engineering 2

SETTING UP A TECHNICAL IMPORT AND EXPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:
CASE OF DEMAS INT’L SARL
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this research work titled ‘’SETTING UP A TECHNICAL

IMPORT/EXPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM :case of DEMAS INT’L SARL’’ is originally
written by me. This research work has not been submitted to any other University or higher
institution for any degree or Diploma Award.
PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE
Signature………………………… Date………………………
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE i

CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this internship report with focus area on SETTING UP A TECHNICAL
IMPORT/EXPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. Case of: DEMAS INT’L SARL submitted to
the University of Bamenda, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B-TECH) in the field of SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
,was carried out by PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE(Matricule No.411B2110668)
PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE

Signature
ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR
PROFESSIONAL SUPERVISOR
Date:
Date:
MR. FOBASSO MR.YOUMBI DESIRE

Signature:
Signature:
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE ii

DEDICATION
PEPENG’s
FAMILY
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE iii

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The accomplishment of this work required the assistance of some people to whom I’m very
grateful. I’m particularly grateful to:
Mr. Late Louis Marie Djambou, Founder and President of IUG. The establishment of this
structure is for the purpose of training young Cameroonians.
Mr. Fobasso Romeo my academic supervisor for making my integration into the IT
department easier.
Mr. Youmbi desire my academic supervisor for building up my sense of responsibility,

also for her encouragement towards me.
Mr.Fokam for his encouragement and assistance.
Mme. Pepeng Stephanie my mum for her persistent moral support in every aspect of my
education. Her love has been a major support in my life both physically and mentally.
Mr Pepeng Josue my father for his financial, spiritual support and some particular advices
given to me.
My classmates who contributed for the development of this work.
Above all I would like to thank the ALPHA OMEGA, ALMIGHTY GOD for grace, health,
strength, wisdom, love and others for the fulfilment of this work.
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE iv

ABSTRACT
In view of perfecting our professional know how , it was asked for us as trainees of DEMAS
INT’L SARL to put in place a solution that could overcome the problems faced by the company.
To solve this, we were assigned a task which was ‘SETTING UP A TECHNICAL IMPORT
AND EXPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM’. This application consist of computerizing the
various tasks related to its activities. Our objective is to present a design and implementation of an
information system that will enable the enterprise to safe time and money by streamlining and
simplifying export processes, increasing efficiency and productivity. To achieve this goal we
created a web application, modeled from the UML diagram (Unified Modelling Language); the
programming language chosen are HTML, CSS and PHP; the database management system
(DBMS) is MYSQL. It should be noted a that STAR UML tools were useful for drawing and
managing the various UML diagrams.
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE v

RESUME
Dans l’optique de parfaire notre formation professionnelle, il était question pour nous
,entant que stagiaire de l’entreprise DEMAS INT’L SARL de ,mettre en place une solution qui
pourra pallier les problèmes auxquels l’entreprise faire face , Pour cela ,il nous est attribué un
travail et ce travail s’intitule ‘ MISE EN PLACE D’UN SYSTEME TECHNIQUE DE GESTION
DES IMPORTATIONS ET DES EXPORTATION’ cette application entre dans le cadre DE
L’APPLICATION WEB qui consiste à informatiser les différentes taches liées a cette activité.
Notre objectif est de présenter la conception et la mise en œuvre d’un système d’information qui
permettra à l’entreprise de gagner du temps et de l’argent .En simplifiant les procédure
d’exportation, et en augmentant l’efficacité et la productivité .Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous
avons créé une application web modelée a partir du diagramme UML(Unified Modeling Langage
).Les langages de programmation choisir sont HTML,CSS and PHP ;le système de gestion de base
de données est MYSQL. Il est a noter que les outils de star uml ont été utiles pour dessiner et gérer
les différents diagrammes UML.
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE vi

TABLE OF CONTENT
Table of Contents
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i
CERTIFICATION .......................................................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... v
RESUME ....................................................................................................................................... vi
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................ vii
LIST OF ACCRONYMS ............................................................................................................... ix
LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ..................................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1
1.1Background of the Study ........................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Objectives of the Study ......................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.5.1 ITERATIVE MODEL ........................................................................................................ 3
1.6 plan of the work ................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2: GENERAL PRESENTATTION OF DEMAS INT’L SARL AND THE COURSE
OF THE INTERNSHIP .................................................................................................................. 6
SECTION 1: GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY.......................................... 6
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ...................................................................................... 6
2.2 OPERATIONS AT DEMAS INT’L SARL ...................................................................... 6
2.3 DEMAS competitors ......................................................................................................... 7
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE vii

