health-care-introduction-

Licensed to: iChapters User
INTRODUCTION TO
HEALTH CARE
THIRD EDITION
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Supplements At-A-Glance
SUPPLEMENT WHAT IT IS WHAT’S IN IT
StudyWARE™ CD-ROM Software program ● Quizzes with immediate feedback

(CD-ROM in the back ● Health-related videos
of the book) ● Career skills videos
● Anatomy and pathology animations
● Math tutorials
● Interactive games
● Crossword puzzles
● Case studies
Workbook Print ● Vocabulary review

● Review questions
● Critical thinking scenarios
● Image labeling
● Skill assessment checklists
Mobile Media Mobile downloads Mobile downloads with audio for directional terms,
terms related to the structure and function of the
body, and terms related to common conditions.
Instructor Resources CD-ROM ● Electronic Instructor’s Manual files

● Electronic testbank
● Slide presentation created in PowerPoint® with
full-color art, animations, and video clips
● Textbook and workbook answer keys
WebTutor Advantage Web access ● On Blackboard platform (other platforms available

upon request)
● Content and quizzes linked to each chapter
● Comprehensive glossary
● Video clips and animations
● StudyWARE™ interactive games
● Slide presentations created in PowerPoint®
● Discussion questions
● Mid-term and Final exams
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed
content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right
to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For
valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate
formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for
materials in your areas of interest.
Introduction to Health Care, Third Edition © 2012, 2007, 2002 Delmar Cengage Learning
Dakota Mitchell and Lee Haroun
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
Vice President, Career and Professional may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means
Editorial: Dave Garza graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying,
Director of Learning Solutions: Matthew Kane recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks,
Acquisitions Editor: Matthew Seeley or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section
107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written
Managing Editor: Marah Bellegarde permission of the publisher.
Senior Product Manager: Debra Myette-Flis
Editorial Assistant: Samantha Zullo
For product information and technology assistance, contact us at
Vice President, Career and Professional
Professional & Career Group Customer Support, 1-800-648-7450
Marketing: Jennifer Baker
Executive Marketing Manager: Wendy For permission to use material from this text or product,
Mapstone submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions.
Senior Marketing Manager: Kristin McNary Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to
Associate Marketing Manager: Jonathan permissionrequest@cengage.com
Sheehan
Production Director: Carolyn S. Miller
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010943124
Senior Content Project Manager: Kenneth
McGrath
ISBN-13: 978-1-435-48755-0
Senior Art Director: Jack Pendleton ISBN-10: 1-4354-8755-9
Technology Project Manager: Patricia Allen
Delmar
5 Maxwell Drive
Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919
USA
Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd.
For your lifelong learning solutions, visit delmar.cengage.com
Visit our corporate website at cengage.com
NOTICE TO THE READER

Publisher does not warrant or guarantee any of the products described herein
or perform any independent analysis in connection with any of the product
information contained herein. Publisher does not assume, and expressly
disclaims, any obligation to obtain and include information other than that
provided to it by the manufacturer. The reader is expressly warned to consider
and adopt all safety precautions that might be indicated by the activities
described herein and to avoid all potential hazards. By following the instructions
contained herein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such
instructions. The publisher makes no representations or warranties of any kind,
including but not limited to, the warranties of fitness for particular purpose or
merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the
material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect
to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential,
or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the readers’ use of, or
reliance upon, this material.
Printed in the United States of America

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11
CONTENTS
Preface xi Aging Population 45
About the Authors xviii Increasing Costs 45
Acknowledgments xix Health Care Facilities and Services 46
About this Book xx Hospitals 47
How to Use the StudyWARE™ Ambulatory Services 48
CD-ROM xxii Long-Term Care Facilities 48
Home Health Care Providers 49
Hospice 50
UNIT 1: HEALTH CARE TODAY Consolidation of Health Care Services 50
Government Health Services 50
Chapter 1
New Approaches to Health Care 51
Your Career in Health Care 3
Wellness 52
Your Future in Health Care 4
Complementary and Alternative
Essential Qualities of Health Care Medicine 52
Professionals 5
Challenges in Health Care Today 56
Standards for Health Care Professionals 5
Access to Health Care 56
Occupational Profiles 7 Social Conditions 57
Therapeutic and Treatment Occupations 7 Maintaining the Quality of Care 57
Diagnostic Occupations 20 Public Health Concerns 58
Health Information Management Personal Responsibility for Health 58
Occupations 24
Implications for Health Care Professionals 59
Environmental Occupations 26
Getting Off to a Good Start 28
Learning to Think Like a Health Care Chapter 3
Professional 28 Ethical and Legal Responsibilities 61
Establishing Good Work Habits 31 The Purpose of Ethics 62
Getting the Most from Your Studies 32 Ethics and Health Care 62
Learning for Mastery 32 Professional Codes of Ethics 64
Returning Adult Learners 33 Personal Values 65
Ethics and the Law 66
Chapter 2
Guiding Principles of Health Care
Current Health Care Systems Ethics 66
and Trends 35 Preserve Life 68
The Health Care Industry Today 36 Do Good 70
Technological Advancements 36 Respect Autonomy 70
Specialization 44 Uphold Justice 73
vi CONTENTS
Be Honest 75 Apothecary System 117

Be Discreet 76 Converting Systems of Measurement 118
Keep Promises 78 Temperature Conversion 119
Do No Harm 79
Handling Ethical Dilemmas 80
UNIT 3: THE HUMAN BODY
Who Decides? 81
Chapter 6
UNIT 2: THE LANGUAGE Organization of the Human Body 125
OF HEALTH CARE The Basis of Life 126
Cells 128
Chapter 4 Tissues 128
Medical Terminology 85 Describing the Body 130
Importance of Medical Terminology 86 Body Planes 130
The Building Blocks of Medical Directional Terms 130
Language 86 The Body Cavities 130
Word Roots and Combining Forms 86 Abdominal Descriptions 132
Suffixes 87
Prefixes 88
Chapter 7
Structure and Function
Deciphering Medical Terms 93
of the Human Body 137
Spelling and Pronunciation 93
The Importance of Anatomy and Physiology 138
Medical Abbreviations and Symbols 95
Genetics 139
Medical Dictionary 97
The Systems of the Body 139
Mastering Medical Terminology 97
Systems for Movement and Protection 139
Systems for Providing Energy
Chapter 5
and Removing Waste 150
Medical Math 101
Systems for Sensing, Coordinating,
Importance of Math in Health Care 102 and Controlling 164
Math Anxiety 102 Systems for Producing New Life 177
Basic Calculations 103
Whole Numbers 104 Chapter 8
Decimals 105 Growth and Development 185
Fractions 107 Knowing Your Patient 186
Percentages 108 Life Stages 187
Ratios 108 Prenatal 188
Converting Decimals, Fractions, Infancy 190
Percentages, and Ratios 108 Toddler 190
Rounding Numbers 108 Preschooler 191
Solving Problems with Proportions 110 School-Age Child 191
Estimating 111 Adolescence 192
Military Time 111 Young Adulthood 192
Roman Numerals 113 Middle Adulthood 193
Angles 114 Later Adulthood 193
Systems of Measurement 115 Care Considerations 195
Household System 115 Future Trends 197
Metric System 116 Death And Dying 197
CONTENTS vii
UNIT 4: PERSONAL Workplace Violence 264

AND WORKPLACE SAFETY Fire and Electrical Hazards 266
Chemical Hazards 270
Chapter 9 Radiation Hazards 270
Body Mechanics 205 Infectious Waste 271
The Importance of Prevention 206 Oxygen Hazards 271
General Guidelines 207 Emergency Disaster Plan 271
Back Belts 211 Bioterrorism 272
Computers and Ergonomics 212 Triage 273
Use of a Mouse as Pointing Device 212
Visual Problems 214
Chapter 10
UNIT 5: BEHAVIORS
Infection Control 217 FOR SUCCESS
Importance of Infection Control in Health Care 218
Chapter 12
Microbiology 219
Lifestyle Management 277
Types of Microbes 220
Importance of a Healthy Lifestyle 278
Chain of Infection 223
Habits and Health 279
Scope of the Problem 224
Diet and Nutrition 279
Regulatory Agencies 224
Types of Diets 281
Prevention through Asepsis 225
Organic Foods 283
Breaking the Chain of Infection 225
Maintaining a Normal Weight 284
Standard Precautions 226
Eating Disorders 285
Personal Protective Equipment 226
Physical Activity 286
Transmission Precautions 235
Sleep 286
Neutropenic Precautions 239
Antiseptics, Disinfectants, and Sterilization 240 Preventive Measures 287
Surgical Asepsis 240 Stress in Modern Life 287
The Risks 244 External and Internal Stressors 288
Hepatitis B 244 Dealing with Stress 288
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 248 Minimizing Health Risks 292
Tuberculosis 249 Smoking 292
Other Infectious Organisms 251 Substance Abuse 292
Drug-Resistant Organisms 251 Occupational Hazards 293
Reporting accidental Exposure 256 Safe Sex 293
Burnout 294
Chapter 11 Helping Patients Develop Healthy Lifestyles 294
Environmental Safety 259
Importance of Environmental Safety Chapter 13
in Health Care 260 Professionalism 297
General Safety Guidelines 260 The Meaning of Professionalism 298
Moving Safely 260 Professional Attitude 298
Dressing for Safety 262 Professional Behaviors 299
Working Safely with Patients 262 Professional Health Care Skills 300
Protecting Yourself and Others 262 Professional Appearance 300
Reporting for Safety 264 Professional Distance 301
viii CONTENTS
Handling Difficult Situations Professionally 301 Patients with Special Needs 346
Professional Acceptance of Criticism 301 Patients Who Are Terminally III 346
Professional Organizations 302 Patients Who Are in Pain, Medicated,
Professional Leadership 303 Confused, or Disoriented 347
Patients Who Have Hearing, Visual,
Chapter 14 or Speech Impairments 347
Lifelong Learning 305 Patients Who Are Angry 348
Importance of Lifelong Learning 306 Patients Who Do Not Speak English 348
Keeping Up with Changes in Health Care 306 Special Applications of Communication
Skills 349
Continuing Education Units 308
Telephone Communication 349
Ways to Earn CEUs 308
Patient Education 350
Self-Directed Learning 310
Group Presentations 351
Gossip and Patient Privacy 352
UNIT 6: COMMUNICATION
IN THE HEALTH CARE SETTING Chapter 17
Written Communication 355
Chapter 15 Written Communication: A Vital Link
The Patient as an Individual 315 in Health Care 356
Patients as Individuals 316 The Components of Good Writing 357
Philosophy of Individual Worth 316 Organizing Content 357
Dealing with Prejudice 317 Spell Your Way to Success 359
Grammar at a Glance 359
The Meaning of Culture 317
Individuals and Culture 318 Business Letters 364
Dominant Culture 319 Using Form Letters 364
Writing Effective Letters 364
Health Care Beliefs 322
Business Letter Formats 365
Religious Beliefs and Health 322
Harmony and Health 323 Preparing Letters for Mailing 365
Herbs and Plant Medicines 324 Memos 365
Determining Individual Needs 325 Meeting Agendas 370
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs 325 Minutes of Meetings 370
Patient Needs 327 Patient Education Materials 371
Physiological Needs 327 Confidentiality of Written Materials 371
Safety and Security Needs 327 Proofreading Written Work 371
Love and Affection Needs 327
Self-Esteem Needs 328 Chapter 18
Self-Actualization Needs 328 Computers and Technology
Defense Mechanisms 329 in Health Care 375
Dealing with Loss 330 Computers in Health Care 376
Information Management 377
Chapter 16 Electronic Medical Records 379
The Communication Process 335 Creation of Documents 381
Importance of Communication Spreadsheets 382
in Health Care 336 Diagnostics 383
Communication and Patient Well-Being 337 Treatment 386
The Communication Process 337 Patient Monitoring 387
The Six Steps of the Communication Process 338 Research 388
CONTENTS ix
Education 389 Chapter 21

Communication 389 Emergency Procedures 443
Telemedicine 392 Emergency Situations 444
Telepharmacies 392 When an Emergency Occurs 445
Virtual Communities 393 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 446
Computer Basics 393 First Aid Procedures 446
Computer Hardware 393 Allergic Reactions 447
Storing Information 394 Bleeding and Wounds 449
Computer Software 394 Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries 452
Using Computers Effectively 394 Injuries to Facial Structures 454
Computer Security 395 Burns 454
Maintaining the Human Touch 396 Drug Abuse 461
Learning More about Computers 396 Poisoning 462
Temperature-Related Illness 463
Chapter 19 Other Conditions 467
Documentation and Bandaging 467
Medical Records 399
Medical Documentation 400
UNIT 8: BUSINESS OF CARING
Purposes of Medical Documentation 400
Characteristics of Good Medical Chapter 22
Documentation 401
Controlling Health Care Costs 483
Making Corrections on Medical
Paying for Health Care 484
Documentation 402
Managed Care 485
Contents of the Medical Record 403
Government Programs 486
Progress Notes 404
Controlling Organizational Costs 489
Electronic Medical Records (EMR) 406
Health Care Professionals’ Impact on Costs 489
Personal Health Record (PHR) 406
Personal Efficiency 491
HIPAA 407
Acting with Thought 491
Chapter 23
UNIT 7: HEALTH CARE SKILLS Performance Improvement and
Chapter 20 Customer Service 495
Physical Assessment 413 Quality of Care 496
General Assessment 414 Quality Improvement 497
Noting Variances from Normal 415 Customer Service 499
General Survey 415 Customer Satisfaction 501
Psychosocial Assessment 416 Internal Customers 503
Physical Assessment 416
Pain Assessment 418 UNIT 9: SECURING
ADL Assessment 419 AND MAINTAINING EMPLOYMENT
Vital Signs 419
Temperature 419 Chapter 24
Pulse 425 Job Leads and the Resume 509
Respirations 430 Overview of the Job Search 510
Blood Pressure 431 What Do You Have to Offer? 510
Height and Weight 435 What Are Your Expectations? 511
x CONTENTS
Organizing Your Time 511 Go Beyond the Minimum 553

Organizing Your Space 512 Learn from Role Models and Mentors 554
Projecting a Professional Image 512 Employment Laws 554
Finding Job Leads 512 Grievances 556
Career Service Center 512 Sexual Harassment 556
Community Career Centers 513 Tracking Your Progress 556
Networking 513 Moving On 557
Clinical Experience 514 If You are Fired 558
Cold Calls and Visits 514 Professional Development 560
Job Fairs and Orientations 515
Ads for Job Openings 515 Appendix 1
Telephone Joblines 515 Health Care Professional
Internet 516 Organizations 563
The Resume 517 Therapeutic and Treating Occupations 563
Resume Contents 517 Dental Occupations 563
Formatting the Resume 519 Emergency Medical Occupations 563
Important Resume Guidelines 519 Home-Care and Long-Term
Recent Resume Trends 522 Care Occupations 563
Cover Letters 522 Massage Therapy Occupations 563
Writing Good Cover Letters 526 Medical Office Occupations 564
Mental Health Occupations 564
Chapter 25 Nursing Occupations 564
Interview, Portfolio, Occupational Therapy Occupations 564
and Application 529 Pharmacy Occupations 564
The Job Interview 530 Physical Therapy Occupations 564
The Importance of Proper Preparation 530 Respiratory Therapy Occupations 565
Starting Off on the Right Foot 536 Surgical Occupations 565
After the Interview 538 Veterinary Occupations 565
Accepting the Job 540 Vision Care Occupations 565
Declining the Job 540 Diagnostic Occupations 565
Dealing with Rejection 540 Diagnostic Imaging Occupations 565
Filling Out Applications 540 Medical Laboratory Occupations 566
Health Information Management Occupations 566
Chapter 26 Environmental Occupations 566
Successful Employment Strategies 547 Dietary Services Occupations 566
Getting Off to a Goodstart 548 Biomedical Engineering Occupations 566
Learning about the Job 548
Policies and Procedures 548 Appendix 2
Probationary Period 550 Useful Spanish Expressions
Guidelines for Workplace Success 550 for Health Care Professionals 567
Act with Integrity 550
Demonstrate Loyalty 550 Glossary 569
Observe the Chain of Command 551
References 581
Give a Full Day’s Work 551
Become Part of the Team 552
Index 585
PREFACE
Introduction to Health Care, third edition, is designed as an Emphasis on Thinking Skills
introductory text for learners who are entering college-
level health care programs or for those who believe they The dramatic growth of the health care industry
may be interested in pursuing a career in health care. The promises to provide increasing numbers of employ-
fundamentals common to all health care occupations are ment opportunities for graduates of health care pro-
presented in this full-color text to create a foundation on grams. At the same time, today’s graduates face new
which learners can build when they take their specific challenges. Changes in health care are rapid and con-
occupational courses. The topics included are appropri- tinuous. Professionals at all levels are being given
ate for occupations that involve direct patient care, such additional responsibilities. Efficiency and flexibility,
as nursing and dental assisting, as well as those that pro- combined with competency, are vital to workplace
vide support services, such as health information tech- success. To be competent and successful in this ever-
nology and pharmacy technician. The goal of the text is changing environment, health care professionals must
to present a broad base of health care essentials. be able to think for themselves and learn and adapt as
Therefore skills and procedures that apply only to spe- necessary to meet current employment demands.
cific occupations are not included. The authors recognize the need of health care edu-
The text is written in easy-to-understand lan- cators for materials that can assist them in preparing
guage. A variety of learning exercises are included in students to assess new situations, determine appropri-
each chapter. These exercises are designed to appeal ate action, and apply on the job what they learned in the
to the different ways that learners comprehend mate- classroom. This text is designed to help meet this need.
rial, including visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. The Learners are introduced to the concept of thinking like
text can be used by learners as a reference book after a health care professional in Chapter 1. The specific
completion of their introductory courses. skills that make up applied thinking are explained in
everyday language. A five-step problem-solving model
Content for Today’s Health is clearly described to help learners systematically
Care Professional approach new situations. Every chapter includes exer-
cises called “Thinking It Through” that require learners
Introduction to Health Care, Third Edition includes top- to apply the concepts presented in the text to typical
ics essential for today’s learner and tomorrow’s on-the-job scenarios. Each chapter then concludes with
health care professional. The basic concepts that cre- two application exercises and one problem-solving
ate the foundation for health care education have exercise that provide opportunities to summarize and
been expanded beyond those usually included in an apply chapter content. For a detailed review of the
introductory text. The following topics have been features in this book, see About This Book on page xx.
included in response to the current needs of health
care educators and employers. Organization of the Text
● Thinking skills
Introduction to Health Care, Third Edition is divided into
● Learning styles and study techniques nine units that contain between two and five chapters
● Complementary and alternative medicine of related topics. The following overview highlights
● Prevention and wellness strategies many of the major concepts included in the text:
● Lifelong learning and continuing education
Unit 1: Health Care Today
● Documentation
● Characteristics and trends of modern health care,
● Cost-control measures including changing patient demographics and
● Performance improvement complementary and alternative medicine
● Personal efficiency ● Descriptions of many health occupations, orga-
● Customer service nized by type of work performed
xi
xii PREFACE
● Explanation of how to think like a health care Unit 6: Communication in the Health Care Setting
professional ● Patients as individuals
● Legal and ethical responsibilities required of all ● Basic human needs
health care professionals
● Acknowledging diversity while avoiding cultural
Unit 2: The Language of Health Care stereotypes
● Introduction to basic concepts of medical ● Using questions and observations to assess spe-
terminology cific patient needs
● Examples of common word elements ● Basic oral and written communication techniques
● Suggested ways to approach the study of ● Overview of computer applications in health-

terminology and learn it systematically care
● Review of math skills necessary for health care ● Basics of health care documentation and medical
applications records
● Tips for dealing with math anxiety
Unit 7: Health Care Skills
Unit 3: The Human Body ● Basic assessment skills
● Brief overview of the basic organization, struc-
● Hands-on skills such as taking vital signs and
ture, and functions of the body systems, intended measuring height and weight
as an introduction rather than a complete
anatomy and physiology course ● Normal ranges and significant changes
● Step-by-step instructions for performing basic
● Examples of diseases and conditions related to
emergency procedures (Cardiopulmonary resus-
each body system
citation is not included because certification is
● Preventive measures for each system, including often required of health care learners and the
lifestyle management tips course is taught by certified instructors who use
● Physical and mental milestones of growth and annually updated, written materials instead of a
development over the life span and the implica- textbook.)
tions when providing health care
Unit 8: Business of Caring
Unit 4: Personal and Workplace Safety
● Health care as a business
● Basic skills and habits needed to protect both
● Improving care while controlling costs
health care professionals and patients
● Working efficiently
● Explanations of body mechanics and infection
control ● Customer service
● Hands-on skills, such as using a fire extinguisher Unit 9: Securing and Maintaining Employment
Unit 5: Behaviors for Success ● Application of job search skills to health care
● Self-care practices important for health care employment

professionals, including dealing with stress ● Tips for remaining successfully employed
● Characteristics of professionalism essential for ● Behaviors for job success, including teamwork
career success and leadership skills
● Lifelong learning and continuing education ● Employment legalities
strategies
Major Changes to the Third Edition
Chapter(s) Description of Changes

1 Occupational information, including educational and certification requirements was updated
1 Added a section on returning adult learners and the challenges they face
1 Added massage therapy and veterinary careers
2 Added discussion on antibiotic resistance
PREFACE xiii
2 Expanded the discussion on complementary and alternative medicine

