Translation

Handout
Code: 1104
Dr. Hussein Mostafa Moharram
 The Germans: A Lot like Us
"We don’t want to become Americans” German voters have
spoken.. That’s how senior German politician explained the recent
election to me. And it’s the conventional interpretation. Germans are
said to have rejected the Christian Democrats’ program of economic
reform. And they did this despite overwhelming evidence – extremely
low growth and high unemployment – that the economy needs
restructuring. (Anything can be discredited these days by attaching the
label “American” to it.) Reformist voices are quiet, and globalization
supporters' forces are gleeful. But the latter should put away their party
hats. Germany is changing, and it will change no matter what the new
government looks like.

Vocabulary

Conventional
Overwhelming evidence
Globalization
Gleeful
Interpretation

‫ إﻧﮭم ﯾﺷﺑﮭوﻧﻧﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺣد ﺑﻌﯾد‬: ‫اﻷﻟﻣﺎن‬

‫ ھﻛ��ذا ﻓﺳ��ر ﻟ��ﻰ ﺳﯾﺎﺳ��ﻰ‬."‫ "ﻻ ﻧرﯾ��د أن ﻧﻛ��ون أﻣ��رﯾﻛﯾﯾن‬: ‫ﻗ��ﺎل اﻟﻧ��ﺎﺧﺑون اﻷﻟﻣ��ﺎن ﻛﻠﻣ��ﺗﮭم‬
‫ إذ ﯾﻘ��ﺎل إن اﻷﻟﻣ��ﺎن رﻓﺿ��وا‬، ‫ وھ��و ﺗﻔﺳ��ﯾر ﺗﻘﻠﯾ��دى‬.‫أﻟﻣ��ﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﺑﯾ��ر اﻻﻧﺗﺧﺎﺑ��ﺎت اﻷﺧﯾ��رة ﻓ��ﻰ أﻟﻣﺎﻧﯾ��ﺎ‬
‫ وھ�م ﻓﻌﻠ�وا ذﻟ�ك ﺑ�ﺎﻟرﻏم ﻣ�ن أدﻟ�ﺔ‬.‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺣزب اﻟ�دﯾﻣوﻗراطﻰ اﻟﻣﺳ�ﯾﺣﻰ ﻟﻺﺻ�ﻼح اﻻﻗﺗﺻ�ﺎدى‬
‫داﻣﻐﺔ – ﻧﻣو ﻣﺗدن إﻟﻰ ﺣد ﻛﺑﯾر ﺟدا ً وﺑطﺎﻟﺔ ﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺟدا ً – ﻋﻠﻰ إن اﻗﺗﺻﺎدھم ﺑﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﻟ�ﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﯾ�ﺔ‬
"‫ )ﻓﻘد ﺑﺎت ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻛﺎن ﻧزع اﻟﻣﺻداﻗﯾﺔ ﻋن أى ﺷﻲء ھذه اﻷﯾﺎم ﺑﺈﻟﺻﺎق ﺳﻣﺔ "أﻣرﯾﻛ�ﻰ‬.‫إﻋﺎدة ھﯾﻛﻠﺔ‬
‫ وﻟﻛ��ن ﻋﻠ��ﻰ‬.ً‫ اﻷﺻ��وات اﻹﺻ��ﻼﺣﯾﺔ ھ��دأت اﻵن وأﺻ��وات أﻧﺻ��ﺎر اﻟﻌوﻟﻣ��ﺔ ﺗﺻ��دح ﻋﺎﻟﯾ �ﺎ‬.(‫ﻋﻠﯾ��ﮫ‬
‫ وﺳ��وف ﺗﺗﻐﯾ��ر ﺑﻐ��ض اﻟﻧظ��ر ﻋﻣ��ﺎ‬، ‫ ﻓﺄﻟﻣﺎﻧﯾ��ﺎ ﺗﺗﻐﯾ��ر‬.‫أﻧﺻ��ﺎر اﻟﻌوﻟﻣ��ﺔ أن ﯾﺧﻠﻌ��وا ﻗﺑﻌ��ﺎﺗﮭم اﻟﺣزﺑﯾ��ﺔ‬
.‫ﺳﯾﻛون ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ اﻟﺟدﯾدة‬

Political expressions:

The language of politics differs from our daily language. So, you should be cautious while
translating a political passage because you may translate a word with its ordinary meaning
and this leads to a drastic deviation in the meaning.

Political expressions:

1- The stick and carrot policy ‫ﺳﯾﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺗرھﯾب واﻟﺗرﻏﯾب‬

2- To break the ice of negotiations. ‫ﻛﺳر ﺟﻣود اﻟﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺎت‬
3- Negotiations reached a deadlock ‫ﻓﺷﻠت اﻟﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺎت‬
‫دﺧﻠت اﻟﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻧﻔﻖ اﻟﻣظﻠم‬

4- Front benches ‫أﺻﺣﺎب اﻟﻧﻔوذ اﻟﻘوﯾﺔ‬

5- Self – determination ‫ﺣﻖ ﺗﻘرﯾر اﻟﻣﺻﯾر‬
6- Thumb – up – sign ‫ﻛﺷر ﻋن أﻧﯾﺎﺑﮫ‬
7- Black out ‫ﺗﻌﺗﯾم إﻋﻼﻣﻰ‬
8- Lame duck ‫ﻓﻰ ﻣﻧﺻب ﻛﺑﯾر ﺳﯾﺗرﻛﮫ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻗرﯾب‬
9- Zionist entity ‫اﻟﻛﯾﺎن اﻟﺻﮭﯾوﻧﻰ‬
10- The police combed the area ‫ﻟﻘد ﻣﺷط اﻟﺑوﻟﯾس اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬

Britain: Losing His Hand

It was undoubtedly a key moment in the rise and fall of Tony Blair. For the
first time since taking office in 1997, the British prime minister lost a vote in
Parliament last week. His hard-fought bid to change legislation to give the police
more time to question terror suspects went down in flames. Blair is unlikely to
recover the command and control he once exercised over his party. For a long time
Blair had three cards up his sleeve: a commanding Labour majority in the House of
Commons, an impotent opposition and the prospect of a smooth handover to his
likely successor, Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown. He's now lost two of
those cards. He has a smaller majority after this year's election, and once cautious
rebels who now smell blood are sure to try to frustrate his "legacy" agenda on health
and education. In addition, the Conservatives are gathering force.

Card No. 3, the desire for a smooth transfer to Brown, is all Blair has left—but
it could be enough. It's in the party's interest "to ensure a happy, calm transition
between these two powerful men," says one Labour M.P., who could not be named
because he does not want to alienate either cap. "Brown needs a powerful Blair with
full authority." Crucially, Blair could now win Brown's much-needed help in passing
his legacy reforms.

