“Assignment # 1”

“BC; 230205366”

“MTH (202)”

Question # 1:
Use a truth table to determine whether the arguments are valid or not.

This real number is rational, or it is irrational.

This real number is not rational.

∴ This real number is irrational.

Solution:
1. This real number is rational, or it is irrational: PvQ .
2. This real number is not rational. P.
3. The real number is irrational: Q .

P Q PvQ P Q

T T T F T

T F T F F

F T T T T

F F F T F

The argument is valid if every time both premises are true(PvQ∧ P), the conclusion Q is also
true.

In the third row of the table, both premises are true, and the conclusion is also true. Therefore,
the argument is valid as there is no instance where both premises are true and the conclusion is
false.

Question # 2:
Construct a circuit for the Boolean expression (𝑃 ∧ 𝑄) ∨∼ 𝑅.

Solution:
Question # 3:
Use the truth tables to determine whether the statement (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ∨ (∼ 𝑝 ∨ (𝑝 ∧ ∼ 𝑞)) is tautologies
or a contradiction.

Solution:
P Q P
Q
P Q PQ Pv ( P Q)
Q
( P ) v Pv ( P Q)

T T T F F F F T

T F F F T T T T

F T F T F F T T

F F F T T F T T

Hence (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ∨ (∼ 𝑝 ∨ (𝑝 ∧ ∼ 𝑞)) = T

Question # 4:
Prove the identities by using Membership table:

I. (𝐴 𝑐 ) 𝑐 = 𝐴
II. 𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = A

Solution # 1:
 A C
A
c
( A¿¿ c) ¿
1 0 1
0 1 0

Solution # 2:
A B A∪B A ∩( A ∪ B)
1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0