VELS INSTITUE OF SCIENCE , TECHNOLOGY & ADVACNED STUDIES

SCHOOL OF MARITIME STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING
BOILER LAB SEMESTER - 8

AIR REGISTER,TYPES OF BURNER AND OVERHAULING OF BURNER

AIM

To study about the Air register, types of burner and overhauling of burner.

REGULATION

Construction and working of boiler comes under

SOLAS Chapter II-1 - Construction - Structure, subdivision and stability, machinery and
electrical installations
Part C – Machinery installations

Regulation 32 - Steam boilers and boiler feed systems

Each oil-fired boiler which is intended to operate without manual supervision shall have safety
arrangements which shut off the fuel supply and give an alarm in the case of low water level, air
supply failure or flame failure.

AIR REGISTER

 Air register is the name given to an

assembly of vane air swirler plates etc
fitted within the boiler casing in
association with each burner ,its
functions is to divide air into primary and
secondary streams and to direct them
such as to give the correct air flow
pattern.
 The air must pass through the air check to
enter the register . In some cases the
check can be formed by the swirl vanes
themselves by rotating them about their
axis, in other cases a sliding sleeve is
used
 The inner primary air flows until it reaches the tip plate ( stabiliser ) then spills over to form a
series of vortices which reduces the forward velocity of the air. This retains the primary flame
within the quarl
 The outer , secondary air passes over the swirler vanes which causes the air to rotate thus
assisting the mixing of air and fuel. The secondary air shapes the flame, short and fat for side
fired, longer and thinner for roof fired
 It is important that the air check forms a tight seal otherwise thermal shock can damage the quarls
when the burner is not in use

TYPES OF OIL BURNERS

Pressure jet atomization burners

 In the pressure-jet atomizer the high

pressure energy in the fuel supplied from
the main fuel pump is converted into
kinetic energy of rotation in a small swirl
chamber through a small orifice drilled
axially to the rotary flow , into the
combustion chamber where ignition takes
place.
 Pressure jet burners used for firetube and
small water tube boilers normally operate
at pressures of 14 to 17 bar.
 Pressure jet burners further subdivided in to return flow or spill, automatic variable swirl
chamber and multi-orifice.

Blast jet atomization burners (steam or air)

 This atomizer is basically a pressure

jet atomizer with the addition of a
further atomizing medium in the form
of steam or air to improve or
complete the atomization process
 In blast jet steam atomizing burners,
steam is fed into the burner central
tube at a pressure of 2 to 10 bar and
mixes with hot oil at orifices in the
burner tip.
 The oil is supplied at suitable
temperature / viscosity from the
main fuel system , at a pressure
often about 1 bar lower than the
steam pressure , to an annular
space between the central steam
tube and a concentric outer tube.
 The two streams , fuel and steam
meet at the orifices in the tip and this
produces very fine spray.
High intensity sonic atomization

 Sonic atomizer which employs sound waves

to supplement blast atomization and produce
a more uniform and consummate particle
size. It is an improved steam or air
atomizer incorporating acoustics.
 A dense high frequency (about 14Khz)
vibrating wall of pressure waves is formed by
directing the steam (or air) at high velocity
through an annulus into resonating chamber.
 The result is a vibrating cylindrical field
through which the fuel must pass and in so
doing is effectively atomized before igniting.
 Advantages claimed are reduced
maintenance, wide turndown ratio, and
excellent flame stability at all loads.

Rotary cup burner

 A rotating cup oil burner atomizes the

oil by throwing it off the edge of a
tapered cup being rotated at high
speeds of between 2000 to 7000 rpm
by an electric motor driving the cup
shaft by means of vee belt.
 The fuel oil is supplied to the inner
surface by the hollow end of the spindle
where due to centrifugal action ,
spreads out evenly into this file which
thus wave along the taper until it
reaches the top of the cylinder along
the cup where the radial component of
the velocity causes it to break into fine
particles.
 Here the wide turn down ratio available with this type of burner is a great advantage value of
over oil are possible
 The diameter of the cup and sufficient taper and rotational speed are to be considered to
ensure desired velocity
OVERHAULING OF BOILER BURNER ASSEMBLY (Pressure jet burner)

PROCEDURE:-
1. Put off the boiler burner and boiler fuel pump.
2. Open the drain valve to drain the oil from the burner assembly.
3. Open the burner assembly door to remove the burner.
4. Remove the cable plugs which is connects the electrode.
5. Open the union nut which holds the boiler burner along with the burner carrier.
6. Remove the burner from the burner assembly and place it on a work bench along with the
diffuser.
7. Measure the distance between the electrodes.
8. Open the nut which holds the electrodes in place and keep it aside.
9. Remove the cap nut which holds the nozzle and the swirl plate.
10. Remove the nozzle, swirl plate, filter on the burner and put it inside a diesel tray and clean
them.
11. Lap the burner barrel and swirl plate by lapping paste (brasso).
12. Remove the diffuser from the burner and clean it with the diesel.
13. Put the burner inside the diesel tray and clean it.
14. After proper cleaning is done place the boiler burner on a clean table and then clean the
burner with service air.
15. Clean the nozzle by using nozzle cleaner and clean the nozzle and swirl plate by
compressed air and box them back in reverse order.
16. Fix the electrode in place and then measure the distance.
17. Put the boiler burner back in the boiler casing and tighten the union nut.
18. Plug the igniter cables on the electrode.
19. Place the burner assembly back in place.
20. Start the fuel pump, change into auto mode and purge the burner.
21. Start the burner assembly by following the starting procedure.

RESULT

Thus we studied about the Air register, types of burner and overhauling of burner is carried out.