Vocabulary
Legislation

Impotent

Chancellor of the Exchequer

Legacy

Went down in flames

 ‫ﺑرﯾطﺎﻧﯾﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻘدان ﻧﻔوذه‬
‫ﻟﻘد ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﻠك ﺑﻼﺷك ﻟﺣظﺔ رﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻌود وأﻓول ﻧﺟم ﺗوﻧﻰ ﺑﻠ�ﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻠﻣ�رة اﻷوﻟ�ﻰ ﻣﻧ�ذ ﺗوﻟﯾ�ﮫ رﺋﺎﺳ�ﺔ اﻟ�وزراء‬
‫ﻋﺎم ‪ ،1997‬ﯾﺧﺳر رﺋﯾس اﻟوزراء اﻟﺑرﯾطﺎﻧﻰ ﺗﺻوﯾﺗﺎ ً ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑرﻟﻣﺎن اﻟﺑرﯾطﺎﻧﻰ‪ .‬ﻓﻘد ذھﺑت ﻣﺣﺎوﻟﺗﮫ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺑ�ذل ﻗﺻ�ﺎرى ﺟﮭ�ده‬
‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻟﺗﻐﯾﯾر ﺗﺷرﯾﻊ ﯾﻣﻧﺢ اﻟﺷرطﺔ اﻟﺑرﯾطﺎﻧﯾ�ﺔ ﻣﺗﺳ�ﻌﺎ ً أﻛﺑ�ر رﻣ�ن اﻟوﻗ�ت ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻘﯾ�ﻖ ﻣ�ﻊ اﻟﻣﺷ�ﺗﺑﮫ ﻓ�ﻰ اﻧﺗﻣ�ﺎﺋﮭم ﻟﺗﻧظﯾﻣ�ﺎت إرھﺎﺑﯾ�ﺔ‬
‫أدراج اﻟرﯾﺎح‪ .‬وﻣن ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣرﺟﺢ أن ﯾﺳﺗﻌﯾد ﺑﻠﯾر ﻗدرﺗﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة واﻟﺳﯾطرة اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻣﺗ�ﻊ ﺑﮭ�ﺎ ﯾوﻣ�ﺎ ً ﻋﻠ�ﻰ ﺣزﺑ�ﮫ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠ�ﻰ ﻣ�دى‬
‫ﻓﺗرة طوﯾﻠﺔ ﻛﺎن ﺑﻠﯾر ﯾﻣﺳك ﺑﺛﻼث ﺑطﺎﻗﺎت ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺟﻌﺑﺗﮫ ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻟﺑﯾﺔ ﻣﺳﯾطرة ﻟﺣزب اﻟﻌﻣﺎل ﻓﻰ ﻣﺟﻠس اﻟﻌﻣوم ‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﺎرﺿ�ﺔ‬
‫ﻏﯾر ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬واﺣﺗﻣﺎل ﺗﺳﻠﯾم ﻣﻘﺎﻟﯾد اﻟﺣﻛم ﺑﺳﻼﺳﺔ ﻟﺧﻠﯾﻔﺗﮫ اﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣل وزﯾر اﻟﺧزاﻧﺔ ﻏوردون ﺑ�راون‪ ،‬وﻟﻛﻧ�ﮫ ﻓﻘ�د اﻵن اﺛﻧ�ﯾن ﻣ�ن‬
‫ھذه اﻟﺑطﺎﻗﺎت ‪ ،‬ﻓﮭو ﯾﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﺑﻐﺎﻟﺑﯾﺔ أﻗل ﺑﻌد اﻧﺗﺧﺎﺑﺎت ھذا اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣ�ﺎ أن اﻟﻣﺗﻣ�ردﯾن اﻟﺣ�ذرﯾن اﻟ�ذى ﯾﺷ�ﺗﻣون راﺋﺣ�ﺔ اﻟ�دم اﻷن‬
‫ﻻﺑد ﻣن إن ﯾﺣﺎوﻟوا إﺣﺑﺎط أﺟﻧدة "ﺗرﻛﺗﮫ" ﻓﻰ ﻗﺿﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم واﻟﺻﺣﺔ ‪ ،‬وإﺿﺎﻓﺔً إﻟﻰ ذﻟك ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻣﺣ�ﺎﻓظﯾن ﺑ�دأوا ﯾﺳ�ﺗﺟﻣﻌون‬
‫ﺻﻔوﻓﮭم‪.‬‬

‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺑطﺎﻗﺔ رﻗم ‪ ، 3‬اﻟرﻏﺑﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻘل ﺳ�ﻠس ﻟﻠﺳ�ﻠطﺔ ﻟﺑ�راون ‪ ،‬ﻓﮭ�ﻰ اﻟﺑطﺎﻗ�ﺔ اﻟوﺣﯾ�دة اﻟﺗ�ﻰ ﻣ�ﺎزال ﺑﻠﯾ�ر ﯾﺳ�ﻣك ﺑﮭ�ﺎ؛‬
‫وﻟﻛﻧﮭﺎ ﻗد ﺗﻛﻔﯾﮫ‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﯾﻘول أﺣد أﻋﺿﺎء اﻟﺑرﻟﻣﺎن اﻟﻌﻣﺎﻟﯾﯾن اﻟذى ﻓﺿل اﻟﺣدﯾث ﻣن دون ذﻛر اﺳ�ﻣﮫ ﻷﻧ�ﮫ ﻻ ﯾرﯾ�د اﺳ�ﺗﻌداء أى‬
‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﻌﺳﻛرﯾن ﻓﻰ ﺣزﺑﮫ إن ﻣﺻﻠﺣﺔ اﻟﺣزب "ﺿﻣﺎن اﻧﺗﻘﺎل ﺳﻌﯾد وھﺎدئ ﺑﯾن ھذﯾن اﻟ�رﺟﻠﯾن اﻟﻘ�وﯾﯾن‪ .‬وأﺿ�ﺎف "إن ﺑ�راون‬
‫ﯾرﯾد ﺑﻠﯾر ﻗوﯾﺎ ً وﯾﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﺑﺳ�ﻠطﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠ�ﺔ‪ .‬وﺑﺻ�ورة ﺣﺎﺳ�ﻣﺔ ﻓ�ﺈن ﻣ�ن اﻟﻣﻣﻛ�ن ﻟﺑﻠﯾ�ر اﻵن أن ﯾﺣﺻ�ل ﻋﻠ�ﻰ ﺗﺄﯾﯾ�د ﺑ�راون اﻟ�ذى ھ�و‬
‫ﺑﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﺎﺳﺔ إﻟﯾﮫ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻌزﯾز إﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﺗﻰ ھﻰ ﻋﻧوان ﺗرﻛﺗﮫ‪.‬‬
 Abbreviations and Acronyms
UNESCO ---- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ‫ﻣﻧظﻣ�ﺔ‬
(‫اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ﻟﻠﺗرﺑﯾﺔ واﻟﻌﻠوم واﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ )اﻟﯾوﻧﺳﻛو‬

UNICEF ---- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

‫ﺻﻧدوق اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة اﻟدوﻟﻰ ﻟدﻋم اﻟطﻔوﻟﺔ‬

UNRWA ---- United Nations Relief and Works Agency (for Palestine Refugees in the
Near East) ‫وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ وﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻼﺟﺋﯾن اﻟﻔﻠﺳطﯾﻧﯾﯾن ﻓﻰ اﻟﺷرق اﻷدﻧﻰ‬

UNIDO ---- United Nations Industrial Development Organization

‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ﻟﻠﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬

UNRISD ---- United Nations Research Institute for Social Development

‫ﻣﻌﮭد اﻟﺑﺣوث ﻟﻠﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة‬

WTO ---- Warsaw Treaty Organization ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ ﺣﻠف وارﺳو‬

WEP ---- World Food Programme ‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻐذاء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻰ‬

NATO ---- North Atlantic Treaty Organization ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ ﺣﻠف ﺷﻣﺎل اﻷطﻠﺳﻰ‬

OPEC ---- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺑﻠدان اﻟﻣﺻدرة ﻟﻠﺑﺗرول‬

AOPEC ----- Arab Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ‫ﻣﻧظﻣ�ﺔ اﻷﻗط�ﺎر اﻟﻌرﺑﯾ�ﺔ‬
(‫اﻟﻣﺻدرة ﻟﻠﺑﺗرول )اﻟﻧﻔط( )اﻷواﺑك‬

ALO ----- Arab Labour Organization ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬

ALESCO ---- Arab League Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ‫اﻟﻣﻧظﻣ�ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗرﺑﯾﺔ واﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﻌﻠوم‬

APU ---- Arab Postal Union ‫اﺗﺣﺎد اﻟﺑرﯾد اﻟﻌرﺑﻰ‬

CIOMS ---- Council for international Organization of Medical Sciences ‫ﻣﺟﻠ�س اﻟﻣﻧظﻣ�ﺎت‬
‫اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوم اﻟطﺑﯾﺔ‬

COSTED ----- Committee on Science and Technology in Developing Countries ‫ﻟﺟﻧ�ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻠوم واﻟﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﯾﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟدول اﻟﻧﺎﻣﯾﺔ‬
COSPAR ---- Committee on Space Research ‫ﻟﺟﻧﺔ ﺑﺣوث اﻟﻔﺿﺎء‬

CAF ---- African Football Confederation ‫اﻻﺗﺣﺎد اﻷﻓرﯾﻘﻰ ﻟﻛرة اﻟﻘدم‬

AFL ---- American Federation of Labor ‫اﺗﺣﺎد اﻟﻌﻣﺎل اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﻰ‬

AATTA --- Arab Association of Tourist and Travel Agents

‫اﻟﺟﻣﻌﯾﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ ﻟوﻛﻼء اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺣﺔ واﻟرﺣﻼت‬

WPC ---- World Council of Peace ‫ﻣﺟﻠس اﻟﺳﻼم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻰ‬

UPU ---- Universal Postal Union ‫اﻻﺗﺣﺎد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻰ ﻟﻠﺑرﯾد‬

 Solar Eclipse
Bangkok – Astrologers said Tuesday their business is booming because
thousands of Thais are seeking advice on how to ward off any evil effects of a
solar eclipse next month.

