COMMUNITY

SERVICE
PROJECT

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 Floriculture
A Community Service Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of B-tech

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

By

Ms.M.vasantha

(22HU1A3247)

Under the Esteemed guidance of

Assistant professor in Computer Science & Engineering

Department of Computer Science Engineering

TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

2024-2025 COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

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 TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by ACITE ,New delhi,affiliated by JNUTA)

Kadapa road,Tadipatri-515411,ananthapuramu (district),A.P

Department of Computer Science Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT, entile

“FLORICULTURE” being submitted by Ms.M.VASANTHA, Bearing
Regno.(22HU1A3247) in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING to the Jawaharlal nehru technological university, Ananthapur, and work
carried out him/her under my guidance and supervision. The results provided in the project
report have not been submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any
degree.

Project Guide Head of the Department

Mr.M.C.BHANU PRASAD,M.Tech.i(Ph.d),MISTE

Head of the Department of CSE….,

TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

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 Service Community Project Report

Name of the College : Tadipatri Engineering college

Department : Computer science and Engineering

Name of the Faculty Guide :

Duration of the CSP :

Name of the Student : M.VASANTHA

Program of Study : Community Service Project

Year of Study : Second Year

Register Number : 22HU1A3247

Date of Submission :

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 Student’s declaration

I Ms.M.VASANTHA, a student of CSP Program, Reg. No.22HU1A3247 of

Department of COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING in TADIPATRI
ENGINEERING COLLEGE do hereby declare that I have completed the mandatory
community service from dd-mm-yy to dd-mm-yy in Tadipatri under the Faculty Guideship of
sir name ,Deaprtment of COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IN TADIPATRI
ENGINEERING COLLEGE ,TADIPATRI,ANANTAPUR.

(signature and Date)

Endorsements

Faculty Guide :

Head of Department : Mr.M.C.Bhanu Prasad

Principal : Dr.E.V.Subba Reddy

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 Certificate from Official of the Community

This is to certify that M.VASANTHA , RNo : 22HU1A3247, of TADIPATRI

ENGONEERING COLLEGE, TADIPATRI ,ANANTAPUR under went community
service in Anantapur District from dd-mm-yy to dd-mm-yy.

The overall performance of the Community Service Volunteer during his/her

community services found to be______________________ (Satisfactory/Good).

Authorized Signatory with Date and Seal

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 Acknowledgements

The Satisfication and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible,whose constant
guidance and encouhragement crowned our efforts with success.it is a pleasant aspect the we
have now the opportunity to express my gratitude for all of them.

It is with immense pleasure that we would like to express my indebted gratitude to my

guide SIR NAME ,Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department who has
guided me a lot and encouraged me in every step of the project work.we thank him for the
stimulating guidance,constant encouragement and constructive criticism which have made
possible to bring out this project work.

I Wish to convey my special thanks to Dr.M.C.BHANU PRASAD . Head of

computer science and engineering in Tadipatri Engineering college for gioving the required
information in doing my project work.not to forget,we thank all other faculty and non-teaching
staff,and my friends who had directly or indirectly helped and supported me in completing my
CSP in time.

I am very much thankful to Dr. E.V.SUBBA REDDY, Principal and Dr. M. C.

BHANUPRASAD ,Vice Principal of Tadipatri engineering college for his kind support and
for providing necessary facilities to carry out the project.

Signature

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 Contents

S.NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.

1) Floriculture in India 9-10

2) Marketing 11-12

3) Export Constraints 13-14

4) Government Programmes and Policies 15-16

5) Demand and supply 17-18

6) Green House Technology for flower production 19-21

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 COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

CHAPTER 1

FLORICULTURE IN INDIA

Floriculture is an age old farming activity in India having immense potential

for generating gainful self-employment among small and marginal farmers. In
the recent years, it has emerged as a profitable agri-business in India and
worldwide as improved standards of living and growing consciousness among
the citizens across the globe to live in environment friendly atmosphere has led
to an increase in the demand of floriculture products in the developed as well as
in the developing countries worldwide….

• Floriculture products mainly consist of cut flowers, pot plants, cut

foliage, seeds bulbs, tubers, rooted cuttings and dried flowers or leaves.

• Floriculture industry comprises flower trade, production of nursery plants

and potted plants, seed and bulb production, micro propagation and
extraction of essential oils.

Among states, in terms of production, Karnataka stands first with a total of

253.24 thousand tonnes. In terms of area, Kerala is the leader in floriculture
with about 53.26 thousand hectares under floriculture cultivation.

Other major flower growing states are Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh in
the South, West Bengal in the East, Maharashtra in the West and Rajasthan,
Delhi and Haryana in the North.

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Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export
Development Authority

Floriculture includes cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for

direct sale or for use as raw materials in cosmetic and perfume industry and in
the pharmaceutical sector.

It also includes production of planting materials through seeds, cuttings,

budding and grafting.