3 Added contact information, including phone numbers, for reporting child and elder abuse
3 Added discussion about rationing care and resources
3 Expanded discussion of advance directives
3 Added chart with government schedules of controlled substances
3 and 8 Additional material about the aging population, including ethical considerations of eldercare
10 Expanded information about hepatitis, HIV, tuberculosis, MRSA; added information about
swine flu
11 Added a table to summarize common health hazards for the health care professional
12 Added charts of vitamins and minerals, including their purpose and common food sources
12 Expanded types of diets to include vegetarianism and heart-healthy diets
12 Added discussion of organic foods
15 Added charts with general information about ethnic groups, including beliefs about
health care
16 Added discussion of HIPAA guidelines as relate to phone messages
18 Added discussion of electronic health care records
18 Added discussion about voice dictation software
19 Add information about electronic health records and personal health records; expanded
HIPAA information
20 Added Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale; temporary artery thermometers instead of
mercury equipment; white coat syndrome; body mass index
22 Expanded information on Medicare and HMO terminology
25 Added behavioral and situational interviews and interview questions
Throughout added references to computers and cell phones. Examples: using computerized rather than
text paper files; taking care with what you put on social networking sites; inappropriate use of
e-mail and texting at work; using to increase personal and on-the-job efficiency
Additional Created an accompanying StudyWARE™ CD-ROM that offers additional practice through
practice for interactive quizzes and fun activities that correlate with each chapter in the book. Anatomy
all chapters and pathology animations, math content, and health-related and career skills video clips
reinforce chapter topics and provide clinical relevancy. Refer to page XXX for a list of the
animations, videos and math content included on the StudyWARE™ CD-ROM
All chapters Added a new StudyWARE™ Connection feature in the text that directs learners to related
content on the CD-ROM
More practice Created a Workbook that includes even more learning tools including practice questions,
for all chapters image labeling, critical thinking scenarios, and skill assessment checklists to reinforce learning
All chapters Added a new Workbook Practice feature in the text that directs learners to even more
learning tools in the workbook
Created Mobile Downloads with audio for over 65 medical terms, including directional
terms, terms related to the structure and function of the body, and terms related to common
conditions.
xiv PREFACE
Animations, Videos, and Math Tutorials Included on the StudyWARE™ CD-ROM
Chapter Animation Topic Chapter Video Topic

1 Paying attention, thinking (case study 1)
4 Word Parts Work Together
1 5-step problem-solving process
4 Combining Word Roots (case study 2)
2 An example of the health challenges faced
6 Anatomy of a Typical Cell by older adults (case study)
3 Patient confidentiality (case study 1)
6 Body Planes
4 Effect of medical terms on patients
7 Shoulder Injuries (case study 3)
9 Body mechanics
7 Skin
10 Pathogens
7 The Heart 10 Sterile Gloves and the Sterile Field
11 Fire safety
7 The Blood
13 Being a cooperative employee; solving,
7 Lymphatic System not creating problems (case study)
15 Treating patients with respect (case study 1)
7 Respiration
15 Lack of interest and empathy—negative
7 Digestion effect on patients (case study 2)
16 Empathy, effective communication
7 Urine Formation (case study 1)
16 Poor listening, being judgmental
7 Vision (case study 2)
7 Hearing 19 Confidentiality of medical records
(case study 3)
7 Endocrine System 20 Thermometers (Chemical-dot)
20 Digital/Electronic Thermometers
7 Female Reproductive System
20 Tympanic Thermometers
7 Male Reproductive System 20 TPR and BP
10 Infection Control 20 Radial Pulse

20 Apical Pulse
20 Respiration
20 Blood Pressure
20 Taking a Patient’s Blood Pressure
23 Effect of poor communications, lack
of professionalism leading to poor
customer service (case study 3)
24 Example of unprepared job-seeker
(case study)
25 Example of a good job interview (case study)
26 Complaining about employer—negative
effects (case study)
PREFACE xv
Math Tutorials in StudyWARE™ Chapter 5 Mobile Downloads

Downloadable audio was created for over 65 medical
Convert between Traditional and International Time terms, including directional terms, terms related to the
Convert between Celsius and Fahrenheit structure and function of the body, and terms related
Temperature to common conditions to help you learn even when
you’re on the go.
Approximate Equivalents
The Metric System Premium Website
The Apothecary System A Premium Website is available to accompany the
text that includes the StudyWARE™, slide presenta-
The Household System tions in PowerPoint¨ with animations and video clips,
and a link to mobile downloads.
Ratios
Redeeming an Access Code:
Converting Among Fractions, Decimals, Ratios and
Percents 1. GO TO: http://www.CengageBrain.com
2. ENTER THE Access code in the Prepaid Code or
Comparing the Size of Fractions, Decimals, Ratios,
Access Key field, REDEEM
and Percents
3. REGISTER as a new user or LOG IN as an existing
Calculate the Percentage of a Quantity user if you already have an account with Cengage
Learning or CengageBrain.com
Reading and Writing Decimals
4. SELECT Go to MY Account
Fractions and Decimals
5. OPEN the product from the My Account page
Converting between Fraction Types Also Available:
Calculations with Fractions ● Premium Website IAC to accompany Intro-
duction to Health Care, Third Edition, (ISBN:
Comparing the Values of Fractions and Decimals
1-1115-4595-2)
Calculations with Decimals
Instructor Resources CD-ROM
Rounding of Decimals
(ISBN: 1-4354-8754-0)
The Instructor Resources CD-ROM is a robust com-
puterized tool designed to meet your instructional
Additional Teaching/Learning
needs. A must-have for all instructors, this comprehen-
Resources sive and convenient CD-ROM contains the following
StudyWARE™ CD-ROM components.
The CD-ROM included in the back of each book Instructor’s Manual

includes numerous anatomy and pathology animations, The Instructor’s Manual includes the following items
health-related and career skill videos, case studies, and to help instructors most effectively use the text in
interactive activities and quizzes that provide additional planning and teaching an introductory course:
practice, and fun, while learning. See “How to Use the
● Answers to review questions found at the end
StudyWARE™ CD-ROM on page xxii for details.
of each chapter in the text
Also available: StudyWARE™ CD-ROM Stand-
alone to accompany Introduction to Health Care, Third ● Suggested answers to “Thinking It Through”
Edition (ISBN: 1-1115-3791-7) and “Application Exercises” found in the text
● Procedure check-off forms for evaluating skills
Workbook ● Suggestions for class activities
The workbook was created to provide additional ● Teaching thinking skills
learning tools with all new review questions, vocab-
ulary review, image labeling, critical thinking sce- Computerized Test Bank in ExamView®
narios, and skill assessment checklists. (ISBN: The test bank contains approximately 1265 test
1-4354-8753-2) questions. These include true/ false, multiple choice,
xvi PREFACE
matching, short answer, and essay questions. Users Instructor Companion Site
can add their own questions. This software allows the
user to create tests in less than 5 minutes, with the An Instructor Companion Site is available that
ability to print them out in a variety of layouts. It also includes the Instructor Resources. To access the
has electronic “take-home testing” (put test on disk) Instructor Companion Site, go to http://login.cengage
and Internet-based testing capabilities. .com/sso//.
Presentations Created in PowerPoint® WebTUTOR™ Advantage

● More than 1200 PowerPoint slides are designed Designed to complement the textbook, WebTUTOR™
to aid you in planning your class presenta- is a content-rich, Web-based teaching and learning
tions. If a learner misses a class, a printout aid that reinforces and clarifies complex concepts.
of the slides for a lecture provides a helpful Animations enhance learning and retention of material.
review page. The Blackboard™ platform also provides rich commu-
nication tools to instructors and students, including a
Workbook Answers course calendar, chat, email, and threaded discussions.
● Answers to workbook review questions and WebTUTOR™ Advantage on Blackboard™
activities (ISBN: 1-4354-8752-4).
DEDICATION
To my parents, for encouraging and supporting my pursuit of a health care education. And to my brother,
Gary Moberly, and his wife, Arlene, who provided a safe haven in which to write this book.
—Dakota Mitchell
To David, for providing daily inspiration and continual encouragement.

—Lee Haroun
xvii
ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Dakota Mitchell has a Master’s of Science degree in in San Diego, and a Doctorate of Education from the
Nursing from the University of California, San University of San Diego.
Francisco, and a Master’s in Business Administration She has more than 30 years’ experience in teach-
degree from the University of Santa Clara. The coming and educational administration and has devel-
bination of the two degrees provides a framework for oped curricula for a variety of postsecondary
understanding and functioning within the current programs, including occupational therapy assistant,
and rapidly evolving world of health care today. health information professional, insurance coder, and
Dakota has 29 years of experience in health patient care technician.
care, including education, management, and cur- Lee is the author of Career Development for Health
riculum consultation. Besides many years in class- Professionals (Elsevier Science); co-author of Teaching
room and clinical teaching, she has developed and Ideas and Classroom Activities for Health Care with
implemented unique and innovative health care Susan Royce (Delmar Cengage Learning); co-author
programs at both the vocational and associate’s degree of Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Survival Guide with
levels. Bonnie Napier-Tibere (F. A. Davis; out of print); and
Lee Haroun has a Master’s of Art in Education technical writer for Essentials of Health and Wellness by
from Portland State University (Oregon), a Master’s James Robinson and Deborah McCormick (Delmar
in Business Administration from National University Cengage Learning).
xviii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to acknowledge the help, support, Alice Macomber, RN, RMA, AHI, CPI, BMO, RPT
and continual good humor of Marah Bellegarde, Medical Assisting Program Coordinator
Managing Editor, and Deb Myette-Flis, Senior Product Keiser University, Port Saint Lucie Campus
Manager, at Delmar Cengage Learning who patiently
shepherded us through the process of producing a Michelle Maguire McDaniel, LPN., HCC, BA
third edition. A special thank you to all the reviewers Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana, Anderson
who offered many wonderful suggestions. Campus
School of Health Sciences, MEA Program
Stephanie Clinkenbeard
Instructor Linda Miedema, PhD, MSA, BSN
Health Information Technology Brevard Community College
Nursing and Allied Health Division
Western Nevada Community College Londa L. Ogden RN, BSN, RMA
Adjunct Professor
Beverly Fenley, RN, BSN, MEd Keiser University Online Division
Health Science Technology Instructor
The Academy of Irving ISD Alice Marie Reybitz, RN, BA, CPC, CPC-H, CHI
Program Director, Medical Billing and Coding
Stefanie Goodman MSN, RN, CMA (AAMA) Keiser Career College, St. Petersburg Branch
Medical Assisting Program Chair/Practicum Campus of Greenacres
Coordinator
Ivy Tech Community College
xix
ABOUT THIS BOOK

CHAPTER Objectives: Overview of chapter content
and goals for learning. Review these before begin-
PHYSICAL
ASSESSMENT 20 ning to read the chapter and use the objectives to
check your progress after completing the chapter.
Key Terms: List of important vocabulary and
OBJECTIVES KEY TERMS
key concepts. Understanding vocabulary is critical
Studying and applying the material in this chapter will
help you to:
afebrile
apnea
bradycardia
to understanding the concepts presented in the
● State the purpose of a history and physical (H&P) and
●
indicate what data the physician will obtain.
Discuss variances from the norm for each of the body

bradypnea
Cheyne-Stokes
dyspnea
chapter. Key terms are bolded and defined the first
systems.
● Explain how to do a pain scale assessment.

eupnea
exhalation time they appear in the chapter. There is also a
febrile
Define what is included in assessment of the activities
comprehensive glossary in the back of the book.

●
Fascinating Facts
of daily living (ADLs). hypertension
hypotension
● Correctly take the vital signs (temperature, pulse,
inhalation
respirations, and blood pressure).
orthopnea
● Describe how the presence of an apical-radial deficit is orthostatic (postural)
determined and what it means. hypotension
Perhaps the greatest example of the applica-
● Measure the height and weight of a patient.
pulse deficit
pulse points tion of the philosophy of individual worth was Fascinating Facts: Interesting information
respiration
stethoscope
sphygmomanometer
demonstrated by the life of Mother Teresa, who
dedicated her life to working with, in her words,
that is related to the chapter topics.
tachycardia
tachypnea “the poorest of the poor.” From 1948 until her
vital signs
death in 1997, Mother Teresa worked in Cal-
cutta, India, caring for desperately poor people
who were ill, abandoned, and dying. She
founded the House for the Dying in 1952 to pro-
vide a place for people to die in peace and dig-
nity. Over the years she created other sites that
offered medical care and shelter to the needy
all over the world. Mother Teresa put into action
her belief that every human being is worthy of
respect and loving care.
The Case of the Missed Assessment

Mrs. Becker, age 83, arrives on time as usual for her appointment with Dr. Myers.
Carrie Winsor, medical assistant, notes that Mrs. Becker seems unsteady as
she walks across the room. When asked if she is all right, Mrs. Becker’s answer
is slightly garbled, but she states, “I must just be getting old.” When Mrs. Becker
speaks, Carrie notes a sweet, fruity smell that she thinks must be mouthwash.
The Case of . . . : These health care scenarios
Carrie thinks Mrs. Becker seems depressed, but then thinks that she would be
too if she had all the physical problems the patient has had with her diabetes, introduce chapter content and show why the
especially now that she has recently been diagnosed with renal failure and has
started on dialysis. Dr. Myers is running behind with his appointments, and Carrie
knows that it will be at least another 30 minutes and informs Mrs. Becker. Carrie
material in the chapter is important for the com-
continues with her other tasks, until she hears a sudden sound and finds
Mrs. Becker on the floor and unconscious. This chapter will discuss how to as-
sess patients and how important it is for the health care professional to observe
petent health care professional. An application
and promptly report abnormal findings to his or her supervisor so early detection
and treatment can be initiated. exercise at the end of the chapter refers back to
Table 12–2 Conventional versus Organic Farming Methods
the case.
Conventional Farming Organic Farming
Use chemical fertilizers Use natural fertilizers such as compost and manure
Spray insecticides Use insects and birds that eat pests

Disrupt mating of pests
Set traps Tables: These provide summaries of related
Use chemical weed killers Rotate crops
Hand weed
Apply mulch
facts. Use them as study aids and for quick
Give animals antibiotics and other medications,
and growth hormones FDA regulations allow
Give animals organic feed
Provide animals with access to the outdoors
reference.
rendered animal by-products and waste to to prevent spreading disease
be added to the feed Use various preventive measures to help prevent disease
Source: Mayo Clinic. Organic Foods: Are They safer? More Nutritious? www.mayoclinic.com/health/organic-food/NU00255
Boxes: These include special features and

BOX 12–3
A Meditation Method additional information that expand on and sup-
1. Choose a time and place where you can
arrange not to be interrupted.
port the material presented in the chapter.
2. Set a timer. Twenty minutes is best; ten is the
minimum.
3. Sit in a comfortable position in a chair or on
the floor. Straighten the spine and place the
hands on the thighs.
4. Take a few deep breaths and let your body
relax.
5. While breathing naturally, start counting each
time you exhale. When you reach four (four
breaths), start over.
Colored photos and illustrations: These
6. Focus on the counting, not on the breaths. reinforce important concepts and topics. Use them
7. If thoughts enter your mind, let them go by, re-
focusing on the counting. ■ to increase your understanding of the material.
Source: Adapted from Understanding Human Behavior:
A Guide for Health Care Providers (7th ed.), by M. E. Milliken &
A. Honeycutt, 2004, Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Figure 20–3 To take an axillary temperature, place the

bulb of the thermometer into the center of the armpit
and hold arm close to body. Delmar/Cengage Learning.
xx
ABOUT THIS BOOK xxi
NEW! The StudyWARE™ Connection

feature directs the learner to numerous To test your mastery of this material, go to your
StudyWARETM CD-ROM to play interactive
anatomy and pathology animations, health- Thinking It Through
games and complete the quiz for this chapter.
related and career skills video clips, interac- Karin McFarland is the office manager for
tive activities, and practice quizzes that Drs. Kern, Wilkes, and Ruiz. She recently hired
a new medical receptionist, Wanda Belini,
reinforce material learned in the chapter. whom patients like for her warm, friendly
personality. Wanda has excellent telephone
Thinking It Through: Located skills and good judgment about handling calls
appropriately. Karin is concerned, however,
throughout the chapter, these exercises are about Wanda’s writing skills. The short docu-
ments such as memos and meeting announce-
a very important part of this text. The ments that she has prepared have contained
spelling and punctuation errors. Karin believes
health care scenarios require you to think that Wanda is a valuable asset to the office and
wants to help her improve.
about the concepts presented in the chapter 1. Why is it important for memos and meeting
announcements to be written properly if
they are only seen by people who work in
and use them to resolve typical problems the office?
2. What might Wanda do to improve her
encountered by health care professionals. writing skills?
3. What impact might Wanda’s poor writing
Use the exercises to develop the thinking skills have on her future career if she does
not improve them?
skills necessary to be a successful health

care professional. PROCEDURE 20-4
Procedures: A step-by-step format How to Count Respirations
Always Observe Standard Precautions
helps you master basic hands-on skills. Pay
STEPS RATIONALE
special attention to the rationales that 1. You will need a watch with a second hand and
something to record the results on.
As a health care professional, you should at all
times have a watch with a second hand, a pen,
and notepaper with you. A water-resistant watch
explain the reasons for the actions. with a large face for ease in reading is
recommended.
2. After you finish counting the pulse, leave your fingers Because the respiratory rate can be consciously
in position (if taking the radial pulse) or keep the altered, it is important that the patient not know
stethoscope on the chest (if taking the apical pulse), when you are counting the respirations. Do not
and count the respirations. tell the patient that you are now counting the
respirations, or the rate may not be accurate.
The health care professional can also feel the
chest rise and fall by leaving the arm on the chest
or the stethoscope in place.
NEW! The Workbook Practice feature 3. Count the number of respirations taken in 1 full minute. One respiration is a complete cycle that includes
inhalation and exhalation.
directs the learner to even more learning 4. Immediately record your findings. Getting in the habit of writing down the actual
numbers, instead of relying on your memory, will
prevent errors.
tools in the workbook including practice

questions, image labeling, critical thinking WORKBOOK PRACTICE WEB ACTIVITIES
scenarios, and skill assessment checklists. Go to your workbook and complete the exercises
for this chapter.
University of Washington
www.washington.edu
Suggested Learning Activities: Try Search on “managed care,” and click on “Managed
Care: Ethical Topic in Medicine.” Review the informa-
these interesting projects that include doing SUGGESTED LEARNING tion on managed care and then click on “Case 1” and
ACTIVITIES read the scenario. What are your thoughts on this
research on the Internet, reporting on obser- 1. Consider your own financial situation and
topic? Click on “Discussion” and read the comments.
Do you agree with the information provided? Why or
vations from daily life, and visiting health determine if there are any accounts receivable
(any money due to be paid to you: money you
why not?
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
care facilities. have lent; a paycheck for the last two weeks’
work; payments you have made in advance for www.cms.hhs.gov
What are the eligibility guidelines for Medicare and
Web Activities: Use these guided services, such as newspaper or magazine deliv-
ery). Do you have any accounts payable (do you Medicaid? What is the function of CHIP?
owe money)? How do these compare?
assignments to increase your research skills 2. If you have worked or currently work, identify
Pam Pohly’s Net Guide
www.pohly.com
and learn more about the chapter content. ways in which your performance has affected the
cost of doing business. Review the areas listed Do search for “Glossary of Managed Care Terms.”
under the section “Health Care Professionals’ Review the definitions for five terms that you are
Many of the activities refer you to specific Impact on Costs.” either unclear about or unfamiliar with, and describe
how this applies to what you are learning about
websites. 3. Look for articles in news magazines about the
rising cost of health care. Are any solutions
managed care.
offered? Do you agree or disagree with the solu-
Review Questions: The questions are tions proposed? Explain why.
keyed to the chapter objectives to ensure

placed in the appropriate location for the charge
your mastery of the chapter content. Use REVIEW QUESTIONS to be billed to the correct patient’s insurance.
But today she decides to perform this task later
them to check your learning and identify 1. How have methods for paying medical costs
changed over the years?
when it slows down and places the inventory
tags in her pocket. The day continues at the
areas that need more study. 2. What is the difference between fee-for-service same fast pace, and Aubrey arrives home to dis-
cover numerous charge tags still in her pocket.
and managed care?
Problem-Solving Practice: Practice 3. What is the purpose of managed care? What are
a. What are the possible financial implications
of Aubrey’s actions?
three methods used to control costs?
your skills with these typical, real-world 4. Who is covered by Medicare? What services are
b. What are ways she can use to identify which
inventory tag goes with which patient?
covered?
problems encountered by learners and 5. What is Medicaid?
c. What are the possible consequences if she
charges the wrong supplies to a patient?
6. Explain the meaning of DRGs.
health care professionals. 7. What are the four major areas of expenditures
Application Exercises: Opportunities incurred by a health care delivery system?

PROBLEM-SOLVING PRACTICE
8. What is the difference between accounts
to apply the chapter’s major concepts to payable and accounts receivable?

