Deck machinery

@hydraulic system suitable for deck machinery??

Description
https://youtu.be/RpWErtfBK68?si=GiHScekKcpQ9f03T

@How hydrulic pressure is controlled using variable delivery pump???

Principles of Operation
Variable displacement hydraulic pumps operate on the principle of adjusting
the flow of hydraulic fluid to meet changing demands. The pump can adjust
its output by changing the displacement of its internal components, allowing
it to provide the necessary amount of fluid without wasting energy.
One of the key components of a variable displacement hydraulic pump is the
pressure compensator. This device senses changes in pressure within the
hydraulic system and adjusts the pump’s output accordingly. When the
system pressure increases, the pressure compensator reduces the pump’s
displacement, thereby decreasing the flow rate. Conversely, when the
pressure decreases, the pressure compensator increases the pump’s
displacement to increase the flow rate.
Another important component of variable displacement hydraulic pumps is
the swash plate. This component is responsible for changing the angle of the
pistons within the pump, which in turn changes the displacement of the
pump. By adjusting the angle of the swash plate, the pump can increase or
decrease its output, providing the necessary amount of fluid to the system.
Variable displacement hydraulic pumps can also include other components,
such as check valves and control valves, which help to regulate the flow of
hydraulic fluid and prevent backflow. By carefully managing the flow of
hydraulic fluid, variable displacement pumps can operate with high
efficiency and reliability, providing optimal performance for hydraulic
systems in a variety of industrial applications
@hydraulic motor read from marine samrajya

@deck cranes why??

Deck cranes are essential for maritime operations. They are used for a
variety of heavy lifting tasks, such as:
Loading and unloading cargo
Moving gear around on deck

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Retrieval of goods on shores without unloading devices
Lifting and lowering floating equipment

Base Structure of the crane: The base structure of the crane is an extra
strengthened structure, on which, the pedestal of the crane is mounted.
Fixed Pedestal: This structure equally distributes the stresses to the base
structure and also incorporates the moving turrets via a slew ring
connection to enable the rotational movement of the crane
Moving Turret: Moving turret is where the operator’s cabin is situated, and
the crane Jib is connected to it. As per the make and design, the turret can
move 360 degrees to its centre of rotation.
Jib Arm: The Jib arm is what carries the load. The arm can be hydraulically
moved in four directions- Up, down, back and forward. The moving turret
performs the rotational movement of the crane to transfer the load.

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Hoist with wire: The hoist is hanged at the end of the Job arm with the use
of steel wire ropes, which are connected to the winch drum for lifting or
lowering weight for transfer.
Outriggers: Provide extra safety and stability when moving materials
Sheaves: Allow for free movement of the wire rope while minimizing wear
and tear
Hook: Picks and lifts loads or materials off the ground
Hook block: Increases the crane’s lifting force
@Advantages of deck crane
Simple operation
High loading and unloading efficiency
Flexibility
No cumbersome preparation before operation
Can maneuver into hard-to-reach places
Mechanical controls allow for accurate movements
Different features and accessories can be added for a particular function
Relatively affordable

@saftey Stops and cut outs on crane

The deck cargo crane is provided with an emergency stop, overload
protection, hydraulic oil filter and level alarms, brakes etc. as safety
devices.
Other safety features for cranes include:
Load limiters
Motion sensors
Slow down and stop limit switches

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Anti-two block alarms

@maintainance
Wires
The wires for the cranes – those fitted and any spares – should each have a
certificate and these should be kept with the cargo gear record book.
Although not a requirement, the ship should maintain a record of the wires
for each crane, listing the certificate for each wire and when the wires were
fitted.
Hydraulic Oil
The majority of cranes onboard ship are of the electrohydraulic type. It is
important that the hydraulic oil is maintained in good condition. In addition
to regularly checking oil levels, filters should be regularly inspected. These
often have indicators to show when they need cleaning and may have a
magnet fitted, which should be inspected for any significant build-up of
ferrous debris.
Brakes and safety devices
The brakes on the cranes should be regularly inspected and their condition
recorded. Band brakes often have indicators to show the correct brake
tension but linings should be checked to ensure they are of adequate
thickness and are not contaminated with oil. Disk brakes are usually checked
by measuring the clearance, and this should be recorded in the maintenance
records

@rocking test
A rocking test of a deck crane measures the wear of the sleeve bearing. The
test measures the deflection between the crane pedestal and the rotating
crane housing. This measurement indicates the rate of wear.

