CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBE (CFST) COLUMN

A SEMINAR REPORT

Submitted by

SACHINKUMAR P S

MBC15CE045

To

APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

award of the Degree

of

Bachelor of Technology

In

Civil Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MAR BASELIOS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

PEERMADE – 685531

October 2018
MAR BASELIOS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY

PEERMADE- 685531

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled “CONCRETE FILLED STEEL
TUBULAR (CFST) COLUMN” submitted by SACHINKUMAR P S to APJ Abdul
Kalam Technological University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering is bonafide record of the
seminar work carried out by him under our guidance and supervision. This report in any
form has not been submitted to any other University or Institute for any purpose.

Prof Mervin Ealiyas Mathews Dr. Nivin Philip

Guide Head of the Department
Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engg
Department of Civil Engg. MBCCET
MBCCET

2
 CONTENTS

Contents Page No

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 05
ABSTRACT 06
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
ABBREVIATIONS

1. INTRODUCTION 09

1.1 General

2. METHODOLOGY 10

2.1. Material Utilized

2.1.1. Cement

2.1.2. Sand

2.1.3. Steel Tubes

2.2.MIX DESIGN

3.EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 11

3.1 CHECKING STRENGTH

3.1.1. Compressive Strength

3.1.2 Split Tensile Strength

3.1.3. Theoretical Buckling Analysis

3.2.DETAILS OF SPESIMEN 13

3.2.1 Column

3
3.3.ADVANTAGES 15

3.4.DISADVANTAGES 17

4. APPLICATION OF CFST SECTIONS 18

4.1.MODELING

4.1.1.Modeling of specimen 15

4.1.2 Meshing

5.CONCLUSION 19

REFERENCES 20

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my thanks to prof Dr. Nivin Philip (Head of the civil
engineering department), Prof Mervin Eliyas Mathews for their support in the seminar
report.

I also express my deep sence of gratitude to all my professors , Department of Civil

Engineering , MAR BASELIOS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY peermade, for valuable guidance,constant encouragement and creative
suggestions offered during the course of this seminar and also in preparing this report.

5
 ABSTRACT

Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) structure is a composite structure and consists of a steel
tube that is filled up with concrete. There are many advantages of using composite
structure as compared to conventional reinforced concrete (RC) structure and steel
structure. Steel tubes in filled with composite foam concrete are cheaper and it is easier to
use in construction. The application of this composite structure has become increasingly
popular in structural applications. One of the main advantages is the interaction between
the steel tube and concrete: local buckling of the steel tube is delayed by the restraint of
the concrete, and the strength of concrete is increased by the confining effect of the steel
tube. Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) support compression and bending loads in a very
effective manner. The concrete fill stabilizes the steel tube and prevents it from buckling
under load. And at the same time, the steel tube confines the concrete fill, which allows it
to support a higher compressive load. When designed to adequately transfer stress
between the steel tube and concrete fill, CFST elements are inherently stronger and stiffer
than their conventional reinforced concrete counterparts. These are valuable qualities for
bridges that are in seismically active regions and are on sites with soft liquefiable soils.

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Title Page No

1 Buckling load of hollow steel tube 12

v/s slenderness ratio

2 Buckling load of CFST 13

v/s slenderness ratio

3 Rectangular CFST Column 14

4 Circular CFST Column

5 CFST Columns (model) 15

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table No Title Page No

1 Mix ratio of concrete 10

2 Buckling of Hollow Steel 12

Tube Section

3 Buckling of Concrete Filled Steel 13

Tube Section

ABRIVATIONS

CFST – CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBE COLUMN

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 CHAPTER -1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