A total eclipse will be visible over many parts of Southeast Asia Oct. 24.
Those inclined to astrological interpretation say the event marks the inauspicious
attempt of the god Rahu to swallow the sun.

''Many people have been consulting palm readers and astrologers

because of the eclipse'', said Charan Pigool, who writes an astrology column and
is a consultant to the Thai Astrologers Association.

Sixty percent of the population still consults astrologers on a regular basis,

it says.

Although the state religion is Buddhism, Thais have incorporated many

Brahmin, animist and folk beliefs into their faith.

Vocabulary

Astrologers

Eclipse

Palm readers

Buddhism

Animist
 ‫ﺧﺴﻮف اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬

‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻣﻧﺟﻣون ﯾوم اﻟﺛﻼﺛﺎء أن أﻋﻣﺎﻟﮭم ﺗﻣر ﺑﺣﺎﻟﺔ رواج ﺷدﯾدة ﻷن اﻵﻻف ﻣن اﻟﺗﺎﯾﻼﻧدﯾﯾن ﯾﺳﺄﻟوﻧﮭم اﻟﻧﺻ�ﺢ ﻓ�ﻰ ﻛﯾﻔﯾ�ﺔ إﯾﺟ�ﺎد‬
‫)ﺗﻔﺎدى – ﺗﺟﻧب( اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺿﺎرة ﻟﺧﺳوف اﻟﺷﻣس اﻟذى ﺳﯾﻘﻊ اﻟﺷﮭر اﻟﻘﺎدم‪.‬‬

‫وﺳ��وف ﯾﺣ��دث ﺧﺳ��وف ﻛﻠ��ﻰ ﯾﻛ��ون ظ��ﺎھرا ً ﻓ��ﻰ ﻣﻌظ��م أﻧﺣ��ﺎء ﺟﻧ��وب ﺷ��رق آﺳ��ﯾﺎ ﻓ��ﻰ ‪ 24‬أﻛﺗ��وﺑر وﯾﻘوﻟ��ون اﻟﻣﻌﺗﻘ��دون ﻓ��ﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺳﯾرات اﻟﻣﻧﺟﻣﯾن أن ھذا اﻟﺣدث ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺣﺎوﻟﺔ أﺣد اﻵﻟﮭﺔ أن ﯾﺑﺗﻠﻊ اﻟﺷﻣس‬

‫وﻗد ﺻرح ﺷﺎران اﻟذى ﯾﺣرر ﻋﺎﻣود ﻓﻠﻛﻰ واﻟﻣﺳﺗﺷﺎر ﻓ�ﻰ اﺗﺣ�ﺎد اﻟﻣﻧﺟﻣ�ﯾن أن اﻟﺗﺎﯾﻼﻧ�دﯾﯾن أﺧ�ذوا ﯾﺳﺗﺷ�ﯾرون ﻗ�ﺎرﺋﻰ اﻟﻛ�ف‬
‫واﻟﻣﻧﺟﻣﯾن ﺑﺳﺑب ھذا اﻟﺧﺳوف‪.‬‬

‫وأَﺿﺎف ﻗﺎﺋﻼً أن ‪ %60‬ﻣن اﻟﺳﻛﺎن ﯾﺗرددون ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺟﻣﯾن وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻣ�ن أن اﻟﻌﻘﯾ�دة اﻷﺳﺎﺳ�ﯾﺔ ھ�ﻰ اﻟﺑ�ودﯾزم )اﻟﺑوذﯾ�ﺔ(‬
‫إﻻ أن اﻟﺗﺎﯾﻼﻧدﯾﯾن أدﺧﻠوا اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﻣﻌﺗﻘدات اﻟﺑراھﻣﯾﻧﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟوﺛﻧﯾﺔ واﻟﺷﻌﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻘﯾدﺗﮭم‪.‬‬
 Cambodians Want Land Mine Ban
Phnom Penh – Cambodians marked the UN International Peace Day and
their festival of the dead Tuesday with calls for a total ban on land mines ahead of
an international review of the weapons that opens Monday in Vienna.

''On International Peace Day, which falls during Ptchum Ben, our
Cambodian festival for the dead,'' said the Buddhist leader Maha Ghosananda,
''we pray for peace and we pray for the dead, particularly those killed during war
and by land mines''.

''There is no peace without a total ban on land mines of all types,'' he said
in a speech to a crowd that included one of the nation's prime ministers, Prince
Norodom Ranariddh, as well as nuns, monks, amputees and aid workers.

Vocabulary

Land mines

Festival

Weapons

Prime ministers

Amputees
 ‫ﻛﺎﻣﺒﻮدﯾﺎ ﺗﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺤﻈﺮ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ‬

‫اﺗﺧذ اﻟﻛﺎﻣﺑودﯾون اﺣﺗﻔﺎﻟﮭم ﯾوم اﻟﺛﻼﺛﺎء ﺑﯾوم اﻟﺳﻼم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة واﻟﺷﮭداء ﻛﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠدﻋوة إﻟﻰ ﺣظر ﺷﺎﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم اﻟﺑرﯾﺔ وذﻟك ﻗﺑل ﻣراﺟﻌﺔ دوﻟﯾﺔ ﻟﮭذه اﻷﺳﻠﺣﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺳوف‬
‫ﺗﻔﺗﺢ ﻓﻰ ﻓﯾﯾﻧﺎ ﯾوم اﻻﺛﻧﯾن‪.‬‬

‫وﻗﺎل اﻟزﻋﯾم اﻟﺑوذى إﻧﻧﺎ ﻓﻰ ﯾوم اﻟﺳﻼم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻰ واﻟذى ﯾواﻓﻖ اﺣﺗﻔﺎﻟﻧﺎ ﺷﮭداء ﻛﻣﺑودﯾﺎ وﻧﺻﻠﻰ ﻣن‬
‫أﺟل اﻟﺳﻼم واﻟﻣوت وﻻﺳﯾﻣﺎ ﻣن ﻗﺗل ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣروب ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻐﺎم‪.‬‬

‫وﻗﺎل ﻓﻰ ﺧطﺎب ﻟﺣﺷد اﻟﺟﻣﺎھﯾر ﻻ ﯾوﺟد ﺳﻼم ﺑدون ﺣظر ﻛل اﻷﻟﻐﺎم اﻷرﺿﯾﺔ ﺑﻛل أﻧواﻋﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺿر ھذا اﻟﺧطﺎب أﺣد وﻛﻼء اﻟوزارة وھو اﻷﻣﯾر ﻧوردوم ‪ ،‬وﻛذﻟك راھﺑﺎت ورھﺑﺎن وﺑﻌض‬
‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾن ﺑﺑﺗر ﻓﻰ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم وﻣوظﻔﻰ اﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
 Notice the word "right" and its different meanings in the following
context

The teacher asked the student to draw a right angle ‫ زاوﯾﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬but insisted that the
student draw it with his right hand ‫ ﺑﯾده اﻟﯾﻣﻧﻰ‬while the student was left handed. Of course he
didn’t draw it right ‫ ﻟم ﯾرﺳﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﺿﺑوطﺔ‬and the teacher gave him low marks. right away ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔور‬
the student went to the headmaster and complained that it was his right ‫ ﺣﻘﮫ‬to draw with
whichever hand he liked. The headmaster who was an upright man ‫ رﺟل ﻋﺎدل‬agreed that he
was right ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻖ‬and that the teacher did not treat him right ‫ ﯾﻌﺎﻣﻠﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻌدل أو ﻛﻣﺎ ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻰ‬and
ordered the teacher to right ‫ ﯾﺻﺣﺢ‬the student’s marks.