2.4 DEMAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ........................................................................... 7

2.5 location of demas int’l sarl ................................................................................................ 8
2.6 Organisational structure of the company ........................................................................... 9
2.7 SECTION 2: ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING INTERNSHIP......................... 10
2.8 Organizational analysis.................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 3: EMPERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM IDENTIFIED WITHIN THE
ENTERPRISE ............................................................................................................................... 13
3.1 introduction; What is an import and export management system ....................................... 13
3.2 advantages and disadvantages of an import and export management system..................... 13
3.2.1. ADVANTAGES ......................................................................................................... 13
3.2.2. Disadvantages ............................................................................................................. 14
3.5 language and modelling tools.............................................................................................. 14
3.6 The main uml diagrams ....................................................................................................... 15
3.7advantages and disadvantages of uml .................................................................................. 16
3.8 Study Of The Main Diagrams ............................................................................................. 16
1. Usecase diagram. ............................................................................................................ 17
Case 3: use case "invoiced " ............................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 26
SECTION1: ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 26
4.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 26
4.2 WORK ENVIRONMENT AND LANGUAGES USED ........................................... 26
4.3 PRESENTATION OF THE LOGIN PAGE .................................................................... 29
4.4Homepage or Dashboard .................................................................................................. 30
4.5 import and export goods registration form ...................................................................... 31
4.6 form to add new employee .............................................................................................. 31
4.7 The database .................................................................................................................... 32
SECTION:2 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER 5 : GENERAL CONCLUSION ................................................................................. 33
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................ 34
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE viii

LIST OF ACCRONYMS
CSS: Cascading Style sheet
DB: Database
HTML: Hyper-Text Mark-up Language
MySQL: My Structured Query language
PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor
RDBMS: Relational Database Management System
SD: Sequence Diagram
SQL: Structured Query Language
UML: Unified Modelling Language
WAMP: Windows Apache MySQL PHP
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE ix

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 plan of work ....................................................................................................................... 5
Table 2 activities carried out during internship ............................................................................ 10
Table 3uml .................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 4 actors ................................................................................................................................ 17
Table 5usecase invoice ................................................................................................................. 20
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE x

TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 iterative model .................................................................................................................. 3
Figure 2 demas location .................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 3 organisationalstructure of demas ...................................................................................... 9
Figure 4 admin usecase diagram ................................................................................................... 18
Figure 5 employee usecase ........................................................................................................... 19
Figure 6clientsusecase .................................................................................................................. 19
Figure 7 class diagram .................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 8sequence diagram ............................................................................................................ 21
Figure 9 customer invoice activity diagram.................................................................................. 22
Figure 10 registration of exportted and imported good activity diagram ..................................... 22
Figure 11 login page ..................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 12 css for login .................................................................................................................. 29
Figure 13 html code ...................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 14 dashboard ...................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 15 good’s registration ........................................................................................................ 31
Figure 16 new employe registration ............................................................................................. 31
Figure 17 database ........................................................................................................................ 32
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATION
• CSS: Cascading Style Sheet
• IMEX : Import and Export
• IUG: University Institute of the Gulf of Guinea
• HTML: Hyper Text Mark-up Language
• PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
• SQL : Structure Query Language
• UML: Unified Modelling Language
• URL: Uniform Resource Locator
• WAMP: Windows Apache Mysql Php
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE xii

CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION

This chapter will deal with the background study, statement of the problem ,research
questions and so on. All this will constitute the general introduction
1.1Background of the Study

An industrial environment determined by fierce and high competition, the obligation to respect the
requirements of productivity, quality, cost and time. To maintain this balance, the company seeks
to return all existing distortion in the system moving from a principal that every problem is an
opportunity for improvement.
Exporting and importing goods is not just the core of any large successful business. It also helps
national economies grow and expand. Each country is endowed with some specific resources. At
the same time country may lack other resources in order to increase and develop its economy.
1.2 Statement of the Problem

In the university institute of Gulf of Guinea, we were given at least two months of internship in
any company of our choice as part of our training. SOFTWARE is a set of instructions, data or
programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING is
one of the most important department in all present-day companies. It allows businesses to
automate payment transactions, inventory and customer relationship management .During my
internship at DEMAS INT’L SARL, our main purpose was to solve the question :HOW CAN
THE ENTERPRISE INCREASE ITS BUSINESS WHILE IT’S ACTIVITIES ARE NOT
COMPUTERISED? By so doing, it was decided to create a TECHNICAL IMPORT AND
EXPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM with the purpose of increasing the business’s turnover
Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE 1