In simpler terms floriculture can be defined as the art and knowledge of

growing flowers to perfection. The persons associated with this field are called
floriculturists.

The expert committee set up by Govt. of India for promotion of export

oriented floriculture units has identified Bangalore, Pune, New Delhi and
Hyderabad as the major areas suitable for such activity especially for cut
flowers.

Of the four zones identified as potential centers for flower production

namely Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune and New Delhi, the area around Bangalore
and Pune have got the advantage of ideal climatic conditions where the
temperature ranges between 15 to 30ºC.

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 COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT
CHAPTER 2

MARKETING

MARKETING of cut flowers is much unorganized. In most of the Indian

cities flowers are brought to wholesale markets, which mostly operate in open
yards. From here the flowers are distributed to the local retail outlets which
more often than not operate in the open on-road sides, with different flowers
arranged in large buckets.

▪ PROCESS IN METROPOLITAN CITIES

In the metropolitan cities, however, there are some good florist show
rooms, where flowers are kept under controlled temperature conditions, with
considerable attention to value added service

The packaging and transportation of flowers from the farms to the retail
markets at present is very unscientific.

The flowers, depending on the kind, are packed in gunny bags, bamboo
baskets, simple cartons or just wrapped in old newspapers and transported to
markets by road, rail or by air.

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• However, the government has provided some assistance for buying
refrigerated cargos and built up a large number of export oriented units
with excellent facilities of pre-cooling chambers, cold stores and reefer
vans.

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 COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT
CHAPTER 3

EXPORT CONSTRAINTS

In spite of an abundant and varied production base, India’s export of

floricultural product is not encouraging. The low performance is attributed to
many constraints like non-availability of air space in major airlines.

The Indian floriculture industry is facing with a number of challenges

mainly related to trade environment, infrastructure and marketing issues such as
high import tariff, low availability of perishable carriers, higher freight rates and
inadequate refrigerated and transport facilities.

At the production level the industry is faced with challenges mostly

related to availability of basic inputs including quality seeds and planting
materials, efficient irrigation system and skilled manpower.

In order to overcome these problems, steps must be taken to reduce

import duty on planting material and equipment, reduce airfreight to a
reasonable level, provide sufficient cargo space in major airlines and to
establish model nurseries for supplying genuine planting material.

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 Training centres should be established for training the personal in
floriculture and allied areas. Exporters should plan and monitor effective quality
control measures right from production to post harvesting ,storage, and
transportation.

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 COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

CHAPTER 4

GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES AND POLICIES

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under the Ministry of

Agriculture is the nodal organization responsible for development of the
floriculture sector.

▪ It is responsible for formulation and implementation of national policies

and programmes aimed at achieving rapid agricultural growth through
optimum utilization of land, water, soil and plant resources of the
country.

▪ Production of cut flowers for exports is also a thrust area for support.

▪ The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development

Authority (APEDA), the nodal organization for promotion of agri exports
including flowers, has introduced several schemes for promoting
floriculture exports from the country.

▪ Import duties have also been reduced on cut flowers, flower seeds, tissue-
cultured plants, etc.

▪ Setting up of walk in type cold storage has been allowed at the

International airports for storage of export produce.

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 Several schemes have been initiated by the Government for
promotion and development of the floriculture sector including
“Integrated Development of Commercial Floriculture” which
aims at improvement in production and productivity of traditional as
well as cut flowers through availability of quality planting material,
production of off season and quality flowers through protected
cultivation, improvement in post harvest handling of flowers and
training persons for a scientific floriculture. Many state governments
have set up separate departments for promotion of floriculture in their
respective states.

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 COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

CHAPTER 5

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

➢ Demand for flowers is seasonal as it is in most countries.

The demand for flowers has two components:

▪ TRADITIONAL FLOWERS

▪ MODERN FLOWERS

TRADITIONAL FLOWERS :

The steady demand for traditional flowers comes from the use of flowers
for religious purposes, decoration of homes and for making garlands and
wreaths. This demand is particularly strong in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Odisha and West Bengal, as the use of flowers for above mentioned purposes is
part of their local culture. The bulk of seasonal demand comes from festivals
and marriages. The demand is generally for specific flowers.

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MODERN FLOWERS :

The bulk of the steady demand for modern flowers comes from institutions
like hotels, guest houses and marriage gardens. The demand is concentrated in
urban areas. With increasing modernization and globalization the demand for
modern flowers from the individual consumers is likely to grow enormously as the
trend of “say it with flowers” is increasing and the occasions which call for
flower giving will continue to present themselves. Although there is an increasing
demand for modern flowers from individuals, institutions continue to be the
dominant buyers in the market. The price of these flowers also depends on their
demand and varies accordingly.

