The birth of Bangladesh in 1971 marked a pivotal moment in the history of the Indian

subcontinent. The struggle for independence was not only a fight against oppression of West
Pakistan but also a motive to establish a nation with four principles for Bengali people.In the
constitution these four principles - nationalism, democracy, secularism, and socialism were
chosen based on the historical experiences of the people of Bangladesh during their years as
citizens of Pakistan.

The desire for an individual national identity rooted in language, culture, and history became a
driving force. The acceptance of nationalism was a declaration of the people's right to self-
determination and recognition of their unique identity.This unique identity refers to bengali as a
citizen of Bangladesh no matter what their religion is. It had risen for the first time against the
Pakistani government during the Language movement of 1952. However, it was replaced as
Bangladeshi nationalism in 1975 by a military government following (Hossain & khan ,2006).

Nationalism remains a unifying force, fostering pride and identity among the people. Its
significance lies in preserving the cultural heritage and promoting a sense of existing all over the
world.According to15 th amendment of the constitution,people of Bangladesh shall be known
Bangalees as a nation and citizens of Bangladesh shall be known as Bangladeshi.

Democracy in Bangladesh was first introduced when the British ruled in the Indian subcontinent
from 1700 to 1947, where Bangladesh was among the first British colonies in the
subcontinent.On that period the British had started ruling in the Westminster style of democracy.
Since Bangladesh achieved its independence on 26 March 1971 from Pakistan, Bangladesh
introduced parliamentary democracy into its political system. However, in 1975,a military coup
changed the process. It was restored in 1991 through a constitutional amendment.
Despite challenges, Bangladesh has successfully maintained a democratic system, with regular
elections and peaceful transitions of power. The significance of democracy lies in its role as a
vehicle for people's participation and governance. A comparison with relevant amendments
provides insight into the continuous efforts to strengthen democratic institutions.

Secularism remains freedom of religion in the diverse society of Bangladesh.It also refers to
protecting the rights of religious minorities.Bangladesh accept it on the basis of 1947
partition,where British had created a mind set up about different religious identity.

The significance of secularism is promoting equality between people of different religions. A

comparison with relevant amendments highlights the evolution of secular ideals in the
constitutional framework.
The secular character of Bangladesh was a response to the discriminatory policies of the central
government in West Pakistan. It aimed to create a society where individuals of all faiths could
coexist harmoniously, safeguarding against the imposition of a singular religious ideology.

In 1947 to 1971, socio-economic disparities between East and West Pakistan highlighted the
need for economic justice and equal distribution of resources. That's the reason,Socialism was
accepted to address these disparities and promote social welfare.

The significance of socialism is reflected in Bangladesh's economic growth by reducing

poverty,increasing healthcare and promoting Education door to door. A comparison with
relevant amendments showcases the adaptation of socialist ideals to contemporary challenges.

In conclusion, the four fundamental principles of nationalism, democracy, secularism, and

socialism have been added as principles of Bangladesh’s constitution for shaping the nation
without violence and discrimination. In the contemporary context, these principles also serve as
the basis of Bangladesh's identity and governance.As Bangladesh moves forward, these
principles will play a vital role by guiding the nation towards a future that upholds its
foundational values and aspirations.
 References

Ghosh, S. (1986). CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN BANGLADESH : PROCESS OF

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT. India Quarterly, 42(4), 391–404.

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Hossain, I., & Khan, M. H. (2006). The Rift Within An Imagined Community:
Understanding Nationalism(s) in Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Social Science, 34(2),
324–339. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23654423

Jahan, R. (1973). Bangladesh in 1972: Nation Building in a New State. Asian Survey,
13(2), 199–210. https://doi.org/10.2307/2642736

Jahan, R. (1973). Bangladesh in 1972: Nation Building in a New State. Asian Survey,
13(2), 199–210. https://doi.org/10.2307/2642736