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Lecture-7
Lecture-7
COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT
What is Combinational Circuits? :
It is logical circuits, the output at any
time depends on the logic levels at the
input at that instant only.
It does not depend on the past
condition.
A combinational circuit transforms
binary information from the given
output data to the required output data.
Half Adder :
A half adder is a combinational circuit
adds two binary bits.
Block diagram of half adder is as given
below.
sum
A S
Inputs
H /A carry
B C
Input Output
A B Carry Sum
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0
S=A’B+AB’
C=AB
K-MAP for Half Adder:
B B
A 0 1 A 0 1
0 1 0
1 1 1 1
S=A'B+AB'
Carry C=AB
Full Adder :
A full adder is a combinational circuit
that performs the arithmetic sum of
three input bits.
It consists three inputs and two outputs.
When we want to add two binary
numbers each having two or more bits
the LSB (Least Significant Bit) can be
added by using a half adder.
Block diagram of full adder is as given
below:
Full Adder Diagram :
sum
Ci S
A
Inputs F /A carry
B C
S=A’BC’+AB’C’+A’B’C+ABC
C=ABC’+A’BC+AB’C+ABC
Full Adder Design:
ABC
C
K-MAP for Full Adder:
K-Map for Sum
AB
Ci 00 01 11 10
0 1 1
1 1 1
K-Map for Carry
AB
Ci 00 01 11 10
0 1
1 1 1 1
Full Adder circuit after k map simplification:
Full Adder circuit using two half adders:
S=A’BC’+AB’C’+A’B’C+ABC
=A’BC’+A’B’C+ABC+ AB’C’
=A’(BC’+B’C)+A(BC+B’C’)
=A’(B(XOR)C)+A(B(XNOR)C)
= A’(B(XOR)C)+ A(B(XOR)C)’
= (AXOR(B(XOR)C))
Full Adder circuit using two half adders:
C=ABC’+A’BC+AB’C+ABC
=AB’C+A’BC+ABC+ ABC’
=C(AB’+A’B)+AB(C+C’)
=C(AXORB)+AB
Full Adder circuit using two half adders:
Comparison between Half Adder and
Full Adder
Half Adder Full Adder
1. It is used for 2 bit 1. It is used for Multi
addition. bit addition.
2. One Ex-OR/OR gate 2. Two Ex-OR/OR
and one AND gate are gates and Multiple
used. AND gates are used.
3. Output is the sum 3. Output is the sum
of two signals. of three signals.
4. Circuit is simple. 4. Circuit is
complicated.
Half Sub tractor :
Binary sub tractor can be made using
half sub tractor. Block diagram is shown
below:
Difference D
A
Inputs Half
B
Sub tractor Borrow
B
Input Output
A B Borrow B Difference D
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 0 0
D=A’B+AB’
B=A’B
Half Sub tractor’ Truth table:
From the truth table we can write the
sum of product expression for difference
D and borrow B.
Half sub tractor using Ex-OR gate.
D=A’B+AB’
B=A’B Difference
A
B D
Borrow
B
K-MAP for Half Subtractor:
A B
B 0 1 A 0 1
0 1 0
1 1 1 1
D=A'B+AB'
B=A'B
Circuit for Half Sub tractor:
A
Difference
B
D
Borrow
B
D=A'B+AB'
B=A'B
Full Sub tractor :
Block diagram is shown below:
Difference
Bi D
A Full
Inputs Sub tractor
B Borrow
B
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
Full Sub tractor Circuit:
ABC
Difference
D
Borrow
B
K-MAP for Full Subtractor:
K-Map for Sub
AB
Ci 00 01 11 10
0 1 1
1 1 1
K-Map for Borrow
AB
Ci 00 01 11 10
0 1
1 1 1 1
Full Sub tractor using two half sub
tractor :
Block diagram of full sub tractor using
two half sub tractor is shown below:
Difference
A D
B
Inputs H/S1 D
Bi H/S2 Borrow B
Block diagram of Full Sub tractor using two half sub tractor
Parallel binary adder: