DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL BANGALORE - EAST

PHYSICS
CHAPTER NOTES
MOTION
CLASS:IX
Introduction
In our daily life, we see lots of things moving around for example car passing through from one
place to other, person riding on a bicycle and many more like this.
In scientific terms an object is said to be in motion ,if it changes its position with respect to time
and if it does not change it position with respect to time then it is said to be at rest.
Both the motion and rest are relative terms for example mobile kept on the table is resting at its
position but it is moving in the sense as earth is rotating on its axis. So for a person seeing
mobile from earth it is at rest and for person on moon earth seems to change its position with
time and so mobile is moving.
To describe the position of an object we need a reference point or origin. An object may seem to
be moving to one observer and stationary to another.
Example: A passenger inside a bus sees the other passengers be at rest, whereas an observer
outside the bus sees the passengers are in motion.

Distance and Displacement

The magnitude of the length covered by a moving object is called distance. It has no direction. It
is a scalar quantity. SI unit is metre.

The shortest distance between the initial and final position of an object is called Displacement.
SI unit is metre

Zero Displacement – When the first and last positions of an object are same, the displacement is
zero.

Distance
Distance means the total length of the
path covered by the object.
Distance is always positive
It is a scalar quantity
Displacement
Displacement means the shortest distance between two
end points of the object.
Displacement can be positive, negative or zero
It is a vector quantity
Speed
Speed is the rate of change of distance. If a body covers a certain distance in a certain amount of
time, its speed is given by
Speed = Distance/Time
Average speed = Total distance travelled/Total time taken
Uniform motion and non-uniform motion
When an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time it is in uniform motion.
When an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time it is said to be in non-uniform
motion.
Velocity
The Rate of change of displacement is velocity. It is a vector quantity. Here the direction of
motion is specified.
Velocity = Displacement /Time.
Average velocity = ( Initial Velocity + Final velocity)/2 = (u+v)/2.
The difference between speed and velocity
Speed velocity
1.The distance travelled by a body in one 1.The distance travelled by a body in one
second is called speed. second in a particular direction is called
velocity.

2.It is a scalar quantity 2.It is a vector quantity.

3.The speed is always positive 3.The velocity may be positive or negative

depending on the direction of motion.

4. After one round of the circular path, 4.After one round of circular path, average
average speed is not zero. velocity is zero.

Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity is called acceleration it is a vector quantity. In non-uniform
motion
velocity varies with time, i.e change in velocity is not 0. It is denoted by “a”
Acceleration = Change in Velocity /Time
(OR) a = (V-U) /t
Distance-Time graph
Distance-Time graphs show the change in position of an object with respect to time.
Linear variation = uniform motion & non-linear variations imply non- uniform motion
The slope gives us speed
Velocity-Time graphs
Velocity-Time graphs show the change in velocity with respect to time.
Slope gives acceleration
The area under the curve gives the displacement
Line parallel to x-axis implies constant velocity.
Derivation of 1st equation of motion
Derivation of 2nd equation of motion

Let s be the distance covered.

As we know that distance covered by an object is given as area enclosed by the graph,
Derivation of 3rd equation of motion

v2 – u2 = 2as

Consider the velocity-time graph:

Here, Distance, s = Area of trapezium OABC

s = Area of rectangle ADCO + Area of triangle ABD
Circular Motion
1. Uniform circular motion: When an object moves on a circular path with constant or uniform
speed, it is said to have uniform circular motion. For example: motion of hands of a clock,
motion of moon revolving around the earth.
2. Non uniform circular motion: When an object moves on circular path with varying speed, it
is said to have non-uniform circular motion.
When an object is in circular motion, direction of its velocity keeps on changing.
Speed of an Object Moving on a Circular Path:

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