REVIEW PAPER
Heart Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning
Abstract-- According to the World Health
Organization, heart-related diseases are
responsible for taking 17.7 million lives every year,
31% of all global deaths. In India too, heart
related diseases have become the top cause of
death. Heart diseases have killed 1.7 million
Indians in 2016, according to the 2016 Global
Burden of Disease. We have referred around 15-20
IEEE papers and all the papers have the same
attributes. So we propose the model having
consultation with doctor with new and easily
manageable attributes that are Gender,
Breathlessness during activity, breathlessness at
rest, awake in by breathlessness at night, Exercise
Induced Angina (chest pain after exercise),history
of cyanosis (bluish discoloration of fingers/around
lips),diabetes, clubbing, Blood Pressure(if more
than 140/90). The main objective of our project is
to develop an Intelligent System using machine
learning, namely Naive Bayes, KNN, Random
forest Decision tree,Logistic Regression,SVM
Based on the obtained results the system can
predict whether a person has chances of heart
disease or not. It is implemented as a web based
application.
Keyword--Naive Bayes, KNN, Random forest,
Decision tree,LR,SVM
1.INTRODUCTION
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which
pumps blood through the blood vessels of the
circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen
and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic
waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. if it
miscarries to function correctly, then the brain and
various other organs will stop functioning and within a
few minutes, the person will die. All most
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) can be killed by tending
to discernible hazard factors, for eg, tobacco use,
undesirable eating routine and heftiness, physical
dormancy and destructive utilization of liquor utilizing
populace wide situations. Individuals with
Cardiovascular Disease(CVD) or who are at high
cardiovascular hazards (because of the nearness of at
least one hazard factor, for example, hypertension,
diabetes, hyperlipidemia or effectively settled sickness)
need an early introduction and directorate utilizing brief
prescriptions, as set apart. All in all, Cardiovascular
Disease (CVD) is wound up with a development of
greasy stores inside the conduits (atherosclerosis) and
development of blood clusters. It can likewise be
related to harm to courses in organs, for eg, the mind,
heart, kidneys, and eyes
Estimates made by WHO, suggest that India has lost up
to 237 billion $ on cardiovascular disease in the last
decade. Thus, reasonable and accurate prediction of
heart related disease is the need of the time.
This system is basically implemented as a web
application in which the user answers the predefined
questions. Data analytics is used to incorporate the
world for its valuable use to controlling, contravasting
and managing large data sets.it can be applied with
much success to predict, prevent, manage a
cardiovascular disease.
2.LITERATURE SURVEY
This area contains ongoing works in anticipating
incessant and irresistible maladies utilizing machine
learning classifiers. Yuanyuan [1] determines an
optimal value of K using the Silhouette method to form
the clusters for finding the anomalies. After that, they
eliminate the identified anomalies from the data and
employ the five most popular machine learning
classification techniques. The work in [2] explored the
Levy-based crow search algorithm (LCSA) .In this
framework, predictions are made on heart conditions
using extremely non-linear, complex and dynamic
computational processes known as ANFIS. The
learning parameters of ANFIS are optimized using
MSSO to provide better results. The RFRF-ILM model
given in [3],Dataset clustering is based on Decision
Tree(DT) feature variables and criteria To estimate its
performance, the classifier is then applied to each data
set. Based on their less error rate, the good performing
models are identities based on the results. Decision tree
cluster with a high error rate and removing its
respective class-type features, the output is further
optimized. Chidambaram [4] first cleansed the dataset
and processed using preprocessing techniques like Data
Integration, Data transformation, Data reduction, and
Data cleaning using pandas tool .Patient records were
visualized Based on the split criterion, the cleansed data
is split into 60% training and 40% test, then the dataset
is subjected to five machine learning classifiers. Rony
[5] work on the EDCNN model. This Model is focused
on a deeper architecture which covers the multilayer
perceptron’s model with regularization learning
approaches The UCI repository dataset has been
utilized for the diagnosis purpose, and CNN classifier
and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) module has been
used. Santhana Krishnan [6] uses the dataset taken from
UCI Machine learning repository. Decision tree and
Naive Bayes classifier algorithms are used. Two data
mining algorithms were applied on the dataset to
predict the possibilities of having heart disease of a
patient, were analyzed with a classification model.An
approach for the expectation of heart ailments utilizing
a hybrid machine learning methodology was given in
[7]. The hybrid approach is proposed for coronary
illness forecast utilizing arbitrary random forest
classifiers and simple k-means algorithms in machine
learning. Later outcomes were achieved through
random forest classifier and the corresponding
confusion matrix demonstrates the robustness of the
approach.Nabaouia Louridi [8]worked on the SVM
model.SVM helps in analyzing data for classification
and regression analysis, The aim of SVM is to find a
hyperplane in N-dimension space that separates data
distinctly.It compares machine learning algorithms with
different performance metrics and to improve their
accuracy.ML techniques were used in[9] to process raw
data and provide a new direction towards heart disease.
Its mortality rate can be drastically controlled if disease
is detected at early stages and preventative measures are
adopted as possible.Decision Tree, in this the trees are
constructed based on high entropy inputs. Random
Forest, build several decision trees and incorporate
them to get the best result..The neuron components
include inputs, hidden layers and output.Vijeta Sharma
[10]examined the neural network.They used neural
networks as classifiers to predict the diagnosis of
Cardiovascular Heart disease.An artificial neurons
consist of activation function which determines on the
basis of its output.The input of this activation function
is the pre-activation value obtained by weighted sum of
all its input.Basis of output of activation function it is
decided whether a neuron should fire or not.This
research has discovered the neural networks and the
different algorithms employed to improve the
performance of neural networks.
3.EXISTING SYSTEM
In this section we take a glance on the work that
developers and researchers did in heart disease
prediction. Almost all of them have used heart disease
dataset obtained from UCI (University of California at
Irvine) repository; the data set contained 10 attributes
such as age, sex, cp, trestbps, cho, fbs, restecg, thalach,
ca, and target with 304 instances as shown in Table I.
At first level, The dataset is first cleansed and processed
using preprocessing techniques like Data
Integration, Data transformation, Data reduction, and
Data cleaning using pandas tool. A total of 304 patient
records were visualized. Data visualization techniques
helps the data scientist to understand the feasibility of
the dataset the cleansed data is split into 60% training
and 40% test, then the dataset is subjected to five
machine learning classifiers such as Logistic
Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM),
Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest
Neighbors (KNN). The accuracy of the classifiers was
calculated using the confusion matrix. The classifier
which bags up the highest accuracy could be
determined as the best classifier.
4. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND
FINDINGS
This section contains the experimental analysis and
findings of predicting cardiovascular disease. A
quad-core i5 system with 6 GB of RAM, pandas,
Ipython, SciPy, StatsModels and Matplotlib was used
in the Jupyter web application environment. The
experimental analysis takes place in two levels, in the
first level the dataset is cleaned using the pandas tool
and in the second level, the tidy data were subjected
to five machine learning classifiers in predicting
cardiovascular disease. The classifier's execution
with its accuracy is shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2.The
comparison of accuracy obtained from Logistic
Regression (LR) and KNN is shown in Table.1.The
graph which shows the K neighbors classifier score
for different K values is also included in the Fig.2.
Fig.1 Accuracy of Logistic Regression
Model
Fig.2 Accuracy of KNN Model
Sr.No Models Accuracy
1 Logistic Regression 0.819672
2 KNN 0.844838
Table.1 Comparison of accuracy
5.PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this system, we are implementing an effective
heart disease prediction system using a
Machine-learning algorithm architecture shown in fig
3.We can give the input as in the CSV file to the
system. After taking input, the algorithms apply on
that input . After accessing the data set the operation
is performed and effective heart attack level is
produced. We'll add some more parameters
significant to heart disease with their weight, age and
the priority levels by consulting expert doctors and
medical experts. The heart attack prediction system
designed to help the identify different risk levels of
heart attack like you have chances of getting disease
or you have no dangerous symptoms of the disease
and also giving the prescription details with related to
the predicted result.​
Architecture:
Fig.3 Architecture of proposed system
Data Set Creation:
Parameters:
We have referred different IEEE papers and we come
to know that all the papers have the same attributes.
So we propose the model having consultation with an
expert Dr.Harsh Dhondi with new and easily
manageable attributes. All the parameters that we use
are non-medical parameters so anyone having basic
knowledge of health can fill his/her personal data and
based on the given input data the system will predict
the person having heart disease or not. Table.2.
shows the parameters used in the proposed model. 6. CONCLUSION