1.3 Research Questions

• Main Research Question: How can the implementation of an import and export
management system improve the efficiency and accuracy of import and export in Demas
int’l sarl
• Specific Research Questions:
1. What are the current challenges faced by the enterprise due to the present system?
2. What are the key features and functionalities required in the new import/export
management system?
3. How will the new system impact the enterprise as a whole?
4. What are the costs and benefits associated with implementing the new system?
1.4 Objectives of the Study

• Main Objective: To develop and implement an automated Employee Payroll Management
System that enhances payroll processing accuracy and efficiency at Davina Agro LTD.
• Specific Objectives:
1. To reduce paper work done in the enterprise.
2. To increase the enterprise productivity
3. To determine the potential improvements in accuracy and processing time
1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant for several reasons:
• For the Company: It provides a solution to current import and export challenges,
potentially reducing errors.
• For clients: It ensures and ensuring that the goods sent and received arrives on time,
thereby enhancing overall efficiency.
• For employees: It ensures that the work done by the employee is been done on time and
thus, satisfy clients.
• Contribution to Existing Knowledge: This study adds to the body of knowledge on
import/export management systems.

1.5 Methodology
For any software development project, a methodology should be followed to ensure project
consistency and completeness. Web development lifecycle includes the following phases;
planning, analysis, design and development, testing, implementation and maintenance. The
approach used for the analysis and design of this project is the;
1.5.1 ITERATIVE MODEL

Its start with a simple implementation of the subset of software requirements and iteratively
enhances the evolving versions until the full system is implemented. At each iteration, design
modifications are made and new functional capabilities are added. The basic idea behind this
method is to develop a system through repeated cycles (iterative) and in smaller portion at a time
(increment).the following are illustration of the iterative model;
Figure 1 iterative model
ITERATIVE MODEL-APPLICATION

Like other SDLC models, iterative and incremental development has some specific applications
in the software industry. This model is most often used in the following scenarios
• Requirement of the complete system are clearly defined and understood

• When a new technology is been used and learn by the development team while working on
the project.
• When there are some high risk future and goals which change in the future.
• When there is time to the market constraint
• When resources with needed skills set are not available and are planned to be use on
contract basis for specific iterations.
PHASES OF ITERATIVE MODEL
1. Requirement gathering and analysis; This phase details the business needs and system
information (hardware or software) is acquired and accesses for viability.
2. Design: During this phase, the project team receives the complete list of criteria for starting
work in a specific direction. Then, they use various UML diagrams such activity
diagrams,sequence diagram, usecase diagram….
3. Implementation: the actual coding of the system begins here.
4. System testing: ensuring functional and quality adherence.
5. Deployment: releasing, monitoring and maintaining the software.
ADVANTAGES
• There is a working model of the system at a very early stage of development, which
makes it easier to find functional or design flaws. Finding issues at an early stage of
development enables to take corrective measure in a limited budget.
• Results are obtained earlier.
• Less costly to change the scope/requirement.
• Testing and debugging during smaller iteration is easy.
• Easier to manage risk.
• Risk analysis is better.

• During the lifecycle software is develop earlier which facilitates customers evaluation
and feedback.
Disadvantages
• Project progress is highly dependent upon the risk analysis phase.

• Management complexity is more.
• More management attention is required.
• Highly skilled resources are required for risk analysis.
• Not suitable for smaller projects.
• Although cost of change is lesser, it is not very suitable for changing requirements.
• System architecture or design issues may arise because not all requirements are gathered
in the beginning of the entire lifecycle
1.6 plan of the work
Table 1 plan of work
DURATION STEPS
02 DAY Information gathering
04 DAYS Data organisations
05 DAYS Drafting of the specifications
06 DAYS Creation of UML diagrams
30 DAYS Development and unit testing
10 DAYS Integration and validation tests
03 DAYS Deployment
60 DAYS TOTAL

CHAPTER 2: GENERAL PRESENTATTION OF DEMAS INT’L

SARL AND THE COURSE OF THE INTERNSHIP
SECTION 1: GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

DEMAS INT’L SARL is a sole proprietor business and was created more precisely in 2021 with
the objective of dominating the import and export sector by name and determination. With a
foundation heavily built by the admiration of Chinese culture, the idea of DEMAS INT’L SARL
was conceived by the CEO MR YOUMBI DESIRE when he was furthering his studies in the
university. However, he worked towards this vision and later met a Chinese who accepted to be in
partnership with him. The Chinese man encouraged and directed him to well established
companies that were in the same domain. He also decided to enlarge the enterprise by introducing
computer stuff in the enterprise that is installing operating systems, selling of computers and so
on. Later-on, he got married and his wife became the accountant of the enterprise. Moreover, self-
employment and determination led to the creation of the enterprise due to the fact that he wanted
to own and direct an enterprise. He also decided to include information systems for the running of
the enterprise since the world is turning to be a world of technology.
2.2 OPERATIONS AT DEMAS INT’L SARL