9. What is the meaning of “the cost of money”?
Patricia Leonard is trying to find health care coverage
for herself, her husband, and her two children. Using
typical health care situations. Use these 10. What are five ways that the health care profes-
sional can assist in controlling facility costs?
the five-step problem-solving process, determine
what Patricia can do evaluate different options in
health care insurance.
exercises to practice using your knowledge
in ways similar to those you may encounter APPLICATION EXERCISES SUGGESTED READINGS
on the job. AND RESOURCES
1. Refer to The Case of the Inefficient Office at the
Suggested Readings and Resources: beginning of the chapter. What suggestions

would you offer to your supervisor if you were
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. www.cms
.hhs.gov
in Constance’s position? Green, M. (2008). Understanding health insurance.
Learn more about topics of interest from 2. It is a particularly busy day for Aubrey Casein
Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Kongstvedt, P. R. (2007). Essentials of managed health
as she rushes to assist several physicians as they
the books, articles, and websites listed in perform patient procedures. It seems to her that
care (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett
Publishers.
the requests for supplies are coming in faster Williams, S. J., & Torrens, P. R. (2007). Introduction to
this section. than she can meet the demand. She knows that
the inventory tags on each of the items must be
health services (7th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar
Cengage Learning.
xxii ABOUT THIS BOOK
How to Use the StudyWARE™ CD-ROM StudyWare™ is a trademark used herein under
license.
Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trade-
marks of the Microsoft Corporation.
Pentium® is a registered trademark of the Intel
Corporation.
Getting Started
The StudyWARE™ software helps you learn
material in Introduction to Health Care, Third Edition.
As you study each chapter in the text, be sure to
explore the activities in the corresponding chapter in
the software. Use StudyWARE™ as your own pri-
vate tutor.
Getting started is easy. Install the software
System Requirements by inserting the CD-ROM into your computer’s CD-
ROM drive and following the on-screen instructions.
Minimum System Requirements When you open the software, enter your first and last
● Microsoft Windows XP w/SP 2, Windows Vista name so the software can store your quiz results.
w/ SP 1, Windows 7 Then choose a chapter from the menu to take a quiz
● Mac OS X 10.4, 10.5, or 10.6 or explore one of the activities.
● Processor: Minimum required by Operating
Menus
System
You can access the menus from wherever you are in
● Memory: Minimum required by Operating System
the program. The menus include Quizzes and other
● Hard Drive Space: 690MB
Activities.
● Screen resolution: 1024 x 768 pixels
● CD-ROM drive
● Sound card & listening device required for

audio features
● Flash Player 10. The Adobe Flash Player is free,
and can be downloaded from http://www
.adobe.com/products/flashplayer/
Windows Setup Instructions
1. Insert disc into CD-ROM drive. The software
installation should start automatically. If it does
not, go to step 2.
2. From My Computer, double-click the icon for
the CD drive.
3. Double-click the setup.exe file to start the program.
Mac Setup Instructions Quizzes. Quizzes include true/false, multiple choice,
and fill-in questions. You can take the quizzes in both
1. Insert disc into CD-ROM drive.
practice mode and quiz mode. Use practice mode to
2. Once the disc icon appears on your desktop, improve your mastery of the material. You have mul-
double click on it to open it. tiple tries to get the answers correct. Instant feedback
3. Double-click the StudyWARE to start the program. tells you whether you’re right or wrong and helps
you learn quickly by explaining why an answer was
Technical Support correct or incorrect. Use quiz mode when you are
Telephone: 1-800-648-7450 ready to test yourself and keep a record of your
Monday–Friday scores. In quiz mode, you have one try to get the
8:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m. EST answers right, but you can take each quiz as many
E-mail: delmar.help@cengage.com times as you want.
ABOUT THIS BOOK xxiii
Scores. You can view your last scores for each quiz
and print your results to hand in to your instructor.
Activities. Activities include image labeling, concen-
tration, crossword puzzles, and Championship. Have
fun while increasing your knowledge!
Animations and Video Clips. Numerous anatomy and

pathology animations, and health-related and career
skills video clips visually enhance the text material and
reinforce learning.
APPENDIX 1
HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL

ORGANIZATIONS
National Registry of Emergency Medical
THERAPEUTIC AND TREATING Technicians
OCCUPATIONS P.O. Box 29233
Columbus, OH 43229
Dental Occupations www.nremt.org
American Dental Assistants’ Association Society of Emergency Medicine Physician
35 E. Wacker Drive, Suite 1730 Assistants
Chicago, IL 60601-2211 1125 Executive Circle
www.dentalassistant.org Irving, TX 75038
www.sempa.org
American Dental Association
211 E. Chicago Avenue
Home-Care and Long-Term Care
Chicago, IL 60611-2678
www.ada.org Occupations
American Dental Hygienists’ Association American Health Care Association
444 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 3400 1201 L Street NW, Suite 530
Chicago, IL 60611 Washington, DC 20005
www.adha.org www.ahcancal.org
Dental Assisting National Board, Inc. National Association for Home Care & Hospice
444 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 900 228 Seventh Street SE
Chicago, IL 60611 Washington, DC 20003
www.dentalassisting.com www.nahc.org
National Association of Dental Laboratories Massage Therapy Occupations

325 John Knox Road, L103
Tallahassee, FL 32303 American Massage Therapy Association
www.nadl.org 500 Davis Street, Suite 900
Evanston, IL 60201
Emergency Medical Occupations www.amtamassage.org
National Association of Emergency Medical Associated Body & Massage Professionals

Technicians 25188 Genesee Trail Road
P.O. Box 1400 Golden, CO 80401
Clinton, MS 39060-1400 www.abmp.com
www.naemt.org
563
564 APPENDIX 1
Medical Office Occupations Nursing Occupations

American Academy of Physician Assistants American Association of Colleges of Nursing
950 N. Washington Street 1 Dupont Circle NW, Suite 530
Alexandria, VA 22314-1552 Washington, DC 20036
www.aapa.org www.aacn.nche.edu
American Association of Medical Assistants American Nurses’ Association
20 N. Wacker Drive, Suite 1575 8515 Georgia Avenue, Suite 400
Chicago, IL 60606 Silver Spring, MD 20910
www.aama-ntl.org www.nursingworld.org
American Medical Association National Association for Practical Nurse
515 N. State Street Education and Service, Inc.
Chicago, IL 60654 1940 Duke Street, Suite 200
www.ama-assn.org Alexandria, VA 22314
www.napnes.org
American Medical Technologists Association
10700 W. Higgins, Suite 150 National League for Nursing
Rosemont, IL 60018 61 Broadway, 33rd Floor
www.amt1.com New York, NY 10006
www.nln.org
American Osteopathic Association
142 East Ontario Street National Student Nurses’ Association
Chicago, IL 60611 45 Main Street, Suite 606
www.osteopathic.org Brooklyn, NY 11201
www.nsna.org
American Podiatric Medical Association
9312 Old Georgetown Road
Bethesda, MD 20814-1621 Occupational Therapy Occupations
www.apma.org American Occupational Therapy Association
American Society of Podiatric Medical 4720 Montgomery Lane
Assistants P.O. Box 31220
1616 N. 78th Court Bethesda, MD 20824-1220
Elmwood, IL 60707 www.aota.org
www.aspma.org
National Commission on Certification of
Pharmacy Occupations
Physician Assistants American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
12000 Findley Road, Suite 100 1727 King Street
Johns Creek, GA 30097-1409 Alexandria, VA 22314
www.nccpa.net www.aacp.org
American Pharmacists Association
Mental Health Occupations 2215 Constitution Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20037-2985
American Association of Psychiatric Technicians
www.pharmacist.com
1220 S Street, Suite 100
Sacramento, CA 95811-7138 Pharmacy Technician Certification Board
www.psychtechs.org 2215 Constitution Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20037-2985
American Psychiatric Association
www.ptcb.org
1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1825
Arlington, VA 22209-3901
www.psych.org Physical Therapy Occupations
American Psychological Association American Physical Therapy Association
750 First Street NE 1111 North Fairfax Street
Washington, DC 20002-4242 Alexandria, VA 22314-1488
www.apa.org www.apta.org
HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 565
Respiratory Therapy Occupations DIAGNOSTIC OCCUPATIONS

American Association for Respiratory Care
9425 N. MacArthur Boulevard, Suite 100 Diagnostic Imaging Occupations
Irving, TX 75063-4706 Alliance of Cardiovascular Professionals
www.aarc.org P.O. Box 2007
Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care Midlothian, VA 23113
1248 Harwood Road www.acp-online.org
Bedford, TX 76021-4244 American College of Cardiology
www.coarc.com Heart House
National Board for Respiratory Care 2400 N Street NW
8310 Nieman Road Washingon, DC 20037
Lenexa, KS 66214 www.cardiosource.org
www.nbrc.org American College of Radiology
1891 Preston White Drive
Surgical Occupations Reston, VA 20191
www.acr.org
Association of Surgical Technologists
6 West Dry Creek Circle, Suite 200 American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
Littleton, CO 80120-8031 51 Monroe Street, Plaza East One
www.ast.org Rockville, MD 20850-2400
www.ardms.org
Veterinary Occupations American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
American Veterinary Medical Association 1255 Northland Drive
1931 N. Meacham Road, Suite 100 St. Paul, MN 55120-1155
Schaumburg, IL 60173-4360 www.arrt.org
www.avma.org American Society of Echocardiography
National Association of Veterinary Technicians 2100 Gateway Centre Boulevard, Suite 310
in America Morrisville, NC 27560
50 S. Pickett Street, Suite 110 www.asecho.org
Alexandria, VA 22304 American Society of Radiologic Technologists
www.navta.net 15000 Central Avenue SE
Albuquerque, NM 87123-3909
Vision Care Occupations www.asrt.org
American Optometric Association Cardiovascular Credentialing International
243 N. Lindbergh Boulevard 1500 Sunday Drive, Suite 102
St. Louis, MO 63141 Raleigh, NC 27607
www.aoa.org www.cci-online.org
Association of Schools and Colleges of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in
Optometry Medicine
6110 Executive Boulevard, Suite 420 2030 Addison Street, 7th Floor
Rockville, MD 20852 Berkeley, CA 94704
www.opted.org www.ismrm.org
Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Joint Review Committee on Education in Diagnostic
Ophthalmology Medical Sonography
2025 Woodlane Drive 2025 Woodlane Drive
St. Paul, MN 55125-2998 St. Paul, MN 55125
www.jcahpo.org www.jrcdms.org
Opticians Association of America Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
4064 E. Fir Hill Drive 2745 Dallas Parkway, Suite 350
Lakeland, TN 38002 Plano, TX 75093-8730
www.oaa.org www.sdms.org
566 APPENDIX 1
Society of Vascular Ultrasound American Health Information Management

4601 Presidents Drive, Suite 260 Association
Lanham, MD 20706-4831 233 N. Michigan Avenue, 21st Floor
www.svunet.org Chicago, IL 60601-5809
www.ahima.org
Medical Laboratory Occupations American Medical Billing Association
2465 E. Main
American Medical Technologists
Davis, OK 73030
Association
www.ambanet.net/AMBA.htm
10700 W. Higgins Road, Suite 150
Rosemont, IL 60018 Association for Healthcare Documentation Integrity
www.amt.com 4230 Kiernan Avenue, Suite 130
Modesto, CA 95356
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science
www.ahdionline.org
National Certification Agency for Medical
Laboratory Personnel
6701 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 300
Bethesda, MD 20817
ENVIRONMENTAL
www.ascls.org OCCUPATIONS
American Society for Clinical Pathology
33 W. Monroe Street, Suite 1600
Dietary Services Occupations
Chicago, IL 60603 American Dietetic Association
www.ascp.org 120 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 2000
Chicago, IL 60606-6995
International Society for Clinical Laboratory
www.eatright.org
Technology
917 Locust Street, Suite 1100
St. Louis, MO 63101
Biomedical Engineering Occupations
Association for the Advancement of Medical
Instrumentation
4301 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 301
HEALTH INFORMATION Arlington, VA 22203-1633
MANAGEMENT OCCUPATIONS www.aami.org
American Academy of Procedural Coders Biomedical Engineering Society
2480 South 3850 West, Suite B 8201 Corporate Drive, Suite 1125
Salt Lake City, UT 84120 Landover, MD 20785-2224
www.aapc.com www.bmes.org
APPENDIX 2
USEFUL SPANISH EXPRESSIONS

FOR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS
Hello, hi. Hola. (OH-lah)
Good morning. Buenos días. (bway-nohs DEE-ahs)
Good afternoon. Buenas tardes. (bway-nahs TAR-days)
Good evening, good Buenas noches. (bway-nahs NO-chase)
night.
Please. Por favor. (por fah-VOR)
Thank you. Gracias. (GRAH-see-us)
You’re welcome. De nada. (day NAH-dah)
Yes/No. Sí/No (see/no)
My name is _____ Me llamo (may YAH-mo) _____ or
Mi nombre es (me NOM-bray es) _____
What is your name? ¿Cómo se llama usted?
(CO-mo say YA-mah oo-sted)
Nice to meet you. Mucho gusto. (MOO-choh GOO-stoh)
Do you speak English? ¿Habla usted inglés? (AH-blah oo-STED eeng-GLACE)
Do you understand ¿Comprende usted inglés?
English? (comb-PREN-day oo-STED eeng-GLACE)
Do you ¿Me comprende usted?
understand me? (may comb-PREN-day oo-STED)
Repeat, please. Repita usted, por favor.
(ray-PEE-tah oo-STED por fah-VOR)
I don’t understand No comprendo el español muy bien.
Spanish very well. (no comb-PREN-doh el es-pahn-NYOL moo-ee bee-EN)
How do you feel? ¿Cómo se siente? (CO-mo say see-EN-tay)
Good. Bien. (bee-EN)
Fair. Así, así or Regular. (ah-SEE, ah-SEE or ray-goo-LAHR)
Bad. Mal. (mahl)
567
568 APPENDIX 2
Do you have pain? ¿Tiene usted dolor? (tee-EN-ay oo-STED do-LOR)