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 COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

CHAPTER 6

GREEN HOUSE TECHNOLOGY FOR FLOWER PRODUCTION

In present scenario of increasing demand for cut flowers protected

cultivation in green houses is the best alternative for using land and other resources
more efficiently.

In protected environment suitable environmental conditions for optimum

plant growth are provided which ultimately provide quality products.

Green House is made up of glass or plastic film, which allows the solar
radiations to pass through but traps the thermal radiations emitted by plants inside
and thereby provide favourable climatic conditions for plant growth.

• It is also used for controlling temperature, humidity and light intensity

inside.

On the basis of basic material used, building cost and technology used, green
houses can be of three types-

1. LOW-COST GREEN HOUSE

2. MEDIUM-COST GREEN HOUSE

3. HI-TECH GREEN HOUSE

Low-cost greenhouse:

▪ The low-cost green house is made of polythene sheet of 700 gauge

supported on bamboos with twines and nails.

▪ Its size depends on the purpose of its utilization and availability of space.
The temperature within greenhouse increases by 6-100C more than
outside.

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Medium-cost greenhouse:

With a slightly higher cost greenhouse can be framed with GI pipe of 15 mm

bore. This greenhouse has a covering of UV -stabilized polythene of 800 gauge.

▪ The exhaust fans are used for ventilation which are thermostatically
controlled. Cooling pad is used for humidifying the air entering the
chamber. The greenhouse frame and glazing material have a life span of
about 20 years and 2 years respectively.

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Hi-tech greenhouse:

In this type of green house the temperature, humidity and light

are automatically controlled according to specific plant needs. These are
indicated through sensor or signal-receiver.

▪ Sensor measures the variables, compare the measurement to a standard

value and finally recommend to run the corresponding device.

▪ Temperature control system consists of temperature sensor

heating/cooling mechanism and thermostat operated fan.
Similarly, relative humidity is sensed through optical tagging devices.

▪ Boiler operation, irrigation and misting systems are operated under

pressure sensing system.

▪ This modern structure is highly expensive, requiring qualified operators,

maintenance, care and precautions.

However, these provide best conditions for export quality cut flowers and are
presently used by large number of export units.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK

DAY& BRIEF LEARNING PERSON

DATE DESCRIPTION OUT COMES IN-CHARGE
OF THE DAILY SIGNATURE
ACTIVITY
DAY-1 We formed the group For the CSP project ,we the one
who are nearest distance to our
village formed as group.

DAY-2 We search for the title In this day ,we search for the
different title for the project.

DAY-3 Decided the final title of the In this day ,with all group
project members opinions we come to
decide the title

DAY-4 Research about title In this day we search about title

of the project floriculture

DAY-5 Gathering the information In this day ,we gather different

information about floriculture

DAY-6 Visiting group We decided to visit the locality

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 Weekly Report

Week-1(From dt…………...to…………..)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report: After knowing to do the project we among ourself had decided to form the group
and finalized about the team members.

As each group consist of 5 members we had formed five members as a one group.

Nextly we had decided to choose a title of the project.

For this we had thought and think differently as it should be aware for everyone and it should helpful
to society .

we had decided to do our project on 'Floriculture' which can be useful for all and we can have an
awareness regarding for the deforestation problem.

Next we had a research on the title of our project that what measures can we take to gather all the
information so that we can explain and present and make an awareness in effective way.

To do all these we need to have a survey regarding reduce the deforestation and visit the places like
nursery etc.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK

DAY& BRIEF DESCRIPTION LEARNING PERSON IN-

DATE OF THE DAILY OUTCOME CHARGE
ACTIVITY SIGNATURE
DAY-1 Visited the locality We visit the locality near
tadipatri

DAY-2 Gathered information about the We visited the people near

floriculture tadipatri

DAY-3 Enquire the people about the flowers Collected the information
in locality about floriculture usage
DAY-4 Gathering information about the The people information in
floriculture noted

DAY-5 Collected information from the Collect information about

working members usage of flowers by the
working people

DAY-6 Summarizing the information We have the idea about why

gathered don’t do the floriculture

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 Weekly report

WEEK – 2 (From Dt ................ to Dt……………)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report: Floriculture is one of the fastest-growing agricultural enterprises.

Because flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to our environment,
and also as objects of:
Ritual , Religion , Medicine, Romance and as a source of Food, etc….,

FACTS:

1.A discipline of horticulture concered with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for
Gardens and for the floral industry.

2.Plant breeding ,the development of new varieties ,is a major occupation of floriculturists.

3.Floriculture crops include bedding plants ,flowering plants ,foliage plants or house plants, cut cultivated
greens, and cut flowers.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK

DAY& BRIEF DESCRIPTION LEARNING PERSON IN-

DATE OF THE DAILY OUTCOMES CHARGE
ACTIVITY SIGNATURE
DAY-1 Floriculture Finally we decided the topic
floriculture

DAY-2 Information about topic We gathered about all

information of foliage plants

DAY-3 Sear ching best way to Thinking to implement the

implement the project project

DAY-4 We started the topic foliage Started the project step by step
plants

DAY-5 We started the introduction Started the information as the

1st chapter of the project

DAY-6 We are taken in foliage plants We are going through the

gathered information

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 3 (From Dt ................ to Dt… )

Object of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report: We are collected the all information about the ‘FLORICULTURE’.