Sale of computers/electronics
Import/export
Sending of parcels in Africa
Grouping
Payment of suppliers in China
Clearance
Sales and marketing
Partnership and contracts

2.3 DEMAS competitors

Demas has competitors such as:
• DHL
• EVA IMPORT/EXPORT
• GLOBAL SOLUTION SARL
2.4 DEMAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Demas int’l sarl has increase it distribution. building out enormous warehouses across Africa .and
have also created partnership in China in order to master how the Chinese functions, the
partnership made by the enterprise with the Chinese helps the enterprise in the reduction of prices
for importing products in Cameroon. Demas is also the mother enterprise of other newly created
enterprise dealing in the same domain since they are already well established and have sure
partners in different countries who manage the different processes done inorder for the client to
receive its exported products.

2.5 location of demas int’l sarl
Towards
shell vilag TRADEX
NDOGPAS
VILLAGE
SI
MARC
TERMINUS HE ROND-POINT
MBOPP ELF
I
DEMAS INT’L SARL
Figure 2 demas location

DALIP
CARREFO
UR CHIEF

2.6 Organisational structure of the company
SENIOR EXECUTIVE OFFICER
MANAGER
MARKETING DEPARTMENT GROUPING DEPARTMENT
SALES PERSON SSECRETARY 1 AND SHORTHAND

1 2 TYPIST
CASHIER
CLEANER
Figure 3 organisationalstructure
Figure of demas
2: organizationalstructure -h s
of DEMAS

2.7 SECTION 2: ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING INTERNSHIP
WEEKS SPENT ACTIVITIES PERFORMED
Table 2 activities carried out during internship
The internship started on the 14th of Febuary to the 14th of April 2024 at 8:00am and ended at
4:00pm at DEMAS We did general introductions, emphasis on dressing code, We wrote three
topics not only in our field of studies. These topics aimed at showing how the topics are
WEEK ONE important to the society and how can you go about the topic to improve in your professional life
.I also did research on my topic Setting up a technical inventory management system.
I studied the different ways we could send and receive parcels/packages around the globe. A
practical demonstration was being done in order for me to understand it properly.
WEEK TWO
AND THREE Prevention of a machine from damages by installing anti-viruses, we also opened a machine to
clean it internally (the fan). I studied how to deliver goods that has been bought online.
WEEK FOUR
I reinstalled all the necessary needed for the project development development such as visual
AND FIVE
studio code Wampserver and Star UML.
I had classes with the general manager of DEMAS on professional ethics.
Our supervisor gave us some lectures on Marketing techniques , transportation of electronic
WEEK SIX
gadgets and also how to work on excel for daily reports.
AND SEVEN
Creeping of Ethernet cables which was used for the connection of computers since we have
many computers there.
Creation of databases. However, in this week I was gathering information for building the
WEEK
system.
EIGHT

2.8 Organizational analysis

Here the SWOT analysis is used to clearly define the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats
of the company.
2.8.1 Internal potency (strength) of the organization

Strength is an internal positive attribute of the company. This refers to things which are within the
control of the company. They include:
➢ Its visionary leadership

➢ Commitment to quality
➢ Good geographical location
➢ Adoption of innovative technology
➢ Strong financial position
➢ Skilled workforce contributes to its competitive advantage in the market
➢ Services are offered at affordable prices
2.8.2 Internal weaknesses

Just as every normal company encountering some difficulties, DEMAS though striving for
perfection equally has some weak links that inhibit the smooth functioning of activities in the
institution. Some of which include:
➢ Limited market reach and resource constrains.

➢ Few of external fundings.
➢ Limited work policy.

2.8.3 External opportunities

Opportunity are external factors in the environment that are likely to contribute to the success of
the company. They Include,
➢ Expand on international collaborations

➢ Expand into new markets
➢ Introduction of new countries for import and xports
➢ Strategic partnership with industry stakeholders
2.8.4 External threats

Threats are external factors or challenges that pose risks to the stability, growth, or success of a
company. These threats can come from various sources and may impact different aspects of the
business, some of them include;
➢ Competition from larger enterprises

➢ Economic fluctuation affecting consumer spending
➢ Regulatory changes impacting the industry
2.8.5 Conclusion
In summary, DEMAS INT’L SARL is a dynamic and evolving company within the Import and
Export sector, Sales and marketing, committed to sustainable practices and high-quality services.
During the course of my internship, I was able to immerse myself in the company’s operations,
particularly focusing on the critical areas of importation and exportation through which all the
import/export operations are been carried on.