Where? ¿Dónde? (DON-day)
Show me. Enséñeme. (en-SEN-yeh-may)
Are you comfortable? ¿Está usted cómodo? (es-TAH oo-STED CO-mo-do)
What’s the matter? ¿Qué pasa? (kay PAH-sah)
Do you want something? ¿Desea usted algo? (de-SAY-ah oo-STED AHL-go)
It is important. Es importante. (es eem-por-TAHN-tay)
Be calm, please. Cálmese usted, por favor. (CALL-meh-say oo-STED, por fah-VOR)
Don’t be frightened. No tenga usted miedo. (no TANG-gah oo-STED mee-A-doh)
We are here to help you. Estamos aquí para ayudarle. (eh-STAH-mos ah-KEY pah-rah ah-you-DAR-lay)
(Source: Adapted from Conversational Spanish for medical personnel (2nd ed.), by R. Kelz, 1982, Clifton Park, NY:
Delmar Cengage Learning; Textbook of basic nursing (6th ed.), by C. B. Rosdahl, 1995, Philadelphia: Lippincott;
and Lippincott’s textbook for medical assistants by J. Hosley, S. Jones, and E. Molle-Matthews, 1997, Philadelphia:
Lippincott.)
GLOSSARY
Acupuncture Chinese medicine treatment in which relaxed at the sides of the body, palms facing
tiny needles are inserted into specific points in forward, feet pointed forward, and the eyes
the body to alleviate pain and relieve various directed straight ahead.
physical, mental, and emotional conditions. Anatomy The study of the form and structure of an
Abdominal cavity Located in the abdomen; contains organism.
the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, Angles The amount of variance from a reference
pancreas, and spleen. plane expressed in degrees.
Accounts payable Amounts owed to other businesses Anorexia nervosa A disease based on the distorted
for services, supplies, or equipment. belief that one is overweight, even when
Accounts receivable Amounts due from customers severely underweight, and the cutting of calories
for services, supplies, or equipment. below the number necessary to maintain health.
Active listening Listening characterized by focusing Anterior body cavity Consists of the thoracic,
fully on what a speaker is saying. abdominal, and pelvic cavities; protects the
Adult Someone who is 18 years of age or older. internal organs; also called ventral body cavity.
Adult foster home A setting such as a family-style Anterior (ventral) Toward the front of body.
home that provides 24-hour personal care, meals, Antibiotic Classification of medications capable
and supervision for a small number of residents. of inhibiting the growth of or destroying
Advance directive Written documents that detail microorganisms.
the patient’s wishes regarding health care deci- Antiseptics Chemical agents that prevent or inhibit
sions; consists of the living will and the durable growth of microorganisms.
power of attorney. Apex At the top (highest point).
Aerobic Requires oxygen to live; a type of exercise Apnea Absence of respirations.
that elevates the heart rate beyond normal Apothecary system A measurement system that is
resting rate. used infrequently except for a measurement of
Afebrile A temperature that is within the normal weight (grain).
range. Application program A type of software that per-
Agenda A list of what is to take place at a meeting. forms specialized tasks.
Agent Someone who has the authority to represent Artificial intelligence Sophisticated technology that
another person. enables machines and/or computers to make
AIDS A disease that occurs when an HIV-positive decisions traditionally believed to require
person develops signs and symptoms of a weak- human intelligence.
ened immune system. Asepsis or aseptic technique Methods used to
Alternative medicine Health care systems, practices, make the patient, the professional, and the
and products that have not traditionally been environment as pathogen-free as possible.
performed by practitioners of Western medicine; Assault Any threatened or implied act, whether
practices used instead of conventional medicine. carried out or not.
Amino acids Molecules that are the building blocks Assertiveness The ability to express oneself freely
of protein. in a nonthreatening manner.
Anaerobic Does not require oxygen to live. Assessment Gathering information; a step in
Anaphylactic shock A life-threatening severe allergic charting that is the health care professional’s
reaction resulting in swelling of the respiratory impression of what is wrong with the patient,
system that restricts breathing. based on the signs and symptoms.
Anatomical position The body as viewed in a full Assisted living residence Facility that provides
upright position (standing), with the arms housing, meals, and personal care to individuals
569
570 GLOSSARY
who need help with daily living activities but do Burnout A form of physical and emotional exhaus-
not need daily nursing care; may also be referred tion that is caused by a variety of personal and
to as supportive housing, residential long-term environmental stressors experienced over an
care facilities, adult residential care facilities, extended period of time.
board-and-care, and rest homes. Calorie Unit of heat energy; energy content of foods.
Attitude How one mentally views a situation. Capitation Payment of a fixed fee by an insurance
Auditory learner A person who learns best by hearing company to a health care provider for each
new material. patient enrolled in a health care plan, regardless
Autonomy Self-determination. of services given to the patient.
Bacteria Microorganisms that are one-celled plants; Carbohydrates Food substances that are composed
can be either pathogenic or nonpathogenic. of units of sugar and provide the body with
Bacteriocidal A method or chemical that kills bacte- immediate energy.
ria; also called germicidal. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Manually
Bacteriostatic A method or chemical that inhibits providing respiratory and cardiac support for a
the growth of bacteria. patient who is not breathing and whose heart
has stopped beating.
Barriers Blocks to communication.
Career ladders The various levels within an occupa-
Base At the bottom (lowest point).
tional area that require different amounts of
Battery Unauthorized touching of another person. education and training.
Behavioral question Job-interview question in Career service center A department of a school or
which the applicant is given a situation and college that assists students in their preparation
asked how he or she would handle it; or the and search for employment.
applicant is asked to describe how he or she
handled a real-life situation in the past. Caudal Closer to the coccyx (lower back).
Bias Opinion made before facts are known. CD-ROM Short for “compact disc—read-only
memory,” a type of optical disk capable of storing
Binge eating The compulsive consumption of large
large amounts of data.
quantities of food, beyond that needed to satisfy
physical hunger. Cell Smallest living structure of the body.
Bioinformatics The organization of biological data Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
into databases. A government agency that formulates safety
guidelines to help prevent and control the
Block letter A business letter format in which all
spread of infectious diseases.
lines are flush with the left margin except the
date, closing, and signature. Centigrade (C) Measurement of temperature
based on a freezing point of 0⬚ and a boiling
Body mass index Measurement of the relationship
point of 100⬚.
of weight to height using a mathematical
formula. Central processing unit (CPU) Located inside the
computer, it manages all operations, performs
Body mechanics The correct positioning of the
calculations, manipulates data, and stores pro-
body for a given task, such as lifting a heavy
gram instructions and data.
object or typing; when the correct muscles are
used and the body is in alignment, good body Cephalic (cranial) Closer to the head.
mechanics are being demonstrated. Certification The process of determining whether a
Body system Combination of two or more organs to person has met predetermined standards.
provide a major body function. Chain of command The organization of employees
Bradycardia A heart rate that is below the normal in which each person reports to a supervisor
rate. who, in turn, reports to another supervisor at
Bradypnea A respiratory rate that is below the normal the next higher level.
range. Chain of infection Defines the six criteria that must
Breach of contract When one of the parties in a be present for an infection to develop.
contract fails to fulfill its part of the agreement. Charting Recording observations and information
Bulimia Condition characterized by compulsive about patients.
eating of huge quantities of food, followed by Cheyne-Stokes A breathing pattern that has a period
self-induced vomiting and/or the use of large of apnea followed by a gradually increasing
amounts of laxatives. depth and frequency of respirations.
GLOSSARY 571
Chief complaint The patient’s statement of the types of health care applications are currently
main reason he or she is seeking medical care. available.
Chiropractic Health care practice based on the Confidentiality Preserving the legal right of a patient
belief that pressure on the nerves leaving the to privacy concerning his or her medical affairs.
spinal column causes pain and dysfunction of Consent To give permission; permission that is
the body part served by that nerve. given.
Cholesterol Fatty substances that can clog arteries. Consonant Any letter except a, e, i, o, and u.
Chronic illness Health problem of long duration in Constructive criticism Appropriate feedback on
which the disease condition shows little change performance of others, based on the belief that it
or slowly gets progressively worse. can be improved.
Chronological resume Employment resume that Contaminated Infectious material is present.
emphasizes work experience; the employment Continuing care community Provides a variety of
history section describes previous jobs in some living arrangements that support lifestyles as
detail. they change from independent living to the
Closed fracture When a bone is broken but does not need for regular medical and nursing care.
protrude through the skin. Continuing education Learning experiences
Closed-ended questions Inquiries that can be beyond those needed to earn the initial certifi-
answered with a single word or a response of cate or degree to work in an occupation.
“yes” or “no.” Continuing education unit (CEU) A credit granted
Code of ethics Principles created by professional for certain types of learning that take place after
organizations to serve as a guide for the conduct the completion of formal education; same as
of health care professionals in that occupation. continuing professional education (CPE).
Cognitive The intellectual processes that include Continuing professional education (CPE)
thought, awareness, and the ability to rationally Education and/or training to stay up-to-date
comprehend the world and determine meaning. in one's profession and/or to earn continuing
Coinsurance A cost-sharing provision in a health education credits.
insurance contract that stipulates that the Contract Promise that is enforceable by law.
insured is to assume a percentage of the costs of Contraction The combined form of two words; for
covered services. example, it is ⫽ it’s.
Cold calls Calling or visiting employers to make the Copay The set amount that the patient pays when
first contact. medical services are received.
Combining form A root word plus a vowel, in a Cost of money The amount that is lost when money
medical term. is not invested; often used to refer to money that
Combining vowel The letters a, e, i, o, or u when is owed to a business but not collected in a
used to link the root word to the next element in timely way.
a medical term. Cover letter A written document sent with resumes
Communicable disease A disease that can be as a way to introduce oneself and inform the
transmitted either directly or indirectly from one employer why the resume is being sent.
individual to another. Cranial cavity Located in the skull; contains the
Communication Process in which messages are brain.
exchanged and meanings interpreted between a Cross-training Training that health care employees
sender and a receiver. are given to perform tasks in addition to those
Compatibility The ability to be combined without traditionally assigned to their job titles.
unfavorable results. Culture The values, shared beliefs and attitudes,
Complementary medicine Health care practices, social organizations, family and personal rela-
products, and approaches to health care that tionships, language, everyday activities, reli-
have not traditionally been performed in con- gious practices, and concepts of time and space
ventional medical offices; practices used of a given group of people.
together with conventional medicine. Damages Money to compensate for an injury or
Computer literate Having the knowledge and skills loss.
to efficiently perform the computer tasks Database The organization of computerized infor-
required in one’s work, as well as a basic under- mation in a structured way that makes it easy to
standing of how computers work and what sort and access.
572 GLOSSARY
Decimal A linear arrangement of numbers based on Electronic mail A means of creating and sending
units of 10, containing a point (decimal point) to messages from one computer to another, using
separate the whole number from the fractional the Internet system of networks. Commonly
part of a number (e.g., 2.5). called e-mail.
Deductible An amount required to be paid under a Electronic spreadsheet Software that permits the
health insurance contract by the insured before user to apply the computer’s ability to perform
benefits become payable. high-speed calculations of numerical data.
Deep Farther from the body surface. Emancipated minor Someone under the age of 18
Defamation of character A legal charge for disclos- who is financially independent, married, or in
ing unauthorized information that could harm the military.
the reputation of another. Emergency disaster plan Policy and procedures to
Defense mechanism Behaviors that are usually per- be followed when an event occurs that has the
formed unconsciously in response to perceived potential to kill or injure a group of people.
threats to self-esteem; often provide temporary Empathy Striving to understand another person’s
relief from mental discomfort and anxiety. thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
Degrees Units of measurement used in angles, Employee handbook A source of employment
temperature readings, and depth of burns. policies.
Demographic Statistics about populations, such as Environmental safety The identification and
the number of people in a specific age group. correction of potential hazards that can cause
Designation of health care surrogate A legally accidents and injuries.
recognized document in which individuals Ergonomics The science of designing and
designate specific people to act on their behalf arranging things in the working and living
if they become unable to make health care environments to ensure maximum efficiency,
decisions for themselves. health, and safety; a good ergonomic environ-
Development The mental, emotional, and social ment maximizes the comfort level and efficiency
growth of individuals as they progress through of the person while limiting possible exposure to
life stages. discomfort or potential injury.
Diagnosis Determination of a disease or syndrome. Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development A
theory based on the psychosocial challenges that
Diagnostic Pertaining to identifying and determin-
are presented to individuals as they progress
ing the cause and extent of diseases and injuries.
through life stages.
Diagnostic procedures Tests performed to determine Estimating Expressing the approximate answer.
the diagnosis.
Ethical dilemma When the underlying principles of
Diagnostic-related group (DRG) A classification an ethical system appear to contradict each
system of patients based on their diagnoses to other and no clear answer emerges.
predetermine Medicare payments.
Ethics A system of principles (fundamental truths) a
Discreet Being careful about what you say, preserving society develops to guide decision making about
confidences, and respecting privacy. what is right and wrong; it helps people deal
Diseases Abnormal conditions created when the with difficult and complex problems that lack
normal anatomy and physiology of the body are easy answers.
altered. Etiology Study of the causes of diseases.
Diet The foods people habitually eat. Etiquette Manners; acceptable conduct.
Disinfectants Agents or methods that destroy most Eupnea Breathing that is within the normal range,
bacteria and viruses. is unlabored, and has an even rhythm.
Distal Farther from the reference base point. Euthanasia Performing a deliberate action that
Dominant culture What are generally considered to results in a painless, easy death for individuals
be the foundational beliefs and ideal behavior of with an incurable disease; same as mercy killing.
a society or country. Exhalation The part of the respiratory cycle when
Download Transfer data from one computer to air is removed from the lungs.
another. Expanding consciousness A theory developed
Dyspnea Labored breathing or difficulty with by Margaret Newman to assist patients in
breathing. making their lives as meaningful as possible by
GLOSSARY 573
focusing on their possibilities rather than their that the daily diet contains all nutrients neces-
limitations. sary for good health.
Expenditures The money that must be spent in the Fraction A method used to express numbers that
process of doing business (e.g., the cost of are not whole numbers; a fraction is read as
resources required to maintain a health care parts (numerator) to a whole (denominator).
delivery system). Fraud A form of dishonesty that involves cheating
Expert systems Computerized databases designed or trickery.
to assist health care professionals in diagnosing Free radicals Molecules that have unpaired, highly
and treating specific conditions. reactive electrons. In the body, they can damage
Express consent Permission that is given in writing. normal cells.
Express contract Result of the parties in a contract Frontal plane Divides the body vertically into front
discussing and agreeing on specific terms and and back portions.
conditions. Frostbite Condition in which the skin begins to
External bleeding When blood drains to the outside freeze.
of the body through a break in the skin. Full block letter A format in which all lines are
External customer People who come to the health flush with the left margin.
care provider for services; they may be referred Functional resume Employment resume that empha-
to as customers, patients, or clients. sizes professional and general qualifications
Fahrenheit (F) Measurement of temperature based rather than one’s work history.
on a freezing point of 32⬚ and a boiling point Fungi (pl. of fungus) Microorganisms that repre-
of 212⬚. sent a large group of simple plants; may be
False imprisonment A legal claim patients can pathogenic or nonpathogenic.
charge if they are held against their will, unless Gatekeeper A health care provider, often a physician,
they are mentally incompetent or a danger to who serves as the patient’s first contact when
themselves or others. entering the health care system; also known as
Fats Food substances that contain fatty acids and primary care provider.
provide the most concentrated form of energy Gateway Website that contains many links to other,
for the body. related websites.
Febrile A temperature that is elevated above the Gene therapy The insertion of normal DNA into
normal range. cells to correct a genetic defect or to treat certain
Feedback A method for the receiver of communica- diseases.
tion to check his or her understanding of what Germ theory States that specific microorganisms
the sender has said. called bacteria are the cause of specific diseases
Fee-for-service Method of payment in which the in both humans and animals.
patient pays the health care provider an amount Golden Rule A primary principle when assisting
from an established schedule of fees. others, meaning to “do no further harm.”
Fiber A substance in food that cannot be fully Good Samaritan Act A law to protect individuals
digested. from liability when they stop to assist someone
Fiber optics Technology that uses hair-thin cables to who has been hurt or is ill.
transmit data. Grammar A set of rules that determines proper
Field Basic data category in a database. word order, sentence construction, punctuation,
File A group of related computer records or and capitalization.
documents. Grievance A formal complaint about a circum-
Financing The source of money used to run a stance considered to be unfair or potentially
business. harmful.
First aid Emergency care provided to an accident vic- Growth Refers to the physical changes that nor-
tim or to someone who has become suddenly ill. mally take place as the body matures.
Flammable Easily set on fire; same as inflammable. Hard drive A data storage device located inside the
Food Guide Pyramid An eating plan developed by computer.
the U.S. Department of Agriculture based on tra- Hardware The physical components of the computer.
ditional eating habits. Its purpose is to ensure Hemorrhage Severe, heavy bleeding.
574 GLOSSARY
Hepatitis B A virus that causes a blood-borne Independent clause Part of a sentence that can
infection. An occupational hazard for health care stand on its own as a complete sentence.
professionals. Infection control Procedures to be followed to
HIV positive The condition of being infected by the prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
human immunodeficiency virus. Infectious disease Disease caused by growth of
Holistic medicine Health care practices based pathogens.
on the belief that all aspects of the individual— Inferior Below.
physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual— Inflammable Easily set on fire; same as flammable.
contribute to states of health and disease.
Informed consent Permission given for a procedure
Homeopathy A health care practice that is based to be performed after it and any possible conse-
on the idea that “like cures like.” Disorders are quences have been explained.
treated with very small amounts of the natural
substances that cause symptoms of the same Inhalation The part of the respiratory cycle when
disorder in healthy people. air enters the lungs.
Inpatient Admitted to and treated within a hospital.
Homeostasis Tendency of a cell or the whole organ-
ism to maintain a state of balance. Integrative medicine Combines treatments from
conventional medicine with complementary
Hospice A facility or service that offers palliative
and/or alternative medicine for which there is
(relieves but does not cure) care and support to
high quality scientific evidence of safety and
dying patients and their families.
effectiveness. (Also called integrated medicine.)
Host Living plants or animals from which microor-
Integrity A personal characteristic reflected as hon-
ganisms derive nourishment.
esty; choosing the right rather than the easy
Household system A measurement system based way; conducting oneself honestly and morally.
on common household items used to measure
Intermediate nursing care facility (INCF) A type
length, volume, and weight.
of nursing home that provides personal care,
Hypertension Blood pressure above the normal social services, and regular nursing care for indi-
range. viduals who do not require 24-hour nursing but
Hyperthermia Condition in which the body are unable to care for themselves.
temperature is above the normal range. Internal bleeding Blood loss that occurs inside the
Hypotension Blood pressure below the normal range. body.
Hypothermia Condition in which the body temper- Internal customer People who work within the
ature is below the normal range. health care industry—in other words, other
Illegal question A job-interview question that health care professionals.
requests information that cannot legally be used Internet A vast global system of computer networks
to make a hiring decision. linked with other networks that allows instant
Illness A state experienced by the body when one communication and the sharing of information.
or more of the control systems lose the ability to Invasive procedures Punctures or incisions of
maintain homeostasis. the skin or insertion of instruments or foreign
Immune response Defense used by the body to fight material into the body.
infection and disease by producing antibodies. Job description A list of duties, responsibilities,
Implied consent Permission for procedures and other important information about a specific
indicated by the patient’s actions; for example, job title.
showing up for a medical appointment. Job interview A conversation between an applicant
Implied contract When the actions of the parties and a potential employer to determine if there is
create a contract without it being detailed in a a match between the needs of the employer and
written format. the qualifications of the applicant.
Improper fraction A fraction in which the numera- Jobline Taped recordings, accessible by telephone,
tor is larger than the denominator. that contain information about current job
openings.
Incident report Written document that is filled out
when any unexpected situation occurs that can Joint dislocation When a joint becomes disconnected
cause harm to a patient, employee, or any other from its socket.
person. Justice Fairness.
GLOSSARY 575
Justified (text) A written format in which the text is areas in an effort to explain how human behav-
lined up with the margins. ior is motivated by efforts to meet these needs.
Key word A word or phrase used by search engines Massage therapy Manipulation of soft tissues by
to locate specific information on the Internet. rubbing or kneading to achieve health benefits.
Kinesthetic learner A person who learns new mate- Math anxiety A strong negative reaction to math
rial best through the performance of hands-on that interferes with the ability to concentrate,
activities. learn, and perform math calculations.
Lasers Focused light rays that can cut and remove Medial Toward the midline or center of the body.
tissue. Medic Alert An organization that provides
Lateral Away from center of body (toward the sides). bracelets or pendants for patients to wear that
Leadership An approach to working with others contain information or warnings about specific
that encourages people to work together and do medical problems.
their best to achieve common goals. Medicaid Federally funded but state-administered
Leading questions Inquiries in which all or part of insurance plan for individuals who qualify due
the answer is included in the wording of the to low income.
question. Medical asepsis or clean technique Procedures to
Learning objectives Educational goals; what stu- decrease the numbers and spread of pathogens
dents are to accomplish as the result of a lesson. in the environment.
Learning style A theory proposed that individuals Medical documentation Notes and documents
learn in different ways; the most common cate- that health care professionals add to a patient’s
gories are classified by the senses (sight, sound, medical record.
and touch). Medical history Data collected on a patient that
Legislation Laws. includes personal, familial, and social information.
Legumes Plants with seed pods that split along the Medical record The collection of all documents that
sides when ripe. Foods that are legumes include are filed together and form a complete chrono-
peas, beans, peanuts, lentils, and soybeans. logical health history of a particular patient.
Letters of recommendation Statements written on Medical terminology A language used by health
a job applicant’s behalf by former employers care professionals that includes specialized
and other professionals. terms and abbreviations.
Libel A legal charge for defamation of character Medicare A federally funded insurance program
(damaging someone’s reputation) committed in a that is part of the Social Security Administration
written form. and provides health insurance for people aged
Licensure A designation that means a person has 65 and older and others, such as the severely
been granted permission to legally perform cer- disabled, who qualify for Social Security.
tain acts. Meditation A process for quieting the mind by
Life review Telling the events of one’s life as a form clearing it of thoughts.
of self-evaluation and closure as the end of life Mentor A combination of coach and advisor who
approaches. can provide information and encourage.
Lifelong learning All purposeful learning activities, Mercy killing Performing a deliberate action that
both formal and informal, that take place results in a painless, easy death for individuals
throughout our lives. with an incurable disease; same as euthanasia.
Living will The part of an advance directive that Metabolism Processing and combining of nutrients
outlines the individual’s wishes regarding the to form tissue and/or produce energy for the
type and extent of medical care to be given. body.
Malpractice Professional negligence. Metric system A measurement system based on
Managed care Promotion of cost-effective health tens; basic units are length (meter), volume
care through the management and control of its (liter), and weight (gram).
delivery. Microbes Microorganisms that are pathogenic.
Manual dexterity Skill in working with one’s hands. Microbiology Scientific study of microorganisms.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs A model that catego- Microorganisms Small, usually one-celled living
rizes and ranks basic human needs into five plants or animals.
576 GLOSSARY
Microscope Instrument fitted with a powerful Obese A BMI of 30.0 or higher, which indicates the
magnifying lens. presence of considerably more body fat than is
Midsagittal plane Passes through the midline and considered to be healthy.
divides the body vertically into equal right and Objective As adjective, approaching situations from
left portions. a factual rather than an emotional perspective;
Military time A method of telling time that is based as noun, a statement of your job goal.
on a 24-hour clock. Objective data Direct observations made by the
Minerals Substances derived from non-living health care professional to evaluate a patient’s
matter that the body needs in small quantities to condition.
grow and function properly. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Minimum wage The lowest hourly amount that an (OSHA) A government agency that establishes
employee can legally be paid. minimum health and safety standards for the
workplace and has the authority to enforce those
Modem A device that converts outgoing messages
standards.
from a computer to a form that can be sent over
telephone or other lines. Open fracture When a broken bone protrudes
through the skin.
Modified block letter A format similar to the block
letter except that the first sentences of para- Open-ended questions Inquiries that require more
graphs are indented five spaces. than a one-word response; used to encourage
patients to provide more detailed information
Negligence Failure to meet the standard of care that or explanations.
can be reasonably expected from a person with
Opinion Beliefs that are not based on certainty or
certain training and experiences.
are made without researching the facts.
Negotiated fees Amount negotiated between insur-
Opportunistic infections Infection that occurs
ance companies and health care groups for the
due to the weakened physiological state of
cost of services; depending on the plan, the
the body.
patient either pays the difference in actual cost
of service or the health care group accepts the Organ The combination of two or more types of
negotiated amount as payment in full. tissues that work together to perform a specific
body function.
Network System of computers that are linked so
they can communicate and share data. Organic (referring to foods) Refers to certain
methods of growing food and raising livestock,
Networking Developing relationships with
including the use of natural rather than chemical
individuals who might help you meet your
fertilizers and pesticides.
professional goals or secure job leads.
Orthopnea When a patient has difficulty breathing
Neutropenic precautions Isolation procedures to
unless in a sitting or standing position.
protect an immunocompromised patient from
infections. Orthostatic (postural) hypotension Rapid lowering
of the blood pressure as a result of changing
Nomenclature Method of naming. positions.
Nonverbal communication Meaning conveyed by OSHA Occupational Safety and Health
tone of voice, body language, gestures, facial Administration.
expressions, touch, and physical appearance.
Osteopathy Health care practices based on the
Normal flora Microorganisms that commonly reside belief that the body can protect itself against
in a particular environment on or in the body. disease if the musculoskeletal system, especially
Nosocomial infection Infection that occurs while the spine, is in good order.
the patient is receiving health care. Osteoporosis Condition in which the bones lose
Nursing home Facility for the care of individuals their density and become fragile and more likely
who do not require hospitalization but who do to fracture.
need general nursing care and assistance per- Outpatient services Health care services that do not
forming daily living activities. require hospitalization; also referred to as ambu-
Nutrients Substances needed by the body to grow latory services.
and function properly. Overweight A BMI of 25.0 to 29.9, which indicates
Nutrition The process of obtaining food necessary the presence of more body fat than is considered
for health and growth. healthy.
GLOSSARY 577
Palliative Reducing pain or severity of a disease or Point of care charting Entering information about
condition rather than curing it. patients into the computer when at the patient’s
Pandemic A rapidly spreading disease that attacks home or health care facility bedside.
many people at the same time. Policy A rule established and followed by an
Pantomime Using body movement and gestures to organization.
convey ideas or actions. Portfolio An organized collection of written
Paraphrasing Rewording the sender’s message in documents to show to employers to support
the listener’s own words and asking the sender claims about a job applicant’s qualifications.
for confirmation. Posterior body cavity Consists of the cranial
Parasite Organism that nourishes itself at the and spinal cavity; protects the structures
expense of other living things and causes them of the nervous system; also called dorsal body
damage. cavity.
PASS Acronym for proper use of a portable fire Posterior (dorsal) Toward the back of the body.
extinguisher. (Pull the pin. Aim the nozzle at the Preauthorization Approval from an insurance com-
base of the fire. Squeeze the handle. Sweep back pany prior to receiving certain health care ser-
and forth along the base of the fire.) vices, for the purposes of determining medical
Pathogens Disease-causing microorganisms. necessity and cost effectiveness.
Pathophysiology The study of why diseases occur Prefix A word element that is attached to the
and how the body reacts to them (changes in beginning of roots and combining forms to add
function caused by disease). to or change their meaning.
Pelvic cavity Located in the lower abdomen; Prejudice Negative feelings about a person because
contains the urinary bladder, rectum, and he or she belongs to a specific cultural or racial
reproductive organs. group.
Percentage A method used to express a whole or Premium An agreed-upon amount paid to an insur-
part of a whole. The whole is written as 100%. ance company for the benefit of having the com-
pany pay for a specified amount of future health
Performance evaluation An evaluation and rating
care costs.
of an employee’s performance; also referred to
as a performance review. Prepaid plans A contracted type of insurance plan
in which health care providers are paid a spe-
Peripheral Anatomical term meaning away
cific amount to provide certain health benefits.
from the center; computer term for devices
attached to the computer, such as a keyboard Prevention (of disease) Behaviors that promote
or printer. health and prevent disease.
Personal space The distance at which people feel Primary care provider (PCP) Health care providers,
comfortable when carrying on a conversation. often physicians, who serve as the patient’s first
contact when entering the health care system;
Philosophy of individual worth A view based on
also known as gatekeepers.
the belief that every human being, regardless of
personal circumstances or personal qualities, has Principles Fundamental truths.
worth. Prioritize Ranking items that need to be done in
Physical development The growth of the body, order of importance.
including motor sensory adaptation. Probationary period Typically the first 60 to 90 days
Physiological needs Level 1 in Maslow’s hierarchy of employment, which provide an opportunity
of needs that must be satisfied in order to for the employer and employee to determine if
maintain life; these needs include oxygen, water, they have a “match.”
and food. Probing questions Inquiries that request additional
Physiology The study of the functions (how and information or clarification.
why something works) of an organism. Problem-solving process A sequence of organized
Plagiarism Copying the work of someone else and steps to follow when making decisions.
presenting it as one’s own work. Procedure Specific steps taken to perform a task.
Plan A step in SOAP charting that documents the Professional development Continually striving
procedures, treatments, and patient instructions to improve and be the best possible at your
that make up the patient’s care. profession.
578 GLOSSARY
Professional distance A healthy balance in the health Reasonable accommodation A legal requirement to
professional–patient relationship that involves supply or make changes in equipment or other
demonstrating a caring attitude toward patients aspects of the environment if necessary to
without the goal of becoming their friend. accommodate a disabled employee who is
Professionalism A set of characteristics and behav- qualified to perform the job.
iors that enables one to do the best job possible Receiver In communication, the person to whom
to provide and maintain high-quality service to the sender directs a message; also called the
patients and employers. listener.
Profit Amount of money remaining after all costs of Reciprocal A fraction that has been “turned upside-
operating a business have been paid. down” during the process of dividing fractions.
Prognosis Prediction of the possible outcome of a Record A collection of related computerized data.
disease and the potential for recovery. Reference A person who will vouch for your quali-
Progress notes Written chronological statements fications and character.
about a patient’s care. Reference list A written list given to prospective
Proportion A mathematical statement of equality employers upon request that includes contact
between two ratios. information for people who will vouch for your
Proteins Food substances that contain amino acids, job qualifications and character.
substances which are necessary for both build- Reference plane A real or imaginary flat surface
ing and maintaining the structural components from which an angle is measured.
of the body. Reflecting A communication technique that
Protocols Standard methods of performing tasks. involves prompting the sender to either com-
Protozoa Microorganisms that are classified as plete or add more detail to the original message.
animals. Registration Being placed on an official list after
Proximal Closer to the reference point. meeting the educational and testing require-
ments for a specific profession.
Psychiatric hospital A facility that offers treatment
to individuals with mental, emotional, and Reimburse To pay back or pay for.
behavioral disorders. Relaxation Techniques used to reduce stress by
Psychosocial The emotions, attitudes, and other releasing tension in the muscles in order to
aspects of the mind, in addition to the individ- improve blood circulation.
ual’s interactions and relationships with other Reliable Trustworthy.
members of society. Repetitive motion injury (RMI) Injury resulting
Psychosomatic Disorders, including physical ill- from a repeated movement that causes damage
ness, caused by mental or emotional factors. to a nerve, ligament, tendon, or muscle.
Pulse deficit The rate of difference between a pulse Requesting examples A communication technique
point and an apical rate when they are taken to get additional, clarifying information.
simultaneously. Rescue breathing A technique in which the rescuer
Pulse points Specific sites on the body where arter- breathes for the victim.
ial pulsations can be felt. Rescuer Person giving care during an emergency.
Quality improvement Processes used to find ways Respiration The process of taking air into and
to preserve or improve quality of care while removing air from the lungs; one respiration
decreasing costs. includes one full cycle of inhalation and
Quotation Words written exactly as spoken. exhalation.
RACE Acronym for responding to fires. (Remove Respondeat superior Legal doctrine that makes an
patients. Sound the Alarm. Contain the fire. employer responsible for the behavior and
Extinguish the fire or Evacuate the area.) actions of his or her employees.
RAM An internal computer workspace that stores Resume Written summary of personal and profes-
data only while the computer is on. sional qualifications.
Ratio A method used to express the strength of a Rickettsia A microorganism that is smaller than
solution; it represents how many parts of one bacteria and has rod or spherical shapes.
element are added in relationship to the parts of Risk management All the policies and procedures
another element. designed to ensure patient safety.
GLOSSARY 579
Role model A person who serves as a positive Slander A legal charge for defamation of character
example. (damaging someone’s reputation) committed in
Roman numerals A numbering system based a spoken form.
on I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), SOAP A format for charting that uses a problem-
and M (1000). oriented approach.
Root The part of the medical term that gives the Software Computer programs that contain instruc-
main meaning to the word; often refers to the tions that enable computers to function and per-
structure and function of the body. form various operations.
Rounding numbers Rules that determine whether Sphygmomanometer An instrument that records
a number is changed to zero, increased, or the blood pressure.
remains the same when digits are dropped from Spinal cavity Located within the spinal column;
the right side. contains the spinal cord.
Salutation Greeting. Sprain Torn ligament fibers that result in a
loosening of the joint.
Scope of practice A description or list of skills that
a specific occupational title is legally allowed to Stages of dying Stages that dying persons may
perform. experience as they face the fact of their own
death. The five stages are denial, anger, bargain-
Search engine Computer software program capable
ing, depression, and acceptance.
of searching through and retrieving millions of
documents on the Internet by using specific key Standard precautions Practices designed to reduce
words as identifiers. the risk of transmission of microorganisms from
both recognized and unrecognized sources of
Self-actualization Level 5 of Maslow’s hierarchy of infection in health care settings.
needs, defined as the achievement of one’s
Stem cell A cell from which other types of cells can
greatest potential.
develop.
Self-directed learning All activities that an individ-
Sterile field Area designated to be free of microor-
ual plans and participates in to increase knowl-
ganisms.
edge and skills.
Sterilization Agents or methods that totally destroy
Self-esteem An individual’s opinion of himself or all microorganisms, including viruses and
herself. spores.
Sender The person who creates and delivers a Stethoscope An instrument that amplifies sounds
message; also called the speaker. so they can be heard coming from within the
Sexual harassment Unwelcome actions that are body.
sexual in nature. Strain (muscle) Result of sudden tearing of muscle
Shaman Traditional healer who is believed to have fibers during exertion; also referred to as a
access to good and evil spirits. pulled muscle.
Signs Objective evidence gathered by health care Stress Physiological changes that occur in the body
professionals about a patient’s condition. as it responds to danger, either real or imagined.
Signs and symptoms The objective evidence (signs) Stressor Any cause of stress to the individual.
observed by the health care professional and the Style manual Contains preferred ways of organiz-
subjective data (symptoms) reported by patients ing and presenting written material, including
about their condition. forms for bibliographies and reference lists.
Site license Permission granting the installation of Subjective data Information the patient tells the
software on more than one computer. health care professional about his or her condi-
Situational question A job-interview question in tion; cannot be directly observed.
which the applicant is asked to describe how he Sucking wound A puncture into the respiratory
or she would respond to a given situation. system resulting in loss of air as the patient
Skilled nursing facility (SNF) A type of nursing breathes.
home that provides nursing and rehabilitation Suffix A word element that is attached to the end of
services on a 24-hour basis; includes regular roots and combining forms to add to or change
medical care for patients with long-term ill- their meaning; any word ending.
nesses and those recovering from illness, injury, Superficial Near or close to the body surface.
or surgery. Superior Above.
580 GLOSSARY
Surgical asepsis or sterile technique Procedures to Triage system Guidelines to determine which
completely eliminate the presence of pathogens patients to send where and what treatment will
from objects and areas. be given during an emergency.
Syllable Part of a word that has a single spoken Tuberculosis A disease caused by the contagious,
sound. airborne pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Sympathy Pity felt for another person. Type 2 diabetes Chronic disease characterized by
Symptoms Subjective data reported to the health high levels of sugar in the blood, a condition
care provider by the patient. which can damage many parts of the body.
Syndrome Not a precise disease but a group of Values Beliefs, ideal, and standards that provide the
related signs and symptoms. foundation for making decisions and guiding
behavior.
Tachycardia A heart rate that is above the normal
range. Victim Person requiring care during an emergency.
Tachypnea A respiratory rate that is above the Virtual communities Groups of individuals who
normal range. use the Internet to communicate and share infor-
mation with each other.
Targeted drug therapy Use of drugs to block the
growth and spread of cancer cells by preventing Viruses Smallest of the microbes; cannot be seen
them from dividing or by destroying them. under normal light; in computers, refers to pro-
grams that contain instructions to perform
Team Groups of people working together in a
destructive operations.
coordinated effort to achieve a common goal or
set of goals. Visual learner A person who learns new material
best by seeing it.
Telemedicine The practice of medicine, such as
diagnosing and recommending treatment, over Vital signs Measuring the blood pressure, tempera-
telephone lines. ture, pulse, and respiration to give some indica-
tion of how the body is functioning.
Terminal illness An illness from which the patient is
Vital statistics The number of occurrences related to
expected to die because there is no known cure.
a specific event (e.g., births and deaths) for
Therapeutic Relating to healing and assisting purposes of reporting.
patients to regain or attain maximum wellness.
Vitamins Substances derived from living matter
Thoracic cavity Located in the chest; contains the that the body needs in small quantities to grow
heart, lungs, and major blood vessels. and function properly.
Tissue Groups of cells that have a similar function. Vowel The letters a, e, i, o, and u.
Toxic Poisonous. Web directories Web pages on which large
Traits Personal characteristics. collections of information are organized into
Trans fat Vegetable oil to which hydrogen has been broad topics and linked to other Web pages.
added; has negative impact on cholesterol levels. Wellness Promotion of health through preventive
Transmission-based precautions Includes three measures and the practice of good health habits;
types of isolation procedures (airborne, droplet, when the body is in a state of homeostasis.
and contact precautions) required for preventing Whole numbers The traditional numbers we use to
the spread of specific infections. count (1, 2, 3 . . .).
Transverse plane Divides the body horizontally Word processing A software program for creating
into top and bottom portions. written documents on a computer.
Treatment Medications or procedures used to con- Wound Damage to the soft tissue of the body as a
trol or cure a disease or injury. result of violence or trauma.
REFERENCES
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (March 2001). the World Wide Web: www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/
Reducing and preventing adverse drug events to nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_10.pdf
decrease hospital costs. Research in Action, Issue 1. Arnst, C. (2009, February 24). “Health outlays may hit
AHRQ Publication Number 01-0020. Retrieved $2.5 trillion in 2009.” Business Week. Retrieved
December 26, 2009, from the World Wide Web: December 23, 2009, from the World Wide Web:
www.ahrq.gov/qual/aderia/aderia.htm www.businessweek.com/print/technology/
Alexander Graham Bell Association. (1996). Communicating content/feb2009/tc20090223_440746.htm
with people who have a hearing loss. [Brochure]. Borgstadt, M. (1996). Understanding & caring for human
Washington, DC: Author. diseases. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar
American Association of Naturopathic Physicians. Learning.
(2010). What is naturopathic medicine? Retrieved Bureau of Labor Statistics. Career guide to industries, 2010-11
March 31, 2010, from the World Wide Web: edition: Healthcare. (Last modified February 2, 2010.)
www.naturopathic.org/ Retrieved August 18, 2010, from the World Wide
American Dietetic Association. (n.d.) Make healthy food Web: www.bls.gov/oco/cg/cgs035.htm
choices. Retrieved December 14, 2009, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment projections.
World Wide Web: www.eatright.org/Public/ Retrieved November 20, 2009, from the World Wide
content.aspx?id=2312 Web: www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_102.htm
American Medical Association. (1993). Ethical considera- Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational outlook handbook,
tions in the allocation of organs and other scarce medical 2004–2005 edition. Indianapolis: JISTWorks.
resources among patients. Retrieved March 31, 2010, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational outlook handbook,
from the World Wide Web: www.ama-assn.org/ 2010–11 edition. Retrieved March 31, 2010, from the
ama1/pub/upload/mm/369/ceja_ka93.pdf World Wide Web: www.bls.gov/oco
American Medical Association. (n.d.). Guidelines for Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational outlook handbook,
physician-patient electronic communications. Retrieved 2010-11 edition: Home health aides and personal and
March 31, 2010, from the World Wide Web: www home care aides. (Last modified December 17, 2009.)
.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-people/ Retrieved August 18, 2010, from the World Wide
member-groups-sections/young-physicians-section/ Web: www.bls.gov/oco/ocos326.htm
advocacy-resources/guidelines-physician-patient- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (Last modified
electronic-communications.shtml April 19, 2010.) Alcohol and public health. Retrieved
American Red Cross. (2006). First aid/CPR/AED for schools August 18, 2010, from the World Wide Web:
and the community. San Bruno, CA: Staywell. www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.htm
American Red Cross. (2007). Responding to emergencies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (Last updated
(4th ed.). Yardley, PA: Staywell. June 30, 2009). Antibiotic resistance questions and
Anderson, R., Barbara, A. & Feldman, S. (2007). What answers. Retrieved December 23, 2009, from the
patients want: A content analysis of key qualities that World Wide Web: www.cdc.gov/getsmart/
influence patient satisfaction. Journal of Medical Practice antibiotic-use/anitbiotic-resistance-faqs.html
Management, 22(5), 255–61. Retrieved February 9, 2009, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (Last updated
from the World Wide Web: www.drscore.com/press/ January 18, 2010). FastStats. Obesity and overweight.
papers/whatpatientswant.pdf Retrieved March 31, 2010, from the World Wide
Apple Inc. (2010). iPhone in Business. Mount Sinai Hospital. Web: www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/overwt.htm
iPhone provides the vital link to medical recoreds. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Standard pre-
Retrieved March 31, 2010, from the World Wide cautions. Retrieved October 9, 2009, from the World
Web: www.apple.com/iphone/business/profiles/ Wide Web: http://www.cdc.gov
mt-sinai/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tobacco use.
Appleby, J. (2009, August 12). Lessons from Seattle on Targeting the nation’s leading killer: At a glance 2010.
medical records’ electronic transmission. The Bulletin Retrieved March 31, 2010, from the World Wide
(Bend, Oregon), pp. A1, A5. Web: www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/
Arias, E., Rostron, B. L., & Tejada-Vera, B. (2010, March 3). publications/AAG/osh.htm
“United States Life Tables, 2005.” National Vital Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tuberculosis—
Statistics Report, 58(10). Retrieved March 31, 2010, from data and statistics. Retrieved October 9, 2009, from
581
582 REFERENCES
the World Wide Web: http://www.cdc.gov/tb/ Haddad, A. M. (1992). Ethical problems in home healthcare.
statistics Journal of Nursing Administration 22(3), 46–51.
Central Intelligence Agency. The world factbook 2009. Infant Health Grades. (2008). Fifth annual patient safety in
mortality rate. Retrieved March 31, 2010, from the American hospitals study. (2008 April). Retrieved
World Wide Web: www.cia.gov/library/publications/ March 31, 2010, from the World Wide Web:
the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html www.healthgrades.com/media/DMS/pdf/HealthG
Colbert, B., & Ankney J. (2006). Anatomy and Physiology for radesPatientSafetyRelease2008.pdf
health professionals: An interactive journey. Clifton Hegner, B., Caldwell, E., & Needham, J. (2003). Nursing
Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. assistant: A nursing process approach (10th ed.). Clifton
Collins, M. (1985). Communication in health care: The human Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.
condition in the life cycle. St. Louis: Mosby. Hoffman, G. L. How to write the perfect thank-you note after
Cooperative Concepts Customer Service Statistics. the interview. Retrieved March 31, 2020, from the
Retrieved September 8, 2000, from the World Wide World Wide Web: www.usnews.com/money/blogs/
Web: http://cooperativeconcepts.com/articles/ outside-voices-careers/2009/02/10/the-perfect-
custservstat.html thank-you-note-after-the-interview
Cross, K. P. (1981). Adults as learners: Increasing participation Hosley, J., Jones, S., & Molle-Matthews, E. (1997).
and facilitating learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Lippincott’s textbook for medical assistants.
Danis, S. J. The impaired nurse. Retrieved September 27, Philadelphia: Lippincott.
2000, from the World Wide Web: http://nsweb Jha, A. K., DesRoches, C. M, Campbell, E. G., Donelan, K.,
.nursingspectrum.com/ce/ce153.html Rao, S. R., Ferris, T. G., . . . Blumenthal, M. D. (2009,
Deafness Research Foundation. (2008). Hearing statistics. April 16). Use of Electronic Health Records in U.S.
Retrieved March 31, 2010, from the World Wide Hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine. Retrieved
Web: www.drf.org/Statistics December 26, 2009, from the World Wide Web:
DeLaune, S., & Ladner, P. (2006). Fundamentals of nursing: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/360/16/1628.pdf
Standards & practice. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar JobStar Central. (n.d.). Hidden job market—What is it?
Cengage Learning. Retrieved March 31, 2010, from: http://
Delmar Learning. (2005). Quick reference for health care jobstar.org/hidden/hidden.php#wheread
providers. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Jones, B. D. (2007). Comprehensive medical terminology (3rd
Learning. ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning.
Ehrlich, A. (2008). Medical terminology for health professions Kee, J. L., & Marshall, S. M. (2008). Clinical calculations with
(6th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage applications to general and specialty areas (6th ed.).
Learning. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (Last Keir, L., Wise, B., & Krebs, C. (1998). Medical assisting:
modified June 27, 2002). Facts about sexual harassment. Administrative and clinical competencies (4th ed.).
Retrieved March 31, 2010, from the World Wide Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Web: www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-sex.html Kelz, R. (1982). Conversational Spanish for medical personnel
Erikson, Erik H. (1998). The life cycle completed. New York: (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage
W. W. Norton & Company. Learning.
Estes, M. E. Z. (2009). Health assessment & physical Kennamer, M. (2007). Basic infection control for health care
examination (4th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar providers (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar
Cengage Learning. Cengage Learning.
Fell-Carlson, D. (2008). Working safely in health care: Kongstvedt, P. R. (2007). Essentials of Managed Health care
A practical guide. Clifton Park, NY: Cengage Learning. (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Flight, M. (1998). Law, liability, and ethics for health care Krager, D., & Krager, C.H. (2008). HIPAA for Health Care
professionals (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar professionals. Clifton Park, NY: Cengage Learning.
Cengage Learning. Kübler-Ross, E. (1975). Death: The final stage of growth.
Flight, M. (2004). Law, liability, and ethics for medical office Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
professionals (4th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Kübler-Ross, E. (1977). On death and dying. New York:
Cengage Learning. Macmillan.
Frey, K. B., & Ross, T. (Eds.) (2008). Surgical technology LaVallie, D. L., & Wolf, F. M. Publication trends and impact
for the surgical technologist (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, factors in the medical informatics literature. Retrieved
NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. December 26, 2009, from the World Wide Web:
Green, M. (2008). Understanding health insurance. Clifton www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560603/
Park, NY: Cengage Learning. Lazarou, J., Pomeranz, B. H., & Corey, P. N. (1998).
Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. (2005). Textbook of medical physiology Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized
(11th ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. patients: A meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Hacker, D. (2007). A writer’s reference (6th ed.). Boston: Journal of the American Medical Association 279,
Bedford/St. Martins. 1200–1205.
REFERENCES 583
Lee, T. P., & Pfeifer, M. E. (2009/2010). Building bridges: National Conference on Medical, Legal and Ethical
Teaching about the Hmong in our communities. Retrieved Issues of Eldercare. (September 28, 2007). Retrieved
August 16, 2010 from the World Wide Web: http:// March 30, 2010, from the World Wide Web: www
hmongcc.org/BuildingBridgesGeneralPresentation.pdf .allbusiness.com/services/business-services/
Lindh, W., Pooler, M., Tamparo, C., & Cerrato, J. (1998). 4523619-1.html
Delmar’s comprehensive medical assisting: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (Revised April
Administrative and clinical competencies. Clifton Park, 2006). Your guide to lowering your blood pressure with
NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. DASH—DASH eating plan. Retrieved December 15,
Lindh, W., Pooler, M., Tamparo, C., & Dahl, B. (2010). 2010, from the World Wide Web: www.nhlbi.nih
Delmar’s comprehensive medical assisting: .gov/health/public/heart/hbp/dash/new_dash.pdf
Administrative and clinical competencies. (4th ed.). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. (Updated March 2008). Traffic safety facts. 2006 data.
Marino, K. (2000). Resumes for the health care professional Alcohol-impaired driving. Retrieved March 31, 2010,
(2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. from the World Wide Web: www-
Martini, F. H., & Bartholomew, E. E. (2008). Essentials of nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810801.PDF
anatomy and physiology (4th ed.). San Francisco: National Institutes of Health Resource for Stem Cell
Benjamin Cummings. Information. (Last updated April 21, 2009.) Stem cell
Mayo Clinic. (Updated June 23, 2009). Heart disease. basics. Retrieved July 10, 2010, from the World
Mediterranean Diet: Choose this heart-healthy option. Wide Web: http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/
Retrieved December 15, 2009, from the World basics4.asp
Wide Web: www.mayoclinic.com/health/ National Library of Medicine. (June 16, 2008). Health infor-
mediterrean-diet/CL00011 mation. Retrieved December 26, 2009, from the World
Mayo Clinic. (2008, January 5). Nutrition & healthy eating. Wide Web: www.nlm.nih.gov/hinfo.html
Vegetarian diets: How to get the best nutrition. Retrieved Newman, M. (2010). Health as expanding consciousness.
December 15, 2009, from the World Wide Web: www Retrieved March 31, 2010, from the World Wide Web:
.mayoclinic.com/health/vegetarian-diet/H001596 http://www.healthasexpandingconsciousness.org
Mayo Clinic. (2008, December 20). Organic foods: Are they North Dakota State University. (Last updated January 7,
safer? More nutritious? Retrieved December 16, 2009, 2010). What is telepharmacy? Retrieved March 31,
from the World Wide Web: www.mayoclinic.com/ 2010, from the World Wide Web: www.ndsu.edu/
health/organic-food/NU00255 telepharmacy/
Miller-Keane encyclopedia & dictionary of medicine, nursing, & Open Clinical. Knowledge management for health care.
allied health (7th ed.). (2005). Philadelphia: Retrieved on January 25, 2006, from the World
W. B. Saunders. Wide Web: http://www.openclinical.org/
Milliken, M. E., & Honeycutt, A. (2004). Understanding aisinpractice.html
human behavior (7th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar
Paperny, D. (Summer 1997). Computerized expert health
Cengage Learning.
assessment with automated health education.
Mokdad, A., Marks, J. S., Stroup, D. F., & Gerberding, The Permanente Journal. Retrieved March 31, 2010,
J. L. (2004). Actual causes of death in the United from the World Wide Web: http://xnet.kp.org/
States, 2000. Journal of the American Medical permanentejournal/sum97pj/healthed.html
Association. 291(10), 1238, 1241.
PEPNet-Northeast. (2004). Deaf culture. Retrieved March
Mullaney, T., & Weintraub, A. (2005, March 28). The digital 31, 2010, from the World Wide Web: www
hospital. Business Week, 76–84. .netac.rit.edu/downloads/tpsht_deaf_culture.pdf
National Center for Complementary and Alternative
Purtilo, R., & Haddad, A. (2007) Health professional and
Medicine. What is CAM? (Updated February 2007.)
patient interaction (7th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Retrieved December 23, 2009, from the World Wide
Web: http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/ Schimeld, L. A. (1999). Essentials of diagnostic microbiology.
overview.htm Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Scott, A. S., & Fong, E. (2008). Body structures & functions
Medicine. (Last updated December 2008.) The use of (11th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage
complementary and alternative medicine in the United Learning.
States. Retrieved August 18, 2010, from the World Sormunen, C., & Moisio, M. (2009). Terminology for allied
Wide Web: http://nccam.nih.gov/news/camstats/ health professionals (6th ed.). Clifton Park, NY:
2007/camsurvey_fs1.htm Delmar Cengage Learning.
National Center on Elder Abuse. (2005). Fact Sheet. Elder Steefel, L. (2000). Nursing in the face of diversity. Nursing
abuse prevalence and incidence. Retrieved March 31, spectrum career fitness online. Retrieved September 19,
2010, from the World Wide Web: www.ncea.aoa 2000, from the World Wide Web: http://nsweb
.gov/NCEARoot/Main_Site/pdf/publication/Final .nursingspectrum.com/Articles/NursingFaceDiversity
Statistics050331.pdf CF.htm
584 REFERENCES
Tamparo, C. D., & Lewis, M. A. (2005). Diseases of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
human body (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis. Administration on Aging. Aging statistics. Retrieved
Tamparo, C. D., & Lindh, W. Q. (2008). Therapeutic November 20, 2009, from the World Wide Web:
communications for health care (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, www.aoa.gov/AoARoot/Aging_Statistics/index.aspx
NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Office for
Tasker, F. (2008, December 10). A doctor’s eye on the Civil Rights—HIPAA. Medical Privacy—national stan-
battlefield—coming soon? The Bulletin (Bend, dards to protect the privacy of personal health informa-
Oregon), pp. A1, A7. tion. Retrieved March 29, 2006, from the World Wide
Taylor, C., Lillis, C., & LeMone, P. (2006). Fundamentals Web: http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa; Fact sheet:
of nursing: The art and science of nursing care (6th ed.). protecting the privacy of patients’ health information.
Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. Retrieved July 27, 2005, from the World Wide Web:
Terhune, C. (2009, December 21).What health reform won’t http://www.hhs.gov/news/facts/privacy.html
cure. Business Week, 46–49. U.S. Department of Justice. Drug Enforcement
Terhune, C., Epstein, K., & Arnst, C. (2009, May 4). Administration. Office of Diversion Control. (n.d.)
The dubious promise of digital medicine. Business Drug addiction in health care professionals. Retrieved
Week. March 18, 2010, from the World Wide Web:
Thomas, C. L. (2009). Taber’s cyclopedic medical dictionary www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/brochures/
(21st ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis. drug_hc.htm
Thomas, T. H. (2004). What are old people for? How elders will U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. (January 22, 2002).
save the world. Acton, MA: VanderWyk & Burnham. Sec. 812. Schedules of controlled substances. Retrieved
U.S. Census Bureau. (2006) Families and living arrangments. March 29, 2010 from the World Wide Web: www
Retrieved March 31, 2010, from the World Wide .justice.gov/dea/pubs/csa/812.htm#c
Web: www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/ U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (Last updated
releases/archives/families_households/006840.html August 5, 2009). FDA 101: Health fraud awareness.
U.S. Census Bureau. (September 8, 2005). Hispanic heritage Retrieved December 23, 2009, from the World
month: September 15–October 15. Retrieved December Wide Web: www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/
2009 from www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/ ProtectYourself/HealthFraud/default.htm
releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/ Washington University School of Medicine (2009, April 3).
005338.html Sleep may help clear brain for new learning. Science
U.S. Census Bureau. (Last revised February 23, 2010). State Daily. Retrieved December 16, 2009, from www
and county quick facts. Retrieved March 31, 2010, .sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090402143503
from the World Wide Web: http://quickfacts.census .htm
.gov/qfd/states/06000.html Williams, S. (2005). Essentials of health services (3rd ed.).
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (Last modified September Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.
10, 2009). Dietary guidelines. Retrieved December 15, Williams, S. J., & Torrens, P. R. (2008). Introduction to health
2009, from the World Wide Web: www services (7th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage
.mypyramid.gov/guidelines/index.html Learning.
INDEX
Following page numbers, b refers to boxes; f to figures; p to procedures; and t to tables.
A Air Chart 3000, 408 Arterial bleeding, 447