We are visiting the places to implement the project and get the awareness about the foliage plants in
the society.

And fixed and finalize and satisfaction with taken project ‘Floriculture’

After that we are thinking about how to implement the project.

We find the way to implement all the topics in foliage plants topics step by step.

And finally we started our project Floriculture.

We are go through the gathered information and create awareness in the society about the
Floriculture.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK

DAY& BRIEF DESCRIPTION LEARNING PERSON IN-

DATE OF THE DAILY OUTCOMES CHARGE
ACTIVITY SIGNATURE
DAY-1 Cultivation of flowers We created a awareness in the
locality about the cultivation
of flowers

DAY-2 Conserve energy Create awareness to people to

save the electricity

DAY-3 Conserve resources Recycling the product many

times

DAY-4 study of flowers Create awareness to people

about the different flowers

DAY-5 Planted flowers How it was planted into small

objects and grow it.

DAY-6 Planning potted plants We planted potted plants in

our locality.

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 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – 4 (From Dt ................ to Dt……………)

Objective Of The Activity Done:

Detailed Report: We are collected the all information about the ‘FLORICULTURE’.

We are visiting the places to implement the project and get the awareness about the foliage
plants in the society.

And fixed and finalize and satisfaction with taken project ‘Floriculture’

After that we are thinking about how to implement the project by the step by step way of
implementing the process for the gardening.

Creating awareness about the pollution and implementation of how to reduce pollution

And how to conserve the energy by use limited electricity to avoid global warming

By the way we are implementing and we are go through the gathered information

Create awareness in the society about the gardening process in our locality.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK

DAY& BRIEF LEARNING PERSON IN-

DATE DESCRIPTION OF OUTCOMES CHARGE
DAILT ACTIVITY SIGNATURE
DAY-1 Distributed plants We distributed the plants in our
locality.

DAY-2 Finding conclusion After all doing the process we

need a conclusion and search for
it first

DAY-3 Conclusion finally we collected the

conclusion of the project

DAY-4 Explanation of conclusion we can explain the conclusion in

our locality/

DAY-5 We need a slogan We want slogan to inspire the

people.

DAY-6 Slogan for project after the discussion with my

team menbers got one slogan
and fixed that slogan

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 5 (From Dt ................ to Dt… )

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report: We distributed the plants in the locality to develop the gardening in the area

Finally we are planted the trees to inspire all to plant trees in their locality and explained the need
of plantation in the society.

And after the process of implementing the project we are discussing about the conclusion of the
project
Finally we got the conclusion of the project by the implementation of the project and by the way of
process we got a best conclusion.

Like ‘ FLOWERS FOR A GREENER WORLD’ this is the slogan we decided to our project and
motivation for the society to plant more plants in their locality And implemented the slogan in our
project

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK

DAY& BRIEF LEARNING PERSON IN-

DATE DESCRIPTION OF OUTCOMES CHARGE
DAILT ACTIVITY SIGNATURE
DAY-1 Group of project We are completed the project
and relaxed a break

DAY-2 And queries of project We discussed each other of our

team and created some queries
to understand about the project

DAY-3 After the queries After queries we got the

answers for the queries to the
project
DAY-4 Implement the queries We kept the queries in the
project and maintaining of easy
way to understand queries by
some people at the locality.
DAY-5 End of After all the we are completed
our community service project

DAY-6 The End of day Finally we relaxed and

discussion of the project how
we done.

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 WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK – 6 (From Dt ................ to Dt… )

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

Finally we completed the implementation of the project and conclusion project.

Next we need to clarify the queries of the project for some people.

We cleared the all queries of the people at the locality and noted down for the future use of
project.

And we completed the queries and finally we completed our project .

At the end of day we are discussing about how we done the project.

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COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
IN
FLOURICULTURE

Presented at

H.VANAJA (22HU1A3243)
K.VANAJA (22HU1A3244)
S.VANNURSHA (22HU1A3245)
S.VARSHITHA (22HU1A3246)
M.VASANTHA (22HU1A3247)

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 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN FLORICULTURE
Floriculture Development Project

• INTRODUCTION

Green spaces are a great benefit to our environment. They filter pollutants and dust from
the air, they provide shade and lower temperatures in urban areas, and they even reduce erosion
of soil into our waterways. These are just a few of the environmental benefits that green spaces
provide.

As we are becoming more modern and industrial day by day we are constantly harming,
polluting, moderating our mother nature.

