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Sales & Service Cooling Server Rooms
Sales & Service Cooling Server Rooms
Y4.19-04-22-01
Topics
• Servers & IT Hardware
• HVAC & Room Design
• Airflow & Airflow Issues
• Systems & Technologies for Cooling
• Energy Saving Techniques
• Classic Unit Problems
• Project Examples
Commissioning and Service Close Control AC Units
Load w/m2
Relative contributions to the total thermal output of a
typical data center
Commissioning and Service Close Control AC Units
Survey data regarding the design and actual power density of data
centers
Commissioning and Service Close Control AC Units
Different definitions
for data center power
density provide
different values
when applied to the
same data center
Commissioning and Service Close Control AC Units
• Application / Misapplication
• Internal Design Conditions
• Air Distribution
• Cooling Load
• SHR [Sensible Heat Ratio]
• Flexibility
• Redundancy
• Outside Air
• Circulated Air
• Vapour Barriers
Airflow & Airflow Issues
Commissioning and Service Close Control AC Units
• Utilize proper spacing of the cold aisles. 1200mm wide with two
full rows of tiles with can be removed. All perforated tiles are
only located in the cold aisle
• Place cooling units at the end of the equipment rows & aligned with hot
aisles where possible.
• Both Hot & Cold Aisles can be contained / enclosed for better supply or
return air to / from Close Control units.
Commissioning and Service Close Control AC Units
CRAC units should be placed perpendicular to hot aisles so that they discharge cool air beneath
the floor in the same direction.
Airflow pattern for raised floor configuration with hot aisles and cold aisles
• Units are available in Air Cooled DX, Water Glycol Cooled DX & Chilled Water.
• Additionally units can be configured for freecooling with additional water based coil.
• Chilled water units can be fed water from chillers + drycoolers or freecooling chillers
• Type dependant on project site, services available, Summer and Winter ambients.
Commissioning and Service Close Control AC Units
• Freecooling by water based coils added to DX closed circuit units with drycoolers
outside room
• Freecooling chillers
• Adiabatic cooling
Freecooling - DX Water Coil, Chillers & Drycoolers
DX Water Coil
• For DX units, freecooling available depends on local outdoor ambient
temperature.
• Units can provide any amount of freecooling available & compressor can run to
provide the balance.
• Need to be careful not to circulate water too cold as this will result in latent
cooling
• 3 fold additional energy efficiency in that no belts, backward curved & not
forward curved & EC motor acts like DC circuit.
• Unit is set up with a discrete fan speed based on a fixed 0-10V output to the EC
motor based on the design point of operation of the fan. This is the default setting
on units shipped.
• Unit set up to track the cooling control temperature band with set voltage limits
whereby max voltage / fan air volume is at set point plus control band & min
voltage / fan air volume at set point. Max air volume is typically design air volume
& min air volume is around 60% for chilled water units & 75% for DX units.
Commissioning and Service Close Control AC Units
• Unit set up to give a reduced fan air volume in dehumidification mode to conserve
energy in dehumidification while quickly achieving the dehumidification effect at the
cooling coil. This output voltage is again user selectable.
• Unit is set up via an underfloor pressure transducer to give a fixed underfloor pressure
all the time. Underfloor pressure setpoint is a Pa input through the unit user display.
• In rooms where there are units in standby, letting all units run all the time reduces the
fan energy of the installation as reduced air through the unit gives a reduced system
resistance & fan power. If a unit fails, a pressure transducer runs the remaining units at
100% design airflow.
• Unit is setup with an additional temperature sensor in the cold aisle & this sensor has an
additional control band which can vary unit air volume & guarantee cold aisle supply air
temperature, air volume & pressure.
Commissioning and Service Close Control AC Units
Typical Setup :
* 4x units, 3x run + 1x standby
* 3x 100% power
Energy Saving Setup :
* 4x units run at 75% airflow & 75% design speed.
* Using fan laws where power is speed cubed, new setup is 168%
* Saving in fan power 44%
Electronic Expansion Valves
Fresh Air
• As a rule, no fresh air to the units !
• If unavoidable then maximum 5% of unit volume or 8-10l/s per person & not ACR
based.
• Winter is the worst problem as the humidifier cannot cope.
• In large data rooms, use a separate full function AHU to put air into the data room at
CRAC unit set point condition & create a positive pressure of approximately 12.5 Pa.
Commissioning and Service Close Control AC Units
Project Examples
Client : Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico USA.
Additional Note :
* 1,000,000 m3/hr of air into floor
* Raised Floor 900mm clear
* CRAY Computers. ( www.cray.com)
* Currently 17th fastest supercomputer in the world ( was fastest in 2004 )
Rank Site Computer
Additional Note :
* Indoor units run on 12/18C chilled water.
* Drycoolers run in series with YORK chillers providing approx 70%
freecooling year round.
* Currently upgrading all units to EC fans
Client : B Sky B, Southampton, UK.