: ‫ وﻛﯾف ﺑﺣث اﻟﻣﺗرﺟم ﻋن ﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ ﯾﻧﺎﺳب ﺳﯾﺎق ﻛل ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬involve ‫وﻛذﻟك ﻻﺣظ ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬

1- His friendship with the accused involved him in the ‫ورطﺘﮫ ﺻﺪاﻗﺘﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﮭﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﻀﯿﺤﺔ‬ -1

scandal.

2- The clouds involved the hills. ‫اﻛﺘﻨﻒ اﻟﻐﻤﺎم اﻟﺘﻼل‬ -2

3- The matter involves my honour. ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﺸﺮﻓﻰ‬ -3

4- The job offered involves my living in Alexandria. ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أن أﻋﯿﺶ ﻓﻰ اﻷﺳﻜﻨﺪرﯾﺔ‬ -4

5- The teacher involved the whole class in the research. ‫أﺷﺮك اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ طﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ -5

6- The project involved me in unnecessary expense.

‫ﻛﻠﻔﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻧﻔﻘﺎت ﻻ ﺿﺮورة ﻟﮭﺎ‬ -6

:(‫وﻛذﻟك اﻷﻣر ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ )اﻧظر ﻛﯾف ﺗرﺟﻣﻧﺎ ﻓﻌل "ﺿرب" ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﻣل اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬

1- The player hit the ball. ‫ ﺿﺮب اﻟﻼﻋﺐ اﻟﻜﺮة‬-1

2- The man beat the boy. ‫ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ‬-2

3- He set an example. ً‫ ﺿﺮب ﺿﺮب ﻣﺜﻼ‬-3

4- He fired the gun. ‫ ﺿﺮب اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻊ‬-4

5- He traveled through the land. ‫ ﺿﺮب ﻓﻰ اﻷرض‬-5

6- He schemed and plotted. ‫ ﺿﺮب أﺧﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻓﻰ أﺳﺪاس‬-6

7- He shared in the matter. ‫ ﺿﺮب ﻓﻰ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺴﮭﻢ‬-7

8- Sleep overtook him. ‫ ﺿﺮب اﻟﻨﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ أذﻧﯿﮫ‬-8

9- He minted dirhams and dinars. ‫ ﺿﺮب اﻟﺪراھﻢ واﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﯿﺮ‬-9

10- He made him an appointment. ً ‫ ﺿﺮب ﻟﮫ ﻣﻮﻋﺪا‬-10

11- He erected his tent in the destert ‫ ﺿﺮب ﺧﯿﻤﺘﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء‬-11
 Militant From India Seeks
Asylum
Bloomington, Minnesota – A man the authorities have described as India's
most wanted terrorist will remain in custody in the United States pending his
asylum hearing in January authorities said.

An attorney for Daya Singh Sandhu, 33, requested asylum for his client at
a hearing Monday before a U.S. immigration judge, Robert Vinikoor.

Authorities say Mr. Sandhu is the leader of the militant Khalistan Liberation
Force, which seeks an independent Sikh state in Punjab. He was arrested Aug. 3
in Minnesota.
 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﮭﻨﺪ ﯾﻄﻠﺐ ﺣﻖ اﻟﻠﺠﻮء اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﻰ‬

‫أﻋﻠﻧت اﻟﺳﻠطﺎت أن ﺷﺧص ﺗﺻﻔﮫ ﺑﺄﺧطر إرھﺎﺑﻰ ھﻧ�دى ﻣطﻠ�وب اﻟﻘ�ﺑض ﻋﻠﯾ�ﮫ وﺳ�وف ﯾﺑﻘ�ﻰ رھ�ن اﻻﺣﺗﺟ�ﺎز ﻓ�ﻰ اﻟوﻻﯾ�ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ﻓﻰ اﻧﺗظﺎر ﺟﻠﺳﺔ ﺑﺣث طﻠب ﻟﺟوﺋﮫ اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﻰ ﻓﻰ ﯾﻧﺎﯾر‪.‬‬

‫وﻗد طﻠب ﻣﺣﺎﻣﻰ راﯾﺎ اﻟﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣن اﻟﻌﻣر ‪ 33‬ﻋ�ﺎم ﺣ�ﻖ اﻟﻠﺟ�وء اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳ�ﻰ ﻟﻣوﻛﻠ�ﮫ ﻓ�ﻰ ﺟﻠﺳ�ﺔ ﻋﻘ�دھﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﺿ�ﻰ اﻷﻣرﯾﻛ�ﻰ ﻟﻠﮭﺟ�رة‬
‫روﺑرت ﻓﯾﻧﯾﻛور‪.‬‬

‫وﺗﻘول اﻟﺳﻠطﺎت أﻧﮫ زﻋﯾم ﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ ﻗوة ﺗﺣرﯾر ﺧﺎزﺳﺗﺎن اﻟﻣﺗطرﻓﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗرﯾد إﻗﺎﻣﺔ دوﻟﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺳﯾﺦ ﻓﻰ وﻻﯾ�ﺔ ﺑﺎﻧﺟ�ﺎب وﺗ�م‬
‫اﻟﻘﺑض ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻓﻰ ‪ 3‬أﻏﺳطس ﻓﻰ ﻣﯾﻧﯾﺳوﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
 By Sheridan Morley
London – Sam Mende's immaculate, indeed definitive, revival of ''The
Glass Menagerie'' is immaculately, indeed suspiciously, well-timed to coincide
with his theater's urgent appeal for funds if it is not to go under next year. Look,
the production says, at what you will be missing if the Warehouse is no longer
here. And sure enough this is one not to miss at any cost, even if we have to fund
the theater ourselves.

Back in Chicago and then on Broadway in 1944-45, this was (fully two
years before ''A Streetcar named Desire'') the play that made Tennessee
Williams's reputation as a dramatist.

It was also in a very real sense the one that dragged the American theater
into this half of the century, for it uses the already somewhat creaky device of The
Narrator (from ''Our Town'' and ''I Remember Mama'') to lead us gently into an
infinitely more psychological and intimate drama about love and loss.
‫إن ﻣﺳرﺣﯾﺔ "اﻟﺣﯾواﻧﺎت اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﯾﺔ" ﻛﻣﺎ أﺧرﺟﮭﺎ ﺳﺎم ﻣﯾﻧدز إﺧراﺟﺎ ً ﻣﻛﺗﻣﻼً ﻣرﺟﻌﯾ�ﺎ ً ﺗط�ﺎﺑﻖ ﺗﻣﺎﻣ�ﺎ ً‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺗوﻗﯾﺗﮭ�ﺎ وﺑﺷ�ﻛل ﯾﺛﯾ�ر اﻟرﯾﺑ�ﺔ ﻣ�ﻊ دﻋ�وة اﻟﻣﺳ�رح ﻟﺟﻣ�ﻊ اﻟﺗﺑرﻋ�ﺎت وإﻻ ﺗﻌرﺿ�ت ﻟﻺﻓ�ﻼس ﻓ�ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻘﺎدم‪ .‬وﻛﺄن اﻟﻌرض ﯾﻘول اﻧظروا ﻛم ﺳ�ﺗﻔﻘدون ﻟ�و ﻟ�م ﯾﻛ�ن ﻣﺳ�رﺣﻧﺎ ﻣوﺟ�ود وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺄﻛﯾ�د ھ�ذه‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳرﺣﯾﺔ ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﺷﺎھد ﺣﺗﻰ ﻟو اﺿطررﻧﺎ أن ﻧﻣول اﻟﻣﺳرح ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺳﻧﺎ‪.‬‬