Alexander technique, 209 Arteries, 151, 153
Abbreviations, in medical terms, Alimentary canal, 159 Arteriosclerosis, 156
95–96 Allergic reactions, 447–448 Arthritis, 144
Abdominal cavity, 131f, 132 Alternative medicine, 52 Artificial intelligence, 385
Abduction, 144–145 Alveoli, 158 Ascites, 161, 436
Abuse, of children, 70–71, 74–75 Alzheimer’s disease, 172–173 Asepsis/aseptic technique, 225
Abuse, of the elderly, 74–75 Ambulatory services, 48, 49t Asian Americans, 320t
Acceptance, and dying, 198–199 Amenorrhea, 178 Assault, 70–71
Access, to health care, 56 American Association of Medical Assertiveness, 294
Account payable, 489 Assistants (AAMA), 65b Assessment
Account receivable, 489 American Heart Association, 479 of blood pressure, 431–435
Acetabulum, 143 American Hospital Association, 81 defined, 30
Acquired immunodeficiency American Red Cross, 479 general, 414–419
syndrome (AIDS), 44t, 78, 157, American Sign Language (ASL), 347 of height and weight, 435–439
248–249 Americans with Disabilities Act, 555t in medical record, 404
Acromegaly, 176 Amino acids, 279 of pulse, 425–429
Acting with thought, 491–492 Amputations, 451p–452p of respirations, 430–431
Active listening, 343 Anaerobic bacteria, 219 of temperature, 419–425
Activities of daily living (ADL) Anaphylactic shock, 447 Assisted living residence, 48
assessment, 419 Anatomical position, 130 Asthma, 159
Acupuncture, 56, 209 Anatomy, 138 Astigmatism, 168
ADAM software, 389 Anemia, 156 Atelectasis, 159
Addison’s disease, 174 Anesthesiologist, 11b Atherosclerosis, 156–157
Adduction, 144–145 Aneurysm, 156 Athlete’s foot, 150
Adolescence, 187t, 192, 196t, 197 Anger, and dying, 198 Athletic trainer, 4t
Adrenal glands, 175t–176t Angina pectoris, 156 Atoms, ions, 127f
Adrenocorticotropic hormone Angles, in health care, 114 Atrial chambers, 151
(ACTH), 174 Anorexia nervosa, 285 Atrioventricular (AV) node, 151–152
Ads, for job openings, 515 Antagonist, 146–147 Atrophy, of muscle, 147
Adult, defined, 71 Anterior (ventral), 131f, 132t Attitude, 291–292
Adult day care, 49t Anterior body cavity, 132 Auditory learner, 32, 97t
Adult foster home (care), 48 Antibiotic resistance, 58, 221 Auditory nerve, 166
Adult stage, of being, 197 Antibiotics, 219, 221, 499 Aural (tympanic) thermometer,
Advanced cardiac life support Antiseptics, 240 422p, 423, 424f, 425f
(ACLS), 446 Anvil (incus), 166 Auricle, 166
Advance directive, 72–73, 341 Apex, 132t Autoclave, 241f
Aerobic activity, 286 Aphasia, 172 Autoimmune diseases, 157
Aerobic bacteria, 219 Apical pulse, 426, 427–429 Autonomic nervous system, 170–171
Afebrile temperature, 424 Aplastic anemia, 156 Autonomy, 70–73
African Americans, 320t, 324 Apnea, 430 Axial skeleton, 141–143
Agency for Healthcare Research and Apothecary system, of measurement, Axillary thermometer, 421p, 425f
Quality, 397 117–118 Axon, 171–172
Agenda, for meeting, 370–371 Appearance, personal, 300
Agent, in health care, 79 Appendicitis, 161
Aging, 45 Appendicular skeleton, 141, 143–144 B
AIDS. See Acquired immunodefi- Appendix, 161 Baby Boomers, 188
ciency syndrome (AIDS) Application program, 394 Bacilli, 220
Airborne precautions, 236t, 237f Aqueous humor, 166 Back pain, 144
585
586 INDEX
Bacteria, 220–221 examples of, 366f–370f, 373f Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 170
Bacteriocidal method, 240 formats for, 364–365 Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), 172
Bacteriostatic method, 240 See also Letters of recommendation; Cerebrum, 168
Bandaging, 453f, 454f, 467, 475–479 Written communication Certification, for health care
Banting, F.G., 42t professionals, 6
Bargaining, and dying, 198 Certified Medical Assistant
Barriers, to communication, 346 C (CMA), 12t
Bartholin’s glands, 178 Calories, 279–280 Certified nursing assistant (CNA), 14
Base, 132t Cancer Certified registered nurse anesthetist
Battery, 70–71 of the blood (leukemia), 157 (CRNA), 14t
Behavioral question, 533 colon, 161 Certified registered nurse practitioner
Belly, of muscle, 146 Hodgkin’s disease, 157 (CRNP), 14t
Benign prostatic hypertrophy lung, 159 Certified surgical technician (CST),
(BPH), 180 skin, 150 18–19
Bernhardt, Sarah, 194b Capillaries, 151, 154 Cervix, 178
Beth Israel Medical Center, 82 Capital Community College, 372 Chain of command, 551
Bias, 28 Capitalization rules, 362 Chain of infection, 223, 225–226
Bile, 161 Capitation, 485 Charting, 400, 404–406
Binge eating, 285 Carbohydrates, 279 Charting by exception (CBE), 405
Bioinformatics, 388–389 Cardiac muscles, 146 Chemical burns, 461p
Biologically-based practices, 53t Cardiac sonographer/ Chemical-dot thermometers, 423, 424f
Biomedical engineer, 27t echocardiographer, 24 Chemical hazard, 261t, 270
Biomedical equipment technician, Cardiac tissue, 130 Chest pain (angina), 468p
27–28 Cardiologist, 11b Cheyne-Stokes respiration, 430
Bioterrorism, 271–272 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Chief complaint, 404, 414
Bird flu, 252t (CPR), 444, 446 Child abuse, 70–71, 74–75
Blackwell, Elizabeth, 41t Cardiopulmonary system, 157 Chinese medicine, 323
Bleeding, wound procedures, 449–452 Cardiovascular accident (CVA), 472p Chiropractic, 55
Block letter, 365, 367f Cardiovascular technologist/ Cholecystitis, 161
Blood pressure, 431–435 diagnostic vascular technologist, Cholelithiasis, 161
Blood pressure cuff, 432f 23–24 Cholesterol, 284
Body. See Human body Career Builder, 526 Choroid, 164
Body language, 342 Career ladders, 7 Christian Scientists, health care
Body mass index (BMI), 284, 438–439 Career service center, 509, 512–513 beliefs of, 323
Body mechanics See also Job search; Occupations Chronic bronchitis, 159
and back belts, 211–212 Carotid pulse, 425 Chronic illness, 193
and computers, 212–214 Carpals, 143 Chronic obstructive pulmonary
importance of prevention, 206–207 Carpal tunnel syndrome, 144, 207t disease (COPD), 159
and RMIs, 207–210 Cartilage, 141 Chronological resume, 519
and stress, 208 Cataract, 167 Cilia, 159
Boils (furuncles), 150 Catholicism, health care beliefs in, 323 Ciliary muscles, 164
Bone, joint, muscle injuries, 452–454 Caudal, 132t Circulatory system, 150–157, 182t, 417
Bones. See Skeletal system CD-ROM, 389, 394 Circumcision, 180
Bowman’s capsule, 162 Cell body, 171 Circumduction, 144–145
Brachial pulse, 425 Cells, 126, 127f, 128 Cirrhosis, 161
Bradycardia, 429 Cellulitis, 150 Civil Rights Act (1964), 555t
Bradypnea, 430 Celsius (C), 119–120 Clavicles, 143
Brain stem, 170 Centers for Disease Control and Clinical psychologist (PhD or PsyD),
Breach of contract, 78 Prevention (CDC), 50t, 225, 13t
Breasts (mammary glands), 178 251, 257 Clinical social worker, 13t
Breathing difficulties, 467p Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Clitoris, 178
Bronchi, 158 Services, 492, 497–498, 505 Closed-ended questions, 340
Bronchioles, 158 Central nervous system (CNS), Closed fracture, 452
“Buffalo hump,” 174 168–170 Coccobacilli, 220
Bulimia, 285 Central processing unit (CPU), 393 Cochlea, 167
Bundle of His, 152 Centrioles, 128, 129f Codes of ethics, 64–65
Burnout, 294 Cephalic (cranial), 132t Coding, 490
Burns, George, 194b Cerebellum, 170 Coding specialist (CCS), 25–26, 26t
Bursa, 144 Cerebral cortex, 168–169 Cognitive growth, 186–187
Business letters Cerebral palsy, 172 Coinsurance, 487
INDEX 587
Cold calling, 514 Confidentiality, 77, 78, 371 On Death and Dying, 197
Colon cancer, 161 Congenital anomalies, 188 Decimals, 105, 106t, 108, 109t
Combining form, 87, 88t, 98f Congestive heart failure, 157 Deductible, 487
Combining vowel, 87 Conjunctiva, 166 Deep (directional term), 132t
Communicable disease, 219 Conjunctivitis, 167 Defamation of character, 78
Communication Connective tissue, 128, 129f Defense mechanisms, 223–225,
and computers, 389–392 Consent, 70, 72b 329–330
delivering message, 341–343 Consonant, 87, 360t Degenerative jhoint disease, 144
evaluating encounter, 345–346 Constipation, 161 Degrees, 114
feedback, clarification, 344–345 Constructive criticism, 503–504 Dehydration, 148
goals of, 338–339 Contact dermatitis, 150 Dementia, 172
gossip and patient privacy, 352 Contact precautions, 236t, 239f Demographics, 307–308
group presentations, 351–352 Contamination, 219 Dendrites, 171–172
importance of, 336–337 Continuing care community, 49 Denial, and dying, 198
listening to response, 343–344 Continuing education, 302 Dental assistant (CDA or RDA), 4t, 8
message and questions in, 339–341 Continuing education units (CEUs), Dental hygienist (RDH or LDH), 4t, 8
nonverbal, 341–343 308–310 Dental laboratory technician, 7–9, 8–9
and patient education, 350–351 Continuing professional education Dentist (DDS or DMD), 8t
and patients with special needs, (CPE), 308 Department of Health and Human
346–349 Continuous quality improvement Services, 81
by telephone, 349–350 (CQI), 498, 501b Depression, and dying, 198
See also Patients; Written Contraction, 363 Dermatitis, 150
communication Contracts, 78 Dermatologist, 11b
Community career centers, 513 Contracture, of muscle, 147–148 Dermis, 149
See also Career service center Controlled substances, 75, 76b Destructive criticism, 503–504
Compatibility, 270 Convolutions, of the brain, 168 Development, 186
Complementary and alternative Copay, 485 Diabetes, 468p–469p
medicine (CAM), 52–56 Cornea, 164 Diabetes, Type 2, 284
Computerized tomography (CT), Corpus, of uterus, 178 Diabetes insipidus, 176
384t, 385f Corpus callosum, 168 Diabetes mellitus, 174
Computerized tomography Cost of money, 489 Diagnosis, 138–139
technologist, 22t Cover letters, for resume, 522–526 Diagnostic imaging, 384
Computer literacy, 377 Cowper’s (bulbourethral) gland, 180 Diagnostic medical sonographer, 23
Computers Cranial cavity, 130 Diagnostic occupations, 7
charting with, 405–406 Cranial nerves, 170 Diagnostic procedures, 138
and communication, 389–392 Criticism, 301, 302f Diagnostic-related group (DRG), 487
creating documents for, 381–382 Cross-training, 364 Diagnostic vascular technologist,
diagnostic tools for, 383–386 Culture, 317–322 23–24
and education, 389 Cumulative Index to Nursing and Dialysis, 163
and electronic medical records Allied Health Literature Diaphragm, 158–159
(EMR), 379–381 (CINAHL), 388 Diaphysis, 140
hardware for, 393–394 Current Procedural Terminology Diarrhea, 161
in health care, 376–377 (CPT), 490 Diastolic pressure, 431
and the human touch, 396 Curvature of the spine, 144 Dictionary, medical, 97
and information management, Cushing’s syndrome, 174 Diencephalon, 170
377–379 Customer service Diet, 279, 281–283
learning more about, 396–397 assuring, 500–501 See also Lifestyle management
monitoring patients, 387–388 and constructive criticism, 503–504 Dietetic assistant, 27t
and pharmaceuticals, 386–387 for internal, external customers, Dietetic technician (DTR), 27
and rehabilitation, 386 499–500, 503–504 Dietitian (RD), 27t
and research, 388–389 satisfaction in, 501–503 Digestive system, 159–162, 182t, 417
security for, 395–396 Cutaneous infections, 221–222 Diplobacilli, 220
software for, 381–383, 394 Cystitis, 163 Diplococci, 220
and telemedicine, 392 Cytoplasm, 128, 129f Discretion, 76–77
and telepharmacies, 392–393 Diseases, 138
used for treatment, 386, 387f Disinfectants, 240
using effectively, 394–395 D Distal, 131f, 132t
and virtual communities, 393 Damages, 79 Diversity RX, 332
Conductive hearing loss, 168 DASH diet, 281 Diverticulitis, 161
Cones, 164 Databases, 377, 379 Diverticulosis, 161
588 INDEX
Documentation, of medical records, Emergency procedures physical, mental changes that