The importance of the green surrounding is great for us as well as for the nature,humans
and the other animals and birds gets the respiratory oxygen supply from the atmosphere. Green
vegetation is the only supply of the atmospheric oxygen.

Floriculture dates back to early 1500s when flowers were grown in green houses in
holland.

FATHER OF FLORICULTURE:
• M.H.Marigowda is also known as father of Indian floriculture.

What is the introduction of green house?

A green house is a building with glass walls and a glass roof. Greenhouses are
used to grow plants ,such as tomatoes and tropical flowers. A green house stays warm inside,
even during the winter. In the daytime, sunlight shines into the green house and warms the
plants and air inside…

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Types of Floriculture:

1. Bedding Plants:

These are annual plants that have been grown for use in flower beds
outside. It begins with the sowing of seeds indoors during the off-season and the
transplanting of the plants later in the growing season.

2. Hanging Plants:

These are hanging basket plants, either annual or perennial,

flowering or foliage rose in decorative pots and suspended by elegant ropes from
the ceiling in the patio, in the doorway section, or from decorative plant poles.

3. Potted Plants:

These plants are suitable for indoor use as well as home and small
gardens. They are mainly foliage plants grown in pots, though some flowering
plants are often used as potted plants.

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4.Dried Plants:

These are flowers that are used after being dried for
various occasions. These flowers are dried using various preservatives.

5. Cut Flowers:

Cut flowers are blossoming flowers or flower buds that have

been cut together with roots, branches, and leaves for use in bouquets or
decorations. There are two types of cut flowers:
(i)"new cut flowers" and (ii) "non-fresh cut flowers," such as preserved
flowers. Roses, carnations, orchids, chrysanthemums, lilies, gerbera, and other
fresh cut flowers are popular.

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Context:
Floriculture crops include cut flowers and cut cultivated greens,
bedding plants (garden flowers or annuals, and perennials, houseplants ,foliage
plants and flowering potted plants).
These plants are produced in ground beds, flower fields or
in containers in a greenhouse. Protected cultivation is often used because these
plants have a high value to humans.
Flower crops are grown in simple to highly sophisticated ways.
These crops can be grown in soil in farm fields or in field soil in
inexpensive high tunnel greenhouses.

For years, flowers were grown, seasonally for the specific crop,
close to the market in Europe, North America and Asia. However, many crops
of the floral industry have moved to a specific climate, typically in the
mountains of South America, Africa and China, so certain plants can be grown
year around where hand labor is available.

✓ Greenery is necessary for photosynthesis, which helps to produce oxygen

for the environment. Green plants play a crucial role in the process of
photosynthesis, which helps to produce oxygen for the environment.
✓ Although the numbers in cities are relatively low, an international study
indicates that the majority of bird and plant species in cities are native
species. As a result, urban greenery serves to enhance and protect
biodiversity.
✓ This document is one of a series of five on the added value provided by
greenery in our living environment. The remaining documents take a closer
look at Residential, Work, Education and Healthcare environments.

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Gardening qualities:

❖ Passion and Enthusiasm

❖ Patience
❖ Knowledge of Plants
❖ Adaptability
❖ Planning and Organization
❖ Physical Stamina

Passion and enthusiasm:

• successful garderners are passionate about plants and gardening.

• Their enthusiasm drives them to invest time and effort into their gardens,
leading to better results.

Patience:

• Gardening requires patience, as plants take time to grow and develop.

• Successful gardeners understand the natural rhythms of plants and are
willing to wait for the fruits of their labor.

Knowledge of plants:

• Successful gardeners have a good understanding of various plant species,

their specific needs, and how they interact with their environment.

• This knowledge helps them make informed decisions about planting,

care, and maintenance.

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Adaptability:
Gardens are dynamic and ever-changing environments. Successful
gardeners are adaptable and can adjust their strategies based on weather
conditions, soil quality, and other variables.

Planning and organizations:

• This includes selecting appropriate plants for the space, creating planting
schedules,and managing garden tasks efficiently.
• A successful gardener plans and organizes their garden effectively.

Physical stamina :

• Gardening can be physically demanding, requiring tasks like digging,

lifting, and planting.
• Successful gardeners have the stamina and strength to handle these tasks
comfortably.

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 • Assessment
Environmentally friendly companies such as Green Home have developed
a rigorous approval policy that allows consumers to qualify each product based
upon these criteria as they apply to specific product categories

• Health benefits of greening

Exposure to greening initiatives has proven to achieve great health
benefits for people of all ages. Greening can alleviate stressors of an urban
environment, providing more opportunities to experience tranquility, reduce
noise, and induce cooling effects. Exposure to greening initiatives can benefit
both physical and mental health and can lead to more environmental awareness.
Greening includes habitat restoration, planting trees, food gardening and
naturalization.

