Chemical Reactions

Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double

Replacement, Combustion

 Synthesis (Combination) Reaction: Two or more substances combine to form a new

compound. Example: A+B→ABA + B \rightarrow ABA+B→AB

 Decomposition Reaction: A compound breaks down into two or more simpler

substances. Example: AB→A+BAB \rightarrow A + BAB→A+B

 Single Replacement Reaction: One element replaces another in a compound. Example:

A+BC→AC+BA + BC \rightarrow AC + BA+BC→AC+B

 Double Replacement Reaction: Exchange of ions between two compounds. Example:

AB+CD→AD+CBAB + CD \rightarrow AD + CBAB+CD→AD+CB

 Combustion Reaction: A substance reacts with oxygen, often producing heat and light.
Example: CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2OCH_4 + 2O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + 2H_2OCH4+2O2
→CO2+2H2O

Reaction Kinetics and Equilibrium

 Reaction Kinetics: The study of the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that affect
them, such as concentration, temperature, and catalysts.

 Equilibrium: A state in which the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate,
resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.

Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

 Concentration: Higher concentrations generally increase the rate of reaction.

 Temperature: Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of particles, leading to

more frequent and energetic collisions.

 Catalysts: Substances that increase the rate of reaction without being consumed in the
process.
 Surface Area: Greater surface area of reactants can increase the rate of reaction.