Sample Paper and Chapter Summary

Chapter 1; Chemistry

Chemical Equilibrium Sample Paper

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):

1. Which law governs the equilibrium of chemical reactions?

A. Law of Gravity
B. Law of Mass Action
C. Law of Thermodynamics
D. Law of Conservation of Energy

2. What occurs when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal?
A. Dynamic Equilibrium
B. Irreversible Reaction
C. Complete Reaction
D. Equilibrium Constant

3. What factor affects the value of the equilibrium constant?

A. Pressure
B. Volume
C. Temperature
D. Catalyst

4. In a reversible reaction, what does a double half-headed arrow indicate?

A. Complete reaction
B. Dynamic Equilibrium
C. Irreversible reaction
D. Equilibrium Constant

5. What is the significance of the reaction quotient Qc in predicting response

directions?
A. It determines the equilibrium constant
B. It helps forecast the reaction's condition at any time
C. It measures the extent of the reaction
D. It indicates the rate of the forward reaction
6. Which term describes a reaction that never finishes due to a very small equilibrium
constant?
A. Incomplete reaction
B. Reversible reaction
C. Complete reaction
D. Backward reaction

7. What is the condition when Qc is less than Kc in a chemical reaction?

A. Forward reaction occurring
B. Reverse reaction occurring
C. Equilibrium reached
D. No reaction occurring

8. What does dynamic equilibrium signify in a reversible reaction?

A. Completion of the reaction
B. Equal rates of forward and reverse reactions
C. Initial reaction stage
D. Unstable reaction system

9. Which factor is directly proportional to the rate of a substance's reaction?

A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Active mass
D. Volume

10. What is the ratio that remains constant during chemical equilibrium?
A. Reactant concentration
B. Product concentration
C. Reactant-to-product ratio
D. Rate of reaction

11. How is the equilibrium constant (Kc) calculated?

A. By observing the initial concentrations
B. By measuring the reaction rate
C. By observing the concentrations at equilibrium
D. By adjusting the temperature

12. What does a very large equilibrium constant indicate about a reaction?
A. Incomplete reaction
B. Forward reaction occurring
C. Reverse reaction occurring
D. Equilibrium reached
13. Which term describes a reaction that is virtually complete due to a very large
equilibrium constant?
A. Incomplete reaction
B. Reversible reaction
C. Complete reaction
D. Forward reaction

14. What is the significance of the Law of Mass Action in chemical equilibrium?
A. It determines the direction of the reaction
B. It governs the equilibrium of chemical reactions
C. It predicts the extent of the reaction
D. It measures the rate of the reaction

15. How does temperature affect the equilibrium constant's value?

A. It has no effect
B. It decreases the value
C. It increases the value
D. It stabilizes the reaction system

Short Questions:

1. Explain the concept of dynamic equilibrium in a reversible reaction.

2. How does the Law of Mass Action contribute to understanding chemical equilibrium?
3. Define the equilibrium constant (Kc) and explain its significance in chemical
reactions.
4. Discuss the factors that can affect the value of the equilibrium constant.
5. Provide examples of reversible and irreversible reactions from daily life.
6. Describe the role of the reaction quotient Qc in predicting response directions.
7. Explain the importance of equilibrium constants in determining the direction and
extent of a chemical reaction.
8. How does the rate of a substance's reaction relate to its active mass?

Long Questions:

1. Derive the equation for the equilibrium constant in a hypothetical reversible reaction.
2. Discuss the process of establishing dynamic equilibrium in a chemical reaction.
3. Compare and contrast reversible and irreversible reactions, highlighting their key
characteristics.
4. Analyze the impact of temperature on the equilibrium constant's value in chemical
reactions.
5. Explain the concept of equilibrium in our bodies using the example of haemoglobin
and oxygen transport.
6. Elaborate on the significance of equilibrium constants in determining the direction
and extent of chemical reactions.

Chapter topic-wise summary

1. Introduction to Chemical Equilibrium:

- Reversible and irreversible reactions are part of daily life.
- Reversible reactions do not reach completion as they occur in both forward and
reverse directions.
- Equilibrium is achieved when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
- Haemoglobin in the body demonstrates chemical equilibrium by transporting and
releasing oxygen.

2. Reversible Reaction and Dynamic Equilibrium:

- Reversible reactions exist in both forward and reverse directions without completion.
- Chemical reactions involve reactants and products separated by arrows.
- Examples include formation and decomposition reactions.
- Dynamic equilibrium is established when the rates of forward and reverse reactions
are equal.

3. Law of Mass Action and Equilibrium Constant:

- The Law of Mass Action governs the equilibrium of chemical reactions.
- Equilibrium constant (Kc) is determined by observing concentrations at equilibrium.
- Temperature is the only factor affecting the value of the equilibrium constant.

4. Importance of Equilibrium Constant:

- Kc value varies based on the response and affects the direction and extent of a
chemical reaction.
- The reaction quotient Qc helps predict the reaction's condition at any time.
- Comparing Qc and Kc predicts the direction of the response.
- The magnitude of Kc predicts the extent of the chemical reaction.

5. Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium Dynamics:

- Conversion of ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen gas is a reverse reaction.
- Reaction rates depend on reactant concentrations.
- Dynamic equilibrium is reached when the rates of forward and reverse reactions are
equal.
- Equilibrium is established before the completion of the reaction.

6. Rate of Reaction and Equilibrium Derivation:

- The rate of a substance's reaction is proportional to its active mass.
- The ratio of reactant and product concentrations remains constant at equilibrium.
- Derivation of equilibrium constants involves the rates of forward and reverse reaction.