‫وﻗد ﻛﺎﻧت ھذه اﻟﻣﺳرﺣﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺳ�ﺑﻘت "ﻋرﺑ�ﺔ اﺳ�ﻣﮭﺎ اﻟرﻏﺑ�ﺔ" ﺑﻌ�ﺎﻣﯾن ھ�ﻰ اﻟﺗ�ﻰ ﺑﻧ�ﻰ ﻋﻠﯾﮭ�ﺎ ﺷ�ﮭرة‬
‫ﺗﯾﻧﯾﺳ��ﻰ وﯾﻠﯾﻣ��ز اﻟﻣﺳ��رﺣﯾﺔ ﻋﻧ��دﻣﺎ ﻋرﺿ��ت ﻓ��ﻰ ﺷ��ﯾﻛﺎﻏو ﺛ��م ﺑﻌ��د ذﻟ��ك ﻓ��ﻰ ﺑ��رودواى ﻓ��ﻰ ﻋ��ﺎم‬
‫‪.45/1944‬‬

‫وﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﻠك اﻟﻣﺳرﺣﯾﺔ ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ ھ�ﻰ اﻟﺗ�ﻰ أدﺧﻠ�ت اﻟﻣﺳ�رح اﻷﻣرﯾﻛ�ﻰ ﻓ�ﻰ اﻟﻧﺻ�ف اﻟﺛ�ﺎﻧﻰ ﻣ�ن اﻟﻘ�رن‬
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﮭﻰ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم أﺳﻠوب اﻟراوى اﻟﺗﻰ ﺑدت ﻋﯾوﺑ�ﮫ واﻟﻣ�ﺄﺧوذ ﻣ�ن ﻣﺳ�رﺣﯾﺗﻰ )"ﻣ�دﯾﻧﺗﻧﺎ" و "أﻧ�ﺎ‬
‫أذﻛر ﻣﺎﻣﺎ"( ﻛﻰ ﺗ�دﺧﻠﻧﺎ ﺑرﻓ�ﻖ إﻟ�ﻰ ﻋ�ﺎﻟم دراﻣ�ﻰ ﯾﻐﻠ�ب ﻋﻠﯾ�ﮫ اﻟط�ﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻧﻔﺳ�ﻰ واﻟﻧ�واﺣﻰ اﻟﺷﺧﺻ�ﯾﺔ‬
‫وﯾﺗﺣدث ﻋن اﻟﺣب واﻟﺧﺳﺎرة‪.‬‬

‫‪Important notes‬‬

‫‪1- The word “Dog” has different meanings in different expressions:‬‬

‫‪- He was dressed-up like dogs dinner.‬‬ ‫ﯾرﺗدى ﻣﻼ ﯾﻠﯾﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬

‫‪- He leads a dog’s life.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺧص ﯾﺣﯾﺎ ﺣﯾﺎة ﺻﻌﺑﺔ‬

‫‪- It’s a dog-cat-dog situation‬‬ ‫إﻧﮭﺎ ﺧﻧﺎﻗﺔ )ﻣﻌرﻛﺔ( ﺣﺎﻣﯾﺔ‬

‫‪- It’s raining cats and dogs‬‬ ‫إﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻣطر ﺑﺣرارة‬

‫‪- The company is coming to the dogs‬‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﺳﯾﺋﺔ‬

‫‪2- The word “run” has various meanings in phrasal verbs and‬‬
‫‪expressions:‬‬
‫‪- run down‬‬ ‫اﻧﺳﺎﺑت ﻋﻧﯾﺎه ﺑﺎﻟدﻣوع‬

‫‪- run into‬‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎﺑل ﺑﺎﻟﺻدﻓﺔ‬

‫‪- run across‬‬ ‫ﯾﮭرب‬

‫‪- run out‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔذ – اﻧﺗﮭﻰ‬

‫‪- run to‬‬ ‫ﯾﺻل ﻣﺗﺟﮭﺎ ً )ﯾﻐﺎدر(‬

‫‪- run down on‬‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻘﻰ ﻧظرة ﺳرﯾﻌﺔ‬

 ‫‪- running water‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﯾﺎة اﻟﺟﺎرﯾﺔ‬

‫‪- He belongs to the common run of humanity‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻧﺎس‬

‫‪3- pen name – pseudonym‬‬ ‫اﺳم ﻣﺳﺗﻌﺎر‬

‫‪- Christian name = given name = first name‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳم اﻷول‬

‫‪4- famous X obscure‬‬ ‫ﻣﺷﮭور ‪ X‬ﻣﻐﻣور‬

‫‪- Infamous = notorious‬‬ ‫ﻣﺷﮭور ﺑﺳوء اﻟﺳﻣﻌﺔ‬

‫‪- flower‬‬ ‫وردة‬

‫‪- rose‬‬ ‫زھرة‬

‫‪- dressed-up‬‬ ‫ﺗﻧﻛر‬

‫‪-dressing-up‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗزﯾن اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻰ‬

‫‪- water‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎء – ﻟﻌﺎب‬

‫ﺑﻌض اﻟﻣﻼﺣظﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪1-‬‬ ‫أزﻋم اﻟﺣوﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫← وﻋﻰ ﺗﻌﻧﻰ اﻟوﻟد اﻟذى ﻟم ﯾﺑﻠﻎ ﺳن اﻟرﺷد وﻟم ﯾﺑﻠﻎ ﺳن اﻟﺑﻠوغ‬
‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺳﻠم أﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﮭﺑوط )درﻛﺔ( اﻟﺳﻠم ← درﺟﺔ اﻟﺳﻠم أﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﺻﻌود وﺗﺳﻣﻰ )درﺟﺔ( ‪2-‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ )اﻟزرع( ‪ :‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺑذور أﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻣﺔ )اﻟﻐرس( ﻓﮭﻰ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺷﺟﺎر‪3- .‬‬
‫‪E.g.: Tom planted a tree‬‬ ‫ﻏرس ﺗوم ﺷﺟرة‬

‫‪4-‬‬ ‫اﻟرﺟل ← وھﻰ ﺗطﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣرأة و ﻋﺟوز‬

‫‪ -‬ﺷﯾﺧﺎ ً‬ ‫← وھﻰ ﺗطﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﺟل ﻓﻘط‬