CHAPTER 3: EMPERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM

IDENTIFIED WITHIN THE ENTERPRISE
This part of the report will demonstrate the empirical analysis of the problem identified
in the enterprise that is review of literature on the subject.
3.1 introduction; What is an import and export management system
An import and export management system is a software tool that help you manage and automate
your import and export processes ,such as screening customers and suppliers ,classifying products
,generating and filling export documents ,tracking shipments, reporting and auditing import and
export activities. It should be noted that export refers to the sending or selling of goods or services
from a home country to a foreign country and import refers to the buying and bringing of goods
and services into a home country. It also help to develop a company’s import or export strategy
and operational strategies.
3.2 advantages and disadvantages of an import and export management

system
3.2.1. ADVANTAGES
• Ensure consistency throughout your company or brand. Ensures that your brand or company is easily
recognisable across marketing channels. Also help organisations to deliver messages

aligned with its core values brand promise, customer experience and a brand identity
element. Ensures that the way you present your company remains the same across all your
marketing channels, unifying the image and messages your customers and potential
customers see.
Import and export management system reduces the time it takes to create import and export
documents, Advanced software solutions, such as Impexdocs, offer automated tools for
generating, managing, and storing export document. These platforms streamline the
documentation process, reducing paperwork burdens, minimising errors and ensuring compliance
with regulatory requirement.

Increase team visibility. You can also share your ideas, suggestions and feedbacks with your
team. With this you do not only create opportunity for visibility but a room foe collaboration and
communication. Boost your visibility through cross-functional collaboration.
Using an import/export management system safes time and money by simplifying export
processing, reducing errors and delays, increasing efficiency and productivity.
3.2.2. Disadvantages
• Expensive. It is very dear to build a system like this and also monitoring and maintenance
is very costly.
• System Crashes. A major problem that frequently bugs users when they are dealing with
import/export management system is that they have a tendency to crash down which can
lead to loss of valuable data in many cases. Crashes can happen because of power outages
or other technical problems. Hence it is necessary to perform maintenance and deployment
of the system oftenly hence, increases cost .
• Fewer physical audits.

Automation of your import/export management can mean no more physical import/export
since they are time-consuming. However, physical audits are necessary to make sure that
the data giving by the client is reliable and that there are no instances of internal thefts
or that no one is manipulating them.
3.5 language and modelling tools

MODELLING LANGUAGE
A modelling language is an artificial language intended to understand and describe needs. It makes
it possible to define software architecture, design solutions and communicate point of view. For
its flexibility, the simplicity of its formalism as well as versality and performance, I have favoured
UML as the modelling language form my project.
UML known as Unified Modelling Language. Its a graphical textual modelling language intended
to understand and describe needs. This language certainly comes from software development, but
could be applied to any science based on the description of the system.

3.6 The main uml diagrams

UML includes 09 main diagrams representing particular concepts of the information system. They
fall into two groups:
Table 3uml
➢ The use case diagram which represents the function of the system from the user’s point
of view
➢ The object diagram which represents objects and their relationship
STRUCTURAL (statistic) BEHAVIORAL (dynamic)

- Class Diagram - Collaboration Diagram
- Object Diagram - Sequence Diagram
- Component Diagram - State/Transition Diagram
- Deployement Diagram - Activity Diagram
- Use case Diagram

➢ The class diagram which represent the static structure in terms of classes and
relationships.
➢ The deployment diagram which describes the deployment of the components on the
hardware device
➢ The collaboration diagram which is a partial representation of objects, links and
interactions.
➢ The state transition diagram which describes the behaviour of an object in terms of
state.
➢ The activity diagram which shows the sequences of activities of a use case or an
operation.
➢ The component diagram which represents the physical components of an application;
➢ The deployment diagram which describes the deployment of the components on the
hardware devices

3.7advantages and disadvantages of uml

Advantages of UML
UML is a formal and standardised language: It allows a gain of precision and stability. UML is a
powerful communication medium: it frames the analysis and facilitates the understanding of
complex abstract representation. Its versality and flexibility makes it a universal language.
DISADAVANTAGES
➢ Putting UML into practice requires learning and goes through a period of adaptation.
➢ UML is not at the origin of the concept of objects but constitute a major step in them
because its unified the different approaches and gives them a more formal definition.
➢ UML design process is a complex and time-consuming task.
Modelling Tools
The modelling tool we used is:
STAR UML
STARUML is as software engineering tool for system modelling using the Unified Modelling
Language as well system Modelling language and classical modelling notations .Star UML is
faster ,flexible and can be extended to accommodates other codes in the diagram. The extensive
features makes the user fall in love .If mistakes happens we can undo and make adjustments.
3.8 Study Of The Main Diagrams

Modeling an information system provides a better understanding of how it works. It is also a
good way to master its complexity and ensure its consistency. Thus, modelling is the key to the
success of a project.