In this application we will find the best optimized

prediction models for heart disease with simple and
Sr.No Attribute Name Range of
values easily manageable parameters.So that the system can
identify heart disease at an early stage.
1 Age Int (years) This system can not only answer complex queries for
diagnosing heart disease but also assist healthcare
2 Gender Categorical practitioners to make intelligent clinical decisions,
code which traditional decision support systems or any
3 Breathlessness during Binary other existing system can’t. By providing effective
activity treatment, it also helps to reduce treatment cost.

4 breathlessness at rest Binary 7.FUTURE SCOPE

5 Awake by
breathlessness at night
6 Exercise induced
angina (chest pain
after exercise)
7 History of cyanosis
(bluish discoloration
of fingers/lips)
8 Diabetes
9 Clubbing
Binary To determine the accuracy in heart disease prediction
classification systems have been developed to
analyze the minimum error rate. Multi-layered
Binary perceptron algorithm is composed of artificial
neurons, including hidden layers for the problems of
binary classification. The experimental results have
Binary been performed using the UCI repository dataset and
the proposed system has high performance in terms
of precision and accuracy of detecting heart disease.
We can integrate this web application with an
1.Normal
Android app in the future so that it can be easily
2.Above
normal accessible to android users.we also make a chain of
3.well above different heart specialist hospitals and provide them
normal with this system. So the patient can easily get idea of
the available hospital for treatment.
Binary

10 Blood pressure(if Binary

more than 140/90) REFERENCES
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Table.2 Feature information of dataset Learning”
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