Concrete filled steel tube columns have seen an increased usage in building structures
throughout the world use the advantages of both steel and concrete. They consist of a
hollow section of circular or rectangular steel filled with smooth or reinforced concrete.
They are widely used in high-rise and multi-storey buildings such as columns and beams-
columns, and as beams in low-rise industrial buildings where a robust and efficient
structural system is required. There are a number of distinct advantages related to such
structural systems in terms of structural performance and construction sequence. The
problem of inherent buckling related to thin walled steel pipes is avoided or delayed due
to the presence of the concrete core. In addition, the performance of the concrete filler is
improved due to the confinement effect exerted by the steel casing. The distribution of
materials in the cross-section also makes the system very efficient in terms of its
structural performance. The steel is located in the outer perimeter where it is realized with
greater effectiveness intensity and flexion. It also provides the highest stiffness since the
material is further away from the centroid. This, combined with much higher modulus of
elasticity, provides the greatest contribution to the moment of inertia. The concrete core
gives the greatest contribution to the axial compression strength. The use of steel pipes
filled with concrete in building construction has experienced a resurgence in recent years
mainly due to its simple construction sequence, in addition to its superior structural
behavior. Typically, it was used in composite structure structures. The hollow steel tubes
manufactured or laminated were first erected to support the construction load of the upper
floor. In a conventional CFST column system, concrete is filled in steel tubes which
typically continue throughout the full-height of a building. The steel tube is expected to
carry stresses in longitudinal direction caused by axial loading and moments, as well as
transverse stresses caused by shear and the internal passive pressure due to concrete
deformation, i.e., the confining stress.

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 CHAPTER- 2

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1. Material Utilized

2.1.1. Cement

The 53 grade of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was used for the entire project. The
specific gravity of cement was 3, fineness of cement was 6% and the normal consistency
was 33%.

2.1.2. Sand

Normal river sand or m-sand can be used. Its specific gravity and fineness modulus were
2.6 and 3.9, Water Locally available potable water with pH of 6 – 7 was used for mixing
and curing process.

2.1.3. Steel Tubes

Fe 415 grade of steel tubes confirmed with Indian Standard were used for this project.

2.2.MIX DESIGN

The mix design of M20 grade concrete was done as per IS 10262-2009 and the details of
proportion are given Table no. 1

Table no. 1 - Mix ratio of concrete

Cement Sand Coarse Water

Aggregate

1 1.7 3.2 0.5

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 CHAPTER- 3

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

3.1 CHECKING STRENGTH

3.1.1. Compressive Strength

Compressive strength was tested to check the mix design on 150 x 150 x 150 mm cubes
after 7 days and 28 days of curing.

3.1.2 Split Tensile Strength

Cylinder specimens with 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height were made to check the
split tensile strength of concrete and the test was done after 7 days and 28 days of curing.

3.1.3. Theoretical Buckling Analysis

Steel tube or columns are usually thought of as straight vertical members whose lengths
are considerably greater than their cross-sectional dimensions. An initially straight tube or
column, compressed by gradually increasing equal and opposite axial forces at the ends is
considered first. When the applied loading is increased, the buckling deformation also
increases. Buckling occurs mainly in members subjected to compressive forces. If the
member has high bending stiffness, its buckling resistance is high. Also, when the
member length is increased, the buckling resistance is decreased

Buckling Of an Ideal Column or Tube

The classical Euler analysis of this problem makes the following assumptions.

• The material of which the strut is made is homogeneous and linearly elastic (i.e. it
obeys Hooke’s Law).

• The column is perfectly straight and there are no imperfections.

11
 • The loading is applied at the centroid of the cross section at the ends Columns are
analyzed by Euler Formula: Critical Load, Pcr = π2EI / Le2

Analysis of Hollow Steel Tubes

The results for the 5 hollow section tests are summarized in TABLE 2.

Table 2.Buckling of Hollow Steel Tube Section

Diameter (mm) Thicknes Slenderness Ultimate Load Buckling Load

(mm) Ratio(mm) (kN) by FEM (kN) by
Theoretical
42.4 2.9 45 43.196 43.009
42.4 2.9 60 24.342 24.193
42.4 2.9 75 15.595 14.421
42.4 2.9 100 8.999 8.423
42.4 2.9 125 5.625 5.234

Fig.1. Buckling load of hollow steel tube v/s slenderness ratio

Analysis of concrete filled steel tube

12
The results for the 5 concrete filled sections tests are summarized in TABLE 2.

Table 3.Buckling of Concrete Filled Steel Tube Section

Diameter (mm) Thicknes Slenderness Ultimate Load Buckling Load

(mm) Ratio(mm) (kN) by FEM (kN) by
Theoretical
42.4 2.9 45 43.196 43.009
42.4 2.9 60 24.342 24.193
42.4 2.9 75 15.595 14.421
42.4 2.9 100 8.999 8.423
42.4 2.9 125 5.625 5.234

Fig.2. Buckling load of CFST v/s slenderness ratio

3.2. DETAILS OF SPECIMEN

3.2.1 Column

There are rectangular and circular columns. The hollow section of the steel tube was
filled with concrete and then. The concrete core and CFST column were tested after 28
days curing