• Health benefits of greening in schools

Children have been a particular focus in this area of research due to the
increasingly limited access to green spaces and nature. In urban areas, parents or
guardians may favor playing indoors versus outdoors based on the perception of
safety and concerns. For example, families who live farther away from green
spaces are more likely to push for indoor activities because of close proximity to
busy roads or construction sites. On average, children in the United States spend
about 1,000 hours a year in school. Therefore, schools are an excellent tool for
greening initiatives that involve children in urban spaces.

Habitat restoration, gardening, naturalization and rewilding efforts in

schools provide children with the opportunity to connect with nature. In a study
conducted in Finland, researchers found that adding green to the school yard
increased passion for outdoor activity as well as creativity and spontaneity in 3 to
5 year old children..

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 Benefits of greening initiatives include electricity cost savings due to
cooling technology of greening, improving the environment, providing healthy
educational space, and more learning opportunities. It can help alleviate the
stressors associated with urban climates and benefit both mental and physical
health of children.

HOW GREEN HOUSE WORKS

▪ Plants in office spaces reduce stress and improve the ability to concentrate.
▪ Office plants increase workplace satisfaction.
▪ Green office views are also associated with lower stress, which can also be
influenced by levels of daylight.
▪ The availability of green outdoor areas that can be used during breaks is
also associated with both reduced stress
▪ And higher workplace satisfaction.
▪ Research in the Netherlands and Great Britain showed a 15% increase in
productivity in office spaces containing plants.

ABOUT FLORICULTURE:

Floriculture, branch of ornamental horticulture concerned with growing

and marketing flowers and ornamental plants as well as with flower
arrangement .Because flowers and potted plants are largely produced in plant-
growing structures in temperate climates, floriculture is largely thought of as a
green-industry , though many flowers are cultivated outdoors in nurseries or
crop fields..

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 Both the production of bedding plants and the production of cuttings to be
grown in greenhouses or for indoor use as houseplants are usually considered
part of floriculture.
Floriculture industry comprises flower trade, production of nursery plants
and potted plants, seed and bulb production, micro propagation and extraction
of essential oils.

• Floral design or flower arrangement is the art of using plant material

and flowers
to create an eye-catching and balanced composition or display.
• Evidence of refined floral design is found as far back as the culture
of ancient Egypt.
• Floral designs, called arrangements, incorporate the five elements and
seven principles of floral design
• Floral design is considered a section of floristry. But floral design
pertains only to the
Design and creation of arrangements. It does not include the marketing,
merchandising, caring of, growing of, or delivery of flowers
• Common flower arrangements in floral design include vase
arrangements, wreaths, nosegays, garlands, festoons, boutonnieres, corsag
es, and bouquets.

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Design:
Principles
When creating flower arrangements, there are generally seven principles
that floral designers must incorporate into their arrangement to create a
flattering and appealing piece.
These seven principles include:

Proportion: the relationship between the sizes of elements used to create the
design (e.g., flowers, foliage, vase, accessories).

Scale: the relationship between the overall size of the design and the setting it is
placed in.

Balance: It contains physical balance and visual balance:

• Physical balance is the distribution of materials and weight across the

arrangement; the arrangement should be stable and not at risk of falling
over.
• Visual balance is the poise an arrangement contains upon first glance.
There are three types of visual balance: symmetrical, asymmetrical, and
open.

Focal point: the main feature of the design and/or the first thing that attracts the
viewer's eye.

Rhythm: the visual flow of the arrangement. This element should encourage
the viewer's gaze to move inward, outward, up, and down while looking at the
arrangement. Achieved through colors, shapes, lines, textures, and spaces.

Harmony: the pleasing combination of colors, material, and texture used in the
arrangement.

Unity: everything is placed with purpose; achieved when the other 6 principles
are in order.

• It is important to keep in mind that not every arrangement will use all
seven principles of design.
• For example, French Baroque and Rococo style arrangements do not
include a focal point. Rococo designs also disregarded proportion; they
were to be much taller than they were wide.

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 • Some traditional designs disregarded space (and therefore a part of
rhythm).
• Modern abstract designers may disregard the seven principles entirely.

Elements:
In addition to the seven principles, there are also five elements of
design a designer must keep in mind when arranging flowers.
These five elements include:
Line:
➢ Line provides the shape and structure for the design.
➢ Line also creates paths for the viewer's eye to follow when viewing
the arrangement.
➢ Lines can defined (clearly visible) or implied (suggested by changes in
color, tone, and texture).
➢ Line helps build the dimensions and overall shape of the design.
Color:
The color of the arrangement. There are numerous color schemes,
such as monochromatic, triadic, analogous, or complimentary. Different
color schemes provide different effects on the feel of the arrangement.
Form:
The height, width, and depth of the arrangement. Form also helps
build the dimensions and overall shape of the design, much like Line.
Space:
The spacing of flowers, foliage, and other materials. Space ensures
every flower is visible, and that the design is not too clumpy, constricted,
spaced out, or empty.
Texture:
The different textures used in an arrangement. Texture gives the
arrangement diversity and interest. Texture is one way a floral designer can
achieve rhythm. Textures can be smooth, wrinkled, rough, glossy, etc.