400. See also Medical records for allergic reactions, 447–448 increase risk, 263t
Documents, computerized, 381–382 for bleeding, wounds, 449–452 and radiation hazards, 270
Dominant culture, 319 for bone, joint, muscle injuries, triage system for, 273
“Do no harm,” 79–80 452–454, 454p–455p and workplace violence,
“Do not resuscitate” (DNR) request, 72 for breathing difficulty, 467p 264–265
“Do not treat” (DNT) orders, 72–73 for burns, 454, 456, 458–461 See also Infection control; Personal
Dorsalis pedis pulse, 426 for chest pain (angina), 468p protective equipment (PPE);
Double-bagging, 237–238 CPR, 446 Standard precautions
Download, computer, 396 for diabetes, 468p–469p Epidermis, 148
Dressing, for safety, 262 for drowning, 470p Epididymitis, 180
Droplet precautions, 236t, 238f for drug abuse, 461–462, 463p Epidymis, 180
Drowning, 470p for facial injuries, 454, 456p–457p, Epigastric region, 133
Drug abuse, 461–462, 463p 462f Epiglottis, 158
Duodenum, 160 for fainting (syncope), 469p–470p Epilepsy, 173
Dwarfism, 176 for fever (hyperthermia), 470p Epiphyses, 140
Dysentery, 222 for hyperventilation, 468p Epistaxis, 458p
Dysmenorrhea, 178 for poisoning, 462, 463, 464p Epithelial tissue, 128, 129f
Dyspnea, 417 for seizures (convulsions), 471p Equal Employment Opportunity
for shock, 471p–472p Commission, 556
situations for, 444–445 Equal Pay Act (1963), 555t
E for stroke or CVA, 472p Ergonomics, 206, 215, 261t
Eardrum, 166 for temperature-related illness, 463, Ergoweb, 215
Ear injuries, 457p 465p–466p Erikson, Erik, 187
Ears, 166–168, 182t, 418 for unconsciousness, 472p–473p Erikson’s stages of psychosocial
Earwax, 166 Empathy, 344 development, 187–188
Eating disorders, 285–286 Emphysema, 159 Escherichia coli (E. coli), 219
Echocardiographer, 24 Employee handbook, 549 Esophagus, 160
Ectopic pregnancy, 178 Employment Estimating, in math, 111
Eczema, 150 beginning, 548–550 Estrogen, 177–178
Edema, 163, 436 being fired, 558, 560 Ethics
Educational Resources Information laws for, 554–556 authorities for, 81
Center (ERIC), 388 leaving, 557–558, 559f codes of, 64–65
Efficiency, personal, 491 and professional development, dilemmas in, 62, 63t, 80–81
Eldercare, 73b 560–561 and discretion, 76–78
Elderhood, stage of, 197 success in, 550–554 doing good, 70
Elderly abuse, 74–75 tracking progress in, 556–557 do no harm, 79–80
Electorcardiograph technician, 23t See also Job search; Occupations guiding principles for, 66–67
Electrical burns, 461p Encephalitis, 173 and health care, 62–66
Electrical impedance tomography Endocarditis, 157 and honesty, 75–76
(EIT), 384t Endocardium, 151 keeping promises, 78–79
Electrocardiogram, 152 Endocrine glands, 173, 174f and the law, 66
Electrocardiograph technician, 24 Endocrine system, 173–177, 418 preservation of life, 68–70
Electroneurodiagnostic technologist/ Endocrinologist, 11b purpose of, 62
electroencephalographic Endometriosis, 178 respecting autonomy, 70–73
technologist, 23t Endoplasmic reticulum, 128, 129f and technology, 64b
Electronic mail (e-mail), 391–392 Energy theories, therapies, 53t, 56 upholding justice, 73–75
Electronic medical records (EMR), Envelopes, addressing, 365, 370f Ethmoid bone, 142
379–381, 406 Environmental safety Etiology, 138
Electronic spreadsheet, 382–383 and bioterrorism, 271–272 Etiquette, 365
Electronic thermometer, 423, 424f and chemical hazards, 270 Eupnea, 430
Emancipated minor, 71–72 common health care hazards, 261t European Americans, 321t
Embolus, 157 and emergency disaster plan, Eustachian tubes, 167
Embryo stage, 188 271–272 Euthanasia, 69
Emergency disaster plan, 271–272 and fire, electrical hazards, Everyday Health website, 440
Emergency Medical Services 266–270 “Evil eye,” 317, 323
(EMS), 445 general guidelines for, 260–264 Examples, requesting, 345
Emergency medical technician importance of, 260 Exclusive provider organization
(EMT), 7, 9, 10t and infectious waste, 271 (EPO), 485t
Emergency physician, 11b and oxygen hazards, 271 Exercises, for computer users, 213t
INDEX 589
Exhalation, 430 First-degree (superficial) burns, 456, Grammar, 359, 362–364