‫اﻟذھب ← ﺳﻣﻰ ذھﺑﺎ ﻷﻧﮫ ذھب ﺑﻌﻘول اﻟﻧﺎس ‪5-‬‬

‫اﻟﻣﺎل ← ﺳﻣﻰ ﻣﺎﻻً ﻷﻧﮫ ﻣﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺎس ﻋن اﻟﺣﻖ ‪6-‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠب ← ﺳﻣﻰ ﻗﻠﺑﺎ ﻟﺗﻘﻠﺑﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌواطف ‪7-‬‬
 Literary criticism
Literary criticism can be no more than a reasoned account of the effect
produced upon the critic by the book he is criticizing. Criticism can never be a
science: it is, in the first place, much too personal, and in the second, it is
concerned with values that science ignores. That touchstone is emotion, not
reason. We judge a work of art by its effect on our sincere and vital emotion, and
nothing else. All the critical twiddle-twaddle about style and form, all this pseudo-
scientific classifying and analyzing of books in an imitation-botanical fashion, is
mere impertinence and mostly dull jargon. A critic must be able to feel the impact
of a work of art in all its complexity and force. To do so, he must be a man of
force and complexity himself, which few critics are. A man with a paltry, impudent
nature will never write anything but paltry, impudent criticism. And a man who is
emotionally educated is rare as a phoenix. The more scholastically educated a
man is, generally, the more he is an emotional bore.
‫ﻻ ﯾﻌد اﻟﻧﻘد اﻷدﺑﻰ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻛوﻧﮫ ﺳروا ً ﻣدﻋﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺟﺔ ﻟﻸﺛر اﻟذى ﯾﺗرﻛﮫ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟﻧﺎﻗد ﺑﻣﺎ ﯾﻘرأه ﻣ�ن ﻛﺗ�ب‪ .‬وﻻ ﯾﻣﻛ�ن ﻟﻠﻧﻘ�د‬
‫أن ﯾﺻﺑﺢ ﻋﻠﻣﺎ ً ﻓﮭو أوﻻً ﻣﻌرف ﻓﻰ اﻟذاﺗﯾﺔ أو اﻟﺧﺻوﺻﯾﺔ وھو ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ ً ﯾﻌﻧﻰ )ﯾﮭﺗم( ﺑ�ﺎﻟﻘﯾم وھ�و ﻣ�ﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻌﯾ�ره اﻟﻌﻠ�م أى اھﺗﻣ�ﺎم‪.‬‬
‫إن اﻟﻣﺣك ھﻧﺎ ھو اﻟﻌﺎطﻔﺔ وﻟﯾس اﻟﻌﻘل‪ .‬إن ﻛل ھراء )ﺛرﺛرة( اﻟﻧﻘ�ﺎد ﻋ�ن اﻷﺳ�ﻠوب واﻟﺷ�ﻛل وﻛ�ل ﻣ�ﺎ ﯾﺟروﻧ�ﮫ ﻣ�ن ﺗﺻ�ﻧﯾﻔﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠﻛﺗب ﺑﺄﺳ�ﻠوب ﻋﻠﻣ�ﻰ زاﺋ�ف أو ﻣﺻ�طﻧﻊ ﯾﺣ�ﺎﻛﻰ أﺳ�ﻠوب ﻋﻠﻣ�ﺎء اﻟﻧﺑ�ﺎت ﻟ�ﯾس ﺳ�وى ﺧروﺟ�ﺎ ً ﻋ�ن اﻟﻣوﺿ�وع واﺻ�طﻼﺣﺎت‬
‫ﻣﮭﻧﯾﺔ ﺑﺎردة‪ .‬إذ ﯾﺟب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺎﻗد أن ﯾﺷﯾر ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺳﮫ ﺑوﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﻣل ﺑﻛ�ل ﺛراﺋ�ﮫ وﻗوﺗ�ﮫ وﻟﻛ�ن ﻟﻛ�ﻰ ﯾﺷ�ﻌر ﺑ�ذﻟك ﻻﺑ�د ھ�و ﻧﻔﺳ�ﮫ أن‬
‫ﯾﻛ��ون رﺟ�ﻼً ﻗ��وى اﻟﻣﺷ��ﺎﻋر ‪ ،‬ﻏﻧ��ﻰ ﺑﮭ��ﺎ ‪ ،‬إن ﺻ��ﺎﺣب اﻟﺷﺧﺻ��ﯾﺔ اﻟﺿ��ﺣﻠﺔ واﻟﻣﺗﺟ��ﺎوزة ﺣ��دودھﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛﻧ��ﮫ أن ﯾﻛﺗ��ب إﻻ ﻧﻘ��دا ً‬
‫ﺿﺣﻼً ﻣﺗﺟﺎوز اﻟﺣدود وﺻﺎﺣب اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻋر اﻟﻧﺎﺿ�ﺟﺔ ﯾﻧ�در وﺟ�وده ﻛﻧ�درة اﻟﻌﻧﻘ�ﺎء‪ .‬ﻓﻛﻠﻣ�ﺎ ازداد ﻣ�ﺎ ﯾﻛﺗﺳ�ﺑﮫ اﻟﻣ�رء ﻣ�ن اﻟﺗﻌﻠ�ﯾم‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﮭﺟﻰ ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ازدادت ﻣﺷﺎﻋره‪.‬‬

‫‪Common Mistakes‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Wrong: I am conscious of a feeling of uneasiness.‬‬

‫‪Right : I am aware of a feeling of uneasiness.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Wrong: I do not know what I should bring to the beach.‬‬

‫‪Right : I do not know what I should take to the beach.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Wrong: The controversy was finally settled between Joe, Tom and Jane.‬‬

‫‪Right : The controversy was finally settled among Joe, Tom and Jane.‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Wrong: The data is incorrect.‬‬

‫‪Right : The data are incorrect.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪Wrong: We walked further down the street.‬‬

‫‪Right : We walked farther down the street.‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪Wrong: We shall have to learn that child to be respectful.‬‬

 Right : We shall have to teach that child to be respectful.

7 Wrong: My prophesy is that he will succeed.

Right : My Prophecy is that he will succeed.

8 Wrong: We are sick of his failure.

Right : We are displeased of his failure.

9 Wrong: The new ice cream tasted extra good.

Right : The new ice cream tasted very good.

10 Wrong: When one is ill, one is likely to be impatient.

Right : When one is ill, he is likely to be impatient.

‫اﻷﺧطﺎء اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬

‫ طﺎل اﻟزﻣن أم ﻗﺻر‬، ‫ ﻻﺑد ﻟﻠﻌرب ﻣن اﺳﺗرداد ﻓﻠﺳطﯾن‬-1

‫ ﺳواء أطﺎل اﻟزﻣن أم ﻗﺻر‬، ‫ﻻﺑد ﻟﻠﻌرب ﻣن اﺳﺗرداد ﻓﻠﺳطﯾن‬ -

1950 ‫ ﺗﺄﺳﺳت اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ﻋﺎم‬-2

1950 ‫أﺳﺳت اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ﻋﺎم‬ -

‫ ھذا ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾؤﺳف ﻟﮫ‬-3

‫ھذا ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾؤﺳف ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬ -

‫ ﻟﻧﺎ أﺳوة ﺣﺳﻧﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﻧﻘﺎد‬-4

‫ﻟﻧﺎ أﺳوة ﺣﺳﻧﺔ ﺑﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﻧﻘﺎد‬ -

‫ إن ھذا اﻟﺷﺧص ﻣﺗﺂﻣر‬-5

 ‫إن ھذا اﻟﺷﺧص ﻣؤاﻣر‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ -6‬ھذا اﻟﺑﺋر ﻋﻣﯾﻖ‬

‫ھذه اﻟﺑﺋر ﻋﻣﯾﻘﺔ )اﻧظر ﺳورة اﻟﺣﺞ ‪ :‬آﯾﺔ ‪(45‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ -7‬أﺣب ﺷراب اﻟﺗﻣر ھﻧدى‬

‫أﺣب ﺷراب اﻟﺗﻣر اﻟﮭﻧدى‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ -8‬وﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺛرى ﻓﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺛوﺑﮫ اﻟﻐﺑﺎر‬

‫وﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗراب ﻓﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺛوﺑﮫ اﻟﻐﺑﺎر‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ -9‬زاد اﻟطﺎﻟب ﻓﻰ ﺟﮭده اﻟدراﺳﻰ‬

‫زاد اﻟطﺎﻟب ﺟﮭده اﻟدراﺳﻰ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ -10‬ﺣﺞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت اﻟﺣرام‬

‫ﺣﺞ اﻟﺑﯾت اﻟﺣرام‬ ‫‪-‬‬

 Adjustment

Human beings tend to change their activities in response to changes in

their environment. When a change occurs to the environment where a human
being lives, he changes his behaviour in accordance with that change and seeks
new ways to fulfill his needs. This is called adjustment and the process of
adjustment and it means that psychological processes eliminate that states of
tension and to return the individual to the appropriate level of his life. The process
of adjustment is the main process to which an individual resorts in solving his
problems.

