CITY COLLEGE OF CALAMBA

MMW 101

in the
modern world
CITY COLLEGE OF CALAMBA
MMW
101 LESSON 3

Basic concepts
on sets
MMW
101 LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Describe well-defined sets.
2. Identify the elements, the cardinality of a set and
the methods in writing a set.
3. Appreciate the importance of sets.
 DISCOVER ME!
Consider the set consisting of whole numbers from 0 to 5.
Let W be the name of the set.
You can write them in the following methods:
1 W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} listing or roster method
description method
2 W = {whole numbers from 0 to 5} or statement /
semantic form
3 W = {x|x is a whole number from 0 to 5}
W = {x:x is a whole number from 0 to 5}
Read as: x such that x rule method or set-builder notation
 DISCOVER ME!
elements - the objects that belong to the set.
- symbol: “∈”, indicate that an object is an
element or member of the set.
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What are the elements of set W? 0,1,2,3,4 and 5
0∈W (0 is an element of set W)
1∈W (1 is an element of set W)
5∈W (5 is an element of set W)
 DISCOVER ME!
cardinality - The order of a set defines the number of
elements a set is having. It describes
the size of a set.

W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
How many elements are there in set W? 6
The cardinality of Set W is written as: n(W) = 6
 LET’S DO THESE!
Tell whether each set is “well-defined” or “not
well-defined”.
1. S = {subjects in I-ICT} well-defined
2. P = {pandas in the Philippines}
Note:
Set P is clearly defined. However, since there are no well-defined
pandas in the Philippines, we cannot list any elements for it.
Thus, we consider it an empty or null set. P = { } or ∅.

3. G = {honest students in the Philippines}

not well-defined
 LET’S DO THESE!
Identify the elements and cardinality of the
given set.
1. A = {school days}
elements:
cardinality:
2. V = {x:x is a vowel in the English alphabet}
elements:
cardinality:
 LET’S DO THESE!
Identify what method each set is written.
listing or roster method; description method; or rule or set-builder notation

1. W = {whole numbers less than}

description method
2. E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
listing or roster method
3. C = {x|x is a consonant in the word “team"}
rule or set-builder notation
 YOU CAN DO THESE!
Complete the table by determining whether the given set is well-
defined or not well-defined. If well-defined, give the elements and its
cardinality. Tell also how the set is written.
METHOD DESCRIPTION
• listing or roster
SET • description • well-defined ELEMENTS CARDINALITY
• not well-defined
• rule or set-builder
notation
Example:
O = {odd numbers less than 10} description well-defined 1,3,5,7,9 n(O) = 5

1) V = {x:x is a vowel in rule or set-builder

notation well-defined a n(V) = 1
the word “art”}
2) P = {beautiful girls in description not well-defined
CCC}
MMW
101 L E S S O N 3.1

UNIVERSAL SET
and SUBSETS
MMW
101 LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Describe universal set and subsets.
2. List all the possible subsets of a given set.
3. Appreciate the importance of universal set and
subset.
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Use the given sets below.
M = {2, 4, 6}
P = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11}
R = {4, 11}
List all the elements from the three given sets, arranging the numerical data
in ascending order and avoid rewriting repeated or same elements.

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11
The elements here will be the elements to be listed in our Universal Set.
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Use the given sets below.
M = {2, 4, 6}
P = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11}
R = {4, 11}
Therefore, the universal set of Set M, Set P and Set R is

U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11}
Universal Set – contains all the elements being considered in a given
situation. A universal set can be denoted by the symbol U or E. It
consists of all the elements of its subsets including its own elements.
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Use the given sets below.
M = {2, 4, 6}
P = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11}
R = {4, 11}
Universal Set U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11}
With that Set M, Set P and Set R are “subsets” of our
Universal Set
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Subset – a set whose elements are members of another
set, it is when we take pieces of that universal set.
A symbol for subset is ⊆.

Example:
Set L = {7} The subsets are: { }, {7}

empty set or null set - is a set that has no element. It is

represented by the symbol { } or ∅.
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Subset – a set whose elements are members of another
set, it is when we take pieces of that universal set.
A symbol for subset is ⊆.

Example:
Set M = {4, 11}
The subsets are: { }, {4}, {11}, {4,11}
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Subset – a set whose elements are members of another
set, it is when we take pieces of that universal set.
A symbol for subset is ⊆.

Example:
Set R = {1, 2, 3}
The subsets are: { }, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}, {1, 2, 3}
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11}
M = {2, 4, 6}
P = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11}
R = {4, 11}

P ⊆ U (Set P is a subset of the Universal Set)

{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11} ⊆ U
({1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11} is a subset of the Universal Set)
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11}
M = {2, 4, 6}
P = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11}
R = {4, 11}

{7} ⊆ P ({7} is a subset of Set P)

{0, 2} ⊆ M ({0} is NOT a subset of Set M)
 MATHtuto: My Whole and My Buddy!
I. Determine the universal sets
1. H = {1, 3, 5}, K= {2, 4, 6}, C= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
U = {0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
2. L = {letters in the word “sad”},
M = {vowels in the word “sad”},
N = {letters of the antonym word of “sad”}
U = {a, d, h, p, s, y}
 MATHtuto: My Whole and My Buddy!
II. List all the possible subsets.

1. H = {1, 3} { }, {1}, {3}, {1, 3}

2. M = {vowels in the word “sad”}

{ }, {a}
 MATHtuto: Count Me In!
The formula for finding the subset of a given set is
𝒏
𝟐
where n is the number of elements in the given set.
For instance,
B = {1, 2, 3}
has 3 elements, so 𝒏 𝟑 𝟐 (𝟐)(𝟐) 𝟖
𝟐 = 𝟐 = =

The given set has 8 subsets. The null set is always a subset of all sets.
 MATHtuto: Count Me In!
Determine the number of subsets in the given set.
1. K= {9, 32} 𝟐 𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟐 (𝟐) = 𝟒
Thus, Set K has 4 subsets.

2. M = {vowels in the word “sad”}

𝒏 𝟏 𝟐
M = {a} 𝟐 = 𝟐 =
Thus, Set M has 1 subset.
3. Y = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} Thus, Set Y has 32 subsets.
𝒏 𝟓 𝟐 (𝟐)(𝟐)(𝟐)(𝟐) = 𝟑𝟐
𝟐 = 𝟐 =
 MATHanalyze: Complete Me!
Complete data needed in the given table below.
NUMBER NUMBER
SET OF OF LIST OF SUBSETS
ELEMENTS SUBSETS

{ } 0 1 { }

{p} 1 2 { }, {p}

{f, g} 2 4 { }, {f}, {g}, {f,g}

{m, n, z} 3 8 { }, {m}, {n}, {z}, {m,n}, {m,z}, {n,z}, {m,n,z}

U = {f, g, m, n, p, z}
What is the Universal Set? _________________________________________
M.T.S. CALABIA