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SUBJECT and GRADE Mathematics Grade 11

TERM 2 Week 2
TOPIC Analytical Geometry: The equation of the line
AIMS OF LESSON • Finding the equation of a line passing through two points.
• Finding the equation of a line if one point and information regarding the gradient (parallel or perpendicular) is given.
RESOURCES Paper based resources Digital resources
Please go to the Analytical Geometry section in your https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hryH94KFJA
Mathematics Textbook. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJ0_Lvkvo9E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7G8EwEc5xLw
INTRODUCTION We know that the equation of a line is 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 where 𝑚 is the gradient and 𝑐 is the 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 of the line.
To find the equation of a line, we need:
• The gradient (𝑚) and any point on the line.
In this lesson we will be finding the equation of the line using,
• 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 and
• 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )
Where 𝑚 = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑥1 ; 𝑦1 ) is any other point.
CONCEPTS AND SKILLS
We will be using both these formulae to determine the equation of a line. CAN YOU?
Example 1: Determine the equation of the line passing through the points A(6; 8) and B(−6; 2) by
using the equation 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 and then using 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 ) 1. Determine the equation of the following lines
𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 ) passing through two points:
8−2 6 1 1 (a) (5; 0) and (-3;2)
Find 𝑚 𝑚= = = 𝑚=
6 − (−6) 12 2 2
1 1 (b) (-2;6) and (5;9)
𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑐 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
2 2
1 1 • Substitute 2. Determine the equation of the lines where the
8 = (6) + 𝑐 𝑦 − 8 = (𝑥 − 6) one point
• Substitute 2 2 gradient and a point are given:
1 • Simplify
point 8=3+𝑐 ∴𝑐 =5 (a) 𝑚 =-1 and point (-6;4)
• find c. = 𝑥 − 3
1 2
• Subs into 𝑦 = 𝑥+5 1
original
2 𝑦 = 𝑥−3+8 (b) 𝑚 = 0 and point (-1; 5)
2
1
𝑦 = 𝑥+5
2
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Example 2: Determine the equation of a line which passes through the point (3; 1) and is parallel CAN YOU?
to 2𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 6 Use the diagram to answer the questions that
Solution: follows:
𝑦 B(1; 5)
3 We need:
𝑦 = 𝑥+3 [Standard form]
2 Gradient(𝒎)
3 and a point
𝑚=
2
M
Equation of new line:
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) [ lines are parallel; gradients are equal]
3 𝑥
𝑦 − 1 = (𝑥 − 3) [Substitute point]
2 F
C(5 ; −1)
3 7
𝑦 = 𝑥− +1 A(−3; −2)
2 3
3 4
𝑦= 𝑥− 1. Determine coordinates of M the midpoint of
2 3
Important termonology AB.
𝟑
Median Altitude Perpendicular bisector Solution: 𝑴(−𝟏; )
𝟐
Line from vertex to Line from any vertex Line passes through
midpoint of opposite side. perpendicular to the opposite midpoint and is 2. Determine the equation of the median CM.
side. perpendicular to the line. Solution:
5 13
𝑦= − 𝑥+
12 12
3. Determine the equation of the altitude BF.
Solution:
𝑦 = −8𝑥 + 13

ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT Mind Action Platinum Classroom Everything

Series Mathematics Mathematics
Ex: 5 & 6; Ex: 1 Ex: 4.5 Ex: 4.2- 4.4
Pg: 72 & 74 Pg: 61 Pg: 99 Pg: 115-123
CONSOLIDATION • Use the given information to find m. Substitute the point.
• Remember the facts regarding // and ⊥ lines.
• Remember to practice daily!
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