.

Canadian and Japanese had plenty of daily calories supply (around 3000 calories per day for individual person)
while Peru and Zaire managed to have less than 2 thousand daily calorie supply per person. For the final
economic and social indicator of these four countries, literacy rates in Japan and Canada were far better than
other two countries. Peru managed to have over 50% literacy rates while almost a two-third population of Zaire
was illiterate.

Nowadays, many parents did not trust their own children and some of them take an action by controlling their
children’s life and also their activities.

Do you spy on your kids? If so, why? If not, why not? This is the question at hand today.
Every now and then at MakeUseOf, we’ve covered various articles about spying on your kids’ computer or
Internet use. Some examples include my article about cellphone apps to monitor kids,the review of iSpy for
monitoring activity on your family computer, Matt’s list of 4 tools for tracking activity on your home
computer, and of course many reviews of parental control software.
With all of these, the big question is always whether or not it’s ethically or morally responsible to spy on your
kids. When is there a good enough reason to do so? What’s a good excuse — their online safety? Their physical
security and privacy? Or is it never okay to spy on your kids and invade their privacy?
These are the questions that we’re going to explore in this debate. Ryan Dube and Justin Dennis face off, with
Justin taking the anti-spying stance, and Ryan taking the pro-spying stance. At the end of the debate, it’s up to
you to vote on who you feel won the debate!
So let’s get started with Justin’s opening argument.
Justin: The Case Against Spying on Kids
Today, the technology exists for parents to spy on their kids in all sorts of ways, but that doesn’t mean that they
should. I know it’s hard to believe, but children have some basic human rights as well, and I think that privacy
should be one of them.
Now of course, you want to know if your child is getting into anything bad: talking with their friends about
illegal drugs or drinking, planning to sneak out after curfew, talking to strangers on the Internet, etc. But the truth
is, no matter how intently you watch their online activities, they will find ways around it. Unless you want to
imprison your child in a room with absolutely no connection to the outside world, they’re going to communicate
with other people without your knowledge.
Let’s say you find a way to track all the websites your children visit on the home WiFi, you track their text
messages and phone calls, and you don’t let them have Facebook or any kind of instant messenger. Great. But
what about when they’re at school? Or at a friend’s house? They can still do bad things and make plans to do bad
things when you’re not around. They can use their friends’ phones or computers or public WiFi hotspots or
proxies to get around your parental controls. You’ll never be able to fully control everything your child does.
In junior high and high school, I remember the Internet filters that the school used were seen as a joke. Everyone
knew the websites and tactics for getting around them, and they still do. Censorship is never perfect, and where
there are cracks in the system, people will exploit them.
You can argue that by spying on at least most of what your children are doing, you can have some sort of control
or influence over them, but I have to say that the opposite is true. Children whose parents constantly stalk what
they do, looking over their shoulder and reading every message and Google search, those children are the ones
who want to rebel. They’ll grow sick of having no privacy and overprotective parents, and they’ll be much more
likely to attempt bad things outside their parents’ watch.
Now of course, there’s no foolproof way to prevent your children from getting into trouble. In fact, it will
probably happen no matter what you do. But respecting your children and giving them some degree of privacy
will allow you to forge a much stronger relationship with them based on mutual trust, instead of them seeing you
simply as an evil dictator who they must work to avoid.
Ryan: The Argument for Spying on Kids
Gone are the days when kids can walk free on the streets without fear of getting abducted. The communities
where children are safe to roam is shrinking. As of 2010, according to the a National Survey of Children’s
Health in the U.S., in 2010 a whopping 11.4% of parents sometimes felt like their kids weren’t safe in their own
community. Nearly 3% feel like their kids are never safe.
Take it online, and the problems only get worse. According to the Journal of Adolescent Health, 26% of online
sex offenders make use of social networks to get information about where kids live or their whereabouts during
the day. If that isn’t scary enough, consider the fact that according to the National Center for Missing and
Exploited Children, 1 in 7 kids receive some kind of sexual solicitation online at some point, and over half of
those solicited are asked to send a picture of themselves.
These statistics prove there’s a very real danger to anyone under the age of 17 on the Internet. It would be
completely irresponsible of any parent to not take an active role in monitoring a child’s use of the Internet, and
making sure that the activity taking place doesn’t leave a door open for Internet predators to take advantage of a
child’s naivety.
In 2012, I interviewed Russ Brown, the supervisor of the FBI Cyber Crimes Division in Boston. Russ advised
that in recent years the FBI has seen an increase in what they call “sextortion” cases. That is, the child is
convinced to send progressively more explicit photos of themselves, “extorted” by the fact that the perpetrator
threatens to send the previous explicit photo to friends and family if they don’t send over more photos that are
even more explicit.
The children that get into these situations are not stupid or immature, nor do they lack the understanding that
there is a very real danger online that needs to be avoided. What children lack is the years of experience that
adults have in dealing with people who may not be completely honest.
This isn’t a situation or a personality that many children are accustomed to, and the idea that someone who
appears to be so kind online could actually be a terrible criminal is unfathomable by the teenage mind. It isn’t
until the crime has been committed and it’s too late, that the child may understand the reality of the situation.
This is why it’s up to the responsible parent to install strong and effective filters and surveillance software, in
order to track what sorts of IM software the children are using, who they are talking to, what social networks they
use and who they are communicating with through those networks as well. The idea isn’t to spy or intrude into
the private lives of the child — it’s to monitor for the tell-tale signs and red-flags that only adults with years of
hard-earned life experience will recognize. To do anything less would be irresponsible, and even dangerous.
In the FBI interview in 2012, Russ said it best when he explained:
“So, is it a child or is it an equal adult with the same developed emotional capabilities as an adult? If you’re
empowering your child at the age of twelve to be on an equal level as you are, then you aren’t really a parent
anymore. Technically, they aren’t really mature enough to handle that stuff.”
The truth is, in a world where the Internet is as dangerous as it is today, a child shouldn’t have to handle that
stuff. By appropriately monitoring and blocking things that could pose a threat, you can ensure that your child
never has to do so, before they are old enough and emotionally prepared enough to handle the darker things that
life can throw at them. But by then, they will have the tools necessary to recognize the threat, and to say no.
3) I hope readers have enjoyed this article and that it has offered some ........ for thought.
A) bread B) dough C) food D) grains
4) I went ........ on a limb for you, and this is how you thank me!
A) off B) out C) away D) back
5) He ran up three flights of stairs and wasn't the slightest bit out of breath even though he's no ........ chicken.
A) spring B) young C) fresh D) baby
6) My husband just won't be told. He'll argue about something till he's .......... in the face.
A) grey B) white C) red D) blue
7) An old warehouse in Brighton has been given a new ........ of life as a youth centre following government
funding.
A) offer B) run C) lease D) grant
8) The athlete had been dropped from the team the previous year and clearly had an axe to ......... as she felt this
had been totally unjustified.
A) sharpen B) grind C) hone D) shine

---THE END---