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OVERVIEW

• Flowers are a part of human society.

• They are used at times of joy and sadness and part of everyday life.

• Flowers and plants may be indoors in a sunny window, as part of the

landscape in the front yard or on the patio or deck in the back yard.

• People have been studying flowers and plants and their interaction with
humans and how to produce these flowers and plants so all humans can
enjoy them.

• Floriculture scientists throughout the world do this work.

VALUE OF FLOURICULTURE

India is the second largest flower growing country after China and is at 14th
position in exporting floriculture products. The Indian floriculture market has
been growing steadily.
• In 2023, it reached INR 262.1 billion, and it’s expected to reach INR
714.6 billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate of 11.4% during 2024-
2032.
• Notably, primary floriculture accounts for about 2% of the value of the
crop sector, with gross income per hectare almost 20 times higher than
that from cereals
• The country has exported 15,695.31 MT of floriculture products to the
world for the worth of Rs. 575.98 Crores/77.84 USD Millions in 2020-21.

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APPLICATIONS:Certainly! Floriculture has a wide range of applications.
Here are some key points:

1. Ornamental Plants and Flowers:

o Floriculture involves the cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants for
decorative purposes. These include cut flowers, loose flowers, and
indoor/outdoor ornamental foliage1.
o Flowers are used in landscape architecture, home decoration, and events like
weddings and festivals.
2. Aesthetic and Decorative Applications:
o The primary purpose of floriculture is to produce beautiful and visually
appealing flowers and plants.
o These aesthetic products enhance our surroundings, evoke emotions, and
contribute to our well-being.
3. Natural Colors and Fragrances:
o Floriculture provides natural colors and fragrances through flowers and
essential oils.
o These colors and scents are used in perfumes, cosmetics, and various other
products.
4. Medicinal and Aromatherapy Uses:
o Some flowers have medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine.
o Aromatherapy utilizes essential oils extracted from flowers for relaxation and
stress relief.
5. Health Products and Herbal Remedies:
o Certain flowers and plants are used in herbal remedies and health products.
o For example, chamomile and lavender are known for their calming effects.
6. Highway Horticulture and Urban Landscaping:
o Floriculture contributes to beautifying highways, public spaces, and urban
landscapes.
o Flowerbeds, hanging baskets, and greenery along roads enhance the
environment.
7. Honey Production:
o Some flowering plants are excellent nectar sources for honeybees.
o Beekeepers rely on these plants to produce high-quality honey.
8. Research and Technological Advancements:
o Institutes like the ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research (DFR) focus on
research, technology development, and awareness about floriculture2.
o Soilless cultivation, vertical urban floriculture, and value addition are areas of
ongoing research.

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CONCLUSION:
Certainly! Here’s a brief conclusion about floriculture:

Floriculture is more than just a branch of horticulture; it’s a vibrant industry that
combines art, science, and business.
From the intricate details of floral arrangement to the scientific advancements in
flower coloration, this field offers many opportunities for hobbyists and professionals.
It plays a crucial role in diversifying agricultural practices and contributes to economic
growth and development.

Floriculture can duly claim to be an excellent form of agricultural diversification where so

me or whole of a farm’s productive resources are reallocated into new activites.
In a developing country like India such a welcome concept of diversification is applied both
to individual farmers and to different regions, with government programmes being aimed at
encouraging widespread promotion of floriculture.
The magnitude of success in this field depends on the degree of responsiveness of farmers to
the opportunities available and offered to them.
The path to progress is smoothened by technological breakthrough, favourable changes in d
emand of consumers and supportive government policies to reach the destination of effective
generation of employment, attainment of selfsufficiency and also earning of valuable foreig
n exchange.
The modern mechanism of hitech commercial cultivation of flowers is a powerful tool to ach
ieve economic growth and development by making optimum use of local strengths and resou
rces.
Higher productivity through scientific methods of cultivation and better returns to the farmer
s, lead to higher per capita income on a national level, which depicts the quantitative improv
ement acquired through floriculture.
Enhancement in income reflects on a better standard of living for the farmers and at the same
time a decline in income inequality, poverty and unemployment i.e. an all
round qualitative improvement too, in the way of economic progress, which is synonymous t
o economic development.
Farmers are thus much better off with brighter options open to them. In most areas of East
and NorthEast Himalayas, the scope of floriculture has not been explored optimally.
A major cause behind this is the lack of awareness among farmers of the benefits that can be
derived from commercial floriculture. An average farmer, with land, mainly depends on weat
her for his volume of produce.
In the lean season, his land remains fallow and unproductive thus failing to provide a regular
source of income.
The Government can intervene here by providing suitable water harvesting measures.
A groundbreaking step forward is to introduce the farmer to ‘Service Providers’.