1. Usecase diagram.
The first diagram drawn is that of the use case. It is a vital tool in system design, it proves a
visual representation of how users interact with a system. It is also describes as the high-level
functions and scope of a system. It is however a dynamic or behavioral diagram in UML. Its role
is to collect, analyze, organize the user's needs and identify the major functionalities of a system
IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENT ACTORS IN THE SYSTEM AND THEIR ROLES.
Table 4 actors
ACTORS ROLES
ADMIN -Display product lists
-Add, Delete and Modify a product
- Search for customers, products, scales report
- Generate invoice
-schedule delivery and pick up
- track delivery
- Search suppliers s
- Make an order
CLIENT
-See the invoice details
- conform orders
- see the bills details
- Make payments

- Add ,delete ,modify products

EMPLOYEE,PARTNERS
- Search customers
- See the payment details
- Handle delays
- Schedule pickup
Admin usecase diagram
Figure 4 admin usecase diagram

Employee usecase diagram
Figure 5 employee usecase
Customers/Clients Usecase Diagram
Figure 6clientsusecase
Case 3: use case "invoiced "

Table 5usecase invoice
USE CASE INVOICED ORDER
Objective Establish a bill
Actor Admin
Precondition The order is not established by the

system
Post condition The system registers the order
Nominal Scenario 1-The user clicks on the billed button

2-The system displays the form
concerning the customer
3- The user saves the customer Figure
information 7 class
4- The system displays a backup

message.
Alternative Scenario The user fills out the form incompletely

and the system displays an error
message.
diagram

2. Sequence diagram
A sequence diagram is used to describe the scenarios of each use case by emphasizing the
chronology of operations in interaction with objects. It shows an interaction presented in through
their "Lifeline" and the messages that they exchange presented in sequence over time.
Figure 8sequence diagram

3.Activity diagram
An activity diagram is a type of Unified Modelling Language flowchart that show the flow from
one activity to another in a system. It’s used to describe the different dynamic aspects of a system
and is referred to as a ‘behaviour diagram’ because it describes what should happen in the modelled
system.
Activity diagram of customers invoicesCustomer invoice activity diagram
Figure 9 customer invoice activity diagram
ACTI VITY DIAGRAM FOR Customers parcels/products
Figure 10 registration of exportted and imported good activity diagram

Figure11:tracking invoice activity diagram
4. SPECIFICATIONS
The specification is defined as a contractual document that defines what is expected of the project
manager by the client. It defines the purpose of the project, the expectations of future users, and
the constraints of various natures of the contracting authority
OBJECTIVES
To limit the loss of information, we have therefore decided to set up an inventory management
application. This application will allow the storekeeper to:
Register incoming and outgoing parcels in just a few minutes.
Centralize the data in a database which will be shared by all the modules of the application.
Simplify the task by allowing him to automatically consult all the desired information.
Have real-time access to information related to the entry and exit of packages
4.2. Specification of needs
Here, we will present the operating principles of the system used. We will start with the description
of the existing system then, determine the functional and non-functional needs of the system.

A. Functional requirements or needs of the system

Functional needs refer to the functionalities that the application in question must offer in order to
satisfy users. The functionalities that the application to be developed must integrate can be
described as follows:
Security management: the system makes it possible to manage the access rights of each user
as well as the menus that will be displayed according to the privileges.
Order management: this operation is established when there is a need for the customer to place
an order. The user must create a purchase order corresponding to his needs.
Delivery management: the system will allow the user to create a delivery slip for the goods
delivered.
Statistics: this function will make it possible to follow the various possible statistics according
to the type of product.
Product management: The supplier will have the possibility of Adding, deleting, consulting a
possible goods sent or received in the system.
Means of transportation. The system will give alternatives to choose means of transport that
is by land or by air for the sender of goods
B. Non-functional requirements
The non-functional needs are essential and allow the improvement of the software quality of the
system. They act as constraints on the solutions, but their consideration avoids several
inconsistencies in the system. This must meet the following requirements:
Authentication: The system must allow the user to enter his login and password to access the
system. This operation ensures system security and limits the number of users.
Ergonomics: The system must offer users an interface that is as rich as possible in order to limit
the number of screens.
The speed of processing: Indeed, given the large number of daily transactions, it is imperative
that the execution time of the processing approaches real time as much as possible.
Performance: Software must above all be efficient, that is through its functionalities, meet all
the requirements of users in an optimal way.
STUDY OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

