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Industrial
Automation
Week-2
Automation Examples and Manufacturing Industries
 Cars 2

Brake by wire:
There is a sensor, connected with the pedal. Controller detects the signal,
and generates actuating signal to the braking disc

traditional: appliances control (windows, seats, radio,..)

motor control
critical new applications: ABS (anti-lock braking systems)
and EPS (Electronic Power Steering)
brake-by-wire, steer-by-wire (“X-by-wire”) increased safety ?
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Rail vehicles

there are more than 20 interconnected computers on a locomotive

radio link vehicle control unit

display unit

VCU VCU
DU DU
TCU TCU

SBB 460
brakes diagnostics traction control unit energy

Benefits: reduce operation costs, faster diagnostics, better energy management,

automatic train control.
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Airplanes

Aircraft have a flight envelope

that describes its safe
performance limits regarding
such things as minimum and
maximum operating speeds,
and its operating structural
strength

• “avionics”: Avionics are the electronic systems used on aircraft

• flight control (safe flight envelope, autopilot, “engineer”)
• flight management
• flight recording (black boxes, turbine supervision)
• diagnostics
• “fly-by-wire” high reliability
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Launch vehicles

Control
Panels
GPC 1 GPC 2 GPC 3 GPC 4 GPC 5
CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3 CPU 4 CPU 5
IOP 1 IOP 2 IOP 3 IOP 4 IOP 5

Intercomputer (5)
Mass memory (2)
Display system (4) serial data
Payload operation (2) buses
Launch function (2) ( 23 shared,
Flight instrument (5;1 dedicated per GPC) 5 dedicated )
Flight - critical sensor and control (8)
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Robots
• Extension limited to 2-3 m (portal
robots 10-20m)
• Frequent reprogramming for new
tasks, tooling
• Simple embedded computer
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Substations

• Protection (Lines, transformers,

generators) very high-speed
response
• Control (remote or local) to
guarantee power flow, safe
operation (interlocking)
• Measurement (local and
remote), electricity bill, power
flow in grid
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Pharmaceutical
Industry
• Inventory
• Recipe management
• Packaging
• Tracking & tracing: Track-and-trace is
the ability to identify and track a product
from its point of origin all the way
through the supply chain to the end
consumer
• Comply with government rules
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Process Industry

Cement

Pulp & Paper

Metals and Minerals

Glass production
Continuous flow of materials, often 24 hours a day Chemical ….
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Building Automation
basics: fire, interruption, climate, energy management
HVAC = Heat, Ventilation and Cooling = air conditioning