13
 Fig 3 Rectangular CFST Column

Fig 4 Circular CFST Column

Rectangular concrete filled steel tubes and Circular concrete filled steel tubes are being
used widely in real civil engineering projects due to their excellent static and earthquake
resistant properties, such as high strength, high ductility and large energy absorption
capacity. Concrete filled steel tubes (CFST) are also used extensively in other modern
civil engineering applications. When they are used as structural columns, especially in
high-rise buildings, the composite members may be subjected to high shearing force as
well as moments under wind or seismic actions. It may be noted here that mechanical and
economical benefits can be achieved if CFST columns are constructed taking advantages
of high-strength materials. For example, high strength concrete in fill contributes greater
damping and stiffness to CFST columns compare to normal strength concrete. Moreover,
high-strength CFST columns require a smaller cross-section to withstand the load, which
is appreciated by architects and building engineers new developments, including the use

14
of high strength concrete and the credit of the enhanced local buckling capacity of the
steel has allowed much more economical designs to evolve. The main economy achieved
by using high strength concrete in thin steel casings is that the structural steel cost is
minimized and the majority of the load in compression is resisted by the high strength
concrete .However, bare steel or reinforced concrete columns are still used more
extensively than CFSTs due to the lack of knowledge and experience that Engineers have
with CFST structural systems.[

Fig 5 CFST Columns (model)

3.3.ADVANTAGES

The main advantages of CFT structural system in comparison with ordinary steel or
reinforced concrete system are listed below.

 Improvement of Structural Performance Due to material properties:

 The steel tube acts as an external reinforcement. The steel ratio in the CFST cross
section is much higher than those in the reinforced concrete sections.
 Steel of the CFST section is well plasticized under bending since it is located on
the outside of the section.
 The improvement of properties of the concrete in-fill is enhanced due to
confinement pressure exerted by the steel tube
 The characteristic buckling problem of thin-walled steel tubes is controlled due to
the presence of the concrete in-fill and the strength deterioration after the local
buckling is decreased due to the restraining effect of concrete.
 Shrinkage and creep of concrete are much smaller than ordinary reinforced
concrete.
 Due to its geometrical properties:
15
 It provides the maximum stiffness as the material lies farthest from the centroid
and provides the greatest contribution to the moment of inertia.
 The steel as the outer part of core concrete performs most effectively both in
tension and bending. Whereas the concrete core gives the greater contribution to
resisting axial compression.
 Improvement of Constructional Performance During fabrication:
 They are simple to fabricate and construct compared to conventional reinforced
concrete, where skilled workers are needed to cut and bend complex forms of
reinforcement.
 Steel tube of CFST columns are generally less than 40 mm thick and easily available.
Hence, are convenient to fabricated and assemble.
 The constructional procedure is fast due to easy handling and erection.
 During finishing:
 Reduced construction depth, in turn, reduces the storey heights, foundation costs,
paneling of exteriors, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning spaces.
 The concrete filling is protected against mechanical damage
 Slender columns reduce the application time and cost of applied finishes.
 Improvement of Post Constructional Performance:
 Concrete improves the fire resistance performance, and the amount of fireproof
material can be reduced or its use can be omitted.
 The seismic behaviors of CFST column are better than that of steel column.
 They exhibit better corrosion resistance capability than steel columns.
 Larger spans of columns and beams:
 The larger spans of columns can be opted resulting in more inside space. The size of
CFST column is smaller than that of RC column, hence, usable floor area and visibility is
increased.
 The span of frame beam 7-8m even more can be used as steel beams are used as beams.
 Aesthetically pleasing

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 Other advantages

 It is 55% lighter than that of RC

 CFST Column used concrete 62% less and steel 5-10% less than that of
RC Column
 The force resulting from earth quake is smaller
 CFST Column are safer and more reliable in seismic regions

3.4.DISADVANTAGES

However, the conventional CFT system also has its own disadvantages, such as,

i. The beam-to-column connections are complicated for CFT frame structures.