DEMAS INT’L SARL was importing and exporting goods without any digital platform. The
existing system was time consuming since the client were to come to the enterprise to give
information concerning their goods which was done manually. The process is triggered when a
customer wants to import/export goods and his/her location is very far from the enterprise’s
location. The customer is now obliged to use a transport agency to transport the good from his/her
place to the enterprise’s location or come him/herself. This process was costly and risky because
the goods might not reach to the appropriate destination. And also when the clients fills the form
for good’s reception he might commit an error on the number of the receiver which will make it
difficult to contact the receiver in a given country. By so doing the enterprise is now oblige to keep
the goods in the enterprise’s store house until the sender comes back to the enterprise to ask about
the goods he has sent before he does correction on the receivers’ numbers. This system was time
consuming and was chasing clients away since it took much time for the goods to reach its
destination, Keeping Track of goods which we are exporting is done manually.
4.3. problem of the system used in the company
1.) Tracking of goods which we were exporting were done manually.
2.) Reduction or chasing of clients in the enterprise since the enterprise system was time
consuming, so the clients were afraid of been robed.
3.) Non-existence of a digital platform for managing importation and exportation.
4.) The absence of constant or fixed tariffs for importation and exportation.
5.) The absence of the use of IT tools in the enterprise.
4.4 Solutions to the problem

1. The establishment of a system that will allow the company to increase their turnovers and
partners for profit making.
2. Designing a database making it possible to bring out the records on the state of goods sent
and received in a short time and reducing the mass of data while retaining the essentials
3. The computerisation of import and export management by creating a web application. The
application will allow.

CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SECTION1: ANALYSIS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains one of the main purpose of this report. Its purpose is to display the completed
work. First, we will present the hardware and software environment and the various development
tools used. In a second step, we will illustrate the realization of our work by screenshots of the
most important interfaces of our application.
4.2 WORK ENVIRONMENT AND LANGUAGES USED

1. Hardware environment
For the realization of this project, we had a Dell Latitude 3440 computer characterized by:
Processor; Intel®Core™ i5-4200u Cpu@1.60GHZ
Installed memory(RAM); 8:00GB
System type; 64-bit operating system, x64based processor
5 Software environment
STAR UML
Star UML is a software engineering tool for system modeling using the Unified Modeling
Language, as well as System Modeling Language, and classical modeling notations. Star UML
is faster, flexible, and can be extended to accommodate other codes in the diagram. If mistakes
happen, we can undo and make adjustments.

WAMPSERVER
WAMPSERVER is a WAMP-like web development platform allowing PHP scripts to

run locally. Wamp Server is not in itself a software, but an environment comprising
three servers (Apache, MySQL and Maria DB), a script interpreter (PHP), as well as
PHP My Admin for Web administration of MySQL databases.
VISUAL STUDIO CODE
Visual studio code is an extensible code editor developed by Microsoft for Windows. It
supports many languages (HTML, CSS, PHP, JS, etc.), which allowed us to create our
software.
BOOSTRAP
BOOSTRAP is a CSS Framework that helped us to create our interfaces (views).
1. Languages used
HTML

HTML is a markup language designed to represent web pages. It is often arranged with
the programming language JavaScript and CSS to achieve an optimal result.
CSS or Cascading Style Sheet in French allows the formatting of web pages
and is commonly used in the design of website.
JavaScript is a scripting language primarily used in interactive web pages and as

such is an essential part of web applications.
With HTML and CSS technologies, JavaScript is at the heart of the languages used by web
developers.
PHP is a free programming language, mainly used to produce dynamic web pages
via an http server, but can also run like any locally interpreted language. It is an imperative
object-oriented language.
SQL is a standardized computer language used to operate relational databases.

The SQL data manipulation language part allows to search, add, modify or delete data in
relational database
This part will present the application and show the important parts of snapped pictures of the
system.

