Bharatanatyam is a classical dance form originating from the temples of Tamil Nadu, South

India. It is known for its grace, purity, and sculptural poses, blending expressive dance with
intricate footwork and hand gestures (mudras). Here’s an introduction covering its essential
aspects:

1. Historical and Cultural Roots: Bharatanatyam has ancient origins, dating back to
the Natya Shastra, a foundational text on performing arts. Initially performed by
devadasis (temple dancers) as a form of worship and storytelling, it evolved into a
classical art form that transcends religious boundaries.
2. Elements of Bharatanatyam:
o Natya: The dramatic element where stories from mythology and epics are
narrated through expressive dance and facial expressions.
o Nritya: The rhythmic element involving complex footwork, precise
movements, and rhythmic patterns.
o Nritta: The pure dance element characterized by abstract movements and
sequences, showcasing the dancer's skill in executing intricate patterns.
3. Technique and Training:
o Adavus: Basic dance units that form the building blocks of Bharatanatyam,
emphasizing control, balance, and grace.
o Abhinaya: The art of expression through subtle facial expressions (bhava) and
hand gestures (mudras), conveying emotions and stories.
o Rasa: The aesthetic experience created through the combination of music,
movement, and expression.
4. Costume and Makeup: Dancers typically wear vibrant costumes, adorned with
traditional jewelry and intricate makeup that accentuates facial expressions and
movements. The elaborate attire includes a saree draped in a specific style,
emphasizing the dance's cultural and aesthetic significance.
5. Music and Instruments: Bharatanatyam is accompanied by Carnatic music,
characterized by its rhythmic complexity and melodic richness. Instruments such as
the mridangam (double-headed drum), violin, flute, and veena provide
accompaniment, enhancing the dance's emotive and rhythmic elements.
6. Themes and Repertoire: The dance repertoire includes traditional compositions (like
varnams, padams, and tillanas) that explore themes from Hindu mythology, spiritual
devotion, and human emotions. Each performance is structured to include elements of
storytelling, devotion, and artistic expression.
7. Modern Relevance: While rooted in tradition, Bharatanatyam continues to evolve,
with contemporary interpretations exploring social themes, global influences, and
personal expressions. It remains a vibrant art form cherished for its cultural heritage
and artistic depth.