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They offer worldclass techniques of cultivation as per the local conditions and help the farme
r to create an alternate source of livelihood.
They also educate the farmers on the pros and cons of hitech protected cultivation with profit
able returns throughout the year without being dependent on the vagaries of nature and weat
her conditions.
The introduction of drip irrigation system under hitech cultivation is invaluable in modern ti
mes, especially in areas where water is scarce.
With the increase in cost of power and fertilizers by the day, the importance of drip irrigation
technology in commercial floriculture is immense as it not only reduces the recurring costs b
ut also provides maximum nourishment to the plants at a very low cost with no wastage of p
ower, water or fertilizers.
Once education is imparted on these lines, the Government can select the genuinely intereste
d farmers and disburse the inputs to the Service Providers to meet their needs. Care needs to
be taken during this disbursement since the mere flow of inputs to non
interested farmers would fail to serve the purpose.

It can be inferred here that educating the farmers by way of farmers’ training, farmer visits to
model farming/floriculture centres etc and providing the cultivation facilities later seem to b
e more practical than spending on the project first and then trying to educate them later – as t
he second option may prove to be fruitless.
Thus, the economic viability of this alternate mode of hi‐
tech cultivation will attract more and more farmers to invest in floriculture to improve the ec
onomic status, both on a personal and the regional level, with no dependence on the Govern
ment.
Floriculture can prove to be a farming practice where the entire family of the farmer can cont
ribute positively, thereby reducing the financial insecurity of other family members and enha
ncing self sufficiency.
The ageold practice of hunting for a job will no longer be resorted to, as floriculture will serv
e as an excellent mode of gainful self‐employment.
The State Government can initiate Floriculture Hubs in district levels consisting of Model Fl
oriculture Units, Collection Room, Grading and Sorting Room, Packaging Room, Cold Roo
m with Refer Vans etc to facilitate the despatch and movement of perishable produce to vario
us locations.
Such Hubs are instrumental in not only generating employment at the local level, but also tra
in the farmers on the techniques of post harvest management.
Once a particular group of farmers have learnt the farming techniques and post‐
harvest management, they can form a cooperative and deal with the Service Provider.

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OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION
Details of the floriculture Survey of the Village/Habitation
Attach the questionnaire prepared for the survey.

1.What is floriculture?

Floriculture or flower farming is the study of growing and marketing flowers

and foliage plants as well as flower arrangement.
2. what is green house?
A green house is a small house made up of glass walls and a glass roof.
Green house are used to grow plants.
3.what is the importance of floriculture?
Flowers attract pollinators to make seeds ,helping plants to reproduce and
form the next generation.
4.what is floriculture system ?
Floriculture includes cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for direct
or for use as raw materials in cosmetic and perfume industry.
5.what is the use of foliage flowers?
Foliage are commonly used to compliment arrangements through the addition
of greenery.
6.what is the golden rule in floral design?
Creating a visual where the arrangement is two-and-a-half sizes bigger than
its container
7. what is local gardening?
A community garden is a piece of land gardened or cultivated by a group of
people individually or collectively.
8.what is the economic importance of floriculture in India?
Floriculture contributed about 261 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy
In fiscal year 2021.
9.what are the categories of flower and foliage forms?
They are four categories of flower and foliage forms:
Line ,Form ,Mass and Filler
10. what is the future scope of floriculture in India?

A floriculturist can pursue a career in a variety of settings , including museums,

National gardens, research institutions and universities .

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 Student Self-Evaluation for the Community Service Project

Student Name: M.Vasantha

Registration No: 22HU1A3247

Periods of CSP From: To:

Date of Evaluation:

Name of the person in-charge :

Please rate your performance in the following areas:

Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest
1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15 Overall performance 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the student

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 Evaluation of community/Habitation

Student Name: M.Vasantha

Registration No: 22HU1A3247

Periods of CSP From: To:

Date of Evaluation:

Name of the person In-charge :

1. The person In-charge in the please rate the students performance in the following
areas:
2. Please note your evaluation shall be done Independent of the students Self-Evaluation
Rating Scale:
3. 1 is lowest and 5 is the hightest
1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15 Overall performance 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the superior

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 INTERNALASSESSMENT STATEMENT

NAME OF THE STUDENT : M.VASANTHA

PROGRAMME OF STUDY : COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

YEAR OF STUDY : 2024
GROUP : COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
REGISTER NO./HT.NO : 22HU1A3247
NAME OF THE COLLEGE : TADIPATRI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
UNIVERSITY : JUNTA

SI.NO Evaluate criterion Maximum Marks awarded

marks
1 Activity log 20

2 Community service project 30

implementation

3 Mini project work 25

4 Oral presentation 25

Grand total 100

Date : signature of the Faculty Guide

Date :
Signature of the head of department principal
Seal:

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