4.3 PRESENTATION OF THE LOGIN PAGE
Figure 11 login page
This figure gives the authentication overview of each user after opening the application. Once the
authentication has been successful, we give access to the interface that concerns our user you are
asked to enter your email address and your password.
The coding part css and html :
Figure 12 css for login

Figure 13 html code
4.4Homepage or Dashboard
After logging in, the home page looks like this:
Figure 14 dashboard

4.5 import and export goods registration form

The form that is to be filled by the client.This form consist of all neccesary informations needed
by the employee concerning the products that needs to be imported or exported.There is also a
search bar for quick searching.
Figure 15 good’s registration
4.6 form to add new employee

A form that is to be filled by new employees.
Figure 16 new employe registration

4.7 The database
Figure 17 database
SECTION:2 RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The establishment of a system that will allow the company to increase their turnovers and
partners for profit making since the enterprise activities are not computerised ,they are
manually done which consumes time and can lead to many unwanted errors.
2. Designing a database making it possible to bring out the records on the state of goods sent
and received in a short time and reducing the mass of data while retaining the essentials

CHAPTER 5 : GENERAL CONCLUSION
The main purpose of my internship was to apply what will studied theorically in the practical form
in an enterprise. The objective of the project was to create an IEMS for Demas int’l sarl which will
help the enterprise to have a digitalise platform and computerise its activities in the field of import
and export in order to ease their work that is the reduction of manual work done and increase their
outputs. The difficulties we faced during the realization of the project was data consumption, slow
network. Thanks to our application, the company will now be able to reduce time consumption,
reduce paper work, computerise their activities, which will lead to the increase in customers thus
increase in output. For the realization of our application, we used the UML modeling language.
The design of the system was made using the UML language; and used the iterative model
(Software development Lifecycle SDLC) for the methodology the implementation of the
application was carried out under Visual Studio Code using html,CSS,bootsrap,php,Mysql.
However, some difficulties where encountered during the realisation of the project Poor internet
connection: Since most of our studies and research was done online, we had difficulties in
downloading videos. However, to solve this problem we preferred to use our data instead of the
enterprise’s data,difficulties in choosing an appropriate web server: WE first of all choose the
WAMP server, we saw later that XAMP server was more efficient.
To conclude, the research carried out throughout our work allowed us to consolidate our
knowledge in the field of Import and export management but also the acquisition and enrichment
of new knowledge in other fields such as UML and reporting, bootstrap etc

REFERENCE
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• https://www.google.com/search?q=staruml&sxsrf=AB5stBhCn9VnuelxgFirhOa-
iG6WoLWpTA%3A1688885765877&ei=BVqqZLKMNcmT9u8P1LG78A0&oq=st&gs_
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• https://www.linkedin.com
• https://codehalweb.com
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• https://www.google.com
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org
• Export/import procedure and documentation(Thomas,2002,p.30)
• Understanding global trade (Helpman,2022,p.22).
• Mastering import and export management(Kelly,2017.p.25)
• Building an Import/export business (Weiss,2002,p.30)

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SETTING UP A TECHNICAL IMPORT AND EXPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:

CASE OF DEMAS INT’L SARL

I hereby declare that this research work titled ‘’SETTING UP A TECHNICAL

PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE i

PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE

MR. FOBASSO MR.YOUMBI DESIRE

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE ii

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE iii

Mr. Youmbi desire my academic supervisor for building up my sense of responsibility,

Mr.Fokam for his encouragement and assistance.

My classmates who contributed for the development of this work.

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE iv

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE v

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE vi

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE vii

2.4 DEMAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ........................................................................... 7

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE viii

CSS: Cascading Style sheet

HTML: Hyper-Text Mark-up Language

MySQL: My Structured Query language

PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor

RDBMS: Relational Database Management System

SD: Sequence Diagram

SQL: Structured Query Language

UML: Unified Modelling Language

WAMP: Windows Apache MySQL PHP

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE ix

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE x

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE xi

• CSS: Cascading Style Sheet

• IMEX : Import and Export

• IUG: University Institute of the Gulf of Guinea

• HTML: Hyper Text Mark-up Language

• PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

• SQL : Structure Query Language

• UML: Unified Modelling Language

• URL: Uniform Resource Locator

• WAMP: Windows Apache Mysql Php

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE xii

CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE 1

1.3 Research Questions

1.4 Objectives of the Study

1.5 Significance of the Study

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE 2

1.5.1 ITERATIVE MODEL

Figure 1 iterative model

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE 3

• Requirement of the complete system are clearly defined and understood

PHASES OF ITERATIVE MODEL

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE 4

• Project progress is highly dependent upon the risk analysis phase.

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE 5

CHAPTER 2: GENERAL PRESENTATTION OF DEMAS INT’L

SECTION 1: GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY

2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

2.2 OPERATIONS AT DEMAS INT’L SARL

Written by : PEPENG METIEKAM LA FORTUNE 6

2.3 DEMAS competitors

2.4 DEMAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

receive its exported products.