Thus increasing the construction cost.
ii. Due to the fact that the steel tube is used as longitudinal reinforcement to
resist axial force or moment, when the steel tube yields under excessive
longitudinal stresses, its transverse confinement (particularly in terms of
stiffness) to the internal concrete is drastically reduced. This may be
considered as the fate of steel as an isotropic material.
iii. As demonstrated in the cyclic loading tests of conventional CFT columns
local plastic buckling may occur at the ends of the steel tube followed by the
crushing of internal concrete. This type of failure is very difficult to repair if
not impossible. Such failure mode also results in unstable hysteretic loading
capacity, particularly for columns with higher axial load
iv. Skilled labour required

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 CHAPTER- 4

APPLICATION OF CFST SECTIONS

The application of CFST in tall buildings has been adopted in the form of partial columns in early
days, then their usage as full columns was adopted. This process has been very short, only a
decade long. There is no staying area for construction. It made the construction rather difficult.
There are a lot of new technology and experiences in design, fabrication, and construction of this
building. It offers a good example of the adoption of CFST columns in super tall buildings. It can
also promote the development of CFST structures in our country to a higher level.

 MOSTLY USED IN HIGHRISE BUILDING STRUCTURES FOR WITHSTAND SEISMIC EFFECTS

 IT PROVIDE WHEN THE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL IS LESS AND IN MAHYLAND AREAS
 USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES
 CONCRETE FILLED STEEL SECTIONS ARE USED FOR STEEL BRIDGES AND OTHER
STRUCTURAL WORKS

The first engineering adopted CFST structure is the No.1 subway of Beijing. All the columns for
Beijing No.2 subway. The steel ingot work- shop of Benxi steel company built in 1972, was the
first industrial building with CFST columns. The highest tall building which adopted CFST is
Shenzhen SEG Plaza building was completed in 2000. It is the highest one in China and abroad.
The CFST members were used as the external columns of the frame as well inside as concrete
shear walls. The diameter of the columns used in the building ranges from 900mm to 1600mm.
They were brought to the site in lengths of three storeys and concrete was poured from the top
of the column. The critical design loads for the SEG Plaza building were seismic and wind loads.
Therefore, rigid connections between the steel beams and the concrete filled tubes were used. A
CFST Arch Bridge was also constructed in china, of the span 115m over the china‟s Wenchang
river. The Canton tower is one of the most spectacular structures of recent times built using
CFST members. With a height of 612m becomes the highest TV tower in the world, surpassing
the CN Tower in Toronto with 553m. The entire tower was completed in 2010 and put into
operation for the Asian Games that year

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4.1.MODELING

4.1.1.Modeling of specimen

For the modeling of specimen in Ansys, first types of the specimen and its properties
were selected like Poisson ratio, Young modulus and density of the material. After that in
geometry section model was created as per the size

4.1.2 Meshing

After the modeling done in this part material was selected for the model and bond was
created between two material concrete and steel tube. Meshing was to help to build bond
between two materials and then the CFST beam and column specimens were created.

CHAPTER- 5

CONCLUSION

 The concrete filled steel tube (CFST) column are recommended for high-rise and
multi-story buildings such as columns and beams-columns, and beams in low rise
industrial buildings where a efficient structural system is required
 The problem of inherent buckling related to thin walled steel pipes is avoided or
delayed due to the presence of the concrete core.
 The performance of the concrete filler is improved due to the confinement effect
exerted by the steel casing
 The distribution of materials in the cross-section also makes the system very
efficient in terms of its structural performance.
 The steel is located in the outer perimeter where it is realized with greater
effectiveness intensity and flexion. It also provides the highest stiffness since the

19
 material is further away from the centroid. This, combined with much higher
modulus of elasticity, provides the greatest contribution to the moment of inertia.
 The concrete core gives the greatest contribution to the axial compression
strength. The use of steel pipes filled with concrete in building construction has
experienced a resurgence mainly due to its simple construction sequence, in
addition to its superior structural behavior. Typically, it was used in composite
structure structures

REFERENCES

 Advancements in concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) column - International

journal of structural and civil engineering research
ISSN 2319-6009
Vol 3,No 2 May 2014

 Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) Columns in Composite Structures

IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-
1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 13, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan. – Feb. 2018), PP 11-18

 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF CONFINED CONCRETE FILLED STEEL

TUBULAR (CCFT) COLUMNS
13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada
August 1-6, 2004 Paper No. 681

 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND FINITE ELEMENT MODELING

OF CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBE
Mr. Subhankar Debnath1, Mr. G. Vimalanandan2, Dr. S. Senthil Selvan3
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 14 2018,
1317-1324

 Study On Concrete Filled Steel Tube

Shilpa Sara Kurian1, Dinu Paulose2, Sreepriya mohan3
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN:
2278-1684,p- ISSN: 2320-334X,

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