‫ ﻓﻌﻧ�دﻣﺎ ﯾط�رأ ﺗﻐﯾ�ر ﻋﻠ�ﻰ اﻟﺑﯾﺋ�ﺔ اﻟﺗ�ﻰ‬، ‫ﺗﻣﯾل اﻟﻛﺎﺋﻧﺎت اﻟﺑﺷرﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﯾﯾر ﻧﺷﺎطﮭﺎ اﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔً إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺣدث ﻓﻰ ﺑﯾﺋﺗﮭ�ﺎ ﻣ�ن ﺗﻐﯾﯾ�ر‬
‫ﯾﻌﯾش ﻓﯾﮭﺎ اﻹﻧﺳ�ﺎن ﻓﺈﻧ�ﮫ ﯾﻌ�دل ﺳ�ﻠوﻛﮫ وﻓﻘ�ﺎ ً ﻟﮭ�ذا اﻟﺗﻐﯾﯾ�ر وﯾﺑﺣ�ث ﻋ�ن ط�رق ﺟدﯾ�دة ﻹﺷ�ﺑﺎع ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗ�ﮫ وھ�ذا ﻣ�ﺎ ﯾﺳ�ﻣﻰ ﺑﻌﻣﻠﯾ�ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺗﻛﯾف اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻌﻧﻰ أن اﻷﺣداث اﻟﻧﻔﺳﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺗﺑﻌﺎد ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺗوﺗر وإﻋﺎدة اﻟﻔرد إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ�ب ﻟﺣﺎﻟﺗ�ﮫ وﺣﯾﺎﺗ�ﮫ‬
.‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻌﯾش ﻓﯾﮭﺎ وﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻛﯾف ھﻰ اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻠﺟﺄ إﻟﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﻔرد ﻓﻰ ﺣل ﻣﺷﻛﻼﺗﮫ‬
 Literary Analysis

Analysis … is the process by which we seek to attain a complete reading

of a poem – a reading that approaches as nearly as possible to the perfect
reading. There is about it nothing in the nature of 'murdering to dissect, and
suggestions that it can be anything in the nature of laboratory – method
misrepresent it entirely. We can have the poem only by an inner find of
possession; it is 'there' for analysis only in so far as we are responding
appropriately to the words on the page. In pointing to them (and there is nothing
else to point to) what we are doing is to bring into sharp focus in turn, this, that
and the other detail, juncture or relation in our total response; or (since 'sharp
focus' may be a misleading account of the kind of attention sometimes required),
what we are doing is to dwell with a deliberate, considering responsiveness on
this, that or the other nodes or focal point in the complete organization that the
poem is, in so far as we have it. Analysis is not a dissection of something that is
already and passively there. What we call analysis is, of course, a constructive or
creative process. It is a more deliberate following-through of that process creation
in which, by a considering attentiveness, we ensure a more than ordinary
faithfulness and completeness.
‫إن اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﻌﺎم اﻷدﺑﻰ ھو ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﻧﺳﻌﻰ ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻠوﺻ�ول إﻟ�ﻰ ﻗ�راءة ﻣﻛﺗﻣﻠ�ﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺻ�ﯾدة أى ﻗ�راءة ﺗﻘﺗ�رب ﻗ�در‬
‫اﻹﻣﻛﺎن ﻣن اﻟﻘراءة اﻟﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬وﻟﯾس ﻓﻰ اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل أﺳﻠوب ﯾﻘﺗل اﻟﻣ�ﺎدة ﻟﯾﺷ�رﺣﮭﺎ وﻟ�ﯾس ﻓ�ﻰ اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾ�ل أى ﺗﺟرﯾ�د ﻟﻠﻣ�ﺎدة ﻋ�ن ﺣﯾﺎﺗﮭ�ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﮭ��دف ﺗﺷ��رﯾﺣﮭﺎ ﻛﻣ��ﺎ أن اﻟﻘ��ول ﺑﺄﻧ��ﮫ أﺷ��ﺑﮫ ﺑﺎﻷﺳ��ﺎﻟﯾب اﻟﻣﻌﻣﻠﯾ��ﺔ ﯾﺧط��ﺊ وﺻ��ﻔﮫ ﺗﻣﺎﻣ�ﺎً‪ .‬إﻧﻧ��ﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺻ��ل إﻟ��ﻰ اﻟﻘﺻ��ﯾدة ﺑﺈدراﻛﻧ��ﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺻﯾدة ﺗﻛون ﻣﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻠﯾل ﻓﻘط ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺟﯾب اﻻﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ أو اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟﻣﻛﺗوﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻧﺣن إذ ﻧﺷﯾر إﻟﻰ ھذه اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت أو ﻧﺣددھﺎ )وﻻ ﯾوﺟد ﻏﯾرھﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ( ﻛﻣن ﯾﺳﻠط اﻟﺿوء اﻟﻔﺎﺣص ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌ�ض اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺻ�ﯾل‬
‫أو اﻟﻧﻘﺎط أو اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﻓﻰ ﻧطﺎق اﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺗﻧﺎ اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻟﻛن ﺣﯾث أن ﺗﻐﯾﯾر اﻟﺿوء اﻟﺛﺎﻗب ﻗد ﯾﻧﺎﻗض طﺑﯾﻌ�ﺔ اﻻﻧﺗﺑ�ﺎه اﻟ�ذى ﯾﻛ�ون‬
‫ﻣطﻠوﺑﺎ ً ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌض اﻷﺣﯾﺎن( ﻓﺈن ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﮫ ﯾﻣﻛن وﺻﻔﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺗﺄﻧﯾﺔ ودﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﻓ�ﻰ ﺑﻌ�ض اﻟﻧﻘ�ﺎط اﻟﻣﺣورﯾ�ﺔ داﺧ�ل‬
‫اﻟﻘﺻﯾدة ﻛﺗﻧظﯾم ﻛﻠﻰ‪ .‬إن اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل ﻟﯾس ﺗﺷرﯾﺢ ﻟﺷﻲء أﻣﺎﻣﻧﺎ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺗﻠﻘﺎه ﺑﺷﻛل ﺳﻠﺑﻰ إﻧﻣﺎ ھو ﻣﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﻣ�ﺎ ﺣ�ددﺗﮭﺎ‬
‫)اﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟﺷﺎﻋر( وھذه ھﻰ اﻟﻘراءة‪ .‬ﺑل ھ�و إﻋ�ﺎدة ﻟﻠﺧﻠ�ﻖ ﻧﺗوﺻ�ل ﻣ�ن ﺧﻼﻟﮭ�ﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺗﺑ�ﺎه اﻟ�دﻗﯾﻖ إﻟ�ﻰ ﻗ�راءة ﺻ�ﺣﯾﺣﺔ‬
‫)ﺻﺎدﻗﺔ( وﻣﻛﺗﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
 1- Idioms :
Idioms are specific expressions which should be translated by
its meaning and not by its words.

Examples:

1- Once in a blue moon ً ‫ﻧﺎدرا‬

2- Bon vivant ‫ﺻﺎﺣب ﻣزاج‬
3- To bite the hand that feeds one
(‫ﯾﺳﻲء إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ أﺣﺳن إﻟﯾﮭﺎ )ﯾﻌض اﻷﯾد اﻟﻠﻰ ﺗﻣدت ﻟﮫ‬

4- He has a finger in every pie ‫ﺣﺷرى‬

5- Bad faith ‫ﺳوء ﻧﯾﺔ‬
6- Other fish to fry ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺋل أﺧرى ﺗﺣﺗﺎج إﻟﻰ اﻻھﺗﻣﺎم ﺑﮭﺎ‬
7- To have the power of the saints ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻛﺑﯾر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺣوﻟﮫ‬
8- Moonlight flitting ‫أﺧذ اﻷﻣﺗﻌﺔ ﻟﯾﻼً ﻟﺗﻔﺎدى دﻓﻊ اﻹﯾﺟﺎر‬
9- To pull your socks up. ‫أن ﺗﺑدأ ﻓﻰ أن ﺗﻌﻣل ﺑﺟد‬
10- Walls have ears. ‫اﻟﺣﯾطﺎن ﻟﮭﺎ ودان‬

- Do you still have the cheek? ‫وﻟﺳﮫ ﻟك ﻋﯾن‬

- Do you want Jam on it? ‫أﻻ ﺗﺷﺑﻊ‬
- Don’t abuse the kindness of a friend
(‫ﻻ ﺗﺛﻘل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻدﯾﻖ )إن ﻛﺎن ﺣﺑﯾﺑك ﻋﺳل‬