Exocrine glands, 173 459f Gramstaining, 220
Expanding consciousness, 52 First responder, 10t Grandma Moses, 194b
Expenditures, 489 Flagella, 220 Grievance, 556
Expert systems, 385–386 Flammable, 267 Growth, 186
Express consent, 71 Flexion, 144–145 Growth and development
Express contract, 79 Flexitarians (semivegitarians), 281 care considerations for, 195–196
Extension, 144–145 The Focusing Institute, 352–353 death and dying, 197–199
External auditory canal, 166 Food Guide Pyramid, 281, 282f future trends in, 197
External bleeding, 449, 450p, 452f Foods, 283–284 life stages in, 187–194
External customers, 500 Foramina, 142 types of, 186–187
Eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows, 166 Fox, Michael J., 329 Gynecologist, 11b
Eyes Fracastoro, Girolamo, 38t
about, 164–166 Fraction, 107–109
assessment for, 418 Fractures, 145, 146f, 454p–455p H
changes to, 167 Fraud, 76 Hair, 149
diseases, disorders of, 167–168 Free radicals, 280t Hammer (malleus), 166
injuries to, 456p–457p, 462f Frontal bone, 142 Hand hygiene (handwashing)
as organ system, 182t Frontal plane, 130, 131f and airborne precautions, 237f
preventive measures for, 167 Frostbite, 465p for contact precautions, 239f
protection for, 229 Full block letter, 365, 366f for droplet precautions, 238f
Eyestrain, 214 Functional resume, 519 importance of, 45b
Fundus, of uterus, 178 procedure for, 228f, 228p–229p
Fungi, 221–222 See also Standard precautions
F Hard drive, 394, 396
Face shield, 229 Hardware, computer, 393–394
Facial expressions, 342–343 G Harmony, and health, 323
Facial injuries, 454, 456p–457p Gallbladder, 161 Harvey, William, 38t
Fahrenheit (F), 119–120 Gandhi, Mahatma, 194b Hashimoto’s disease, 157
Fainting (syncope), 469p–470p Gangrene, 148 Hazardous waste disposal, 237–239
Faith healing, 322–323 Gastritis, 161 Health care
Fallopian tubes, 178 Gastroenteritis, 161 and the aging population, 45
False imprisonment, 72 Gastroenterologist, 11b challenges in, 56–59
Family and Medical Leave Act Gastrointestinal system, 160 common hazards in, 261t
(1993), 555t Gatekeeper, 486 computers in, 376–377
Family practice physician, 11b Gateways, 390 consolidation of services for, 50
Fascia, 146 Generalized infections, 219 cultural approaches to, 324b
Fats, 279 Gene therapy, 36 facilities, services for, 46–51
Febrile temperature, 424 Genital herpes, 293 government, 50–51
Feedback, 344–345 Germ theory, 219 history of, 37t–44t
Feedback mechanism, 173–174 Gerontologist, 11b implications for professionals
Fee-for-service, 484 Giantism, 176 in, 59
Female reproductive system, 177–179, Glass mercury thermometers, 423 increasing costs of, 45–46
182t, 418 Glaucoma, 167 job increases in, 4–5
Femoral pulse, 426 Glomerulonephritis, 163 keeping up with changes in,
Femur, 143 Glomerulus, 162 306–308
Fetus, 188 Gloves new approaches to, 51–56
Fever (hyperthermia), 470p for contact precautions, 239f personal responsibility for, 58–59
Fever, continuous or intermittent, 424 non-sterile, 231p professional organizations for, 33–34
Fiber, in diet, 279 protocol for, 229 professional skills in, 300
Fiber optics, 384, 385 removal of, 230f–231f regulation of, 64b
Fibroid tumors, 178 sterile, 241p–242p, 242f–243f and religious belief, 322–324
Fibula, 143 Golden rule, 444 specialization in, 44–45
Fields, database, 377 Golgi apparatus, 128, 129f spending on, 36
Figure-eight wrap, 476–477 Good Samaritan Act, 444, 445b technological advancements in, 36
File, computerized, 377 Good Samaritan laws, 80 written communication in, 356–357
Financing, 489 Gout arthritis, 144 See also Ethics; Health care costs;
Finger wrap, 478–479 Gown, 229, 232 Health care professionals
Fire, electrical hazards, 266–270 Gowns, 239f Health care costs, 484–488, 489–491
First aid. See Emergency procedures Graafian follicles, 178, 179b Health care job websites, 526
590 INDEX
Health care professionals basis of life in, 126–130 Infancy stage, of being, 197
and cultural competence, 318 cardiovascular system, 150–157 Infection control
impact on health care costs, 489–491 cavities of, 130–132 antiseptics, disinfectants, and
learning styles of, 32 circulatory system, 150–157, 181t sterilization, 240
mastery for, 32–33 describing, 130–133 and bird flu, 252t
problem-solving process for, 29–31 digestive system, 159–162, 182t and chain of infection, 225–226, 228f,
qualities of, 5 endocrine system, 173–177 228p–229p
questioning, 28–29 female reproductive system, and drug-resistant organisms,
as returning adult learners, 33 177–179, 182t 251, 256
standards for, 5–7 and genetics, 139 and environmental control, 232
thinking as, 28 integumentary system, 148–150, 181t and hepatitis B, 244, 245t–246t
work habits for, 31–32 lymphatic system, 155–157 and HIV/AIDS, 248–249
Health care surrogate, 72 male reproductive system, 179–181, importance of, 218–219
Health Insurance Portability and 182t and linen, 232, 234
Accountability Act (HIPAA), 77, muscular system, 146–148, 181t and mad cow disease, 252t
350, 395, 407 nervous system, 168–173, 182t and microbiology, 219–225
Health maintenance organization planes of, 130 and MRSA, 255t
(HMO), 485t respiratory system, 157–159, 182t neutropenic precautions, 239–240
Health Reform Bill (2010), 488 sensory systems, 164–168, 182t occupational health and blood-
Hearing loss, 168 skeletal system, 139–146, 181t borne pathogens, 234
Heartburn, 161–162 systems of, 126 and patient-care equipment, 232
Heat burns, 460p urinary system, 162–164, 182t and patient placement, transport,
Heat cramps, 466p See also Body mechanics; Ears; Eyes 234, 237f, 238f, 239f
Heat stroke, 466p Human Genome Project, 389 reporting accidental exposure, 256
Height assessment, 435–436, 438 Human immunodeficiency virus for sharps, 235f
Heimlich maneuver, 446 (HIV), 248–249, 250b, 293, 307–308 surgical asepsis (sterile technique),
Hemiplegia, 172 Humerus, 143 240–241
Hemorrhage, 449 Humor, in communication, 341 and swine flu, 254t
Hemorrhoids, 162 Humors, 323 and transmission precautions,
Hepatitis, 162 Hydrotherapy, 209 235–239
Hepatitis A, 245t Hyperglycemia, 174 and tuberculosis, 249–251, 256b
Hepatitis B, 244, 245t–246t, 250b, 308 Hyperopia (farsightedness), 164f, 168 and VRE, 255t
Hepatitis C, 246t–247t Hyperparathyroidism, 174, 176 and West Nile virus, 253t–254t
Hepatitis D, 247t–248t Hypertension, 157, 431, 438b See also Environmental safety; Hand
Herbal, plant medicines, 324 Hyperthermia, 463, 470 hygiene (handwashing); Personal
Herpes simplex virus, 221f Hyperthyroidism, 176 protective equipment (PPE);
Hippocrates, 37t, 63b Hyperventilation, 468p Standard precautions
Hirsutism, 174 Hypochondriac regions, 133 Infectious disease, 218
Hispanic Americans, 321t, 323, 349 Hypogastric region, 133 Infectious hazard, 261t
Histoplasmosis, 222 Hypoparathyroidism, 176t Infectious waste, 271
History and physical (H&P), 414 Hypotension, 431 Inferior (caudal), 131f, 132t
Hitchcock, Alfred, 194b Hypothalamus, 170, 173 Inferior vena cava, 151
HIV positive, 248 Hypothermia, 465p–466p Inflammable, 267
See also Acquired immunodeficiency Hypothyroidism, 176 Inflammation of the heart, 157
syndrome (AIDS) Information collection, 339
Hodgkin’s disease, 157 Information management, 377–379
Holistic medicine, 54–55 I Informed consent, 70
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 219 Ileocecal valve, 160 Inhalation, 430
Home health aide, 4t, 14t Ileum, 160 Inhalation burns, 456, 461
Home health care providers, 49–50 Iliac regions, 133 Inner ear, 166
Homeopathy, 55–56 Ilium, 143 Inpatient, 48
Homeostasis, 126 Illegal question, 533–534 Institute for Safe Medical Practices, 99
Hormones, 173, 175t–176t Illness, 139 Integrative medicine, 52
Hospice, 50 Immigration Reform Act, 555t Integrity, 5, 550
Hospitals, 47–48 Immune response, 156, 219 Integumentary system, 148–150,
Host, for bacteria, 219 Implied consent, 71 182t, 417
Household system, of measurement, Implied contract, 79 Intermediate nursing care facility
115–116 Improper fraction, 108 (INCF), 48
Human Anatomy Online, 183 Incident report, 264 Internal bleeding, 449, 450p–451p
Human body Independent clause, 362 Internal customers, 499, 499–500,
anatomy, physiology in, 138–139 Infancy stage, 187f, 190, 195t 503–504
INDEX 591
International Classification of Diseases, L Ligaments, 144, 146

9th Revision, Clinical Modification Limited x-ray machine operator, 23
(ICD-9-CM), 490 Labia majora, 177f, 178 Listening skills, 343–344
Internet, 390–391, 397, 516–517 Labia menora, 177f, 178 Lister, Joseph, 219
Internist, 11b Laboratory assistant, 25t LISTSERV®, 393
Intervertebral disks, 143 Laboratory technician, 25t Liver, 161
Interview, job Labrynthitis, 168 Living will, 72
appearance for, 534–535 Lacrimal bones, 142 Localized infection, 219
conduct during, 536–537 Lacrimal glands, 166 Long-term care facilities, 48–49
defined, 530 Lactation, 178 Lordosis, 144–145
portfolio for, 535–536 Lacto-ovo vegetarian diets, 281 Loss, dealing with, 330–331
preparing for, 530–532 Lacto-vegetarian diets, 281 Love and affection needs, 326, 327–328
questions in, 531–534 Landsteiner, Karl, 42t Loyalty, to job, 550–551
references for, 535 Large intestine, 161 “Lub-dub” sound, 427, 431
thank-you for, 538, 539f Laryngitis, 159 Lumbar regions, 133
See also Job search; Resume Larynx, 158 Lung cancer, 159
Invasive procedures, 71 Lasers, 386 Lungs, 158
Involuntary nerves, 170 Later adulthood, 187t, 193–194, 196t Lymphatic ducts, 155
iPhone®, 391b Lateral, 131f, 132t Lymphatic system, 155–157
Iris, 164 Law Lymph nodes, 155
Ischium, 143 and customer service, 501 Lymphocytes, 155
Islam, health care beliefs in, 323 employment, 554–556 Lysosome, 128, 129f
Good Samaritan, 80
protective, 75
J See also Ethics M
Jejunum, 160 Leadership, 303 Maabans tribe, 168b
Jenner, Edward, 40t Leading questions, 340 Macular degeneration, 167
Job description, 548, 549t Learners, returning adults as, 33 Mad cow disease, 252t–253t
Job fairs, orientations, 515 Learning objectives, 350 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
The Job Hunter’s Bible, 526 Learning styles, 32, 97t 384t, 385f
Joblines, telephone, 515–516 Left lower quadrant (LLQ), 133, 134b Magnetic resonance technologist, 22t
Job policy, 548, 549 Left upper quadrant (LUQ), 133, 134b Malaria, 222
Job safety. See Environmental safety Legislation, health care, 72–73 Male reproductive system, 179–181,
Job search Legumes, 279 182t, 418
accepting, declining, 540–541 Lens, 164 Malpractice, 80
and employee applications, Letters. See Business letters; Written Mammary glands, 178
540–544 communication Managed care, 485–486
leads for, 512–517 Letters of recommendation, 535 Mandela, Nelson, 194b
overview of, 510–512 Leukemia, 157 Mandible, 142
See also Interview, job; Resume Libel, 78 Manipulative, body-based practices,
The Joint Commission, 48, 95, 121, 400 Licensed practical/vocational nurse 53t
Joint dislocation, 452, 454p–455p (LPN/LVN), 13–14 Manual dexterity, 8
Joint injuries, 542–544 Licensure, 6 Mask, 229
Joints, 144–145 Life force (qi), 323 Maslow, Abraham, 325
Justice, in health care, 73–75 Lifelong learning, 306–311 Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs,
Justified text, 365 Life review, 199 325–327
Lifestyle management Massage therapy, 9, 12t, 55, 209
diet types for, 279, 281–286 Material safety data sheets (MSDS),
K and eating disorders, 285–286 270
Kaiser Family Foundation, 59 habits and health for, 278 Math, in health care
Kevorkian, Jack, 69 helping patients with, 294 angles for, 113
Key words, 390 importance of, 278 anxiety over, 102–103, 104t, 121
Kidney (renal) calculi, 163 minimizing health risks, 292–294 basic calculations for, 103–111
Kidney (renal) failure, 163 nutrition for, 279, 281 estimating, 111
Kidney infections, 163 and physical activity, 286 importance of, 102
Kidneys, 162 preventive measures for, 287 measurement systems for, 115–119
Kinesthetic learner, 32, 97t and sleep, 286–287 military time, 111–112
Koop, C. Everett, 71b and stress, 287–292 reducing errors, 106t
Kroll, Maureen, 408 and weight maintenance, 284–285 Roman numerals, 113
Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth, 197–199, 200 See also Stess temperature conversion, 119–120
Kyphosis, 145 Lifting positions, 210b, 211b website for, 121
592 INDEX
Maxilla, 142 Mental health technician, 9, 12, 13t Myocardium, 151

Mayo Clinic, 479 Mentor, 554 Myopia (nearsightedness), 164f, 167
MEADERS, 387 Mercy killing, 69
Medial, 131f, 132t Metabolism, 280t
Medicaid, 56, 70, 74, 487 Metacarpals, 143 N
Medical asepsis (clean technique), Metatarsals, 143 Nails, 149
225 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Narrative charting, 405
Medical assistant (MA), 4t, 9, aureus (MRSA), 255t Nasal bones, 142
12t, 65b Metric system, 116–117 National Consortium for Health
Medical documentation, 400 Microbes, 220 Science Education, 303
Medical errors, 80b Microbiology National Council Licensure Exam
Medic Alert, 445 bacteria, 220–221 (NCLEX), 389
Medical history, 403 chain of infection, 223 National Heart Lung and Blood
Medical laboratory assistant, 24 defense mechanisms, 223–225 Institute, 440
Medical laboratory technician, 24 defined, 219 National Human Genome Research
Medical laboratory technologist fungi, 221–222 Institute, 183
(MT), 25t protozoa, 222 National Institute for Occupational
Medical Library Association, 397 and regulatory agencies, 224–225 Safety and Health (NIOSH), 212,
Medical records rickettsia, 222 273
characteristics of, 401–402 viruses, 221 National Institutes of Health (NIH),
contents of, 403–406 Micrococci, 220 50t, 59
corrections to, 402 Microorganisms, 219 National Library of Medicine
electronic, 379–381, 406 Microscope, 219 (Medline Plus), 60, 295, 311, 388
and HIPAA, 407 Middle adulthood, 187t, 193, 196t National Safety Council, 273
personal health record (PHR), Middle ear, 166–167 Native Americans, 322t
406–407 Middle-old stage, 196t Naturopathy, 55
purposes of, 400–401 Midline, of the body, 131f Needlestick injuries, 224
Medical records clerk, 26t Midsagittal plane, 130, 131f Needs, of patients, 325
Medical specialists, 11b Military time, 111–112 Negligence, 79–80
Medical terminology Mind-body medicine, 53t Negotiated fees, 486
abbreviations, symbols for, Mind mapping, 358, 359f Nephritis, 163
95–96 Mind Tools, 353 Nephrologist, 11b
for body parts, 89f Minerals, 279, 280t Nephron, 162
building blocks of, 86–93 Minimum wage, 554 Nervous system, 168–173, 418
deciphering, 93 Mitochondrion, 128, 129f Nervous tissue, 128, 129f
dictionary for, 97 Modified block letter, 365, 368f Networking, 513–514
importance of, 86 Molds, 221–222 Networks, 389
mastering, 97–98 Molecules, 127f Neuralgia, 173
spelling, pronunciation for, Monster Interview Center, 544 Neuritis, 173
93–95 “Moon face,” 174 Neurologist, 11b
Medical transcriptionist (MT), Morgagni, Giovanni Battista, 39t Neurons, 171–172
24–25, 26t Mother Teresa, 317b Neurotransmitters, 171–172
Medicare, 57, 379, 486–488 Mouse, pointing device, 212–213 Neutropenic precautions, 239–240
Medicare Prescription Drug, Mouth, 160 Newman, Margaret, 52
Improvement and Modernization Movement, and safety, 260–261 New World Encyclopedia, 134
Act (MMA) (2003), 486 Mucous membrane, 158 Nomenclature, 115
MediLexicon International Ltd., 99 Mucus, 158, 161b Nonverbal communication, 341–343
MEDI-SPAN, 387 Multiple sclerosis, 173 Normal flora, 219
Meditation, 290–291 Muscle injuries, 542–544 Nose, 158, 458p
Mediterranean Diet, 281–283 Muscle spasm, sprain, strain, 148 Nosocomial infection, 224
MedLine Plus, 99 Muscle tone, 147 Nucleolus, 129f
Medullary cavity (canal), 140 Muscular dystrophy, 148 Nucleus, 128, 129f
Medulla, of kidney, 162 Muscular system, 146–148, 182t, Numbers, writing correctly,
Meeting agenda, minutes, 370–371 416–417 363–364
Melanin, 148–149 Muscular tissue, 128, 129f Nurse practitioner (CRNP), 14t
Memos, 365, 370 Myasthenia gravis, 148 Nurse Week website, 561
Meninges, 170 MYCIN, 385–386 Nursing, 12–14
Meningitis, 173 Myelin, 171–172 Nursing homes, 48
Menorrhagia, 178 Myocardial infarction (MI), 156 Nutrients, 279
Menstrual disorders, 178 Myocarditis, 157 Nutrition, 279
INDEX 593
O Orbit, 164 cultures of, 317–322