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A rocking test, also known as a tilt clearance measurement, is performed on
a deck crane to determine the condition of its slewing bearing. The test
measures the relative movement between the inner and outer bearing races
to determine the rate of wear

Q. Anchor windlass
(a) The anchor windlass plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe operation of
a ship, especially during anchoring and mooring procedures. Its functions
contribute to the overall safety of the vessel, crew, and the environment.
Here’s how:
Anchor Handling: The anchor windlass is responsible for handling the anchor
and anchor chain. It controls the lowering and raising of the anchor,
ensuring controlled and safe deployment.
Precise Control: The windlass provides the crew with precise control over the
anchor’s movement, allowing for gradual and controlled lowering or raising.
This control prevents sudden jolts that could affect the stability of the ship.
Preventing Hull Damage: The windlass controls the speed at which the anchor is
released. This prevents the heavy anchor head from exerting sudden forces
on the ship’s hull, avoiding potential damage.
Anchor Stowage: The windlass ensures proper stowage of the anchor and
chain, preventing tangling and ensuring readiness for future use.
Emergency Response: The windlass is equipped with safety features, such as
manual overrides and hydraulic brakes, that allow the crew to quickly
respond to emergency situations and halt the anchor operation if needed.
Enhanced Maneuverability: Effective anchor handling provided by the windlass
allows the ship to anchor in suitable locations, enhancing the ship’s
maneuverability and safety during Mooring and docking

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(b) (i) Cable Lifter: A cable lifter is a component that grips the anchor chain,
preventing it from slipping on the chain wheel while the windlass is
engaged.

(ii) Brake Shoe: The brake shoe is a part of the windlass equipped with
hydraulic brakes. It controls the rotation of the chain wheel, enabling
smooth and controlled anchor deployment.

(iii) Warped Drum: The warped drum is a part of the windlass that stores the
anchor chain when not in use. It ensures organized and controlled storage of
the chain, preventing tangles.

(iv) Dog Clutch: The dog clutch is a mechanism that engages or disengages
the windlass from the chain wheel. It enables the operator to control the
rotation of the chain wheel and the anchor deployment.

(v) Slipping Clutch: A slipping clutch is a safety feature that prevents

excessive tension on the anchor chain. It allows controlled slippage of the
clutch if the tension becomes too high, preventing damage to the windlass
and the chain.

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Q.w. r. t hatchcover
(a) The main role of hatch covers in dry cargo vessels is to ensure weather-
tightness and prevent water from entering the vessel’s cargo holds. They are
designed to fit in a way that allows continuous steel-to-steel contact
between the hatch and the coaming, maximizing the penetration of the
rubber gasket by the compression bar. This design is essential to keep the
cargo holds dry and protect the cargo from external elements, such as salt-
laden air, waves, and contamination during loading and discharging
operations. Proper maintenance of hatch covers is crucial to prevent
deterioration in performance and costly delays in port operations.
Types of Mechanically Operated Hatch Covers:
. Lifting Type: Also known as lift-away type hatch covers, these are
commonly used on container ships.
They can be further classified into:
Single Panel Covers: Each opening is covered by a single large cover, often
seen on bulk carriers
Multi-Panel Covers: Multiple covers are used to cover a single hold,
commonly observed in cellular container ships for longitudinal joints or
multipurpose cargo ships for transverse joints.

Rolling Type: Rolling type hatch covers consist of two covers at the end of
the hatchway. They can be divided into:
End Rolling: The covers slide athwartship.
Side Rolling: The covers slide longitudinally.
Piggyback & Telescopic: This type of rolling cover allows one cover to be
stacked on top of another to facilitate opening.this are used when available
deck space is insufficient to accommodate folding or rolling hatch cover

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Folding Type: Folding hatch covers consist of two flat panels operated via
hydraulic arms. They are commonly used on general cargo ships and can be
fitted on both weather decks and tween decks. The advantage of folding
Type covers is their large size, which reduces the number of panels needed
to cover the hatchway.

Sliding Type: Sliding hatch covers slide open sideways to reveal the cargo
hold. They are less common and used on certain specialized vessels.

( b) [Sketch -single pull

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© Watertightness is ensured in the single-pull hatch cover design through
the tight sealing of the rubber gasket against the steel compression bar.
When the covers are closed and secured with cleats, the peripheral cleats
hold the panels firmly onto the rubber gasket and compression bars,
maintaining a weather-tight seal.

The function of cleats is to provide additional securing and stability to the

hatch cover panels. They prevent any movement or shifting that could
compromise the watertight integrity of the covers, especially during rough
sea conditions or vessel motions. Cleats are an essential component to
ensure the proper functioning of the hatch covers and the protection of
cargo from water ingress.

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