- Don’t tempt the evil eye (‫ﺗﺟﻧب اﻟﺣﺳد )اﺧزى اﻟﻌﯾن‬

- Don’t wear out your welcome ‫ﻻ ﺗﺛﻘل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺧرﯾن‬
- Don’t split hair (‫ﻻ داﻋﻰ ﻟﻠدﻗﺔ اﻟﻣﻔرطﺔ )ﻣﺎ ﺗدﻗش‬
- Don’t over step the mark ‫اﻟزم ﺣدودك‬
- Do your worst (‫اﻓﻌل ﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺗطﯾﻊ )أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺧﯾﻠك‬
- Dog days ‫أﺷد اﻷﯾﺎم ﺣرارة‬
- To go to the dogs ‫ﯾﺻﺑﺢ ذا أﺧﻼق ﺳﯾﺋﺔ‬
- To throw the dogs ‫ﯾﺿﯾﻊ ھﺑﺎء‬

British American word

flat apartment ‫ﺷﻘﺔ‬
jug pitcher ‫إﺑﺮﯾﻖ‬
undertaker mortician ‫ﺣﺎﻧﻮﺗﻰ‬
town centre downtown ‫وﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬
petrol gas, gasoline ‫ﺑﻨﺰﯾﻦ‬
film movie ‫ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎﺋﻰ‬
maize corn ‫درة‬
grilled broiled ‫ﻣﺸﻮى‬
lift elevator (‫ﻣﺼﻌﺪ )أﺳﺎﻧﺴﯿﺮ‬
tap faucet (‫ﺣﻨﻔﯿﺔ )ﺻﻨﺒﻮر اﻟﻤﺎء‬
sweets candy ‫ﺣﻠﻮى‬
grill broil ‫ﯾﺸﻮى‬
cot crib (‫ﻣﮭﺪ )اﻟﻄﻔﻞ‬
diversion detour ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﺔ طﺮﯾﻖ‬
mad crazy ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻮن‬
angry mad ‫ﻏﺎﺿﺐ‬
pub bar ‫ﺣﺎﻧﺔ‬
barman bar tender ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻧﺔ‬
wallet billfold ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻧﻘﻮد‬
nappy diaper (‫ﺣﻔﺎﺿﺔ طﻔﻞ )ﻛﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬
curtain drape ‫ﺳﺘﺎرة‬
bonnet hood ‫ﻛﺒﻮد اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة‬
 trousers pants ‫ﺑﻨﻄﻠﻮن‬
maths math ‫اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎت‬
post code ZIP Code ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺪى‬
pavement or curb sidewalk (‫طﻮار )رﺻﯿﻒ‬
pyjama pajama (‫ﻣﻨﺎﻣﺔ )ﺑﯿﺠﺎﻣﺔ‬

، ‫وﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟك ﻓﮭﻧﺎك اﺧﺗﻼﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ ھﺟﺎء اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت ﺑﯾن ﻓرﻋﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬
: ‫ﻧذﻛر أھﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟدول اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬
British American
- our as in: colour, humour - or as in: color, humor
- re as in: centre, metre - er as in: center, meter
- ae as in: anaemia - e as in: anemia
- oe as in: oesophagus, - e as in: esophagus, edema
oedema - og as in catalog
- ogue as in catalogue - l- as in: traveling, equaled
- ll- as in: travelling, equalled - p- as in: kidnaped
- pp- as in: kidnapped - ll- as in: skillful, willful
- l- as in: skilful, wilful - ize as in: organize, deputize
- ise as in: organise, deputise - ization as in: organization
- isation as in: organisation - m as in: program
- mme as in: programme - se as in: offense, defense
- ce as in: offence, defence
 ‫اﻟﻘواﻟب أو اﻷﻛﻠﺷﯾﮭﺎت ‪:Cliches‬‬

‫ھذه ﺗﻌﺑﯾرات ﻣﺗﻛررة ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻧص ‪ ،‬وﻣن أھم ھذه اﻟﻘواﻟب ‪ :‬أﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﮭﯾﺋﺎت‬
‫واﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺎت واﻟﺷرﻛﺎت واﻟوظﺎﺋف ﻣﺛل ‪:‬‬

‫‪General Secretary of the UN‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﯿﻦ )اﻟﺴﻜﺮﺗﯿﺮ( اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬

‫)‪General Assembly (UN‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ )ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة(‬
‫‪International Court of Justice‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺪل اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫‪House of Lords‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻠﻮردات‬
‫‪House of Commons‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻮم )ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻨﻮاب‬
‫‪The Home Office (Britain‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻰ(‬
‫‪Ministry of the Interior‬‬ ‫وزارة اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫)‪(Egypt‬‬
‫‪The Security Council‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻷﻣﻦ‬
‫)‪Foreign Minister (Britain‬‬ ‫وزﯾﺮ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬
‫)‪Secretary of State (USA‬‬
‫)‪Deputy Minister (Britain‬‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻞ وزارة‬
‫)‪Under Secretary (USA‬‬
2- The Context:
The context is a big problem for a translator because many
words have various meanings and their meaning changes
according to the context.

Example (Facility)

1- She has a great facility in learning languages.

‫إﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺳﺗطﯾﻊ ﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﺑﯾﺳر ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬

2- The most important facility of traveling nowadays is

traveling by plane.
‫إن أھم وﺳﯾﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺗﻘﺎل اﻟﯾوم ھﻰ اﻟطﺎﺋرة‬

3- The radar facilities at Cairo airport are periodically

updated to cope with the increasing volume of traffic.
‫ﯾﺟرى ﺗﺣدﯾث أﺟﮭزة اﻟرادار ﻓﻰ ﻣطﺎر اﻟﻘﺎھرة ﺑﺻ�ﻔﺔ دورﯾ�ﺔ ﺣﺗ�ﻰ ﺗﺳ�ﺗطﯾﻊ ﻣواﺟﮭ�ﺔ‬
.‫اﻟزﯾﺎدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣرﻛﺔ‬

Religious Terms:

‫ أى اﺳم ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻰ ﺑـ "ﺋﯾل " ﺗﻌﻧﻰ ﷲ‬-

Gabriel ----- ‫ ﻗوة ﷲ‬---- ‫ﺟﺑرﯾل‬

Raphael ----- ‫ ﺷﻔﺎء ﷲ‬---- ‫روﻓﺎﺋﯾل‬

Ismael ----- ‫ اﻟذى ﺳﻣﻊ ﷲ دﻋﺎه‬---- ‫إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬

Ramadan post – evening prayers ----- ‫ﺻﻼة اﻟﺗراوﯾﺢ‬

Creed ----- ‫ﻣذھب دﯾﻧﻰ أو ﻓﻠﺳﻔﻰ‬

Rites ----- ‫ﺷﻌﺎﺋر‬

Monk ----- ‫راھب‬

Chapel ----- ‫ﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ ﺻﻐﯾرة‬

Curfew ----- ‫ﺟرس اﻟﻛﻧﯾﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣظر ﺗﺟول‬

Cardinal sins ----- ‫اﻟﻛﺑﺎﺋر‬

Back bite ----- ‫اﻟﻐﯾﺑﺔ‬

Gossip ----- ‫اﻟﻧﻣﯾﻣﺔ‬

Minaret ----- ‫ﻣﺋذﻧﺔ‬

Pulpit ----- ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺑر‬

Call ----- ‫أذان‬

Congregation ---- ‫ﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﻠﯾن‬

Chapter ----- ‫ﺳورة‬

Sura ----- ‫ﺳورة‬

Verse ----- ‫آﯾﺔ‬

Mosque ----- ‫ﻣﺳﺟد‬

Madonna ----- ‫ﻣرﯾم اﻟﻌذراء‬

The Virgin

Our Lady
Queen of Grass

King of Kings ----- ‫ﷲ ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﮫ وﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