Orchitis, 180 dealing with loss, 330–331
Obese, 284 Organelles, 127f, 128 defense mechanism of, 329–330
Objective, of job goal, 517 Organic foods, 283–284 determining needs of, 325
Objective approach, 298 Organs, 126, 127f education of, 350–351, 371
Objective data, 30, 138 Organ transplants, 69 and gossip, 352
Obligate intracellular parasites, 221 Origin, insertion of muscles, 146 with hearing, visual, speech
Obstetrician, 11b Orthopedist, 11b impairments, 347–348
Occipital bone, 142 Orthopnea, 417 as individuals, 316–317
Occupational hazards, 293 Orthostatic (postural) hypertension, and lifestyle management, 294
Occupational Outlook Handbook, 33, 308 435 and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,
Occupational Safety and Health Act OSHA. See U.S. Department of Labor 325–329
(1970), 75, 555t Occupational Safety and Health monitored by computer, 387–388
Occupational therapist (OTR), 15t Administration (OSHA) non-English speaking, 348–349
Occupational therapy aide, 4t, 15 Ossicles, 166 in pain, medicated, disoriented,
Occupational therapy assistant Osteoarthritis, 144 confused, 347
(COTA), 15 Osteomyelitis, 145 placement, transport for, 234, 237f,
Occupations Osteopathy, 55 238f, 239f
biomedical engineering, 27–28 Osteoporosis, 145, 286, 435–436 religious beliefs and health, 322–324
dental, 7–9 Otitis externa, 168 services sought by, 500b
diagnostic imaging, 20, 22t, 23–24 Otitis media, 168 with special needs, 346–349
emergency medical, 9 Otolaryngologist, 11b terminally ill, 346
environmental, 26–27 Outer ear, 166 working safely with, 262
health information management, Outpatient services, 48 See also Customer service
24–26 Oval window, 166 Pediatric advanced life support
massage therapy, 9 Ovaries, 177–178 (PALS), 446
medical assistant, 9 Overweight, 284 Pediatrician, 11b
medical office, 9, 12t Ovum, 178 Pelvic cavity, 131f, 132
mental health, 9, 12, 13t Oxygen hazards, 271 Pelvic girdle, 143
nursing, 12–14 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),
occupational therapy, 14–15 178
overview of, 7 P Penis, 180
pharmacy, 15, 16t Pain, assessment of, 418–419 Peptic ulcer, 162
physical therapy, 15–17 Palatine bones, 142 Percentages, 108, 109t
respiratory therapy, 17–18 Palliative care, 50, 82 Performance evaluation, 557
surgical, 18–19 Pam Pohly’s Net Guide, 492 Performance improvement (PI),
therapeutic and treatment, 7–9 Pancreas, 161, 173, 174 496–497, 498
veterinary, 19–20 Pancreatic gland, 176t Pericarditis, 157
vision care, 20 Pancreatitis, 162 Pericardium, 151
Old-old stage, 196t Pandemic, 58 Periosteum, 140
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act Pantomime, 342–343 Peripheral (directional term), 132t
(1987), 488 Paramedics, 9, 10t Peripheral equipment, 393–394
Oncologist, 11b Paraphrasing, 344 Peripheral nervous system, 170–171
Open Clinical website, 397 Paraplegia, 173 Peritonitis, 162
Open-ended questions, 340 Parasite, 219 Pernicious anemia, 156
Open fracture, 452 Parasympathetic system, 170–171 Personal health records (PHR),
Operating room technician (ORT), Parathyroid glands, 174–175, 175t 406–407
18–19 Parietal bones, 142 Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Ophthalmic assistant, 21t, 22t Parkinson’s disease, 173 and airborne precautions, 237f
Ophthalmic laboratory technician, PASS, 266 applying, removing, 232p–233p,
20, 22t Pasteur, Louis, 41t, 219 234f, 235f
Ophthalmic medical technologist, 21t Patella, 143 and droplet precautions, 238f
Ophthalmic technician, 20, 21t, 22t Pathogens, 218 and tuberculosis, 249
Ophthalmic technologist, 20 Pathologist (MD), 11b, 25t types of, 229–232
Ophthamologist (MD), 11b, 21t Pathophysiology, 138 See also Environmental safety;
Opinion, 30 Patient care technician/assistant, 14t Gloves; Hand hygiene
Opportunistic infections, 219 Patients (handwashing)
Optician, 21t angry, 348 Personal space, contact, 319
Optometrist (OD), 21t and communication, 337 Pfizer Clear Communications
Oral thermometer, 420p confidentiality of, 371 Initiative, 353
594 INDEX
Phagocytosis, 155 Preschooler stage, 187t, 191, 195t Purdue University Online Writing
Phalanges, 143 Pressure points, for bleeding, 453f Labe, 372
Pharmaceutical Research and Pressure sores, 150 Purkinje fibers, 152
Manufacturers of America, 311 Prevention, of disease, 139 Pyelonephritis, 163
Pharmacist (PharmD), 16t Primary care provider (PCP), 486
Pharmacy aide, 16t Prime mover, 146
Pharmacy technician, 4t, 15, 16t Principles, 62 Q
Pharyngitis, 159 Prioritization, 288–289 Qi (life force), 323
Pharynx, 158 Privacy, patient, 76–78 Quadriplegia, 173
Philosophy of individual worth, 316 Probationary period, 550 Quality, of health care, 57–58
Phimosis, 180 Probing questions, 340 Quality assessment and performance
Phlebotomist, 24, 25t Problem-oriented charting, 404 improvement (QAPI) program,
Physiatrist, 11b Problem-solving process, 29–31 497–498
Physical activity, 286 Procedure, job, 548, 549 Quality assurance (QA), 498, 499b
Physical assessment, 416 Procrastination, 289 Quality improvement (QI), 497–499,
Physical environment, 343 Proctologist, 11b 498, 499b
Physical growth, 186 Professional development, 560–561 Quality Improvement Organizations
Physical hazard, 261t Professional distance, 301 (QIO), 499
Physical therapist (PT), 16t Professionalism, 298–301, 302–303, Quality of care, 496–497
Physical therapist aide, 4t, 16t, 17 303, 312 Questioning, 345
Physical therapist assistant (PTA), 4t, Professional organizations, 302–303, Questionnaires, computerized, 385
16–17 312, 560 Questions, types of, 340–341
Physician (MD or DO), 10, 12t Profit, 485 Quintessential careers, 561
Physician assistant (PA), 4t, 12t Progesterone, 178 Quotation, 362
Physiological needs, 325, 327 Prognosis, 139
Physiology, 138 Progress notes, 403
Pituitary gland, 173–174, 175t, 176 Pronation, 144–145 R
Plagiarism, 390 Pronunciation, of medical terms, RACE, 268, 269t, 270f
Plagues, 37t 93–95 Radial pulse, 425, 426p–427p
Plan, in charting, 404 Proofreading, 371–372 Radiation (sun) burns, 460p
Plasma, 155 Proportion, 110–111 Radiation hazards, 270
Plastic surgeon, 11b Prostate gland, 180 Radiologic technologist (RT)/
Platelets, 155 Prostatic hypertrophy, 180 radiographer, 20, 22t, 23
Pneumocystis pneumonia, 222 Proteins, 279 Radiologist (MD or DO), 11b, 22t
Pneumonia, 159 Protocols, 67t Radius, 143
Pneumothorax, 159 Protozoa, 222 RAM, 395
Point-of-care charting, 388 Proximal (directional term), Rate, of pulse, 426
Point-of-service plan (option) 131f, 132t Rationing, of care, resources, 70, 75b
(POS), 485t Psoriasis, 150 Ratios, 108
Poisoning, 462, 463, 464p Psych Central, 332 Reasonable accommodation, 555t
Polydipsia, 174 Psychiatric aide, 12, 13t Receiver, 336
Polyphagia, 174 Psychiatric clinical nurse Reciprocal fraction, 108
Polyuria, 174 specialist, 13t Record, data, 377
Popliteal pulse, 426 Psychiatric hospital, 47 Rectal thermometer, 421p–422p
Portfolio, 535–536 Psychiatrist (MD), 11b, 13t Red blood cells, 154–155
Positron emission tomography PsychINFO, 388 Red marrow, 141
(PET), 384t Psychosocial assessment, 416 Reeve, Christopher, 329
Positron emission tomography Psychosocial growth, 186 Reference, 535
technologist, 23t Psychosocial hazard, 261t Reference list, 535
Posterior (dorsal) body cavity, 130, Psychosomatic disorder, 54–55 Reference plane, 114
131f, 132t Pubis bone, 143 Reflecting, 344
Preauthorization, 486 Public health, 52b, 58 Reflexes, 170
Preferred provider organization, 485t Pulmonary arteries, 151 Reflexology, 54t
Prefix, 88–89, 91–93 Pulmonary veins, 151 Registered health information
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), 178 Pulse, 425–429 administrator (RHIA), 26t
Premium, 484 Pulse deficit assessment check, 429 Registered health information
Prenatal stage, 187f, 188–189, 195t Pulse points, 425–426 technician (RHIT), 24, 26t
Prepaid plans, 485 Pulse volume, 426 Registered Medical Assistant
Prepuce (foreskin), 180 Punctuation rules, 362–363 (RMA), 12t
Presbyopia, 168 Pupil, 164 Registered nurse (RN), 12–13, 14t
INDEX 595
Registered radiologic assistant, 22t Scope of practice, 28 SOAP assessment, 404

Registration, 6 Scrotum, 179 Social conditions, and health care, 57
Regulatory agencies, 224–225 Search engine, 390 Social networking, 392
Rehabilitation, 386 Sebaceous (oil) glands, 149 Software, 381–383, 394
Reimbursement, 487 Second-degree (partial-thickness) Southern Poverty Law Center, 332
Relaxation techniques, 290–291 burn, 456, 459f Spelling, 359, 360t–361t
Reliability, of facts, 30 Seer’s Training Web, 134, 408 Spelling, of medical terms, 93–95
Repetitive motion injuries (RMI), Seizures (convulsions), 471p Sperm, 180, 181b
207–210 Self-actualizaton, 326, 328–329 Sphenoid bone, 142
Rescue breathing, 446 Self-directed learning, 310–311 Sphygmomanometer, 431, 432f
Rescuer, 445 Self-esteem, 326, 328 Spinal cavity, 130
Research, 388–389, 390 Semicircular canals, 167 Spinal column, 142–143, 208f
Resident flora, 226 Seminal vesicles, 180 Spinal cord, 170
Respirations, 430–431 Semmelweis, Ignaz, 45b, 219 Spinal cord injury, 173
Respiratory system, 157–159, 182t Sender, 336 Spinal nerves, 170
Respiratory therapist (RRT or CRT), Senescence, 197 Spiral wrap, 475–476
17–18 Senile dementia, 173 Spirilla, 220
Respondeat superior, 79 Sensory hearing loss, 168 Spirochetes, 220
Resume Sensory systems, 164–168, 182t Spleen, 155
contents of, 517–519 Septicemia, 157 Spores, bacterial, 221
cover letters for, 522–526 Sexual harassment, 556 Sports medicine physician, 11b
defined, 517 Sexually transmitted disease (STD), Sprains, 454, 455p
examples of, 517–518 178–179, 180, 293 Spreadsheets, 382–383
formatting, 519, 520f–521f Shaman, 322 Sprints, slings, 456f
guidelines for, 519, 522 Sharps, 235f Stages of dying, 198
trends in, 522 Shingles (herpes zoster), 173 Standard precautions
See also Job search Shock, 471p–472p criteria for following 226, 227f
Retina, 164 Sickle cell anemia, 156 in emergency situations, 445–446
Rheumatoid arthritis, 144 Signs, objective data as, 30 See also Environmental safety; Hand
Rhythm, of pulse, 426 Signs, symptoms (S/S), 138 hygiene (handwashing); Infection
Ribosome, 128, 129f Sinoatrial (SA) node, 151 control
Ribs, 143 Sinus, 142 Standing, walking positions, 210b
Rickettsia, 222 Sinuses, 158 Staphylococci, 220
Right lower quadrant (RLQ), 133, Sinusitis, 159 Stem cell research, 69
134b Site license, 395 Sterile field, 241
Right upper quadrant (RUQ), 133, Sitting positions, 209b Sterilizations, 240
134b Situational question, 533 Stethoscope, 426, 427–429
The Riley Guide, 526, 544 Skeletal muscles, 146 Stirrup (stapes), 166
Risk management, 550 Skeletal system Stomach, 160
Robertson, Anna Mary, 194b age-related changes to, 146 Strains (muscle), 454, 455p
Rods, 164, 168b assessment of, 416–417 Streptobacilli, 220
Role model, 554 of cranium, 142 Streptococci, 220
Roman numerals, 113 diseases, disorders of, 144–146 Stress
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 194b functions of, 181t about, 287
Rotation, 144–145 joints, 144–145 and attitude, 291–292
Rounding numbers, 108–110 preventive measures for, 145–146 dealing with, 288
Ruptured eardrum, 168 purposes of, 139–140 and immune system, 288
structure of, 140–142 and priorities, 288–289
tissue of, 128 and relaxation, 290–291
S Skilled nursing facility (SNF), 48 resources for managing, 295
Safe sex, 293 Skin. See Integumentary system and time management, 289
Safety. See Environmental safety Skin cancer, 150 Stressors, 288
Safety and security needs, 326, 327 Slander, 78 Stroke, 472p
Salutation, 363 Sleep, 286–287 Study guides, strategies, 34, 372
Scales, 436–438 Slings, 456f, 474–475 Style manual (writing), 390
Scapulae, 143 Small intestine, 160 Subcutaneous tissue, 149
Schiavo, Terri, 73 Smoking, 292 Subjective data, 30, 138
School-age child, 187t, 191–192, 196t Smooth (visceral) muscles, 146 Substance abuse, 292–293
Sclera, 164 Smooth tissue, 130 Sucking wound, 451p
Scoliosis, 144–145 Sneeze, 161b Sudoriferous (sweat) glands, 149
596 INDEX
Suffix, 87–88, 90t–91t, 360t Thoracic outlet syndrome, 207t U.S. Department of Labor
Superficial (directional term), 132t Thoracic surgeon, 11b Occupational Safety and Health
Superior (cranial), 131f, 132t “3 to 11 rule,” 501 Administration (OSHA)
Superior vena cava, 151 Thrombosis, 157 functions of, 51t, 66, 225
Supination, 144–145 Thymus gland, 175t on hepatitis B, 244
Surgeon (MD or DO), 11b, 18t Thyroid gland, 175t, 176 reporting accidental exposure, 256
Surgery, computerized, 386, 387f Tibia, 143 research on, 257
Surgical asepsis (sterile technique), Time management, 289 website for, 215
219, 225, 240–241 Tinnitus, 168 Uterus, 178
Surgical physician assistant, 18t Tissues, 126, 127f, 128–130 Utilization management (UM),
Surgical technologist, 4t, 18–19 Titles, writing correctly, 364 498–499
Surrogate, for health care, 72 Toddler stage, 187f, 190–191, 195t Utilization review (UR), 498–499
Suture lines, 142 Tonsillitis, 157, 159
Swine flu (H1N1), 254t Total quality management (TQM), 498
Syllable, 360t Touch, use of, 343 V
Symbols, in medical terms, 95–96 Toxic chemicals, 270 Vacuole, 128, 129f
Sympathetic system, 170–171 Toxins, 220 Vagina, 178
Sympathy, 344 Toxoplasmosis, 222 Vaginitis, 179
Symphysis pubis, 143 Trachea, 158 Values, 65–66
Symptoms, as subjective data, 30 Traits, 510 Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
Synapse, 171–172 Transcutaneous electrical nerve (VRE), 255t
Syndromes, 138 stimulation (TENS), 209 van Leeuwenhoek, Anton, 219, 38t
Synovial fluid, 144 Trans fat, 279 Variances, from normal, 415
Systemic infections, 222 Transient flora, 226 Varicose veins, 157
Systemic lupus erythematosus, 157 Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 172 Vas deferens, 180
Systolic pressure, 431 Transmission-based precautions, Vegan diets, 281
235–239 Vegetarian diets, 281, 283f
Transplants, organ, 69 Veins, 151, 153–154
T Transverse plane, 130, 131f Venous bleeding, 447
Tachycardia, 429 Traumatic brain injuries, 449b Ventricle chambers, 151
Tachypnea, 430 Treatment, 139 Vertebrae, 142–143
T’ai chi, 209, 323 Triage system, 273 Veterinarian (DVM), 19t
Targeted drug therapy, 36 Trichomoniasis, 222 Veterinary assistant, 19t
Tarsals, 143 Tuberculosis, 159, 249–251, 256b Veterinary technologists, technicians,
Teams, teamwork, 552–553 Tufts University Child and Family 4t, 19–20
Technology, and ethics, 64b Web Guide, 200 Vibrios, 220
Telemedicine, 392, 397 Tympanic membrane, 166 Victim, 445
Telemedicine Information Type 2 diabetes, 284 Villi, 160
Exchange, 397 Virtual communities, 393
Telepharmacies, 392–393 Viruses, 221
Temperature, taking, 419–425 U Viruses, computer, 395–396
Temporal artery thermometer, Ulcer, 162 Visible Human Project, 389
423p, 424f Ulcerative colitis, 162 Visual impairments, 167
Temporal bones, 142 Ulna, 143 Visual learner, 32, 97t
Temporal pulse, 425 Ultrasonography, 384t, 385f Visual problems, and computers, 214
Tendonitis, 207t Umbilical region, 133 VitalHub, 391b
Tendons, 146 Unconsciousness, 472p–473p Vital signs, 414–435
Terminal illness, 198 University of Washington, 492 See also individual vital signs,
Testes (testicles), 179–180 Upper respiratory infection (URI), 159 e.g. Temperature
Testosterone, 180 Ureters, 162 Vital statistics, 51
Thalamus, 170 Urethra, 162, 180 Vitamins, 279, 280t
Thalassemia, 156 Urethritis, 163 Vitreous humor, 166
Therapeutic and treatment Urinary bladder, 162 Vowel, 360t
occupations, 7–9 Urinary incontinence, retention, 163
Thermometers, 420–425 Urinary system, 162–164, 182t,
Third-degree (full-thickness) burn, 417–418 W
458, 459f Urinary tract infection (UTI), 163 Warts, 150
Thomas, William H., 197 Urologist, 11b Web directories, 390
Thoracic cavity, 131f, 132 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 295 Weight, maintenance of, 284–285
INDEX 597
Weight assessment, 436–439 Workplace violence, 261t, 264–265 X

Wellness, 52, 139 World Health Organization (WHO),
West Nile virus, 253t–254t 257 Xyphoid process, 143
White blood cells, 155 Worldometers, 200, 257
White coat syndrome, 432, 434–435 Wound, 449
White Stag Leadership Development, Wright, Frank Lloyd, 194b Y
303 Written communication Yeasts, 221–222
White Stag Leadership Institute, 561 confidentiality of, 371 Yin, yang, 323
Whole medical systems, 53t grammar for, 359, 362–364 Yoga, t’ai chi, 209
Whole numbers, 104–105 and health care, 356–357 Young adulthood, 187t, 192–193,
Wikipedia, 440 meeting agenda, minutes, 370–371 196t
Williams, Stephen, 52 memos, 365, 370 Young-old stage, 196t
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating organizing content for, 357–359
Scale, 419 patient education materials, 371
Word part, 86 proofreading, 371–372
Word processing, 381–382 spelling for, 359, 360t–361t Z
Word root, 86, 87t See also Business letters; Letters of Zygomatic bones, 142
Workplace disorders, 208b, 209b recommendation Zygote, 188
StudyWareTM to Accompany
Introduction to Health Care, Third Edition
System Requirements
Minimum System Requirements
● Microsoft Windows XP w/SP 2, Windows Vista w/ SP 1, Windows 7
● Mac OS X 10.4, 10.5, or 10.6
● Processor: Minimum required by Operating System
● Memory: Minimum required by Operating System
● Hard Drive Space: 690MB
● Screen resolution: 1024 x 768 pixels
● CD-ROM drive
● Sound card & listening device required for audio features
● Flash Player 10. The Adobe Flash Player is free, and can be downloaded from http://www.adobe.com/
products/flashplayer/
Windows Setup Instructions
1. Insert disc into CD-ROM drive. The software installation should start automatically. If it does not, go
to step 2.
2. From My Computer, double-click the icon for the CD drive.
3. Double-click the setup.exe file to start the program.
Mac Setup Instructions
1. Insert disc into CD-ROM drive.
2. Once the disc icon appears on your desktop, double click on it to open it.
3. Double-click the StudyWARE to start the program.

health-care-introduction-

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

health-care-introduction-

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

health-care-introduction-

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Licensed to: iChapters User

Licensed to: iChapters User

SUPPLEMENT WHAT IT IS WHAT’S IN IT

StudyWARE™ CD-ROM Software program ● Quizzes with immediate feedback

Workbook Print ● Vocabulary review

Instructor Resources CD-ROM ● Electronic Instructor’s Manual files

WebTutor Advantage Web access ● On Blackboard platform (other platforms available

Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd.

For your lifelong learning solutions, visit delmar.cengage.com

Visit our corporate website at cengage.com

NOTICE TO THE READER

Printed in the United States of America

Be Honest 75 Apothecary System 117

UNIT 4: PERSONAL Workplace Violence 264

Education 389 Chapter 21

Organizing Your Time 511 Go Beyond the Minimum 553

● Suggested ways to approach the study of ● Overview of computer applications in health-

● Self-care practices important for health care employment

Major Changes to the Third Edition

Chapter(s) Description of Changes

2 Expanded the discussion on complementary and alternative medicine

Animations, Videos, and Math Tutorials Included on the StudyWARE™ CD-ROM

Chapter Animation Topic Chapter Video Topic

10 Infection Control 20 Radial Pulse

Math Tutorials in StudyWARE™ Chapter 5 Mobile Downloads

The CD-ROM included in the back of each book Instructor’s Manual

Presentations Created in PowerPoint® WebTUTOR™ Advantage

To David, for providing daily inspiration and continual encouragement.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

ABOUT THIS BOOK

Discuss variances from the norm for each of the body

● Explain how to do a pain scale assessment.

comprehensive glossary in the back of the book.

The Case of the Missed Assessment

Spray insecticides Use insects and birds that eat pests

Boxes: These include special features and

Figure 20–3 To take an axillary temperature, place the

ABOUT THIS BOOK xxi

NEW! The StudyWARE™ Connection

skills necessary to be a successful health

tools in the workbook including practice

keyed to the chapter objectives to ensure

Application Exercises: Opportunities incurred by a health care delivery system?

to apply the chapter’s major concepts to payable and accounts receivable?

Suggested Readings and Resources: beginning of the chapter. What suggestions

xxii ABOUT THIS BOOK

● Sound card & listening device required for

ABOUT THIS BOOK xxiii

Animations and Video Clips. Numerous anatomy and

HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL

National Association of Dental Laboratories Massage Therapy Occupations

National Association of Emergency Medical Associated Body & Massage Professionals

Medical Office Occupations Nursing Occupations

HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 565

Respiratory Therapy Occupations DIAGNOSTIC OCCUPATIONS

Society of Vascular Ultrasound American Health Information Management

USEFUL SPANISH EXPRESSIONS

Do you have pain? ¿Tiene usted dolor? (tee-EN-ay oo-STED do-LOR)

A Air Chart 3000, 408 Arterial bleeding, 447